Engonius excisipes Strohecker, 1943.

The species of Sinocymbachus appear to be closely related to Cymbachus. However, Sinocymbachus can be distinguished from Cymbachus in having the body more elongate in most cases (except S. parvimaculatus and S. sinicus sp. nov.); intercoxal process of mesoventrite distinctly longer than wide (except S. parvimaculatus and S. sinicus sp. nov.), and with median ridge or tubercle at base; mesotibiae sexually dimorphic, toothed and excised on inner edge in male, straight in female (modified based on Tomaszewska 2005).

There is distinct sexual dimorphism in the species of the genus Sinocymbachus. The species of the genus Sinocymbachus bear distinct characters of sexual dimorphism. The mesotibiae of males usually have variously developed teeth and excisions. Besides, median lobe of the aedeagus is usually less complicated apically in the species with teeth and excisions symmetric on mesotibiae while it is more complicated in the species with teeth and excisions placed asymmetrically on tibiae and usually have a wide concavity on the ventral side of antenna. However, there are also exceptions. For example, the median lobe is complicated in the males of S. excisipes with symmetric teeth and excisions on mesotibiae while there is a wide concavity on the ventral surface of antenna in the males of S. humerosus with symmetrically placed teeth and excisions on mesotibiae.

Holotype. Male, China: Guizhou Province: Jiangkou, Fanjingshan, 1775 m, 23–27.VII.2016, Yu-Tang Wang leg. (SHNU); Paratypes. 1 male, 1 female, Jiangkou, Fanjingshan, 1775 m, 11.VII.2009, Wen-Hsin Lin leg. (CCCC).

The name refers to the type locality.

Sinocymbachus fanjingshanensis sp. nov. is most similar to S. angustefasciatus, S. longipennis sp. nov., S. quadriundulatus and S. wangyinjiei sp. nov. in appearance. However, S. fanjingshanensis sp. nov. differs from S. angustefasciatus by the shiny body (vs. body opaque); left mesotibia in male widely excised (vs. not excised); from S. longipennis sp. nov. by the body dark brown, shiny (vs. black, opaque); elytra oval with sides curved (vs. long oval, weakly curved); right mesotibia in male not excised (vs. with shallow and weakly undulate excision); from S. quadriundulatus by the body without cupreous sheen (vs. with cupreous sheen); left mesotibia in male widely excised (vs. not excised); from S. wangyinjiei sp. nov. by the mesoventral process with anterior and posterior margins nearly equally wide (vs. anterior margin much wider than posterior); mesotibia in male with shallow but broad excision (vs. with deep and narrow excision).

Length 9.7–10.9 mm. Body oval, approximately 1.9–2.0 times as long as wide; convex; shiny. Colour dark brown, shiny, with four irregular orange transverse maculae on the elytra.

Figure 1. 

Habitus of Sinocymbachus spp. nov. A S. fanjingshanensis sp. nov. B S. longipennis sp. nov. C S. sinicus sp. nov. D S. wangyinjiei sp. nov. 1 male 2 female. Scale bar: 2 mm.

Head. Antenna (Fig. 2A) long, rather slender, extending to ca. 1/2 body length, with antennomeres 1–8 distinctly longer than wide; scape ca. 3.0 times as long as pedicel; pedicel wider than long; antennomere 3 nearly as long as 4 and 5 combined; antennomere 4 as long as 5; antennomeres 5–8 gradually shorter; club rather broad, moderately flat, loosely articulated; antennomeres 10 and 11 ventrally with wide concavity.

Figure 2. 

Left antenna of Sinocymbachus spp. nov. (ventral view) A S. fanjingshanensis sp. nov. B S. longipennis sp. nov. C S. sinicus sp. nov. D S. wangyinjiei sp. nov.

Thorax. Pronotum 2.4–2.9 mm long, 3.5–3.8 mm wide; widest near 1/2 of pronotal length; rather coarsely and densely punctate; lateral and anterior margins narrowly bordered; anterior edge with large stridulatory membrane; sides undulate, deeply emarginate near basal 1/4; anterior angles produced, bluntly rounded; posterior angles acutely produced; disc weakly convex; median furrow absent; lateral sulci distinct, linear, extending to 1/3 of pronotal length; basal sulcus weakly sinuate, moderately deep. Prosternal process (Fig. 3A) moderately widely separating procoxae; sides almost parallel, forked apically, not extending beyond front coxae. Mesoventral process (Fig. 3A) nearly pentagonal, distinctly longer than wide; sides curved outwardly; disc with short median ridge near basal 1/4. Elytra 7.3–8.1 mm long, 5.2–5.5 mm wide; 2.8–3.0 times as long as pronotum; 1.4–1.5 times as wide as pronotum; punctations coarser and denser than those on pronotum; sides curved, widest near 1/2 of elytral length; converging from posterior 1/3 to apex; humeri weakly prominent. Each elytron with two transverse maculae: anterior macula behind humerus, nearly branch-shaped, with outer margin touching lateral margin of elytra, and inner margin distant from elytral suture; posterior macula located at apical 1/3, band-like, with anterior and posterior margins bidentate; outer margin distant from lateral margin of elytra, inner margin distant from elytral suture. Left mesotibia (Fig. 4A–1) in male with small sharp tooth near basal 1/4 on inner edge, then deeply excised to apical 1/3; right mesotibia (Fig. 4A–2) in male with small sharp tooth near apical 1/3 on inner edge. Pro- and metatibiae simple.

Figure 3. 

Prosternal and mesoventral process of Sinocymbachus spp. nov. A S. fanjingshanensis sp. nov. B S. longipennis sp. nov. C S. sinicus sp. nov. D S. wangyinjiei sp. nov.

Figure 4. 

Male mesotibia of Sinocymbachus spp. nov. A S. fanjingshanensis sp. nov. B S. longipennis sp. nov. C S. sinicus sp. nov. D S. wangyinjiei sp. nov. 1 left 2 right.

Abdomen. Ventrite 1 almost as long as two subsequent ventrites combined; ventrites 2–4 subequal in length. Ventrite 5 with lateral margin gradually converging posteriorly; posterior margin broadly rounded medially in male (Fig. 5A–1); in female lateral margin strongly converging posteriorly; posterior margin acutely rounded medially (Fig. 5A–2). Aedeagus (Fig. 6A) short and stout, heavily sclerotised, curved. Median lobe very short, with wide branches. Tegmen basal, ring-shaped.

Figure 5. 

Male ventrite V of abdomen of Sinocymbachus spp. nov. A S. fanjingshanensis sp. nov. B S. longipennis sp. nov. C S. sinicus sp. nov. D S. wangyinjiei sp. nov. 1 male 2 female.

China: Guizhou.

Holotype. Male, China: Yunnan Province: male, Gongshan, Dabadi, 2840 m, 14.VI.2015, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (SHNU); Paratypes. 1 male, 1 female, same data as holotype (CBWX); 1 female, Gongshan, Sendang-Dabadi, 2840 m, 20.VI.2015, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (CBWX); 1 male, Diqing, Weixi, Badi, Nanjieluo, 2921 m, 29.VI.2014, Xiao-Dong Yang leg. (CCCC); 5 males, Dayao County, Santai Township, Xiaobaicaoling, 29–30.V.2013, 2980 m Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (CBWX); 1 male, Binchuan County, Jizushan, 2400 m, 18.VII.2010, Liang Tang leg. (CBWX); Sichuan Province: Shimian County, alt. 2580 m, 5.VIII.2016, Ai-Min Shi, Yan-Hong Li leg. (MHBU); 9 males, Puge County, Luobinshan Cableway Station (downhill exit), alt. 2500 m, light trap, 9.VI.2012, Gan-Yan Yang leg. (IZCAS); 9 males, Puge County, Luobinshan, 2616 m, 9–10.VI.2012, Xiao-Dong Yang leg. (CCCC); 2 males, ditto except (CCLX); 1 male, Mianning County, Yele, 2800 m, 11.VIII.2005, Yi Ming leg. (CBWX); 12 males, Liziping, Shoubayan Power Station, alt. 2360 m, light trap, 28.9351N, 102.2468E, 22.VI.2012, Gan-Yan Yang leg. (IZCAS); Xizang Province: 1 female, Chawalong, Mengzhacun, Zhahazu, 2920 m, 3.VIII.2015, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (CBWX).

The name refers to the distinctly elongate elytra, especially in male.

Sinocymbachus longipennis sp. nov. is most similar to S. angustefasciatus, S. fanjingshanensis sp. nov., S. quadriundulatus and S. wangyinjiei sp. nov. in external appearance. However, the distinctly more elongate elytra (especially in males) with nearly parallel sides can separate it from all these similar species. In addition, S. longipennis sp. nov. differs from S. angustefasciatus by having the elytra widest in the middle length (vs. behind middle); left mesotibia in male widely excised (vs. not widely excised); from S. fanjingshanensis sp. nov. by the body black and opaque (vs. dark brown, shiny); right mesotibia in male with shallow and weakly undulate excision (vs. not excised); from S. quadriundulatus by the body without cupreous sheen (vs. with cupreous sheen); left mesotibia in male widely excised (vs. not widely excised); from S. wangyinjiei sp. nov. by the body black and opaque (vs. dark brown, shiny); mesotibia in male with shallow and nearly straight excision (vs. with deeply U-shaped excision).

Length 9.5–10.6 mm. Body long and oval, 1.8 times as long as wide; convex; shiny. Colour black with four orange irregular maculae on elytra, narrow and transverse.

Head. Antenna (Fig. 2B) long, rather stout, extending to ca. 1/2 body length, with antennomeres 1–8 distinctly longer than wide; scape approximately 3.5 times as long as pedicel; pedicel wider than long; antennomere 3 longer than 4 and 5 combined; antennomere 4 as long as 5; antennomeres 5–8 gradually shorter; club very broad, approximately 4.0 times as wide as antennomere 8, moderately flat, loose; antennomeres 10 and 11 ventrally with wide concavity.

Thorax. Pronotum 2.3–2.8 mm long, 3.2–3.5 mm wide; widest at base; coarsely and rather densely punctate; lateral and anterior margins narrowly bordered; anterior edge with moderately large stridulatory membrane; sides undulate, deeply emarginate near basal 1/3 length; anterior angles produced, bluntly rounded; posterior angles acutely produced; disc weakly convex; median furrow absent; lateral sulci distinct, linear, extending to 1/3 of pronotal length; basal sulcus weakly sinuate, moderately deep. Prosternal process (Fig. 3B) moderately widely separating procoxae; sides curved outwardly, forked apically, not extending beyond front coxae. Mesoventral process (Fig. 3B) nearly pentagonal, with sides curved outwardly; disc distinctly ridged. Elytra 7.7–8.2 mm long, 5.2–5.8 mm wide; 2.9–3.3 times as long as pronotum; 1.6–1.7 times as wide as pronotum; punctations coarse and denser than those on pronotum; sides weakly curved, widest near 1/2 length of elytron; strongly converging from posterior 1/3 to apex; humeri weakly prominent. Each elytron with two transverse maculae: anterior elytral macula located on humerus, nearly W-shaped, in some specimens separated into two parts; outer margin almost touching lateral margin of elytra, inner margin distant from elytral suture; posterior macula located at apical 1/3, nearly band-shaped; outer margin distant from lateral margin of elytra, inner margin distant from elytral suture. Left mesotibia (Fig. 4B–1) in male with small sharp tooth near basal 1/3 on inner edge, then deeply excised to apical 1/3; right mesotibia (Fig. 4B–2) in male with small sharp tooth near apical 1/3 on inner edge. Pro- and metatibiae simple.

Abdomen. Ventrite 1 almost as long as subsequent two ventrites combined; ventrites 2–4 subequal in length. Ventrite 5 with lateral margin gradually converging posteriorly; posterior margin broadly rounded in male (Fig. 5B–1); in female lateral margin strongly converging posteriorly and acutely rounded (Fig. 5B–2). Aedeagus (Fig. 6B) short and stout, heavily sclerotised, curved. Median lobe very short, with two large finger-like branches. Tegmen basal, ring-shaped.

Figure 6. 

Aedeagus of Sinocymbachus spp. nov. A S. fanjingshanensis sp. nov. B S. longipennis sp. nov. C S. sinicus sp. nov. D S. wangyinjiei sp. nov. 1 ventral view 2 lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.

China: Yunnan and Sichuan.

Holotype. Male, China: Xizang Province: Motuo, Baricun, 1700 m, 7.VIII.2014, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (SHEM); Paratypes. 1 male, 1 female same data as holotype (CCLX); 1 male ditto except (CBWX); 1 female, Motuo, 1900 m, 20.VIII.2013, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (CBWX); 2 females, Xizang, Linzhi, Motuo, 1559 m, 2016.VIII.5, Xiao-Dong Yang leg. (CCCC); 1 male, 1 female, Linzhi, Motuo, 1526 m, 2016.VIII.21, Xiao-Dong Yang leg. (CCCC); 1 male, ditto except 2016.VIII.23 (CCCC); 1 male, Yunnan Province: Gongshan, Dulongjiang, Maku, 1250 m, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (CBWX).

The name is dedicated to our country which has created good research environment for us.

Sinocymbachus sinicus can be separated from all its congeners by having the body short oval and each elytron with two transverse maculae, more regular without distinct projections.

Length 8.9–9.1 mm. Body short oval, approximately 1.3 times as long as wide; moderately convex; smooth. Colour black with four orange irregular transverse maculae on elytra.

Head. Antenna (Fig. 2C) long and slender, extending to approximately 1/2 body length, with antennomeres 1–8 distinctly longer than wide; scape approximately 4.0 times as long as pedicel; antennomere 3 longer than 4–5 combined; antennomere 4 nearly as long as antennomere 5; antennomeres 5–8 gradually shorter; club broad, approximately 2.5 times as wide as antennomere 8, moderately flat, loosely articulated.

Thorax. Pronotum 2.3–2.4 mm long, 3.5–3.9 mm wide; widest near 1/2 of pronotal length; coarsely and rather densely punctate; lateral and anterior margins narrowly bordered; anterior edge with moderately large stridulatory membrane; sides nearly parallel; anterior angles produced, bluntly rounded; posterior angles moderately acutely produced; disc weakly convex; two round raised areas laterally; inflexed laterally; median furrow absent; lateral sulci very short and deep, in form of triangular dent; basal sulcus weakly curved, moderately deep. Prosternal process (Fig. 3C) comparatively widely separating procoxae; sides curved outwardly near apex, forked apically, not extending beyond front coxae. Mesoventral process (Fig. 3C) nearly pentagonal, as long as wide, with short median ridge anteriorly. Elytra 6.6–6.8 mm long, 5.0–5.2 mm wide; 2.8–2.9 times as long as pronotum; 1.3–1.4 times as wide as pronotum; punctures as large as the pronotal ones, densely distributed; sides strongly curved, widest near 1/2 length of elytron; humeri weakly prominent. Each elytron with two irregular transverse maculae. Anterior elytral macula located behind humerus, in form of arcuate irregular band; anterior margin deeply emarginate; posterior margin weakly emarginate or nearly straight; outer margin not touching lateral margin of elytra, inner margin distant from elytral suture. Posterior macula located at apical 1/3, in form of nearly straight band; outer and inner margin of macula distant from both elytral lateral margin and suture. Both mesotibiae (Fig. 4C) in male with small sharp tooth near apical 1/4 on inner edge, in female without teeth. Pro- and metatibiae simple.

Abdomen. Ventrite 1 longer than 2 and 3 combined; ventrites 2–4 subequal in length. Ventrite 5 (Fig. 5C) arcuate in both sexes. Aedeagus (Fig. 6C) short and stout, heavily sclerotised, curved. Median lobe with two short branches, acute apically. Tegmen basal, ring-shaped.

China: Xizang and Yunnan.

Holotype. Male, China: Hubei Province: Shennongjia, 1635 m, 4.X.2007, Yin-Jie Wang leg. (SHNU).

The name is dedicated to Mr. Yin-Jie Wang, who collected the holotype of this species for our study.

Sinocymbachus wangyinjiei sp. nov. resembles S. angustefasciatus, S. fanjingshanensis sp. nov., S. longipennis sp. nov., and S. quadriundulatus. However, it can be differentiated from S. angustefasciatus by the body shiny (vs. opaque); mesotibia in male with deeply U-shaped excision (vs. not excised); from S. fanjingshanensis sp. nov. by the anterior margin of mesoventral process much wider than posterior margin (vs. anterior margin as wide as posterior margin); mesotibia in male with deep and narrow excision (vs. with shallow and wide excision); from S. longipennis sp. nov. by the body dark brown and shiny (vs. black, opaque); elytra oval with sides distinctly curved (vs. long oval, nearly parallel); mesotibia in male with deep and narrow excision (vs. with shallow and wide excision); from S. quadriundulatus by the body without cupreous sheen (vs. with cupreous sheen); mesotibia in male with deeply U-shaped excision (vs. not excised).

Length 9.7 mm. Body oval, approximately 2.1 times as long as wide; convex; shiny. Colour black, shiny, with four orange irregular transverse maculae on elytra.

Head. Antenna (Fig. 2D) long, rather slender, extending to approximately 1/2 body length, with antennomeres 1–8 distinctly longer than wide; scape 5.5 times as long as pedicel; pedicel wider than long; antennomere 3 nearly as long as 4 and 5 combined; antennomeres 4–8 gradually shorter; club moderately broad and flat, loose; antennomeres 10 and 11 with wide concavity ventrally.

Thorax. Pronotum 2.1 mm long, 3.2 mm wide; widest at base; rather coarsely and densely punctate; lateral and anterior margins narrowly bordered; anterior edge with large stridulatory membrane; sides undulate, deeply emarginate near basal 1/4 length; anterior angles bluntly produced; posterior angles acutely produced; disc weakly convex; median furrow absent; lateral sulci short and deep, in form of triangular dent; basal sulcus sinuate, moderately deep. Prosternal process (Fig. 3D) moderately widely separating procoxae; sides curved outwardly toward apex, forked apically, not extending beyond front coxae. Mesoventral process (Fig. 3D) nearly pentagonal, distinctly longer than wide; sides converging to apex; disc with short median ridge anteriorly. Elytra 7.2 mm long, 4.6 mm wide; 3.4 times as long as pronotum; 1.4 times as wide as pronotum; punctation coarse and dense; sides curved, widest near 1/2 length of elytron; converging from here to apex; humeri weakly prominent. Each elytron with two irregular transverse maculae: anterior elytral macula located on humerus, nearly W-shaped; outer margin touching lateral margin of elytra, inner margin distant from elytral suture; posterior macula located at apical 1/3, transverse bands with four distinct projections; outer margin distant from lateral margin of elytra, inner margin distant from elytral suture. Left mesotibia (Fig. 4D–1) in male with small sharp tooth behind 1/2 length on inner edge, then deeply U-shaped excised; right mesotibia (Fig. 4D–2) in male with small sharp tooth near apical 1/3 on inner edge, then deeply U-shaped excised. Pro- and metatibiae simple.

Abdomen. Ventrite 1 almost as long as two subsequent ventrites combined; ventrites 2–4 subequal in length. Ventrite 5 (Fig. 5D) with posterior margin gently rounded. Aedeagus (Fig. 6D) short and stout, heavily sclerotised, straight. Median lobe very short, with two wide, large and rather flat branches. Tegmen basal, ring-shaped.

China: Hubei.

Sinocymbachus angustefasciatus is most similar to S. fanjingshanensis sp. nov., S. longipennis sp. nov., S. quadriundulatus and S. wangyinjiei sp. nov. by having transverse elytral maculae. However, S. angustefasciatus differs from S. fanjingshanensis sp. nov. by the body opaque (vs. body shiny); left mesotibia in male not excised (vs. widely excised); from S. longipennis sp. nov. by the oval elytra with sides distinctly curved (vs. long oval, nearly parallel); left mesotibia in male not excised (vs. widely excised); from S. quadriundulatus by the body opaque (vs. body shiny); mesotibial tooth in male symmetric (vs. asymmetric); from S. wangyinjiei sp. nov. in having the body opaque (vs. body shiny); mesotibia in male not excised (vs. deeply excised).

9.2–10.6 mm; width: 4.9 mm.

China: Sichuan Province. Qingchuan County, 13.VII.2013, Jun-Xia Zhang leg. (1 female, MHBU); Wolong Nature Reserve, 18.VII.2013, Yun-Xia Zhang leg. (1 female, MHBU); Wolong, 6–8.VIII.2004, Xiu-Juan Yang & Hui-Ran Hua leg. (2 males, MHBU); Kangding, Pengta, 28.VIII.2005, Fu-Ming Shi leg. (10 males, MHBU); ditto except 29.VIII.2005 (17 males, MHBU); ditto except 30.VIII.2005 (5 males, MHBU); ditto except 31.VIII.2005 (7 males MHBU); ditto except 1.IX.2005 (24 males, MHBU); Yajiang, Decha, 7.IX.2005, Fu-Ming Shi leg. (2 males, MHBU); Jiulong, Hongba, 23.IX.2008, Fu-Ming Shi leg. (1 male, MHBU); ditto except 25.IX.2008 (1 female, MHBU); Kangding, alt. 2624 m, 31.VII.2010, Fu-Ming Shi & Yong-Sheng Pan leg. (1 male, MHBU); Shimian Conty, Liziping, 13.VIII.2010, Fu-Ming Shi leg. (2 males, MHBU); Baoxing Country, Ganyanggou, 30°24'N, 102°38'E, alt. 2000 m, 28.VI.2012, Huang Hao leg. (1 female, SHNU); Shimian Country, Liziping, 28°55'N, 102°13'E, alt. 2600 m, 15.VII.2012, Peng, Dai & Yin leg. (1 female, SHNU)；Shimian Country, Caoke Township, Tuanjie Village, 25.VIII.2016, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg. (1 male, CCLX); Fengtongzhai, Mahuanggou, 30.VII.2016, Cai-Xia Yuan leg. (1 female, MHBU); ditto except 31.VII.2016 (2 males, 2 females, MHBU); Liziping, Zimaping, 31.VII.2016, Cai-Xia Yuan et al. leg. (1 female, MHBU); Kangding, 2500–2700 m, 18.VIII.2014, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (6 males, 9 females, CBWX); Tianquan County, Labahe, 2060 m, 28–30.VII.2007, Liu, Zhang, Zhou & Bi leg. (2 males, 1 female, CBWX); Emeishan, Huayanding, 1914 m, 15.VIII.2011, Hao Huang leg. (1 male, CCCC); Baoxing, Jiajinshan, Mahuanggou, 27.VI.2012, Xiao-Dong Yang leg. (1 male, CCCC); Yunnan Province: Yiliang, Xiaocaoba, 24.VIII.2013, Xun Bian & Guang-Lin Xie leg. (1 male, MHBU); Chongzhou, Jiguanshan, Shaoyaogou, 29.V.2016, Fu-Ming Shi leg. (3 males, 1 female, MHBU); ditto except 31.V.2016 (5 males, MHBU); Shimian, Liziping Protection Station, Gongyihai Station, Liu et al. leg. (1 male, SHEM 24348709); Tianquan County, Labahe, alt. 2100 m, 28–30.VII.2007, Liu et al. leg. (1 female, SHEM24348710); ditto except (1 male, SHEM24348711); ditto except (1 male, SHEM24348712); Shimian Hsien, Liziping N.R., Gongyihai Refuge, 29°01'30.76"N, 102°23'05.11"E, 2056 m, mixed leaf litter, sifted, 25.VII.2016, Zhou, Jiang, Liu & Gao leg. (3 males, 4 females, SHNU); Shimian Hsien, Liziping N.R., Gongyihai-Mamadi, 28°59'24.55"N, 102°24'33.92"E, 2056–2615m, 24.VII.2016, Zhou, Jiang, Liu & Gao leg. (3 males, 2 females, SHNU); Baoxing Hsien, Fengtongzhai N.R., Dashuigou, 30°34'21.95"N, 102°52'54.92"E, 1594 m, 31.VII.2016, Zhou, Jiang, Liu & Gao leg. (1 male, SHNU); Shaanxi Province: Ningshan, Pingheliang, 33.479148N, 108.491827E, alt. 2388m, 15.VIII.2013, Xi-Chao Zhu & Ying Tian leg. (2 males, MHBU); Liuba, Caishenmiao, 33°43'27.0"N, 107°12'11.1"E, alt. 1212m, 17.VIII.2013, Xi-Chao Zhu & Ying Tian leg. (1 female, MHBU).

China: Sichuan. First records from Yunnan and Shaanxi Provinces of China.

Sinocymbachus bimaculatus is most similar to S. humerosus in appearance, sharing two round maculae on each elytron. However, S. bimaculatus differs from S. humerosus by the scutellum (Fig. 7) being distinctly longer than wide (vs. nearly as long as wide); and mesotibial tooth in male placed near apical 1/3 length of tibia (vs. near 1/4 length).

Figure 7. 

Scutellum. A Sinocymbachus bimaculatus B Sinocymbachus humerosus.

8.0–9.7 mm; width: 5.1–5.8 mm.

China: Guizhou Province: Xishui, Dabaitang, 25–29.IX.2000, Guo-Dong Ren leg. (1 female, MHBU); ditto except 30.IX.2000 (1 female, MHBU); Yanhe County, Mayanghe, Maojia Village, 5–12.VI.2007, Feng-Yan Wang leg. (2 females, MHBU); Fenghuangshan Mt., 27°42'N, 106°55'E, alt. 900 m, 6.III.2012, LI Runyu leg. (1 female, SHNU); Libo Hsien, Maolan N.R., 25°16'38"N, 107°55'29"E, mixed leaf litter, sifted, 800 m, 19.VII.2015, Chen, He, Hu, Wang & Zhao leg. (1 male, 1 female, SHNU); Guangxi Province: Shangsi County, Hongqi, 29.XI.2001, Xiu-Juan Yang & Ai-Min Shi leg. (1 female, MHBU); Longsheng County, Huaping, 15.X.2005, Ji-Liang Wang & Chao Gao leg. (1 female, MHBU); Huanjiang County, Yangmeiao Protection Station, 15.VIII.2016, Ling-Xiao Chang leg. (4 males, 1 female, MHBU); Lin’gui Country, Huaping N.R., Anjiangping, alt. 1200 m, 13.VII.2011, He W.-J. & Tang L. leg. (1 female, SHNU); Hechi City, Mulun N.R., 25°8'54"N, 108°2'37"E, mixed leaf litter, sifted, 350–450m, 24.VII.2015, Chen et al. leg. (1 male, 1 female, SHNU); Huanjiang, Jiuwanshan, Yangmeiao, 1200 m, 18.VII.2015, light, Liu & Zhu leg. (1 male, SHEM24344878); Jinxiu, Changtanhe, 860 m, 15.VII.2014, Xiao-Bin Song leg. (1 male, CBWX); Maoershan, Lijiangyuan, 810 m, 28.VII.2014, Xiao-Bin Song leg. (2 females, CBWX); Jinxiu, Houzishan, 960 m, 13.VII.2014, Xiao-Bin Song leg. (1 male, CBWX); Sichuan Province: Luzhou, Huangjing, 20.VII.2002, Ming Bai & Jian-Feng Wang leg. (1 female, MHBU); Hunan Province: Zhangjiajie, Sangzhi, Guandiping, day, 16.VII.2010, Hao Xu leg. (1 male, MHBU); ditto except 28.VII.2010 (6 females, MHBU); Anhua County, Liubu, 16–17.VII.2004, Ji-Liang Wang leg. (1 male, MHBU); Tongdao County, Mujiao, 25.VII.2004, Jiang-Feng Wang & Ji-Liang Wang leg. (1 male, 1 female MHBU); Yongshun County, Xiaoxi, 8.VIII.2004, Ji-Liang Wang leg. (1 male, 1 female, MHBU); Yueyang City, Pingjiang County, Fushoushan, 28°28'N, 113°46'E. 1079 m, 18-26.VII.2016, Jiang-Jiang Liu & Zhou leg. (1 female, SHNU); Dongan County, Damiaokou Town, Shunhuangshan Park, Ehuangxi, 8.X.2015, Chi Jin leg. (CCLX); Zhejiang Province: Quzhou City, Jiangshan County, Shuangxikou, 27°55'02.72"N, 119°11'34.47"E, alt. 496 m, mixed leaf litter, sifted, 12.VIII.2018, Cheng & Miao leg. (1 female, SHNU); Kaihua, Gutianshan, 500–850 m, 21.IV.2013, Xiao-Bin Song leg. (5 males, 5 females, CBWX); Fujian Province: Wuyishan, Taohuayu, 9.VI.2013, Chi Jin & Jie Yang leg. (1 male, MHBU); Jianning, Jinraoshan, 12.VI.1956, Gen-Tao Jin & Yang-Ming Lin leg. (1 female, SHEM24295200); ditto except (1 male, SHEM24295201); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295202); ditto except (1 male, SHEM24295203); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295204); ditto except (1 male, SHEM24295205); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295207); ditto except (1 male, SHEM24295208); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295209); ditto except (1 male, SHEM24295210); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295211); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295212); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295213); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295214); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295216); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295223); ditto except (1 male, SHEM24295226); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295228); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295229); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295199); Nanping City, Mangdangshan Mt., 26°41'51"N, 118°07'00"E, mixed forest, leaf litter, sifted, 400 m, 10.XI.2015, Yan & Tang leg. (1 female, SHNU); Guangdong Prvince: Nanling, 8.V.2008, Hong-Liang Shi leg. (2 males, 1 female, MHBU); Lianxian, Dadongshan, 28.V.1997 Chen Hong leg. (1 female, SYSU En-131910); Lianxian, Dadongshan, 3.IX.1994 Chang-Ping Zhao leg. (1 female, SYSU En-131911); Lianzhou City, Dadongshan, 2.VI.1998 Han Zhang leg. (1 female, SYSU En-131912); Lianxian, Dadongshan, 27.V.1997 Xiao-Xin Zhang leg. (1 female, SYSU En-131913); ditto except Ji Zheng leg. (1 female, SYSU En-131915); ditto except, 28.V.1997 Jian-Hua Li leg. (1 male, SYSU En-131916); Fengkai, Heishiding, 3.VII.1986, Zhen-Ao Chen leg. (1 female, SYSU En-131928); Hainan Province: Ledong Country, Jianfengling, Mingfenggu, 18°44'N, 108°50'E, alt. 950m, 30.IV.2012, PENG & DAI leg. (1 female, SHNU); Qiongzhong Country, Limushan, 1160 m, 4.IV.2016, Ling-Xiao Chang & Xing-Long Bai leg. (1 female, CCLX).

Vietnam: Tonkin. China (new country record): Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Hainan.

The adults were collected by shaking the tree from a large clump of dead wood of Fagaceae plants (Mt. Limushan, Qiongzhong, Hainan) (Fig. 8A, B). The adults and larvae were hand collected from a large pile of dead bamboos (Yangmeiao, Huanjiang, Guangxi) (Fig. 8D, E). The adults and larvae apparently feed together (Fig. 8C). Sinocymbachus bimaculatus is not only most similar to S. humerosus, but both are also sympatric.

Figure 8. 

Habitats of Sinocymbachus bimaculatus A, E adult of S. bimaculatus B large clump of Fagaceae plants at collection site in Hainan, China C clusters of mature larvae, prepupae or pupae of S. bimaculatus, with newly emerged adults, beneath the tree trunk D search for Endomychidae from large pile of dead bamboos in Guangxi, China.

Sinocymbachus decorus is most similar to S. luteomaculatus and S. politus in appearance: elytra in both species have two basal spots and one narrow transverse apical band. However, S. decorus differs from S. luteomaculatus by having a shiny body (vs. body opaque); humeri roundly subcarinate, prominent (vs. weakly prominent); from S. politus by the body without cupreous sheen (vs. with cupreous sheen); two basal elytral maculae arranged in oblique line (vs. spots arranged in horizontal line); mesotibial tooth in male asymmetric (vs. symmetric).

10.4–10.6 mm; width: 5.1–5.5 mm.

China: Yunnan Province: Lincang, Wulaoshan Forest Farm, 23°54'36.4"N, 100°11'04.3"E, alt. 2371 m, 8–10.VII.2009, Ji-Shan Xu & Li-Xiang Zhang leg. (2 females, MHBU); Lincang, Wulaoshan Forest Farm, Qingrengu, 25.VIII.2019 D, Ling-Xiao Chang leg. (1 male, 1 female, CCLX); Yun County, Yongbao Town, Pinghe Reservoir, X.2018, Zi-Chun Xiong leg. (1 male, 1 female, CCLX); Jingdong County, Ailaoshan, 7–9.VIII.2009, Ji-Shan Xu & Zhong-Kun Li leg. (1 male, MHBU); Lushui, Yaojiaping, 2700 m, 21.VI.2010, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (2 males, CBWX); ditto except 2450 m, 4.V.2015 (2 males, 1 female, CBWX); ditto except 13.VIII.2015 (1 male, 1 female, CBWX); ditto except 2450–2700 m, 14.IV.2018 (1 male, 1 female, CBWX); ditto except 2500 m, 15.IX.2018 (1 male, CBWX); Lushui, Pianma, Gangfang, 2100 m, 7.VI.2015, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (1 male, CBWX); Dayao County, Santai Town, Xiaobaicaoling, 2980 m, 29–30.V.2013, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (1 female, CBWX); Nanjian Sheyaojing, 2450 m, 11.VII.2017 em VII.21, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (1 female, CBWX); Tengchong, Houqiao, Heinitang, 11–14.IX.2018, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (2 females, CBWX); Gongshan, Shaunglawa, 1650 m, 17.VI.2015, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (1 female, CBWX).

China: Yunnan.

The adults were collected from dead leaves of Fagaceae plants by shaking the tree (Mt. Wulaoshan, Lincang, Yunnan).

Sinocymbachus excisipes can be separated from all its congeners by having the intercoxal process of mesoventrite with large tubercle instead of short medina ridge at base; ventrite 5 with posterior margin abruptly projecting medially in male. Furthermore, the basal and apical elytral maculae varied in different specimens - they may be composed of 2–4 small spots, or form transverse bands with strong dentations/projections (Fig. 9).

Figure 9. 

Variation in elytral maculae of Sinocymbachus excisipes. A general morph B–F variants morphs.

9.5–10.9 mm; width：6.0–6.2 mm.

China: Zhejiang Province. Tianmushan, 370–1100 m, 5.VIII.1962, Gen-Tao Jin leg. (1 female, SHEM 24343460); Longquan, Fengyangshan, 1926 m, 29.VI.2015, Liu et al. leg. (1 male, SHEM 24345681); Tianmushan, 11–14.VIII.1987, Wu Wu leg. (1 female, SYSU En-096206); Linan, Xitianmushan, 1100 m, 1–9.VII.2006, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (1 male, 1 female, CBWX); ditto except 29.VI–1.VII.2007 (1 male, CBWX); ditto except 1100–1050 m, 14.VII.2016 (3 males, 3 females, CBWX); ditto except 10-16.VII.2018 (48 males, 24 females, CBWX); Hunan Province: Sangzhi County, near Tianpingshan Control Station, 15.IX.2015, Chi Jin leg. (1 male, CCLX); Yichang City, Wufeng Hsien, Houhe N. R., 3.VIII.2013, Hao Huang leg. (1 female, SHNU); Chongqing Province: Qianjiang District, Shuishicun, 8.VII.2011, Qiang Guo leg. (1 male, MHBU); Guizhou Province: Daozhen, Dashahe, 24.VIII.2004, Fu-Ming Shi leg. (1 female, MHBU); Sichuan Province: Emeishan, alt. 890 m, 28.VI.2009, Yu-Ting Chen leg. (2 females, MHBU); Emeishan, Leiyinsi, 11.VIII.2011, Fu-Ming Shi & Le-Hong Zhao leg. (1 male, MHBU); Eemeishan, Xixinsuo, 1400 m, 28.VI.2018, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (1 female, CBWX); Wolong, 6–8.VIII.2004, Xiu-Juan Yang & Hui-Ran Hua leg. (3 males, 3 females, MHBU); Dujiangyan, Qingchengshan, 11–12.VIII.2004, Xiu-Juan Yang & Hui-Ran Hua leg. (1 female, MHBU); Guangxi Province: Jinxiu, Dayaoshan, Pingbanshan, 1150 m, 18.VII.2016, Jin-Teng Zhao leg. (2 females, CBWX); Fujian Province: Wuyishan, 541 m, VI.2018, leg. Zhu-Qing He (1 male, CBWX).

China: Sichuan, Hubei. First records from Zhejiang, Hunan, Chongqing, Guizhou, and Guangxi Provinces of China.

Sinocymbachus humerosus is most similar to S. bimaculatus in sharing two round maculae on each elytron. However, S. humerosus differs from S. bimaculatus by having the scutellum (Fig. 7) nearly as long as wide (vs. distinctly longer than wide); and mesotibial tooth in male placed near apical 1/4 of tibial length (vs. near 1/3).

8.4–8.9 mm; width: 4.7–5.3 mm.

China: Zhejiang Province: Linan, Dajingwu, 9.VI.2012, Ling-Xiao Chang leg. (1 male, MHBU); Suichang County, Jiulongshan Reserve, Yanping, alt. 700–800 m, 12.X.2008, Jun-Hao Huang leg. (3 males, 3 females, MHBU); Longquan, Fengyangshan, 19.VII.2012, Guang-Lin Xie & Xin Wang leg. (1 male, 4 females MHBU); Tianmushan, Dahenglu, 14.VII.2012, Guang-Lin Xie leg. (1 female, MHBU); Longquan, Fengyangshan, 25.VII–1.VIII.2007, Hao-Yu LIU & Zhen-Hua Gao leg. (1 male, MHBU); Lin’an City, Mt. East Tianmushan, alt. 1050–1150 m, 13.IV.2011, Peng & Zhu leg. (1 female, SHNU); Longquan, Fengyangshan, 1250 m, 17.V.2007, Bao-Feng Zhou & Lei Wang leg. (1 female, SHEM24295628); Xitianmushan, 300–600 m, 2.VI.2016, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (1 female, CBWX); ditto except 450 m, 4.VII.2016 (1 male, CBWX); ditto except 1300 m, 26.VII.2016 (10 males, 9 females, CBWX); ditto except 350 m, 11.VIII.2016, (1 female, CBWX); ditto except 450–350 m, 17.VI.2014 (5 males, 6 females, CBWX); ditto except 350 m, 23.VI.2014 (2 females, CBWX); Tianmushan, 1100 m, 2.V.2005, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (1 female, CBWX); Anji County, Longwangshan, Shenxi, 250–550 m, 22–26.IV.2006, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (1 female, CBWX); ditto except 350 m, 7–11.VI.2012 (1 male, CBWX); Longquan, Fengyangshan, Fengyanghu, 1560 m, 5.X.2013, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (1 female, CBWX); Changhua, Qingliangfeng, 950 m, 13–17.VI.2014, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (1 female, CBWX); Kaihua, Gutianshan, 500–850 m, 21.VI.2013, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (7 males, 7 females, CBWX); Jiangxi Province: Longnan, Jiulianshan, 23.VII.2008, Fu-Ming Shi & Ming Qiu (1 female, MHBU); Ji’an City, Jinggangshan, Longtan, 26°35'47"N, 114°08'25"E, mixed forest, shrub, flower sweeping & beating, 760–920 m, 29.VII.2014, Chen, Hu, Lv & Yu leg. (1 female, SHNU); Guangxi Province: Longsheng, Huaping, 6.VI.1963, Si-Kong Liu leg. (1 female, IZCAS); Lingui, Huaping, 500 m, 30.V.2010, Zheng Li leg. (1 male, 3 females, CBWX); Damingshan, 27.V.2011, Qing Zhang & Hai-Ling Wang leg. (1 male, 1 female, MHBU); Jinxiu, 6K, 24°9'19"N, 110°12'22"E, alt. 1155 m, 8.III.2016, Yu-Yang Lei leg. (4 males, 2 females, CCLX); Fangchenggang, Shiwandashan Reserve, 29.VI.2015, Zhi-Lin Chen leg. (5 males, 2 females, MHBU); Rongshui, Jiuwanshan, 24.VII.2015 N, Ling-Xiao Chang leg. (1 male, 1 female, CCLX); Jinxiu, 1155 m, Yu-Yang Lei leg. (4 males, 2 females, CCLX); Jinxiu, Changtanhe, 860 m, 15.VII.2015, Xiao-Bin Song leg. (1 male, 1 female, CBWX); Jinxiu, Houzishan, 960 m, 13.VII.2014, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (1 male, CBWX); Maoershan, Manjiangyuan, 810 m, 28.VII.2014, Xiao-Bin Song leg. (1 female, CBWX); Shanglin, Xiyan Town, 29.IV.2017, Yan-Quan Lu leg. (1 male, 3 females, CCCC); Yunnan Province: Bannan, Menglun, X.2014, Xiao-Yu Zhu leg. (1 female, MHBU); Hunan Province: Tongdao County, Mujiao Township, 25.VII.2004, Jian-Feng Wang & Ji-Liang Wang leg. (5 males, MHBU); Dongan County, Shunhuangshan, 3.X.2004, Jian-Hua Huang leg. (1 male, MHBU); Dongan County, Damiaokou Town, Shunhuangshan Park, 9.X.2015, Chi Jin leg. (2 females CCLX); Suining County, Huangsangping Town, Hongjun Road, 22.IX.2015 Chi Jin leg. (1 female, CCLX); Dao County, Qingtang Township, Laozhongping Village, Yueyan Forest Farm, 30.IX.2015, Chi Jin leg. (1 female, MHBU); Guizhou Province: Jiangkou, Heiwan, 3.VIII.2011, Guo-Dong Ren leg. (1 male, MHBU); Libo, Maolan, 21.VII.2015, Chi Jin leg. (1 female, CCLX); Guangdong Province: Nanling, 8.V.2008, Xiao-Yu Zhu leg. (1 female, MHBU); Nanling, V-VIII.2008, Hong-Liang Shi leg. (2 females, MHBU); Nanling, 18.VIII.2010, Hao-Yu Liu leg. (1 female, MHBU); Fengkai, Heishiding, 12.X.1984, Zhen-Ao Chen leg. (1 female, SYSU En-131937); ditto except 9.X.1984, Zhi-Hong Zhou leg. (1 male, SYSU En-131939); ditto except 17.X.1984, Han-Chuan Hu leg. (1 male, SYSU En-131940); Hainan Province: Wanning, Diaoluoshan, 17–18.XI.2006, Guo-Dong Ren leg. (2 males, 2 females, MHBU); Jiangfengling, alt. 950 m, 15.IV.2010, Xiao-Yu Zhu leg. (1 female, MHBU); Yinggeling, Hongxin Village, 11–13.V.2011, Xiao-Qing Yang & Lin-Fei Wang leg. (2 females, MHBU); Ledong, Jianfengling, 16.XI.2006, Li-Zhen Li leg. (1 female, SHNU); Bawangling, 15.XI.1964, Zhen-Yao Chen leg. (1 female, SYSU); Baisha, Yinggezui Protection Station, 678 m, Guo Zheng leg. (1 female, CCLX); Qiongzhong, Limushan, 1160 m, 4.IV.2016, Ling-Xiao Chang & Xing-Long Bai leg. (2 females, CCLX); Jianfengling, Mingfenggu, 983 m, 29.IV.2014, Chao Wu leg. (1 male, 1 fenale, CBWX); Ledong, Jianfengling, 16.XI.2006, Li-Zhen Li leg. (1 female, SHNU); Jianfengling, Mingfenggu, 950–1000 m, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (2 males, 2 females, CBWX); Fujian Province: Jianning, Jinraoshan, 12.VI.1956, Gen-Tao Jin & Yang-Ming Lin leg. (1 female, SHEM24295206); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295215); ditto except (1 male, SHEM24295220); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295221); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295222); ditto except (1 male, SHEM24295227); Daan, 3.VI.1956, Gen-Tao Jin & Yang-Ming Lin leg. (1 male, SHEM24295230); ditto except (1 female, SHEM24295231); Wuyishan, Taoyuanyu, 6.VIII.2016, Hai-Tian Song leg. (1 male, CCLX); Taiwan Province: Taoyuan, Tengzhi, 18.III.1997, Wen-Yi Zhou leg. (1 female, MHBU); Pingdong, Wutai Country, alt. 1450 m, 15.IV.2011, Wen-Yi Zhou leg. (1 female, MHBU); Pingdong, Dahanshan, 25.XII.2007, Chang-Chin Chen leg. (1 male, 1 female, MHBU).

China: Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan and Taiwan. First records from Zhejing, Hunan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou Provinces of China.

The anterior elytral macula is transverse with anterior margin distinctly emarginate in specimens from Taiwan, China (Fig. 10B).

Figure 10. 

Variation in elytral maculae of Sinocymbachus humerosus. A specimen from mainland China B specimen from Taiwan.

Sinocymbachus koreanus can be separated from all its congeners by having the body very short, nearly circular, strongly converging from 1/2 length of elytron to apex; each elytron with four small round spots, two basal spots located posterior to humerus and arranged in a slightly oblique line, and two apical spots located in apical ¼ length, arranged nearly horizontally.

7.5–7.9 mm. Width: 5.1–55 mm.

This species was originally described in the geuns Cymbachus Gerstaecker, 1857. However, the following characters of this species match the definition of Sinocymbachus proposed by Strohecker & Chûjô (1970): mesotibiae sexually dimorphic, toothed on inner edge in male, simple in female (Chûjô and Lee 1993); aedeagus complicated, trilobed (Chûjô and Lee 1993; Boo 2013). Therefore, Cymbachus koreanus Chûjô & Lee, 1993 is transferred to Sinocymbachus.

South Korea.

Based on Strohecker & Chûjô (1970), Sinocymbachus luteomaculatus can be separated from all its congeners by having the basal and apical elytral maculae briefly undulately fasciate, but in one specimen examined by the author base of elytron is composed of two spots (Fig. 18F), this elytral pattern is most similar to S. decorus and S. politus by sharing two basal spots and one narrow transverse apical macula on each elytron. However, S. luteomaculatus differs from S. decorus by having an opaque body (vs. shiny) and humeri weakly prominent (vs. distinctly prominent); from S. politus by the elytra distinctly more elongate (vs. not elongate); two basal elytral maculae arranged in an oblique line (vs. arranged in a horizontal line); mesotibial tooth in male asymmetric (vs. symmetric).

9.6–10.7 mm; width: 5.2–5.5 mm.

China: Yunnan Province: Zhanyi County, Zhujiangyuan, alt. 2100 m, 18.VII.2010, Ji-Shan Xu & Zhong-Kun Li leg. (1 male, 2 females, MHBU).

China: Yunnan.

Although few specimens only were available for this work, basal elytral maculae briefly undulately fasciate and the shape of the aedeagus were enough to determine they are the same species (Fig. 17F).

Sinocymbachus parvimaculatus can be separated from all its congeners by having the body very short, nearly circular and each elytron possessing two small round spots placed on the mid-line of each elytron.

7.7 mm–8.5 mm; width: 5.6 mm.

China: Yunnan Province: Nanjian, Sheyaojing, 2150–2300 m, 11.VII.2017, Wen-Xuan Bi & Yu-Tang Wang leg. (1 male, CBWX); Weishan, Weibaoshan, 2200 m 5.VII.2017, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (1 female, CBWX); Weishan, Weibaoshan, 2300 m, 9.VII.2017, Wen-Xuan Bi leg. (1 female, CBWX); Eshan Country, alt. 1688 m, 28.VII.2009, Ji-Shan Xu & Li-Xiang Zhang leg. (1 female, MHBU); Shizong Country, Junzishan, 16.VII.2006, Jun-Tong Lang & Yu-Xia Yang leg. (1 female, MHBU); Lincang City, 1900 m, IV. 2016, Zi-Chun Xiong leg. (1 female, CCLX).

Length 7.8 mm. Body short oval, approximately 1.5 times as long as wide; strongly convex; smooth. Colour black with four orange round spots on elytra.

Head. Antenna composed of 11 antennomeres, rather stout, extending to ca. 1/2 body length, with antennomeres 1–8 distinctly longer than wide; scape 4.0 times as long as pedicel; antennomere 3 as long as antennomeres 4 and 5 combined; antennomere 4 as long as antennomere 5; antennomeres 5–8 gradually shorter; club composed of three antennomeres, wide, approximately 3.0 times as wide as antennomere 8, moderately flat, rather loose.

Thorax. Pronotum 1.5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide; widest at base; moderately coarsely and rather densely punctate; lateral and anterior margins narrowly bordered; anterior edge with moderately large stridulatory membrane; sides weakly undulate; anterior angles produced, bluntly rounded; posterior angles moderately acutely produced; disc weakly convex; median furrow absent; lateral sulci very short and deep, in form of triangular dent; basal sulcus curved, moderately deep. Prosternal process moderately widely separating procoxae; sides curved outwardly near apex, forked apically, not extending beyond front coxae. Mesoventral process nearly pentagonal, as long as wide, with short median ridge near basal 1/4. Elytra 5.9 mm long, 5.3 mm wide; 3.9 times as long as pronotum; 1.5 times as wide as pronotum; punctures as large as the pronotal ones, more dense; sides strongly curved, widest near 1/2 length of elytron; humeri weakly prominent. Each elytron with two round maculae: anterior macula located near basal 1/5, posterior macula located at apical 1/3, and all these maculae placed in mid-line of elytron; outer and inner margins of macula very distant from elytral lateral margin and suture. Mesotibia with small sharp tooth near apical 1/4 on inner edge, then with deep, small, U-shaped excision. Pro- and metatibiae simple.

Abdomen. Ventrite 1 longer than 2 and 3 combined; ventrites 2–4 subequal in length. Ventrite 5 with lateral margins gradually converging posteriorly; posterior margin broadly rounded medially. Aedeagus (Fig. 18) short and stout, heavily sclerotised, curved. Median lobe with two short branches, simple, acute apically. Tegmen basal, ring-shaped.

China: Yunnan.

Based on Strohecker & Chûjô (1970), S. politus is most similar to S. decorus and S. luteomaculatus in appearance: both species share the elytra with two basal spots and one narrow transverse apical band. However, the body with cupreous sheen, two basal elytral maculae arranged in horizontal line and mesotibial tooth in male symmetric can separate it from all these similar species.

9.3 mm.

China: Taiwan.

The diagnosis of S. politus is based on its original description of Strohecker & Chûjô (1970) due to a lack of material for study.

Sinocymbachus quadrimaculatus differs from all its congeners in having each elytron with four small round spots, two basal spots located posterior to humerus and arranged horizontally, and two apical spots located in apical ¼ length, arranged in oblique line.

14.0–16.2 mm; width: 8.4–8.5 mm.

China. Zhejiang Province: Jiangshan City, Hongyanding, 11.VIII.2016, Yi-Bin Ba & Ling-Xiao Chang leg. (1male, 1 female, MHBU); Guangxi Province: Jinxiu, Changtong, Dayaoshan, 23.V.2019, Chun-Fu Feng leg. (4 males, 6 females, CCLX); Xingan, Huanjiang, 5.VII.2006 (1 male, CCLX); Jinxiu, Yinshan Protection Station, 1200 m, 9.VII.2014, Xiao-Bin Song leg. (1 female, CBWX); Laibin, Jinxiu, Dayaoshan, 1017 m, 16.V.2015, Yan-Quan Lu leg. (1 male, 1 female, CCCC); Hunan Province: Tongdao County, Mujiao Township, 26.VII.2004, Ji-Liang Wang leg. (2 males, 2 females, MHBU); Sangzhi County, near Tianpingshan Control Station, 15.IX.2015, Chi Jin leg. (1 male, CCLX); Hainan Province: Bawangling, 9.VII.2006, Ji-Liang Wang & Chao Gao leg. (1 male, 5 females, MHBU); Wuzhishan, 750 m, 15.X.2014, Chao Wu leg. (1 female, CBWX); Fujian Province: Ningde, Nanjiao, Houshancun, 200–300 m, 3–5.X.2012, De-Yao Zhou leg. (1 male, 1 female, CBWX).

Vietnam: Tonkin; China: Fujian. First records from Zhejiang, Guangxi, Hunan and Hainan Provinces of China.

Some live or fresh specimens from Zhejiang or Fujian were observed with the elytral maculae pink in colouration (Fig. 11), which gradually turned yellow after drying. However, elytral maculae in the specimens collected from Hainan are always yellow.

Figure 11. 

Live adult of Sinocymbachus quadrimaculatus from Zhejiang, China.

Figure 12. 

Left antenna of Sinocymbachus spp. (dorsal view) A S. angustefasciatus B S. bimaculatus C S. decorus D S. excisipes E S. humerosus F S. luteomaculatus G S. parvimaculatus H S. quadrimaculatus.

Figure 13. 

Pronotum of Sinocymbachus spp. A S. angustefasciatus B S. bimaculatus C S. decorus D S. excisipes E S. humerosus F S. luteomaculatus G S. parvimaculatus H S. quadrimaculatus.

Figure 14. 

Meso- and metaventrite of Sinocymbachus spp A S. angustefasciatus B S. bimaculatus C S. decorus D S. excisipes E S. humerosus F S. luteomaculatus G S. parvimaculatus H S. quadrimaculatus.

Figure 15. 

Male mesotibiae of Sinocymbachus spp A S. angustefasciatus B S. bimaculatus C S. decorus D S. excisipes E S. humerosus F S. luteomaculatus G S. parvimaculatus H S. quadrimaculatus. 1 left 2 right.

Figure 16. 

Male abdomen of Sinocymbachus spp A S. angustefasciatus B S. bimaculatus C S. decorus D S. excisipes E S. humerosus F S. luteomaculatus G S. parvimaculatus H S. quadrimaculatus.

Figure 17. 

Aedeagus of Sinocymbachus spp A S. angustefasciatus B S. bimaculatus C S. decorus D S. excisipes E S. humerosus F S. luteomaculatus G S. parvimaculatus H S. quadrimaculatus. 1 ventral view 2 lateral view.

Figure 18. 

Habitus of Sinocymbachus spp. (males) A S. angustefasciatus B S. bimaculatus C S. decorus D S. excisipes E S. humerosus F S. luteomaculatus G S. parvimaculatus H S. quadrimaculatus. Scale bar: 2 mm.

Based on Strohecker and Chûjô (1970), S. quadriundulatus close to S. angustefasciatus, S. fanjingshanensis sp. nov., S. longipennis sp. nov. and S. wangyinjiei sp. nov. by the similar elytral patterns. But can be readily distinguished from them by the mesotibiae of male with symmetric tooth.

7.5–8.5 mm.

China: Taiwan.