Research Article
Print
Research Article
New data on species diversity of Annelida (Oligochaeta, Hirudinea) in the Kharbey lakes system, Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Russia)
expand article infoMaria A. Baturina‡, Irina A. Kaygorodova§, Olga A. Loskutova‡
‡ Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
§ Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia

Corresponding author: Irina A. Kaygorodova ( irina@lin.irk.ru )

Academic editor: Samuel James
© 2020 Maria A. Baturina, Irina A. Kaygorodova, Olga A. Loskutova.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Baturina MA, Kaygorodova IA, Loskutova OA (2020) New data on species diversity of Annelida (Oligochaeta, Hirudinea) in the Kharbey lakes system, Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Russia). ZooKeys 910: 43-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.910.48486
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:04ABDDCC-3E6C-49A5-91CF-8F3174C74A1E
Open Access

Abstract

One of the features of the tundra zone is the diversity of freshwater bodies, where, among benthic invertebrates, representatives of Annelida are the most significant component in terms of ecological and species diversity. The oligochaete and leech faunas have previously been studied in two of the three largest lake ecosystems of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra (the Vashutkiny Lakes system, Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin). This article provides current data on annelid fauna from the third lake ecosystem in the region, Kharbey Lakes and adjacent water bodies. The annelid fauna includes 68 species, including 51 oligochaete species, and 17 species of leeches. For each species, we give information on currently recognised classification, taxonomic synonymy, geographical distribution, findings of the species within the Russian tundra, and brief ecological characteristics.

Keywords

Annelid biodiversity, lakes, leeches, northwest Russia, oligochaetes, tundra

Introduction

The tundra covers an area of approximately 15 % of the entire territory of Russia, along the entire coast of the Arctic Ocean, from the Finland border in the west to the Bering Strait in the east. Bolshezemelskaya tundra is a vast plain with an area of 1,660 km2 located between the Pechora and Usa rivers (in the west and south) and the Ural Mountains in the east, adjacent to the Barents Sea in the north. Hills with prevailing heights of 100–150 m and moraine ridges of up to 250 m high characterises its relief. The main part of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra is occupied by permafrost. Here, peat bog and silt-marsh soil types prevail; in the south, there are weakly podzol-gley soils. The climate is subarctic, with long cold winters and short cool summers. Many rivers which are tributaries of the Pechora and Usa flow through the plain. The main watershed is located in its central part, with the largest lakes systems in the east of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra: the Vashutkiny, Padimeyskiye, Kharbey Lakes and the other lakes of the Korotaikha River basin.

In this study, we focused on the waters of the Kharbey system, the main element of which is Bolshoy Kharbey Lake, located in the headwaters of the River Kharbeytyvis, the right tributary of the Seyda River. In addition, this system includes the lakes Golovka and Maliy Kharbey. The larger lakes are interconnected by natural channels and are surrounded by numerous shallow adjacent lakes and have a glacial origin. The Bolshoy Kharbey is the largest lake of the system (Vinberg and Vlasova 1976); its area is 21 km2, and depth is up to 18 m (70% of the lake has a depth of 1-6 m). The shoreline of the lake is indented, forming bays and gulfs. The lakeshore habitats are dry, mostly low, and peaty in some places. Bottom sediments in littoral habitats are pebble-boulder or sandy, in deeper water, the sandy substrate is covered with silt. There are many temporary water bodies in the catchment area of the Kharbey lakes. To the west of the Kharbey lakes, there is Lake Syattey-ty, which consists of two connected reservoirs (Fig. 1). The area of the larger lake, Bolshoy Syattey-ty, is 7.4 km2; the catchment area is 66.2 km2. Gradually-sloping shores located near numerous small lakes are overgrown with sedge and willow; depth of these smaller lakes is 3.2-7.4 m; bottom sediments are mostly sandy and sometimes silty.

The first studies of the Kharbey system were carried out in 1965–1972 in order to evaluate the productivity and environmental features of lakes (Vinberg and Vlasova 1976). In these lakes, as in other lake systems of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, a diverse and unique flora and fauna was described. However, there are no data on the species composition of annelids. Later, Zaloznyj (1978) found six species of leeches in this lake. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, complex studies of the ecosystem state, including the structural characteristics of benthic and plankton communities, were conducted in the Kharbey lakes, and these studies provided data on the faunal composition of various taxonomic groups, including Annelida (Fefilova et al. 2014, Baturina et al. 2014a).

The aim of this study is to further investigate the annelid species diversity and spatial distribution in the Kharbey Lakes system, as one of the largest systems of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, combining the available literature data with new information about the Annelida fauna.

Figure 1. 

Geographical location of the study region. (A) The map of Russia showing location of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Bt). The numbers indicate the major studied systems of tundra lakes: 1 – the Kharbey lake system, 2 – the Padimeyskiye lake system, 3 – Lake Ambarty, 4 – the Vashutkiny lake system; 5 – Lakes of the Pechora River Delta; 6 – lakes of the More-yu River basin (lower reaches); 7 – lakes of the More-yu River basin (upper reaches); 8 – lakes of central part of Bt; 9 – Lake Ngosovey. (B) Insert showing the Kharbey Lake system: K1, K2, D1, D2, and L are small lakes adjacent to Lake Bolshoy Kharbey.

Materials and methods

Previously published information and an extensive collection of new specimens from fresh water bodies of the Kharbey Lake area collected by M. Baturina and O. Loskutova in 1998-99, 2009, 2010, and 2012 were used in this study. Within this study, the following water bodies of the Kharbey lakes system (Bolshezemelskaya tundra) were investigated: Lake Bolshoy Kharbey, Lake Golovka, and some unnamed smaller lakes adjacent to Lake Bolshoy Kharbey, arbitrarily identified as K1, K2, L, D1, and D2 (Fig. 1B). Additionally, 41 small temporary habitats (including swamps, depressions, and ponds), located within the catchment area of B. Kharbey, were investigated. In 2014, hydrobiological material was collected in Lake Syattey-ty (Bolshezemelskaya tundra) and small water bodies in its watershed. Main sampling locations are shown in Fig. 1.

Oligochaete samples were taken with a Petersen grab (sampling area 400 cm2) on soft substrates and with a handle blade trawl (Zinchenko et al. 2014) on gravel substrates. Since the common hydrobiological equipment (sweep net, dredge, scraper, bottom grab, etc.) is often ineffective in collecting parasitic and predatory leeches, we inspected various aquatic plants and animals, as well as submerged objects (rotten wood, driftwood, snags, stones, etc.) for attached hirudinids. Some leeches were picked out from zoobenthic samples. In most cases, piscivorous leeches were collected directly from captured living hosts.

Newly collected specimens were fixed and kept in 80% ethanol solution. Morphological analysis was performed using a stereomicroscope MSP-2 var. 2 (LOMO) and compound microscope Leica DM 4000. The worm species determinations were based on existing taxonomic keys (Chekanovskaya 1962; Lukin 1976; Nesemann and Neubert 1999; Timm 2009) in accordance with the present-day classification of each group. As to names of higher oligochaete taxa, there is still no unanimous opinion; therefore, we left them as in Timm (2009). Voucher specimens were deposited at the Institute of Biology, Syktyvkar (Oligochaeta) and Limnological Institute, Irkutsk (Acanthobdellida and Hirudinea).

Data resources

The data underpinning the analysis reported in this paper are deposited at GBIF, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and are available at https://doi.org/10.15468/b24asb.

Results

This research describes the Annelida fauna of one of the largest lakes systems of Bolshezemelskaya tundra, Kharbey lakes. We show a list of oligochaete species (Oligochaeta), leeches (Hirudinea) and leech-like parasites (Acanthobdellida) for various types of water bodies of the Kharbey lakes system and the nearby Syattey-ty lakes system, and revise taxonomic and nomenclatural changes since the last fauna surveys in the lakes of Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Finogenova 1962, 1966; Lukin 1962, 1966; Zaloznyj 1978; Popchenko 1978, 1988).

The Oligochaeta fauna of tundra water bodies is considered to be significantly poorer in comparison with the nearby northern areas, such as the Kola Peninsula (Jakovlev 1982; Popchenko 1988). The main components of the fauna were cosmopolitan species or species that are widespread in the Palaearctic or Holarctic zoogeographic regions. Fifty-one oligochaete species were found in Lake Bolshoy Kharbey, its accessory water bodies and temporary watersheds; 15 of these were not previously observed in the systems of large lakes of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, such as Vashutkiny and Ambarty. However, the overlap of the oligochaete species composition in all three lakes systems was more than 50%. Despite this taxonomic diversity, the list of known widespread species is relatively short in most water bodies of the Kharbey Lakes system: there were only three species (Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller), Tubifex tubifex (Müller) and Spirosperma ferox Eisen) recorded in the bulk of the studied water bodies, and 33 species were only observed once.

Oligochaete worms dominated the total numbers and biomass of zoobenthos at different depths on all the studied sediment types in the Kharbey system. The average abundance of oligochaetes showed the highest values in the upper and lower littoral zones (0–3–6 m), whereas on silts in the profundal zone (depths 6–9 m, max 18 m), the average abundance of the group was half as great. In most biotopes, S. ferox and T. tubifex were among the dominant species. On the gravel-pebble substrates of the littoral zone, subdominants included Nais barbata Müller, Uncinais uncinata (Øersted), Tubificinae gen. sp. juv., and Enchytraeidae gen. sp. juv.; the same species were also dominant on sandy sediment, along with Cognettia glandulosa (Michaelsen), L. variegatus and Piguetiella blanci (Piguet). On clayey substrate of the littoral and sublittoral zones, there was a group of minor species: Chaetogaster diaphanus (Gruithuisen), Nais alpina Sperber, Nais bretscheri Michaelsen, Nais pseudobtusa Piguet, U. uncinata, S. ferox and Lophochaeta ignota (Štolc), Enchytraeidae gen. sp. juv.; on profundal silts were N. pseudobtusa and Vejdovskyella comata (Vejdovský).

The species distribution of oligochaetes in lakes is usually determined by the substrate (O’Toole et al. 2008) and the oxygen regime (Timm 1987). At the same time, high diversity of naidids is probably associated with the variety of sediments and aeration in the littoral zone; as opposed to the profundal zone, where the dominants are tubificines. The complex of species S. ferox – T. tubifex, typical for the profundal zone of the most lakes, varies among the lakes under study: S. ferox remains the dominant species in the littoral and sublittoral zones, and T. tubifex descends to the less aerated deep-water zone, consistent with previous observations for small oligotrophic profundal lakes (Timm 1987).

The leech and leech-like taxonomic diversity includes 17 species belonging to three orders (Acanthobdellida Grube, Rhynchobdellida Blanchard and Arhynchobdellida Blanchard), five families (Arhynchobdellidae Grube, Glossiphoniidae Vaillant, Piscicolidae Johnston, Erpobdellidae Blanchard and Haemopidae (Richardson)), and nine genera (Acanthobdella Grube, Glossiphonia Johnston, Helobdella Blanchard, Hemiclepsis Vejdovský, Theromyzon Philippi, Piscicola de Blainville, Cystobranchus Diesing, Erpobdella de Blainville, and Haemopis (Savigny)). We collected only three of the five leech species recorded by Zaloznyj (1978) in the Kharbey lakes: Glossiphonia complanata (Linnaeus), Glossiphonia concolor (Apathy), and Piscicola geometra (Linnaeus). Of the newly recorded species, the tundra piscine parasite P. geometra has a specific segmentally repeated geometrical pattern of greenish-brown pigment on the dorsal side, but smaller body size dimensions in comparison with typical representatives of the species. Moreover, the new checklist includes 5 species (Acanthobdella peledina Grube, Theromyzon tessulatum (Müller), Piscicola sp., Erpobdella monostriata (Lindenfeld et Pietruszynski), and Erpobdella sp.) recorded for the first time for the Kharbey system. Among these, there are two potentially new species (Erpobdella sp. and Piscicola sp.), which differ from published descriptions. At the same time, eight species noted by previous authors (Lukin 1976; Zaloznyj 1978) from the Kharbey lakes – Glossiphonia verrucata (Müller), Hemiclepsis marginata (Müller), Helobdella stagnalis (Linnaeus), Theromyzon maculosum (Rathke), Erpobdella octoculata (Linnaeus), Erpobdella nigricollis (Brandes), Erpobdella testacea (Savigny), and Haemopis sanguisuga (Linnaeus) – were not found in our samples, although they may, supposedly, live there as noted by previous authors (Lukin 1976; Zaloznyj 1978). The burbot leech Cystobranchus mammillatus Malm, which we found in the Pechora River, is quite likely to be present in the Kharbey system. Despite earlier records listing two macrophagous leeches, E. octoculata and E. nigricollis, as the most numerous species (Lukin 1976), our samples did not contain these species. Although we did not find E. testacea, similar leeches, corresponding to E. monostriata in recent taxonomic revisions (Agapow and Bielecki 1992; Nesemann and Neubert 1999; Utevsky et al. 2015), were numerous numerous in Lake Bolshoy Kharbey and small lakes. Despite having a wide distribution range, G. verrucata, which is quite sensitive to habitat quality, has seemingly become too scarce in Western Europe; and we did not find this species in the northwestern part of Russia. The absence of the two most common Palaearctic species, H. stagnalis and H. marginata, in our samples from Kharbey lakes is very strange and unexpected. These findings can probably be attributed to sampling methods that were not focused on leeches. The “large false horse” leech H. sanguisuga is especially difficult to find since it often leaves water and lays its cocoons in moist soil near the shore (up to a vertical 2-3 cm above the water surface) (Nesemann and Neubert 1999). The presence of the waterfowl parasite T. maculosum in the Kharbey area was highly expected due to its previous findings in different lakes of the Komi region (Lukin 1957, 1962), although this discrepancy could be due to prior misidentifications.

Information on exact systematic position, geographical distribution and brief ecological characteristics for each Annelida species is given in the list below.

Systematics

Phylum Annelida Lamarck, 1809

Class Clitellata Michaelsen, 1919

Subclass Oligochaeta Grube, 1850
Order Tubificida Brinkhurst, 1982
Family Naididae Ehrenberg, 1828
Subfamily Naidinae Ehrenberg, 1828
Genus: Amphichaeta Tauber, 1879

Amphichaeta leydigi Tauber, 1879

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region, coast of the White Sea (Timm and Abarenkov 2018).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°32'48.3"N, 62°53'49.7"E; 67°34'34.3"N; 62°52'17.4"E).

Ecology

The species was recorded on clay, silted sand, large pebbles, often in moss and algal cover (depth 0.8 m, maximum up to 5.2 m).

Genus Arcteonais Piguet, 1928

Arcteonais lomondi (Martin, 1907).

Stylaria lomondi Martin, 1907

Stylaria brevirostris Wolf, 1928

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Timm and Popchenko 1978), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'0.6"N, 62°55'28.6"E).

Ecology

The species was recorded on silt or silted sand (depth 6.2–7.5 m).

Genus Bratislavia Košel, 1976

Bratislavia palmeni (Munsterhjelm, 1905).

Naidium palmeni Munsterhjelm, 1905

Pristina elegans Finogenova, 1966

Pristina napocensis Pop, 1973

Geographic distribution

Europe. In the Russian tundra: Lake Balban-ty (Finogenova 1966).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°31'49.9"N, 62°52'40.1"E), temporary pond near Kharbey (67°58'N, 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

The species lives in lake on clayey sediment (at a depth of up to 5.8 m), and temporary ponds within wetlands.

Genus Chaetogaster Baer, 1827

Chaetogaster diaphanus (Gruithuisen, 1828)

Nais diaphanus Gruithuisen, 1828

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Finogenova 1975; Timm and Popchenko 1978), the Solovetsky Islands (Popchenko 1972), Vaygach Island (Leshko et al. 2008), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the Kara River basin, lakes in the More-yu River basin, Lake Bolshoy Ngosovey (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), the Ob River delta (Timm and Abarenkov 2018), the northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2016).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E; 67°33'48.2"N, 62°55'2.6"E; 67°32'49.4"N, 62°53'6.6"E; 67°31'49.9"N, 62°52'40.1"E); Lake L (67°35'46"N, 62°49'44.8"E); Lake K1 (67°36'17.6"N, 62°52'35"E); Lake Golovka (67°35'50"N, 62°55'25.3"E).

Ecology

The species inhabits various sites with rocky, sandy, and vegetative substrates (depths 0.3–4.2 m).

Chaetogaster diastrophus (Gruithuisen, 1828)

Nais diastrophus Gruithuisen, 1828

Chaetogaster palustris Pointner, 1914

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Finogenova 1975; Timm and Popchenko 1978), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the Kara River basin, lakes in the Malaya Usa River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E; 67°32'48.3"N, 62°53'49.7"E; 67°33'48.2"N, 62°55'2.6"E; 67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E).

Ecology

The species was recorded on stones with algal cover and on sand, at depths of 0.5–3.8 m.

Chaetogaster setosus Svetlov, 1925

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Timm and Popchenko 1978), and the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°32'44.2"N, 62°55'22.3"E).

Ecology

The species of rare in studied region; it was found on silted sand at a depth of 3.8 m.

Genus Nais Müller, 1774

Nais alpina Sperber, 1948

Geographic distribution

In Europe and North America (Great Lakes). In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Timm and Popchenko 1978), Vaygach Island (Leshko et al. 2008), lakes in the More-yu River basin, lakes in the Kara River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), lakes in the Malaya Usa River basin (Baturina et al. 2014b).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E; 67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E; 67°31'49.9"N, 62°52'40.1"E; 67°32'49.4"N, 62°53'6.6"E; 67°31'49.9"N, 62°52'40.1"E); Lake Golovka (67°35'50"N, 62°55'25.3"E; 67°36'9.4"N, 62°56'39.9"E).

Ecology

The species inhabits stones with algal cover or sand with detritus (depth 0.2–1.3 m).

Nais barbata Müller, 1774

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. Sino-Indian Region and Australia. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Stalmakova 1974), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), Vaygach Island (Leshko et al. 2008), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), Lake Bolshoy Ngosovey and lakes in the More-yu River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), the North of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Anadyr River basin (Morev 1983b), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2017), the Kolyma River basin (Morev 1983a, Morev et al. 1985).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°32'48.3"N, 62°53'49.7"E; 67°32'49.4"N, 62°53'6.6"E; 67°33'48.2"N, 62°55'2.6"E; 67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E; 67°35'27.5"N, 62°55'30.7"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'9.4"N, 62°56'39.9"E).

Ecology

The species was recorded on sands, stones with algal cover, as well as on clay and submerged macrophytes (depth 0.5–2.8 m).

Nais behningi Michaelsen, 1923

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In the Russian tundra Murmansk Region (Veselov 1977; Timm and Popchenko 1978), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), lakes in the More-yu River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°31'21.1"N, 62°53'28.6"E; 67°32'22.1"N, 62°52'10.7"E).

Ecology

Within the studied water bodies, N. behningi was found on stony sediments with moss cover (depth 0.7–2.0 m).

Nais bretscheri Michaelsen, 1899

Geographic distribution

Holarctic.

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°32'49.4"N, 62°53'6.6"E; 67°31'38"N, 62°53'2.8"E; 67°32'49.9"N, 62°53'40.1"E).

Ecology

The species inhabits stony ground and mosses among large pebbles, typically at a depth of up to 1.0 m; it occasionally occurred at a depth of 2.5 m.

Nais communis Piguet, 1906

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Stalmakova 1974; Finogenova 1975; Timm and Popchenko 1978), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), Vaygach Island (Leshko et al. 2008), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), lakes in the More-yu River basin, Lake Bolshoy Ngosovey (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the Kara River basin, lakes in the Malaya Usa River basin, lakes in the Bolshaya Usa River basin (Baturina et al. 2014b), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2016), northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Kolyma River basin (Morev et al. 1985).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°32'44.2"N, 62°55'22.3"E; 67°32'49.9"N, 62°53'40.1"E; 67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E); Lake K1 (67°36'27.6"N, 62°51'58.4"E); Lake D1 (67°35'52.8"N, 62°53'52.6"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'06"N, 62°55'28.6"E; 67°35'50"N, 62°55'25.3"E); Lake L (67°35'44.5"N, 62°49'39.2"E), temporary pond near Kharbey (67°58'00"N; 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

In bulk of the studied water bodies, N. communis was observed on silted sand, boulders with moss and algal cover, and submerged macrophytes (depth 0.3–1.2 m). In Lake Golovka, it lives on a silted substrate at a depth of 7.5 m. It was also found in small lakes with moss mats floating off shore.

Nais elinguis Müller, 1774

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Timm and Popchenko 1978), Vaygach Island (Leshko et al 2008), Lake Bolshoy Ngosovey, lakes in the More-yu River basin and the Kara River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), lakes in the Malaya Usa River basin (Baturina et al. 2014b).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°35'7.7"N, 62°54'46.9"E; 67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E; 67°33'48.2"N, 62°55'2.6"E; 67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E); Lake K1 (67°36'27.6"N, 62°51'58.4"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'9.4"N, 62°56'39.9"E).

Ecology

Specimens were sampled among pebbles and boulders, as well as on sand or submerged macrophytes (depth 2.5 m or less).

Nais pardalis Piguet, 1906

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Timm and Popchenko 1978), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), Vaygach Island (Leshko et al. 2008), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), lakes in the Malaya and Bolshaya Usa Rivers basins (Baturina and Loskutova 2010; Baturina et al. 2014b).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°32'50"N, 62°52'26.3"E; 67°34'N, 62°57'E); temporary near Kharbey (67°58'00"N, 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

The species was recorded along the lakeshore at a depth of 0.8 m or less, on pebble-gravel or silty substrates, and in hollows and small bodies of water, formed by cross-country tracks.

Nais pseudobtusa Piguet, 1906

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Finogenova 1975), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the More-yu River basin, Lake Bolshoy Ngosovey (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), lakes in the Malaya and Bolshaya Usa Rivers basins, as well as lakes in the Kara River basin (Baturina et al. 2014b).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'42.3"N, 62°52'57.1"E; 67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E; 67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E; 67°33'48.2"N, 62°55'2.6"E; 67°32'50"N, 62°52'26.3"E; 67°32'49.9"N, 62°53'40.1"E); Lake K2 (67°32'55.7"N, 62°51'39.7"E; 67°32'44.5"N, 62°51'38.2"E); Lake D1 (67°35'52.8"N, 62°53'52.6"E), Lake K1 (67°36'27.6"N, 62°51'58.4"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'06"N, 62°55'28.6"E), temporary pond near Kharbey (67°58'00"N, 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

Specimens were sampled from different hard substrates or on the vegetated areas (depth 0.3–2.0 m). In water bodies adjacent to Kharbey, N. pseudobtusa prefers clayey or silted sand (depth of 7.5 m); single specimens were found in small isolated lakes with floating moss mats and thick sedge overgrowths.

Nais simplex Piguet, 1906

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Veselov 1977, Finogenova 1975, Timm and Popchenko 1978), the upper reaches of the Adzva River, (Finogenova 1966), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°31'38"N, 62°53'2.8"E; 67°32'22.1"N, 62°52'10.7"E).

Ecology

The species was found mainly on sand between stones at a depth of 1.0 m or less.

Nais variabilis Piguet, 1906

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Stalmakova 1974; Finogenova 1975), Lake Vanyuk-ty (Finogenova 1966), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), Lake Bolshoy Ngosovey, lakes in the Kara and More-yu Rivers basins (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), lakes in the Malaya and Bolshaya Usa Rivers basins (Baturina et al. 2014b), Yuribej River floodplain lakes (Zaloznyj 1976), North of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'42.3"N, 62°52'57.1"E; 67°32'44.2"N, 62°55'22.3"E; 67°32'49.4"N, 62°53'6.6"E; 67°31'38"N, 62°53'2.8"E); Lake K1 (67°36'27.6"N, 62°51'58.4"E); Lake Golovka (67°35'50"N, 62°55'25.3"E); temporary pond near Kharbey (67°58'00"N, 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

The species was collected from submerged macrophytes, or stones and sand with moss cover (depth 0.2–1.3 m). It was also found in small water bodies or in humid depressions without open water.

Genus Piguetiella Sperber, 1939

Piguetiella blanci (Piguet, 1906)

Nais blanci Piguet, 1906

Geographic distribution

Western Palaearctic, NE of the USA. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Timm and Popchenko 1978, Finogenova 1975), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the Kara River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E; 67°34'N, 62°57'E; 67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E; 67°33'48.2"N, 62°55'2.6"E; 67°32'49.9"N, 62°53'40.1"E); Lake L (67°35'44.5"N, 62°49'39.2"E), Lake K2 (67°32'56.1"N, 62°51'39.7"E); Lake K1 (67°36'27.6"N, 62°51'58.4"E; 67°36'17.6"N, 62°52'35"E); Lake Golovka (67°35'50"N, 62°55'25.3"E; 67°36'9.1"N, 62°55'50.6"E).

Ecology

The species inhabits sandy and stony-sandy substrates with algae and moss at depths of 0.5–2.5 m except Lake Bolshoy Kharbey, where it occurs at a depth of 6.2 m.

Genus Ripistes Dujardin, 1842

Ripistes parasita (Schmidt, 1847)

Stylaria parasita Schmidt, 1847

Ripistes rubra Lastočkin, 1926

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Veselov 1977; Timm and Popchenko 1978), lakes in the More-yu River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'42.3"N, 62°52'57.1"E; 67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E; 67°33'45.9"N, 62°54'34.7"E; 67°32'44.2"N, 62°55'22.3"E; 67°32'50"N, 62°52'26.3"E; 67°31'38"N, 62°53'2.8"E); Lake L (67°35'41.5"N, 62°49'34.7"E; 67°35'46"N, 62°49'44.8"E); Lake K2 (67°32'56.1"N, 62°51'39.7"E); Lake K1 (67°36'27.6"N, 62°51'58.4"E; 67°36'22.1"N, 62°52'20.3"E); Lake Golovka (67°35'50"N, 62°55'25.3"E; 67°36'9.1"N, 62°55'50.6"E).

Ecology

The worms were often found in silt, less often on sandy-stony substrate with algae and moss cover, or on submerged macrophytes (depth 0.2–2.5 m, occasionally up to 6.0 m).

Genus Slavina Vejdovský, 1884

Slavina appendiculata (Udekem, 1855)

Nais appendiculata Udekem, 1855

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Timm and Abarenkov 2018), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966) Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the More-yu River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), lakes in the Kara River basin (Baturina et al. 2014b), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2017).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°35'7.7"N, 62°54'46.9"E; 67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E; 67°34'N, 62°57'E; 67°32'48.3"N, 62°53'49.7"E; 67°32'22.1"N, 62°52'10.7"E); Lake Golovka (67°35'50"N, 62°55'25.3"E; 67°36'9.1"N, 62°55'50.6"E); Lake K1 (67°36'22.1"N, 62°52'20.3"E; 67°36'17.6"N, 62°52'35"E); temporary pond near Kharbey (67°58'00"N, 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

In the studied lakes, S. appendiculata inhabits mainly silt or stones with algal cover (depth 0.2–6.0 m). The worms were less often found in small or temporary ponds with floating moss mats and overgrowths of sedges off the shore.

Genus Specaria Sperber, 1939

Specaria josinae (Vejdovský, 1884)

Nais josinae Vejdovský, 1884

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Finogenova 1975; Timm and Popchenko 1978), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), lakes in the More-yu River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), lakes in the Malaya Usa River basin (Baturina et al. 2014b), the Anadyr River basin (Morev 1983b).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°35'7.7"N, 62°54'46.9"E; 67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E; 67°32'44.2"N, 62°55'22.3"E; 67°32'50"N, 62°52'26.3"E; 67°32'49.9"N, 62°53'40.1"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'21.2"N, 62°56'6.6"E); Lake D1 (67°35'52.8"N, 62°53'52.6"E); Lake K1 (67°36'27.6"N, 62°51'58.4"E; 67°36'22.1"N, 62°52'20.3"E); Lake K2 (67°32'56.1"N, 62°51'39.7"E).

Ecology

The species was recorded in most lakes of the study area, mainly on silted sand or clay (depths 0.5–1.1 m), rarely deeper on silted stony-sand or detritus (depths 4.2–6.0 m).

Genus Stylaria Lamarck, 1816

Stylaria fossularis Leidy, 1852

Geographic distribution

North America, Europa, Asia. In the Russian tundra: the Anadyr River basin (Morev 1983b).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°33'48.2"N, 62°55'2.6"E; 67°32'48.3"N, 62°53'49.7"E); Lake K1 (67°36'27.6"N, 62°51'58.4"E; 67°36'22.1"N, 62°52'20.3"E).

Ecology

The species is rare. It was noted in Lake Bolshoy Kharbey on silted sands (depth 9.5–13.8 m); in adjacent to Kharbey lakes is on clay substrate (depth no more than 0.8 m).

Stylaria lacustris (Linnaeus, 1767)

Nereis lacustris Linnaeus, 1767

Nais proboscidea Müller, 1774

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Timm and Abarenkov 2018), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), the Poluj River basin (Zaloznyj 1976), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2016, 2017), the Ob River delta (Timm and Abarenkov 2018), northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Anadyr River basin (Morev 1983b).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E; 67°32'50"N, 62°52'26.3"E); Lake K2 (67°32'55.7"N, 62°51'39.7"E); Lake K1 (67°36'29.4"N, 62°52'58.3"E); Lake Golovka (67°35'50"N, 62°55'25.3"E; 67°36'9.4"N, 62°56'39.9"E).

Ecology

The worms are very mobile; they prefer submerged macrophytes as substrate. S. lacustris was also observed on silted stones (depth 0.3–1.0 m).

Genus Uncinais Levinsen, 1884

Uncinais uncinata (Ørsted, 1842)

Nais uncinata Ørsted, 1842

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Finogenova 1975; Veselov 1977; Timm and Popchenko 1978), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the Kara River, the More-yu River, and the Bolshaya Usa River basins (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), lakes in the Malaya Usa River basin (Baturina et al. 2014b), the Lena River and Ob River deltas (Gukov 1990), northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2016), the Anadyr River basin (Morev 1983b).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E; 67°35'27.5"N, 62°55'30.7"E; 67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E; 67°33'48.2"N, 62°55'2.6"E; 67°32'48.3"N, 62°53'49.7"E; 67°32'49.9"N, 62°53'40.1"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'9.4"N, 62°56'39.9"E; 67°36'21.2"N, 62°56'6.6"E); Lake K1 (67°36'17.6"N, 62°52'35"E); Lake K2 (67°32'55.7"N, 62°51'39.7"E).

Ecology

The species was recorded on silt, silted sand, and boulders, from the edge of the water to a depth of 4.5 m. In adjacent to Kharbey lakes, U. uncinata prefers moss and algal cover among the rocks in the shore zone. Common species for tundra zone.

Genus Vejdovskyella Michaelsen, 1903

Vejdovskyella comata (Vejdovský, 1884)

Bohemilla comata Vejdovský, 1884

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Finogenova 1975; Veselov 1977; Timm and Popchenko 1978), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the Kara River and the More-yu River basins, and Lake Bolshoy Ngosovey (Baturina and Loskutova 2010).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'42.3"N, 62°52'57.1"E; 67°32'48.3"N, 62°53'49.7"E; 67°32'49.9"N, 62°53'40.1"E); Lake L (67°35'41.5"N, 62°49'34.7"E); Lake K2 (67°32'55.7"N, 62°51'39.7"E; 67°32'44.5"N, 62°51'38.2"E); Lake K1 (67°36'22.1"N, 62°52'20.3"E); Lake Golovka (67°35'50"N, 62°55'25.3"E; 67°36'17.3"N, 62°56'13.1"E).

Ecology

Within the area of study, V. comata was recorded infrequently, living on sand, silt, and clay (depths 4.5–6.5 m, rarer up to 9.8 m).

Vejdovskyella macrochaeta (Lastočkin, 1921)

Bohemilla macrochaeta Lastočkin, 1921

Vejdovskyella grandisetosa Finogenova, 1962

Geographic distribution

Eastern Europe. In the Russian tundra: the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), lakes in the Bolshaya Usa River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), lakes in the Malaya Usa River basin (Baturina et al. 2014b).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°33'45.9"N, 62°54'34.7"E; 67°34'55.7"N, 62°57'44"E); Lake L (67°35'44.5"N, 62°49'39.2"E); Lake K1 (67°36'27.6"N, 62°51'58.4"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'06"N, 62°55'28.6"E; 67°36'9.1"N, 62°55'50.6"E).

Ecology

The species prefers sandy-clay or clay at the shore sites. Rarer, V. macrochaeta was observed on clay sediments at a depth of 8.0-9.5 m.

Subfamily Pristininae Lastočkin, 1921
Genus Pristina Ehrenberg, 1828

Pristina aequiseta Bourne, 1891

Naidium foreli Piguet, 1906

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Veselov 1977), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2017).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'42.3"N, 62°52'57.1"E); Lake Golovka (67°35'50"N, 62°55'25.3"E).

Ecology

The species is rare in the area. It was found in the coastal zone of only two lakes, where it was on stones with algae and moss cover, sand or submerged macrophytes.

Pristina amphibiotica Lastočkin, 1927

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan. In the Russian tundra: Vaygach Island (Leshko et al. 2008); Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°33'48.2"N, 62°55'2.6"E).

Ecology

The species was observed only in the shore zone on the silted sand and pebbles, or on submerged macrophytes.

Pristina bilobata (Bretscher, 1903)

Naidium bilobata Bretscher, 1903

Geographic distribution

Europe. In the Russian tundra: Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the Malaya Usa River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°32'44.2"N, 62°55'22.3"E); temporary pond near Kharbey (67°58'00"N; 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

The rare species. It inhabits shallow areas with sandy-clayey substrates.

Pristina komi Popchenko, 1988

Geographic distribution

European north of Russia (Popchenko 1988).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'42.3"N, 62°52'57.1"E).

Ecology

Several individuals were found on large pebbles with moss and algal cover located in shallow areas.

Pristina longiseta Ehrenberg, 1828

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan species. In the Russian tundra: Lodejnyj Island (Timm and Abarenkov 2018).

Location

Lake L (67°35'41.5"N, 62°49'34.7"E).

Ecology

Several individuals of P. longiseta were found on macrophytes at a depth of 0.5 m.

Subfamily Rhyacodrilinae Hrabĕ, 1963
Genus Rhyacodrilus Bretscher, 1901

Rhyacodrilus coccineus (Vejdovský, 1876)

Tubifex coccineus Vejdovský, 1876

Tubifex lunzensis Pointner, 1914

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species but recorded also from Australia and Antarctic islands. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Timm and Popchenko 1978), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the Kara River basin (Baturina et al. 2014b), northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Anadyr River basin (Morev 1983a,b), Chukotka Peninsula (Sokolskaya 1986).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°32'44.2"N, 62°55'22.3"E); temporary pond near Kharbey (67°58'00"N, 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

The species was observed in the shore zone on silted sand between stones. In temporary pond, R. coccineus was found in wet moss.

Subfamily Tubificinae Vejdovský, 1884
Genus Aulodrilus Bretscher, 1899

Aulodrilus limnobius Bretscher, 1899

Geographic distribution

Almost cosmopolitan species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Timm and Popchenko 1978), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), Lake Bolshoy Ngosovey (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Yenisey River delta (Chekanovskaya 1956), the Lena River delta (Timm and Abarenkov 2018).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°32'22.1"N, 62°52'10.7"E); Lake L (67°35'41.5"N, 62°49'34.7"E), Lake K2 (67°32'56.1"N, 62°51'39.7"E).

Ecology

Single specimens were observed on silt and clay, at depths up to 5.8 m.

Aulodrilus pigueti Kowalewski, 1914

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan. In the Russian tundra: lakes in the More-yu River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), Lake Ayan (Zinovjev 1981).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'42.3"N, 62°52'57.1"E).

Ecology

The only specimen was found at a depth of 9.8 m.

Aulodrilus pluriseta (Piguet, 1906)

Naidium pluriseta Piguet, 1906

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species, including the Sino-Indian Region and Australia. In the Russian tundra: the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E); Lake K2 (67°32'56.1"N, 62°51'39.7"E).

Ecology

The species lives on slightly silted clay (depth 1.5–5.2 m).

Genus Embolocephalus Randolph, 1892

Embolocephalus velutinus (Grube, 1879)

Saenuris velutinus Grube, 1879

Tubifex sarnensis Pierantoni, 1904

Peloscolex fontinalis Hrabĕ, 1964

Geographic distribution

Central and Southern Europe, possibly also northern Europe and Siberia (Timm 2009). In the Russian tundra: the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2016).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E; 67°32'50"N, 62°52'26.3"E; 67°32'49.9"N, 62°53'40.1"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'9.4"N, 62°56'39.9"E).

Ecology

The species is common in the tundra zone. It lives on various sediments (including rocky, sandy, clayey, or silty) in the littoral zone of lakes.

Genus Ilyodrilus Eisen, 1879

Ilyodrilus templetoni (Southern, 1909)

Tubifex templetoni Southern, 1909

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In the Russian tundra: Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'17.3"N, 62°56'13.1"E).

Ecology

The species prefers soft silts of profundal zone of the lakes (depth of 6.0–6.5 m).

Genus Isochaetides Hrabĕ, 1966

Isochaetides michaelseni (Lastočkin, 1936)

Limnodrilus michaelseni Lastočkin, 1936

Geographic distribution

Inhabits Eastern Europe. In the Russian tundra: Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978).

Location

Lake Golovka (67°36'21.2"N, 62°56'6.6"E).

Ecology

This species is rare in the tundra lakes. It was found on clayey substrate at a depth of 1.7 m.

Genus Limnodrilus Claparède, 1862

Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparède, 1862

Limnodrilus parvus Southern, 1909

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Stalmakova 1974; Veselov 1977; Timm and Popchenko 1978; Jakovlev 1982); the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), Vaygach Island (Leshko et al. 2008), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the More-yu River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), the Norilsk`s group of lakes (Vershinin 1960), the Ob River delta (Timm and Abarenkov 2018), northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Gydansky and Yamal Peninsulas (Stepanov 2016, 2017, 2018), the Lena River delta (Gukov 1990).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'55.7"N, 62°57'44"E; 67°33'48.2"N, 62°55'2.6"E; 67°32'44.2"N, 62°55'22.3"E; 67°32'48.3"N, 62°53'49.7"E); Lake L (67°35'41.5"N, 62°49'34.7"E); Lake K2 (67°32'56.1"N, 62°51'39.7"E); Lake K1 (67°36'27.6"N, 62°51'58.4"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'9.4"N, 62°56'39.9"E; 67°36'9.1"N, 62°55'50.6"E).

Ecology

The species is recorded in most lakes of the Kharbey system. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri prefers silts, but it was also found on sandy-clay sediment and stones with algal cover (from the water edge to 5.2 m in depth).

Limnodrilus udekemianus Claparède, 1862

Isochaeta virulenta Pointner, 1911

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan species. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Stalmakova 1969; Veselov 1977; Timm and Popchenko 1978), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the More-yu River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), northern part of Western Siberia and the Yamal Peninsula (Zaloznyj 1984).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°33'48.2"N, 62°55'2.6"E; 67°31'38"N, 62°53'2.8"E; 67°32'49.9"N, 62°53'40.1"E).

Ecology

The species was found on stones with moss or algal cover and clayey ground (depth 1.1–2.0 m). It was not widely distributed in the Kharbey lakes system previously.

Genus Potamothrix Vejdovský & Mrázek, 1903

Potamothrix hammoniensis (Michaelsen, 1901)

Ilyodrilus hammoniensis Michaelsen, 1901

Tubifex cameranoi De Visart, 1901

Psammoryctes fossor Ditlevsen, 1904

Geographic distribution

It was found in Western Palearctic, Africa, Great Lakes of North America, and Lake Titicaca in South America. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Stalmakova 1974), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), lakes in the More-yu River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), the Ob River and Lena River deltas (Timm and Abarenkov 2018), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2018).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E; 67°31'38"N, 62°53'2.8"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'21.2"N, 62°56'6.6"E).

Ecology

The species was recorded on silty, clayey, sandy-silty sediments, submerged macrophytes or algal cover (depth 0.4–1.1 m).

Genus Spirosperma Eisen, 1879

Spirosperma ferox Eisen, 1879

Peloscolex ferox (Eisen, 1879)

Embolocephalus plicatus Randolph, 1892

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In the Russian tundra: the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes of central part of Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Belyakov and Skvortsov 1994), lakes in the Malaya and Bolshaya Usa Rivers basins, as well as lakes in the Kara River basin (Baturina et al. 2014b), lakes in the More-yu River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), the Norilsk group of lakes (Vershinin 1960), northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2016, 2017, 2018).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E; 67°35'27.5"N, 62°55'30.7"E; 67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E; 67°33'48.2"N, 62°55'2.6"E; 67°32'44.2"N, 62°55'22.3"E; 67°32'50"N, 62°52'26.3"E; 67°31'38"N, 62°53'2.8"E; 67°32'22.1"N, 62°52'10.7"E); Lake Golovka (67°35'50"N, 62°55'25.3"E; 67°36'9.1"N, 62°55'50.6"E; 67°36'17.3"N, 62°56'13.1"E); Lake D1 (67°35'52.8"N, 62°53'52.6"E); Lake K1 (67°36'27.6"N, 62°51'58.4"E) Lake K2 (67°32'55.7"N, 62°51'39.7"E); Lake L (67°35'41.5"N, 62°49'34.7"E; 67°35'46"N, 62°49'44.8"E); temporary pond (67°58' N; 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

This species is widespread in the area; it was found in most studied water bodies. It inhabits various grounds: stony, sandy, and muddy, often occurs on stones covered by moss or algae or submerged macrophytes (from the water edge up to 9.0 m). In most lakes, S. ferox is dominant in number.

Genus Lophochaeta Štolc, 1886

Lophochaeta ignota (Štolc, 1886)

Tubifex ignotus (Štolc, 1886)

Tubifex filum Michaelsen, 1901

Geographic distribution

Palearctic species, which was also indicated for Great Lakes of North America and Lake Titicaca in South America. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Finogenova 1975; Timm and Popchenko 1978), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the More-yu River Kara River basins (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), lakes in the Malaya Usa River basin (Baturina et al. 2014b).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'42.3"N, 62°52'57.1"E; 67°35'7.7"N, 62°54'46.9"E; 67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E; 67°33'45.9"N, 62°54'34.7"E; 67°32'48.3"N, 62°53'49.7"E), Lake L (67°35'46"N, 62°49'44.8"E); Lake K2 (67°32'55.7"N, 62°51'39.7"E), Lake K1 (67°36'22.1"N, 62°52'20.3"E; 67°36'17.6"N, 62°52'35"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'21.2"N, 62°56'6.6"E; 67°36'06"N, 62°55'28.6"E).

Ecology

The species lives in silt, clay and sand (from the water edge up to 9.5 m in depth).

Genus Tubifex Lamarck, 1816

Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774)

Lumbricus tubifex Müller, 1774

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan species excluding the tropic areas. In the Russian tundra: Murmansk Region (Finogenova 1975; Timm and Popchenko 1978), Vaygach Island (Leshko et al. 2008), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018); the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966); Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in central part of Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Belyakov and Skvortsov 1994), lakes in the More-yu River basin, Lake Bolshoy Ngosovey and lakes in the More-yu River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), lakes in the Malaya Usa River basin (Baturina et al. 2014b), the Kara River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), the Norilsk group of lakes (Vershinin 1960), northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Lena River Delta (Gukov 1990), the Gyda River basin (Zaloznyj 1984), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2016, 2017, 2018), the Tanama River (Gundrizer et al. 1977), and the Yenisey River delta (Chekanovskaya 1956).

Location

Bolshoy Kharbey Lake (67°34'42.3"N, 62°52'57.1"E; 67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E; 67°35'7.7"N, 62°54'46.9"E; 67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E; 67°33'48.2"N, 62°55'2.6"E; 67°32'48.3"N, 62°53'49.7"E; 67°31'38"N, 62°53'2.8"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'06"N, 62°55'28.6"E; 67°35'50"N, 62°55'25.3"E; 67°36'21.2"N, 62°56'6.6"E); Lake D2 (67°35'52.8"N, 62°53'52.6"E); Lake K1 (67°36'22.1"N, 62°52'20.3"E; 67°36'17.6"N, 62°52'35"E); Lake K2 (67°32'56.1"N, 62°51'39.7"E); Lake L (67°35'41.5"N, 62°49'34.7"E; 67°35'46"N, 62°49'44.8"E); temporary pond (67°58'00"N, 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

This is one of the numerous and widespread oligochaete species in the Kharbey lakes system. It was found on various substrates (from the water edge to 8.0 m in depth).

Subfamily Telmatodrilinae Eisen, 1879
Genus Alexandrovia Hrabĕ, 1962

Alexandrovia ringulata (Sokolskaja, 1961)

Peloscolex ringulatus Sokolskaja, 1961

Alexandrovia onegensis Hrabĕ, 1962

Geographic distribution

Palaearctic species inhabits Lakes of Karelia and Siberia. In tundra zone of Russia: Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the Kara River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), lakes in the Malaya Usa River basin (Baturina et al. 2014b), the Tanama River (Gundrizer et al. 1978), northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Gyda River basin (Zaloznyj 1976), Lake Taymyr (Timm 1996), the Anadyr River basin (Morev 1983b), and the Chukotka Peninsula (Sokolskaya 1972).

Location

Lake K1 (67°36'17.6"N, 62°52'35"E); Lake Golovka (67°35'50"N, 62°55'25.3"E).

Ecology

Single specimens were washed out from moss cover of sandy-silty substrates or submerged macrophytes.

Family Enchytraeidae Vejdovský, 1879
Genus Cognettia Nielsen et Christensen, 1959

Cognettia glandulosa (Michaelsen, 1888)

Pachydrilus glandulosus Michaelsen, 1888

Chamaedrilus glandulosus (Michaelsen, 1888)

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In the Russian tundra: the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the More-yu River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), lakes in the Malaya Usa River basin (Baturina et al. 2014b), the Taymyr Peninsula (Nurminen 1980), and the Chukotka Peninsula (Timm and Abarenkov 2018).

Location

Temporary ponds of the Kharbey system (67°58'00"N, 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

The worms were found in ponds that do not have an open water surface, in moss covering the swampy substrate.

Cognettia sphagnetorum (Vejdovský, 1878)

Pachydrilus sphagnetorum Vejdovský, 1878

Chamaedrilus sphagnetorum (Vejdovský, 1878)

Geographic distribution

Previously it was registered only in Europe, eastern part of North America, and Greenland.

Location

Temporary pond near Kharbey (67°58'00"N, 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

The species inhabits pond, which does not have an open water surface, in the moss covering the swamped substrate.

Genus Mesenchytraeus Eisen, 1878

Mesenchytraeus armatus (Levinsen, 1884)

Analycus armatus Levinsen, 1884

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In tundra zone of Russia: Murmansk Region (Timm and Popchenko 1978), lakes in the Kara River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'55.7"N, 62°57'44"E; 67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E; 67°32'50"N, 62°52'26.3"E; 67°32'49.9"N, 62°53'40.1"E); Lake K1 (67°36'17.6"N, 62°52'35"E) temporary pond (67°58'00"N, 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

The species was encountered mainly on sandy and sandy-gravel substrate with moss cover in the shore zone. Single specimens were found on the boggy parts of the small lake.

Order Lumbriculida Brinkhurst, 1971
Family Lumbriculidae Vejdovský, 1884
Genus Lumbriculus Grube, 1844

Lumbriculus alexandrovi Popchenko, 1976

Geographic distribution

It was known only in the Karelia (NW Russia). In tundra zone of Russia: Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978).

Location

Lake Golovka (67°36'21.2"N, 62°56'6.6"E).

Ecology

Single specimens were found on silted gravel in shore zone of the lake.

Lumbriculus variegatus (Müler, 1774)

Lumbricus variegatus Müller, 1774

Lumbriculus kareliensis Popchenko, 1976

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In tundra zone of Russia: Murmansk Region (Stalmakova 1974; Finogenova 1975; Veselov 1977; Timm and Popchenko 1978), Vaygach Island (Leshko et al 2008), the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), Lake Ambarty and some other lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Popchenko 1978), lakes in the Kara River, Malaya and Bolshaya Usa Rivers basins (Baturina et al. 2014b), the Vashutkiny lakes system (Finogenova 1966), Lake Bolshoy Ngosovey and lakes in the More-yu River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), the Gydansky and Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2016, 2017, 2018), northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Yenisey River delta (Chekanovskaya 1956), and the Anadyr River basin (Morev 1983b).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'N, 62°57'E; 67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E; 67°34'3.5"N, 62°52'17.9"E; 67°32'44.2"N, 62°55'22.3"E; 67°32'50"N, 62°52'26.3"E; 67°31'38"N, 62°53'2.8"E); Lake D1 (67°36'2.2"N, 62°54'8.2"E; 67°35'52.8"N, 62°53'52.6"E); Lake L (67°35'41.5"N, 62°49'34.7"E); Lake K2 (67°32'40.9"N, 62°51'39.1"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'21.2"N, 62°56'6.6"E, 67°36'9.1"N, 62°55'50.6"E); temporary pond (67°58"N, 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

The species was observed in most lakes of the area; L. variegatus often numerically dominated, inhabiting sands or silts between stones, submerged macrophytes, and stones with moss or algal covering (at depth up to 1 m).

Genus Stylodrilus Claparède, 1862

Stylodrilus heringianus Claparède, 1862

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In tundra zone of Russia: Murmansk Region (Timm and Abarenkov 2018), Kara River basin (Baturina and Loskutova 2010), Lake Yurto (Finogenova 1966), the Anadyr River basin (Morev 1983b), lakes in the central part of Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Belyakov and Skvortsov 1994), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2016, 2017).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°34'34.3"N, 62°52'17.4"E; 67°35'27.5"N, 62°55'30.7"E); Lake Golovka (67°36'9.4"N, 62°56'39.9"E).

Ecology

This species is in the area. It lives on stones with algal covering, silty or sandy substrates (depth up to 1.5 m).

Family Lumbricidae Rafinesque, 1815
Genus Eiseniella Michaelsen, 1900

Eiseniella tetraedra (Savigny, 1826)

Enterion tetraedra Savigny, 1826

Geographic distribution

Western part of the Palearctic Region. In tundra zone of Russia: the Pechora River delta (Baturina 2018), lakes Pervoe Bobrovoe and Akulkino (Finogenova 1975).

Location

Temporary pond (67°58'00"N, 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

The species was found on a swampy substrate with moss cover.

Subclass Acanthobdellea Livanow, 1905
Order Acanthobdellida Grube, 1851
Family Acanthobdellidae Grube, 1851
Genus Acanthobdella Grube, 1851

Acanthobdella peledina Grube, 1851

Geographic distribution

Palaearctic region, namely Northern Eurasia. In the Russian tundra: the Vashutkiny lakes system (Lukin 1966), northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Gydansky Peninsula (Gagnon and Shorthouse 2019).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°31'8"N, 62°53'2.8"E), temporary pond (67°58'00"N, 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

Parasite of arctic salmonid fish. Within the area, A. peledina was observed on Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758).

Subclass Hirudinea Lamarck, 1818 (synonym Hirudinida)
Order Rhynchobdellida Blanchard, 1894
Family Glossiphoniidae Vaillant, 1890
Subfamily Glossiphoniinae Vaillant, 1890
Genus Glossiphonia Johnson, 1817

Glossiphonia complanata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Hirudo complanata Linnaeus, 1758

Glossiphonia tuberculate Johnson, 1816

Glossiphonia complanata Blanchard, 1894

Geographic distribution

Palaearctic region. Previously mentioned as Holarctic species. However, recent molecular studies confuted its findings in North America (Williams et al. 2013; Kaygorodova et al. 2019). In tundra zone of Russia: some lakes in the Korotaikha River basin (Zaloznyj 1978), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2016, 2017).

Location

Small nameless lakes near Syattey-ty (67°33'46.2"N, 62°41'32.8"E; 67°33'11.6"N, 62°46'5.4"E; 67°33'13.6"N, 62°42'50.8"E; 67°32'27.9"N, 62°43'40.9"E); Lake D1 (67°36'2.2"N, 62°54'8.2"E; 67°35'52.8"N, 62°53'52.6"E).

Ecology

This eurytopic species is numerically dominant in stagnant waters. Samples were collected from the shore; leeches were found in a free-living state on aquatic vegetation or on the underside of stones.

Glossiphonia verrucata (Müller, 1844)

Clepsine verrucata Müller, 1844

Glossiphonia verrucata Johansson, 1909

Batracobdella verrucata Pawlowski, 1936

Boreobdella verrucata Lukin, 1956

Geographic distribution

Palearctic region. In tundra zone of Russia: Lukin reported this species as Boreobdella verrucata from Lake Plesovka in the Komi region (Lukin 1956).

Location

No specimen in our collection.

Ecology

The boreal species inhabits the North Eurasia (Lukin 1976; Kaygorodova et al. 2019), including recent findings in The Netherlands (Soes and Cuppen 2004) and France (Nesemann 1990; d'Hondt and Ben Ahmed 2009).

Glossiphonia concolor (Apathy, 1888)

Clepsine concolor Apathy, 1888

Glossiphonia concolor Livanow, 1903

Geographic distribution

Palearctic region. In tundra zone of Russia: the Usa River basin (Lukin 1976) and the Pechora River (Zaloznyj 1978).

Location

Temporary pond near the Lake Kharbey (67°58'00"N, 62°34'60"E), Lake Syattey-ty (67°33'13.6"N, 62°42'50.8"E) and small nameless lakes in its neighbourhood (67°33'46.2"N, 62°41'32.8"E; 67°33'11.6"N, 62°46'5.4"E; 67°32'56.7"N, 62°45'58.4"E).

Ecology

This species is known as predator of small molluscs. The leeches were found on swamped places, as well as in small lakes with silted sand substrate.

Genus Hemiclepsis Vejdovský, 1884

Hemiclepsis marginata (Müller, 1774)

Hirudo marginata O. F. Müller, 1774

Piscicola marginata Moquin-Tandon, 1827

Clepsine marginata F. Müller, 1844

Hemiclepsis marginata Harding, 1910

Geographic distribution

Palaearctic region. In tundra zone of Russia: the basin of the Usa (Lukin 1962).

Location

The species was not found in the area.

Ecology

This leech parasitises molluscs, amphibians, and fishes; H. marginata is seemingly very rare species in the Komi region. Lukin (1962) has occasionally found one specimen in the Usa River.

Subfamily Haementeriinae Autrum, 1939
Genus Helobdella Blanchard, 1876

Helobdella stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Hirudo stagnalis Linnaeus 1758

Glossiphonia stagnalis Blanchard 1894

Glossiphonia (Helobdella) stagnalis Moore 1922

Bakedebdella gibbosa Sciacchitiano 1939

Geographic distribution

Cosmopolitan species. In tundra zone of Russia: lakes of Korotaikha River basin (Zaloznyj 1978), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2016).

Location

The species was not recorded in the Kharbey lakes. It was only found in an oxbow lake in the Pechora River delta (68°8'8.2"N, 53°36'33.8"E).

Ecology

Sandy-clay sediment (depth 0.5 m).

Subfamily Theromyzinae Sawyer, 1986
Genus Theromyzon Philippi, 1867

Theromyzon tessulatum (Müller, 1774)

Protoclepsis tesselata Livanow 1902

Geographic distribution

Holarctic species. In tundra zone of Russia: no data.

Location

Small lakes near Syattey-ty (67°33'46.2"N, 62°41'32.8"E); temporary pond near Kharbey (67°58'00"N, 62°34'60"E).

Ecology

The leeches were found in the moss cover of the substrate in two swamped lakes, which do not have an open water surface.

Theromyzon maculosum (Rathke, 1862)

Clepsine maculosa Rathke, 1862

Clepsine maculosa Grube, 1871

Glossiphonia maculosa Vaillant, 1890

Protoclepsine sexoculata Moore, 1898

Protoclepsis meyeri Livanow, 1902

Protoclepsis garjaewi Livanow, 1902

Theromyzon sexoculata Johansson, 1909

Theromyzon maculosa Pawłowski 1936

Geographic distribution

Palearctic region. In tundra zone of Russia: it was reported as P. maculosum from Komi Republic region (Lukin 1957, 1962).

Location

No specimen in our collection.

Ecology

This leech normally lives in s a temperate or even relatively cold climate; prefers stagnant freshwater; it parasitises waterfowl, mainly ducks and geese.

Family Piscicolidae Johnston, 1865 (synonym Ichthyobdellidae Leuckart, 1863)
Genus Piscicola Blainville, 1818

Piscicola geometra (Linnaeus, 1761)

Hirudo geometra Linnaeus, 1758

Geographic distribution

Transpalearctic species. In tundra zone of Russia: Kharbey lakes (Zaloznyj 1978), northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2016, 2017).

Location

There are findings in Lake Sudorma (67°17'31.07"N, 50°16'25.58"E) situated in the neighbouring area to Bolshezemelskaya tundra.

Ecology

Piscicola geometra is considered to be an oxyphilic species. It inhabits both rivers and stagnant water bodies with a favorable oxygen regime. This is an ectoparasite predominantly of cyprinids, with no obvious host preference. A single specimen was sampled from the dorsal fin of a whitefish.

Piscicola sp.

Morphology

Very small leech, its body length is 7 mm and diameter is 1.5 mm. Pigmentation is uniform, does not form a specific pattern on the dorsal side of the body, unlike the widespread P. geometra.

Location

Lake Golovka (67°35'50"N, 62°55'25.3"E).

Ecology

A single specimen was found on the dorsal fin of a whitefish.

Genus Cystobranchus Diesing, 1859

Cystobranchus mammillatus (Malm, 1863)

Caliobdella mammilata Nesemann, 1994

Geographic distribution

Palaearctic region. In tundra zone of Russia: northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984).

Location

No specimen in our collection from the Kharbey area.

Ecology

A specific parasite of burbot.

Order Arhynchobdellida Blanchard, 1894
Suborder Erpobdelliformes Sawyer, 1986
Family Erpobdellidae Blanchard, 1894
Genus Erpobdella de Blainville, 1818

Erpobdella octoculata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Hirudo octoculata Linnaeus, 1758

Herpobdella octoculata Johansson 1910

Herpobdella octomaculata Pawlowski 1935

Geographic distribution

Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. In tundra zone of Russia: Kharbey lakes and other lakes of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Lukin 1956; Zaloznyj 1978), northern part of Western Siberia (Zaloznyj 1984), the Yamal Peninsula (Stepanov 2016).

Location

No specimen in our collection from the Kharbey area. Earlier records were probably misidentified Erpobdella sp. 1 (see below).

Ecology

This leech inhabits various types of water bodies; it is considered the most numerous Erpoddella in most Palearctic freshwater bodies. These leeches avoid of humic substances, and practically do not occur in distrophic waters. However, E. octoculata can inhabit highly polluted water bodies.

Erpobdella monostriata (Lindenfeld & Pietruszynski, 1890)

Nephelis octoculata var. monostriata Lindenfeld & Pietruszynski, 1890

Erpobdella vilnensis (Liskiewitz, 1925) in part

Geographic distribution

Widespread in the Palaearctic region and occurs from the Netherland (van Haaren et al. 2004) in the west to the Voronezh region of Russia in the east (Utevsky et al. 2015). In tundra zone of Russia: this Erpobdella is relatively low in numbers in the northwestern European part of Russia: basin of the Northern Dvina, Vychegda and Usa rivers where, E. nigricollis dominates according to Lukin (1957).

Location

Lake Bolshoy Kharbey (67°32'48.3"N, 62°53'49.7"E; 67°34'34.3"N; 62°52'17.4"E), Lake D1 (67°36'2.2"N, 62°54'8.2"E; 67°35'52.8"N, 62°53'52.6"E).

Ecology

The species was found in Arctophila thickets in a small body of water, and in silt of Lake Kharbey.

Erpobdella nigricollis (Brandes, 1900)

Nephelis testacea f. nigricollis Brandes, 1900

Herpobdella testacea var. nigricollis Johansson, 1929

Geographic distribution

Palaearctic region. The E. nigricollis geographic range is in the northern part of Eurasia with the Yenisei River as the eastern border. In the tundra zone of Russia, according to Lukin (1976), this leech is most widespread and numerous in water bodies of the Komi region and the eastern part of Arkhangelsk Region.

Location

There is no specimen in our collection from the Kharbey area.

Ecology

According to Nesemann and Neubert (1999), E. nigricollis belongs to the potamal fauna and prefers large rivers; in contrast, Lukin (1976) asserts that this leech is typical for small lakes and natural stagnant water bodies located in the floodplain of rivers.

Erpobdella testacea (Savigny, 1822)

Nephelis testacea Savigny, 1822

Herpobdella testacea Blanchard, 1894

Geographic distribution

Palaearctic region. In tundra zone of Russia: northern part of Western Siberia (Lukin 1976; Zaloznyj 1984).

Location

There is no specimen in our collection from the Kharbey area.

Ecology

This species is rare or absent in the northwestern part of Russia. Usually, it inhabits stagnant waters.

Erpobdella sp. 1

Morphology

All specimens had dark dorsal pigmentation with clearly defined two paramedian stripes and three annuli between sexual pores. This combination of morphological and anatomical features has not been found in any known species.

Location

A small nameless lake near Syattey-ty (67°33'46.2"N, 62°41'32.8"E).

Ecology

Multiple specimens were found in silt among Arcticophila thickets.

Suborder Hirudiniformes (Caballero, 1952)
Family Haemopidae (Richardson, 1969)
Genus Haemopis (Savigny, 1822)

Haemopis sanguisuga (Linnaeus, 1758)

Hirudo sanguisuga Linnaeus, 1758

Haemopis sanguisuga Blanchard, 1894

Geographic distribution

Transpalearctic species. Widespread in all Europe and Asia up to Far East. In tundra zone on Russia: Lukin describes them as characteristic for Northern Eurasia (1976) and specifically for Komi Republic water bodies (1957).

Location

There is no specimen in our collection from the Kharbey area.

Ecology

This so called "large false horse leech" is a predator and lives mainly in shallow ponds, occasionally in temporary ponds where sediments remain wet; it is found only in the shore zone.

Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Elena Fefilova for her help in fieldwork organisation, and Natalia Sorokovikova and Nadezhda Bolbat for their comments on identification of some leech samples. We greatly appreciate the reviews by Tarmo Timm and Steven Fend, as well as their contributions to linguistic corrections of the manuscript text.

This study was carried out within the framework of State Task of the Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, no. 0414-2018-0005 (AAAA-A17-117112850235-2) and State Task of the Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, no. 0345-2019-0002 (AAAA-A19-116122110066-1), as well as with financial support from Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), grant no. 18-54-00009 and Joint program of RFBR and Komi, grant no.18-44-110017.

References

  • Agapow L, Bielecki A (1992) A systematic study on the complex species Erpobdella testscea (Savigny, 1820) (Hirudinea, Erpobdellidae). Genus 3(4): 185–199.
  • Baturina MA (2018) Oligochaete worms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) in zoobenthos species composision of the Pechora River Delta water bodies. Komi Republic Russian Geographical Society Department Bulletin 2(18): 49–55.
  • Baturina MA, Loskutova OA, Shchanov VM (2014a) Structure and distribution of zoobenthos of the Kharbey Lake system. Journal of Siberian Federal University, Biology 4(7): 332–356. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=23005084
  • Belyakov VP, Skvortsov VV (1994) Macro- and meiozoobenthos and their production. In: Drabkova VG, Triphonova IS (Eds) Particular Aspects of Far North Lake Ecosystems Structure (on the example of the lakes of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra). Nauka, Saint Petersburg, 183–202.
  • Chekanovskaya OV (1956) On the Oligochaete fauna of Yenisey River basin. Zoological Zhurnal 35(5): 657–667.
  • Chekanovskaya OV (1962) Aquatic oligochaete worms of fauna of the USSR. The USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow-Leningrad, 411 pp.
  • d'Hondt J-L, Ben Ahmed R (2009) Catalogue et clés tabulaires de détermination des Hirudinées d'eau douce de la faune française. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France 134: 263–298.
  • Fefilova EB, Baturina MA, Kononova ON, Loskutova OA, Khokhlova LG, Dubovskaya OP (2014) Long-term changes of aquatic communities in the Kharbey lakes. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Biology. 3(7): 240–266. https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1389-2014-7-3-240-266
  • Finogenova NP (1962) On the study of the Usa River basin oligochaete worms. In: Zvereva OS (Ed.) Fish of the Usa River Basin and their Food Resources. The USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow-Leningrad, 219–225.
  • Finogenova NP (1966) Oligochaete worms of Vashutkiny lakes. In: Belyaev GM et al. (Eds) Hydrobiological Study and Economic Development of the USSR Far North Lakes. Nauka, Moscow, 63–70.
  • Finogenova NP (1975) Ecological and faunistic review (Oligochaeta). In: Dubinina MN et al. (Eds) Biological Productivity of Northern Lakes. 1: Lakes Krivoye and Krugloe. Nauka, Leningrad, 122–125.
  • Gukov A (1990) Zoobenthos of thermokarst lakes of Lena River basin flood plain areas. Hydrobiological Journal 26(2): 21–25.
  • Gundrizer VA, Zaloznyj NA, Osipova NN, Popov PA, Ruzanova AI (1977) Materials on the study of the Tanama River hydrobionts and their role in some fish species nutrition. In: Ioganzen BG (Ed.) Issues of Zoology. University of Tomsk, Tomsk, 14–19.
  • Jakovlev VA (1982) Anthropogenic influence on oligotrophic water body zoobenthos on the example of Imandra Lake. In: Krjuchkov VV (Ed.) State of Natural Environment of North Kola and the Forecast of its Development. Kola Branch of Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, Apatity, 36–47.
  • Kaygorodova IA, Bolbat NB, Bolbat AV (2019) Species delimitation through DNA barcoding of freshwater leeches of the Glossiphonia genus (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) from Eastern Siberia, Russia. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. [in press]
  • Leshko JuV, Fefilova EB, Baturina MA, Khokhlova LG (2008) Aquatic invertebrates of Vaygach and Dolgiy islands. In: Ponomarev VI (Ed.) The Diversity and Spatial Ecological Organization of European Northeast Animal Population. Publishing House of Komi SC UrB RAS, Syktyvkar, 102–117.
  • Lukin EI (1956) On finding in the USSR an interesting type of leeches – Boreobdella verrucata (Fr. Muller). Zoological Zhurnal 35(9): 1417–19.
  • Lukin EI (1957) New data on composition of the Komi ASSR leech fauna. Proceedings of Komi Branch of the USSR Geographical Society 4: 111–118.
  • Lukin EI (1962) Leeches of the USA River Basin and their significance in fish nutrition. In: Zvereva OS (Ed.) Fish of the Usa River Basin and their Food Resources. Publishing House of Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow-Leningrad, 225–230.
  • Lukin EI (1966) New data on the distribution of leeches in the Pechora River basin. In: Belyaev GM et al. (Eds) Hydrobiological Study and Economic Development of the USSR Far North Lakes. Nauka, Moscow, 63–70.
  • Lukin EI (1976) Leeches of fresh and saline waters (Fauna of the USSR. Leeches). In: Bykhovsky B (Ed.) Fauna USSR. Nauka, Leningrad, 195–467.
  • Morev AP (1983a) Materials on the Oligochaeta fauna of some Northeast water bodies of USSR. Inland Water Biology 60: 37–40.
  • Morev AP (1983b) Ecological groupings of oligochaetes in the Anadyr River basin. Hydrobiological Journal 19(5): 59–63.
  • Morev AP, Nejman MYu, Zasypkina IA (1985) Fauna of the Upper Kolyma bottom communities. In: Berman DI (Ed.) Thin Forest Zone of the Upper Kolyma (Kolyma Hydroelectric station Building Area). Publishing House of the Far East branch of Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, Vladivostok, 117–128.
  • Nesemann H (1990) Investigations on two Glossiphonia species (Hirudinea) from running waters of Central Europe with a redescription of Glossiphonia concolor (Apáthy, 1888). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 82: 65–74.
  • Nesemann H, Neubert E (1999) Clitellata, Branchiobdellida, Acanthobdellida, Hirudinea. In: Schwoebeland J, Zwig P (Eds) Süsswasserfauna von Mitteleuropa. Spectrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Berlin, 178 pp.
  • Nurminen M (1980) Notes on enchytraeids (Oligochaeta) of the USSR. Annales Zoologici Fennici 17: 175–179.
  • O`Toole C, Donohue I, Moe SJ, Irvine K (2008) Nutrient optima and tolerances of benthic invertebrates, the effects of taxonomic resolution and testing of selected metrics in lakes using an extensive European data base. Aquatic Ecology 42: 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-008-9185-8
  • Popchenko VI (1972) Oligochaete fauna of the lakes of Solovetsky Islands. Proceedings of All-Union Hydrobiological Society 17: 42–50.
  • Popchenko VI (1978) Oligochaeta. In: Getsen MV (Ed.) Flora and Fauna of North European Water Bodies: On the Example of the Bolshezemelskaya Tundra. Nauka, Leningrad, 51–58.
  • Popchenko VI (1988) Aquatic Oligochaeta of the Northern Europe. Nauka, Leningrad, 287 pp.
  • Soes DM, Cuppen JGM (2004) The occurrence of Glossiphonia verrucata in The Netherlands (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae). Lauterbornia 52: 139–145.
  • Sokolskaya NL (1972) New materials on aquatic Oligochaeta fauna of Kamchatka. Archives of the zoological museum of Moscow State University, 12: 72–103.
  • Sokolskaya NL (1986) To the tubificid and lumbriculid fauna (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae, Lumbriculidae) of the Chukotka Peninsula. Archives of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University 20: 120–143.
  • Stalmakova GA (1974) Benthos of lakes from various landscapes of the Kola Peninsula. In: Forsh LF, Nazarov GV (Eds) Lakes from Various Landscapes of the Kola Peninsula. Nauka, Leningrad, 180–212.
  • Stepanov LN (2016) Diversity of the zoobenthos of water bodies and watercourses of the Setnaya and Ngoyakha Rivers basins (the Yamal Peninsula, the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area). Fauna of the Urals and Siberia 1: 90–104.
  • Stepanov LN (2017) Zoobenthos of water bodies and watercourses of the River Yarayakha basin (Southern Yamal, the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area). Fauna of the Urals and Siberia 1: 116–131.
  • Stepanov LN (2018) Zoobenthos of lakes of the Kamenniy Cape (the Yamal Peninsula, the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Are). Fauna of the Urals and Siberia 1: 126–137.
  • Timm T (1987) Aquatic Oligochaeta of the northwestern part of the USSR. Valgus, Tallinn, 299 pp.
  • Timm T (2009) A guide to the freshwater Oligochaeta and Polychaeta of northern and central Europe. Lauterbornia 66: 1–235.
  • Timm T, Popchenko V (1978) The aquatic Oligochaeta of the Murmansk Region. Hydrobiological Studies (Tartu) 7: 71–132.
  • Utevsky SYu, Dubov PG, Prokin AA (2015) First Russian record of Erpobdella monostriata: DNA barcoding and geographical distribution (Annelida, Hirudinida, Erpobdellidae). Spixiana 38(2): 161–168.
  • Van Haaren T, Hop P, Soes M, Tempelman D (2004) The freshwater leeches (Hirudinea) of The Netherlands. Lauterbornia 52: 113–131.
  • Vershinin NV (1960) On the question of the origin of relict fauna in the Norilsk group of lakes. Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences 135(3): 753–755.
  • Veselov EA (1977) Fish of the Kola Peninsula water bodies. University of Petrozavodsk, Petrozavodsk, 96 pp.
  • Vinberg GG, Vlasova TA (1976) Productivity of the lakes from eastern part of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra. Nauka, Leningrad, 147 pp.
  • Williams BW, Gelder SR, Proctor HC, Coltman DW (2013) Molecular phylogeny of North American Branchiobdellida (Annelida: Clitellata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66(1): 30–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.09.002
  • Zaloznyj NA (1976) Aquatic oligochaete and leech fauna of Western Siberia. In: Ioganzen BG (Ed.) Issues of Ecology. Tomsk University, Tomsk, Vol. 4, 97–112.
  • Zaloznyj NA (1978) Hirudinea. In: Getsen MV (Ed.) Flora and Fauna of North European Water Bodies: On the Example of the Bolshezemelskaya Tundra. Nauka, Leningrad, 58–60.
  • Zaloznyj NA (1984) Role of oligochaete and leeches in Western Siberian water bodies ecosystems. In: Berdichevskiyi LS (Ed.) Biological Resources of Siberian and Far Eastern Inland Waters. Nauka, Moscow, 124–142.
  • Zinchenko TD, Gladyshev MI, Makhutova ON, Sushchik NN, Kalachova GS, Golovatyuk LV (2014) Saline rivers provide arid landscapes with a considerable amount of biochemically valuable production of chironomid (Diptera) larvae. Hydrobiologia 722: 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1684-5
  • Zinovyev VN (1981) Zoobenthos of Ayan Lake. In: Galazyi GI, Parmuzin YuP (Eds) Lakes of North-West of Siberian Platform. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 135–142.
login to comment