Research Article |
Corresponding author: Shuqiang Li ( lisq@ioz.ac.cn ) Academic editor: Yuri Marusik
© 2020 Cheng Wang, Shuqiang Li.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Wang C, Li S (2020) On eight species of jumping spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Salticidae). ZooKeys 909: 25-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.909.47137
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Seven new species of jumping spiders collected from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, China are diagnosed and described: Cytaea tongi sp. nov. (♂♀), Dexippus pengi sp. nov. (♂♀), Euophrys subwanyan sp. nov. (♂♀), Gelotia liuae sp. nov. (♂♀), Irura lvshilinensis sp. nov. (♂♀), Rhene menglunensis sp. nov. (♂♀), and Siler zhangae sp. nov. (♂). The female of Gelotia zhengi Cao & Li, 2016 is described for the first time.
Morphology, new species, salticid, South China, taxonomy
Of the 6173 jumping spider species known worldwide (
Recently, several expeditions to Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG) were carried out by colleagues from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and more jumping spiders were collected. In this paper, seven new species are described in addition to the female of Gelotia zhengi Cao & Li, 2016 for the first time.
Specimens were mainly collected by fogging, beating shrubs, and hand collecting from the tree canopy, tree trunks, and leaf litter in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. All specimens were preserved in 75% ethanol. All specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (
The specimens were examined with an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope. After dissection, the epigyne was cleared in trypsin enzyme solution before examination and imaging. Left male palps were used for the description and illustration. Photos of the copulatory organs and habitus were taken with a Kuy Nice CCD mounted on an Olympus BX53 compound microscope. Compound focus images were generated using Helicon Focus v. 6.7.1.
All measurements are given in millimeters. Leg measurements are given as: total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). References to figures in the cited papers are listed in lowercase type (fig. or figs); figures in this paper are noted with an initial capital (Fig. or Figs). Abbreviations used in the text and figures are as follows:
AERW anterior eye row width;
ALE anterior lateral eye;
AME anterior median eye;
AR anterior chamber of receptacle;
BR body of receptacle;
C conductor;
CD copulatory duct;
CO copulatory opening;
CP cymbial process;
E embolus;
EFL eye field length;
FD fertilization duct;
F fold;
ICR intermediate canal of receptacle;
H hood;
HR head of receptacle;
PERW posterior eye row width;
PLE posterior lateral eye;
PME posterior median eye;
PR posterior chamber of receptacle;
PTA prolateral tibial apophysis;
RPA retrolateral patella apophysis;
RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis;
R receptacle;
S septum;
SD sperm duct;
VTA ventral tibial apophysis;
W window.
Cytaea alburna Keyserling, 1882 from Australia.
The genus Cytaea contains 41 nominal species and is currently known from the Asia and Oceania. It is rather poorly studied, as more than half (22) of its species are only known from a single sex and some species have no diagnostic illustrations and can not be confidently identified.
Holotype
♂ (
The specific name is a patronym after Yanfeng Tong (Shenyang, China), one of the collectors of the new species.
Cytaea tongi sp. nov. resembles C. oreophila Simon, 1902 known from Indonesia and Singapore by the shape of the copulatory organs and habitus but differs in the following: 1) the RTA is curved towards the bulb medially in ventral view (Fig.
Male. Total length 5.09. Carapace 2.46 long, 1.87 wide. Abdomen 2.52 long, 1.37 wide. Clypeus 0.14 high. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.46, ALE 0.32, PLE 0.28, AERW 1.83, PERW 1.87, EFL 1.15. Legs: I 6.11 (1.63, 2.66, 1.22, 0.60), II 5.55 (1.63, 2.15, 1.22, 0.55), III 5.81 (1.80, 1.95, 1.46, 0.60), IV 6.04 (1.90, 2.05, 1.49, 0.60). Carapace (Figs
Female. Total length 5.26. Carapace 2.41 long, 1.91 wide. Abdomen 2.63 long, 1.54 wide. Clypeus 0.15 high. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.46, ALE 0.32, PLE 0.27, AERW 1.83, PERW 1.87, EFL 1.15. Legs: I 5.31 (1.59, 2.12, 1.05, 0.55), II 4.75 (1.59, 1.66, 0.95, 0.55), III 5.33 (1.63, 1.88, 1.27, 0.55), IV 5.50 (1.71, 1.90, 1.34, 0.55). Habitus (Fig.
China (Yunnan).
Although differing greatly from the type species of the genus, we place the new species in Cytaea because it is similar to C. oreophila and C. carolinensis, two species already placed in this genus.
Dexippus kleini Thorell, 1891 from Indonesia.
The poorly known genus Dexippus contains three species, one endemic each to Indonesia, India, and China. Two are known from males, and D. topali
Holotype
♂ (
The specific name is a patronym in honor of Dr Xianjin Peng (Changsha, China), who has produced many important works on the taxonomy of Chinese jumping spiders.
Dexippus pengi sp. nov. resembles D. topali Prószyński, 1992 from India by the shape of the copulatory organs and habitus but differs in the following: 1) palpal tibia is longer than wide (Fig.
Male. Total length 5.37. Carapace 2.76 long, 2.17 wide. Abdomen 2.41 long, 1.61 wide. Clypeus 0.09 high. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.57, ALE 0.37, PLE 0.35, AERW 2.07, PERW 2.07, EFL 1.30. Legs: I 5.10 (1.63, 2.05, 0.83, 0.59), II 4.62 (1.24, 2.01, 0.78, 0.59), III 5.25 (1.73, 1.88, 1.05, 0.59), IV 5.69 (1.90, 1.93, 1.27, 0.59). Carapace (Figs
Female. Total length 4.77. Carapace 2.21 long, 1.75 wide. Abdomen 2.60 long, 1.87 wide. Clypeus 0.09 high. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.55, ALE 0.31, PLE 0.27, AERW 1.69, PERW 1.69, EFL 1.06. Legs: I 3.78 (1.17, 1.56, 0.61, 0.44), II 3.76 (1.22, 1.49, 0.61, 0.44), III 4.60 (1.59, 1.54, 0.93, 0.54), IV 4.91 (1.59, 1.76, 1.02, 0.54). Habitus (Fig.
China (Yunnan).
Aranea frontalis Walckenaer, 1802 from France.
The genus Euophrys is one of the largest genera of the family Salticidae, currently containing 108 nominal species from the Holarctic, Afrotropical, and Neotropical realms (
Holotype
♂ (
The specific epithet is referring to the similarity with E. wanyan Berry, Beatty & Prószyński, 1996, substantive.
Euophrys subwanyan sp. nov. resembles E. wanyan known from Caroline Island in the Eastern Pacific by the shape of the copulatory organs and habitus but differs by the following: 1) the embolus is directed anteriorly (Fig.
Male. Total length 3.46. Carapace 1.86 long, 1.38 wide. Abdomen 1.67 long, 1.11 wide. Clypeus 0.07 high. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.43, ALE 0.29, PLE 0.25, AERW 1.48, PERW 1.33, EFL 0.92. Legs: I 3.61 (1.10, 1.37, 0.63, 0.51), II 3.05 (0.93, 1.12, 0.54, 0.46), III 3.49 (1.10, 1.15, 0.73, 0.51), IV 3.74 (1.20, 1.27, 0.76, 0.51). Carapace (Figs
Female. Total length 4.18. Carapace 1.82 long, 1.43 wide. Abdomen 2.29 long, 1.63 wide. Clypeus 0.07 high. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.47, ALE 0.33, PLE 0.28, AERW 1.83, PERW 1.87, EFL 1.15. Legs: I 3.70 (1.10, 1.41, 0.63, 0.56), II 3.39 (1.12, 1.17, 0.59, 0.51), III 3.93 (1.24, 1.34, 0.83, 0.52), IV 4.34 (1.32, 1.46, 1.02, 0.54). Habitus (Fig.
China (Yunnan).
The new species has been assigned to this genus due to similarity to E. wanyan. However, both species differ from the type species, E. frontalis (Walckenaer, 1802) (i.e. the face without coloured eyebrows, versus distinct eyebrows in E. frontalis; embolic base perpendicular to the long axis of the palp, versus parallel to the long axis of the palp in E. frontalis; RTA is not needle-shaped).
Gelotia frenata Thorell, 1890 from Indonesia.
The genus Gelotia contains nine nominal species currently known from East and South Asia, peninsular Malaysia through the Indonesian archipelago to New Guinea (
Gelotia sp.: Maddison et al. 2014: 68, fig. 7 (♂).
Holotype
♂ (
The specific name is a patronym after Shijia Liu (Shenyang, China), one of the collectors of the new species.
The male of G. liuae sp. nov. resembles G. syringopalpis, known from Southeast Asia, in having 3 palpal tibial apophyses, a slender embolus, and a flattened tegulum but differs in the following: 1) the RTA is directed towards 7:30 o’clock in retrolateral view (Fig.
Male. Total length 4.04. Carapace 2.08 long, 1.67 wide. Abdomen 2.12 long, 1.27 wide. Clypeus 0.10 high. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.49, ALE 0.29, PLE 0.25, AERW 1.62, PERW 1.59, EFL 1.08. Legs: I 5.13 (1.49, 1.88, 1.15, 0.61), II 4.78 (1.41, 1.68, 1.10, 0.59), III 4.59 (1.34, 1.56, 1.10, 0.59), IV 6.33 (1.80, 2.12, 1.80, 0.61). Carapace (Figs
Female. Total length 4.61. Carapace 2.39 long, 1.78 wide. Abdomen 2.33 long, 1.52 wide. Clypeus 0.11 high. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.50, ALE 0.30, PLE 0.25, AERW 1.74, PERW 1.75, EFL 1.15. Legs: I 5.35 (1.63, 2.01, 1.10, 0.61), II 5.02 (1.63, 1.76, 1.02, 0.61), III 4.82 (1.63, 1.56, 1.02, 0.61), IV 6.32 (1.83, 2.17, 1.71, 0.61). Habitus (Fig.
China (Yunnan, Guangxi).
Although “Gelotia sp. [Guangxi] (from China)” of Maddison et al. (2014) is known by the figure of only the male palpal tibia, the structure is identical to G. liuae sp. nov. Thus, they are determined to be the same species, and the distribution of the new species includes Guangxi Province.
Gelotia zhengi
Cao & Li, in
1♂ 1♀ (
The male has been diagnosed by Cao and Li (2016). The female resembles. G. bimaculata Thorell, 1890 from Borneo but differs by the following: 1) the receptacles are widest medially (Fig.
Male. Described by Cao and Li (2016).
Female. Total length 9.13. Carapace 4.12 long, 2.97 wide. Abdomen 5.56 long, 3.38 wide. Clypeus 0.14 high. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.70, ALE 0.41, PLE 0.38, AERW 2.38, PERW 2.25, EFL 1.63. Legs: I 8.39 (2.39, 3.12, 1.90, 0.98), II 7.42 (2.12, 2.71, 1.71, 0.88), III 6.95 (1.95, 2.39, 1.78, 0.83), IV 8.29 (2.39, 3.12, 2.80, 0.98). Carapace (Figs
China (Yunnan).
Irura pulchra Peckham & Peckham, 1901 from Sri Lanka.
The genus Irura is represented by 16 nominal species that are endemic to Vietnam (2), Malaysia (1), Sri Lanka (1), and China (11). The type locality of I. mandarina Simon, 1903 is unknown other than “Southeast Asia” (
Holotype
♂ (
The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; adjective.
The male of I. lvshilinensis sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from other species considered in this genus except for I. uniprocessa Mi & Wang, 2016 from China by lacking a RTA. It can be distinguished from I. uniprocessa by the following: 1) the embolus is about one and a third times the bulb length (Fig.
Male. Total length 3.98. Carapace 1.96 long, 2.05 wide. Abdomen 2.20 long, 1.82 wide. Clypeus 0.03 high. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.45, ALE 0.29, PLE 0.21, AERW 1.68, PERW 1.95, EFL 0.96. Legs: I 5.00 (1.59, 2.24, 0.71, 0.46), II 2.99 (0.98, 1.07, 0.54, 0.40), III 2.73 (0.93, 0.90, 0.50, 0.40), IV 3.11 (1.02, 1.07, 0.61, 0.41). Carapace (Figs
Female. Total length 3.65. Carapace 1.54 long, 1.67 wide. Abdomen 2.14 long, 1.79 wide. Clypeus 0.03 high. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.37, ALE 0.21, PLE 0.19, AERW 1.39, PERW 1.74, EFL 0.88. Legs: I 3.63 (0.98, 1.63, 0.61, 0.41), II 2.64 (0.85, 0.95, 0.44, 0.40), III 2.34 (0.76, 0.78, 0.40, 0.40), IV 2.91 (0.95, 1.10, 0.46, 0.40). Habitus (Fig.
China (Yunnan).
Rhanis flavigera C.L. Koch, 1846 from Indonesia.
The genus Rhene with 64 named species has never been revised. Both sexes are not yet known for more than two-thirds (42) of the species, and some are known from juvenile specimens. To date, 19 species have been recorded from Southeast Asia. Of these, 10 are known from only a single sex: seven from males and three from females, and two species are known from juvenile specimens. Presently, 10 species, including five endemics, are known from China (
Holotype
♂ (
The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; adjective.
The male of R. menglunensis sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from other species of the genus by the conductor having several spinose processes. The female of the new species resembles R. atrata Karsch, 1881 known from Far East Asia in the general shape of the epigyne but differs by the following: 1) the epigynal hood is wider than long (Fig.
Male. Total length 3.15. Carapace 1.47 long, 1.55 wide. Abdomen 1.82 long, 1.43 wide. Clypeus 0.04 high. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.36, ALE 0.20, PLE 0.15, AERW 1.22, PERW 1.58, EFL 0.99. Legs: I 3.14 (1.10, 1.20, 0.44, 0.40), II 2.38 (0.76, 0.80, 0.42, 0.40), III 2.19 (0.68, 0.71, 0.40, 0.40), IV 2.74 (0.88, 0.95, 0.51, 0.40). Carapace (Figs
Female. Total length 3.74. Carapace 1.53 long, 1.65 wide. Abdomen 2.32 long, 1.62 wide. Clypeus 0.04 high. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.35, ALE 0.19, PLE 0.15, AERW 1.19, PERW 1.58, EFL 0.96. Legs: I 2.84 (1.15, 1.05, 0.32, 0.32), II 2.34 (0.80, 0.88, 0.34, 0.32), III 2.18 (0.71, 0.73, 0.42, 0.32), IV 2.96 (0.98, 1.12, 0.54, 0.32). Habitus (Fig.
China (Yunnan).
Siler cupreus Simon, 1889 from Japan.
The genus Siler contains 10 nominal species currently known from East, South, and Southeast Asia. It is rather poorly studied and has not been revised. More than half (six) of the species are known from only a single sex: four from males and two from females. Additionally, one species has never been illustrated. Five species, including an endemic, occur in China (
Holotype
♂ (
The specific name is a patronym in honor of Dr Junxia Zhang (Baoding, China), who has contributed greatly to the taxonomy of jumping spiders worldwide.
Siler zhangae sp. nov. resembles S. semiglaucus (Simon, 1901) from Southeast Asia by having a relatively long bulb but differs by the following: 1) the embolus is directed anteriorly (Fig.
Male. Total length 3.76. Carapace 1.68 long, 1.27 wide. Abdomen 1.98 long, 1.19 wide. Clypeus 0.04 high. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.36, ALE 0.21, PLE 0.16, AERW 1.08, PERW 1.19, EFL 0.86. Legs: I 3.82 (1.32, 1.41, 0.68, 0.41), II 2.91 (0.93, 1.02, 0.56, 0.40), III 3.29 (1.02, 1.10, 0.73, 0.44), IV 4.31 (1.29, 1.51, 1.07, 0.44). Carapace (Figs
Female. Unknown.
China (Yunnan).
This species is described based on males only, and so there is a possibility it is conspecific to one of the two species (S. flavocinctus (Simon, 1901), S. bielawskii Zabka, 1985) known from only females.
Frontal view of Carapace, A–F, H male holotype; G female. A Cytaea tongi sp. nov. B Euophrys subwanyan sp. nov. C Dexippus pengi sp. nov. D Gelotia liuae sp. nov. E Irura lvshilinensis sp. nov. F Rhene menglunensis sp. nov. G Gelotia zhengi Cao & Li, 2016 H Siler zhangae sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.3 (A–F, H); 0.5 G.
Dorsal view of chelicerae, A–F, H male holotype; G female. A Cytaea tongi sp. nov. B Euophrys subwanyan sp. nov. C Dexippus pengi sp. nov. D Gelotia liuae sp. nov. E Irura lvshilinensis sp. nov. F Rhene menglunensis sp. nov. G Gelotia zhengi Cao & Li, 2016 H Siler zhangae sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.1.
Prolateral view of right leg I, A–F, H male holotype; G female. A Cytaea tongi sp. nov. B Euophrys subwanyan sp. nov. C Dexippus pengi sp. nov. D Gelotia liuae sp. nov. E Irura lvshilinensis sp. nov. F Rhene menglunensis sp. nov. G Gelotia zhengi Cao & Li, 2016 H Siler zhangae sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5.
The manuscript benefited greatly from comments by Yuri Marusik (Magadan, Russia), Dmitri Logunov (Manchester, UK), Peter Koomen (Leeuwarden, Holland), Galina N. Azarkina (Novosibirsk, Russia), and Wayne Maddison (Vancouver, Canada). Sarah Crews (San Francisco, USA) kindly checked the English of the earlier draft. Yanfeng Tong (Shenyang), Hao Yu (Guiyang), Zhigang Chen (Beijing), Zilong Bai (Beijing), Shijia Liu (Shenyang), Xiaoqi Mi (Tongren), Jiahui Gan (Tongren), Yuanfa Yang (Tongren) and Hong Liu (Tongren) kindly helped in collecting the specimens. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Shuqiang Li (NSFC-31530067) and Xiaoqi Mi (NSFC-31660609), Science and Technology Cooperation Project Foundation of Guizhou Province (LH-2016/7303), Natural Science Research Project Foundation of Guizhou Province of Education (KY-2018-345).