Research Article |
Corresponding author: Julia Shrubovych ( shrubovych@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Wanda M. Weiner
© 2019 Julia Shrubovych.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Shrubovych J (2019) Nienna chukotka sp. nov. (Protura, Acerentomidae, Nipponentominae) from the Arctic region, with a key to species of the genus. ZooKeys 899: 37-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.899.47030
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A new species of Nienna was collected in the most northern part of the Palearctic, inside the Arctic Circle. In possessing seta Pc on tergite VII and sternites VI–VII and a very long foretarsal sensillum a, Nienna chukotka sp. nov. is more similar to Alaskaentomon species than to the other Nienna species distributed in southern Siberia and northern China. The new species differs from nearly all other members of Nipponentominae in possessing five anterior setae on tergite VII and in the presence of posterolateral pores on tergite I, as in members of Hesperentomon (Hesperentomidae). An identification key to Nienna species is provided.
Chaetotaxy, Chukotka, identification key, northern Palearctic, porotaxy
The proturan genus Nienna Szeptycki, 1988 was created for Nienna parvula Szeptycki, 1988, described from the Altai mountains in southern Siberia (
Protura specimens collected from western Chukotka in 2018 were extracted from soil samples with Berlese-Tullgren funnels into 95% ethanol. The specimens were mounted on glass slides in Faure’s medium (
The classification system of Protura follows
Abd. abdominal segments,
Th. thoracic segments,
A-setae anterior setae,
P-setae posterior setae,
fp frontal,
cp clypeal,
al anterolateral,
sl sublateral,
sal sternal anterolateral,
psm posterosubmedial,
psl posterosublateral,
pl posterolateral,
spm sternal posteromedial,
spsm sternal posterosubmedial cuticular pore.
The genus Nienna is characterized by three pairs of A-setae on the mesonotum and metanotum, small, indistinctly granulated appendices on the calyx and a short posterior filament on the maxillary gland. The foretarsal sensillum t1 is filiform, sensillum t3 is small and globular (lanceolate in N. quinghaiensis Bu &Yin, 2008), the position of sensillum d is close to the base of e, and seta β1 is setiform. Sensillum a’ is distal to the base of t2. Sensillum b’ is missing. The genus is similar to twelve other genera from the subfamily Nipponentominae in having abdominal legs with 2 nearly equal setae, 5 pairs of A-setae on tergites II–VI (except for Alaskaentomon Nosek, 1977 and Nanshanentulus Bu & Yin, 2007) and by the posterior position of seta P3 on abdominal tergites II–VI (except for A. fjellbergi Nosek, 1977) (
Holotype (ISEA 6650): female, Russia, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Chaunskiy district, 2 kilometers from Apapelgino village, hill Akanotenmeem, in dry locality with Dryas sp., elev. 20 m, 69°48'40"N, 170°35'51"E, 24-VII-2018, coll. Makarov K. and Makarova O. Paratype (ISEA 6651): female, same data as holotype. The holotype and paratype are deposited in the collection of the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Krakow, Poland (ISEA).
Nienna chukotka is characterized by 3 pairs of A-setae on the mesonotum, metanotum and tergite VIII, 3 A-setae on sternites I–VII, absence of P1a setae on tergites I–VI, 5 pairs of A-setae on tergites II–VII, absence of A2 on prosternum, presence of seta Pc on tergite VII and sternites VI–VII, and presence of additional d6 setae on head. Foretarsal sensillum a is broadened, very long, surpassing the base of sensillum e. Posterolateral pores (pl) present on tergite I, psl pores present on tergites VI and VII, asymmetrical spsm pores present on sternites IV–VII.
Head setae l3, sd4 and sd5 long, setiform, additional seta d6 present, length ratio of posterior setae d7:sd7:l5 as 2.4:2.5:1.0; frontal pore (fp) and a pair of clypeal (cp) pores present (Fig.
Foretarsus (Fig.
Formula of chaetotaxy given in Table
Dorsal | Ventral | |||
Segment | Formula | Setal composition | Formula | Setal composition |
Th. I | 4 | 1, 2 | (2+4)/6 | A1, M1, 2, |
P1, 2, 3 | ||||
Th. II | 8/16 | A2, 3, 4, M | (5+2)/4 | Ac, 2, 3, M |
P1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 4, 5 | P1, 3 | |||
Th. III | 8/16 | A2, 3, 4, M | (7+2)/4 | Ac, 2, 3, 4, M |
P1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 4, 5 | P1, 3 | |||
Abd. I | 8(6)/10 | A1, 2, (3), 5 | 3/4 | Ac, 2 |
P1, 2, 2a, 3, 4 | P1, 1a | |||
Abd. II-III | 10/14 | A1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 3/5 | Ac, 2 |
P1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 4a, 5 | Pc, 1a, 2 | |||
Abd. IV-V | 10/14 | A1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 3/8 | Ac, 2 |
P1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 4a, 5 | P1, 1a, 2, 3 | |||
Abd. VI | 10/14 | A1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 3/9 | Ac, 2 |
P1, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 4a, 5 | Pc, 1, 1a, 2, 3 | |||
Abd. VII | 10/19 | A1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 3/9 | Ac, 2 |
Pc, 1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 4, 4a, 5 | Pc, 1, 1a, 2, 3 | |||
Abd. VIII | 6/15 | A1, 4, 5 | 4/2 | 1, 2 |
Pc, 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 4, 4a, 5 | P1a | |||
Abd. IX | 12 | 1, 1a, 2, 2a, 3, 4 | 4 | 1, 2 |
Abd. X | 10 | 1, 2, 2a, 3, 4 | 4 | 1, 2 |
Abd. XI | 6 | 1, 3, 4 | 6 | |
Abd. XII | 9 | 6 |
Accessory setae on tergites and sternites I–VII setiform, those of tergite VII significantly longer than those on I–VI. (Fig.
Abdominal legs with 4, 2, 2 setae. Subapical and lateral apical setae on second and third pairs of abdominal legs nearly equal in length, 15 and 14 μm, respectively (Fig.
Abdominal segment VIII with distinct striate band; tergite and sternite anteriorly with irregular small teeth (Figs
Female squama genitalis with short, pointed acrostyli (Fig.
Body measurements (2 females) (in μm): maximum body length 1004, head 115, pseudoculus 8, lever 3, posterior part of maxillary gland 12; pronotal setae 1 18, 2 11; mesonotal setae P1 19, P1a 7, P2 25, M 10, foretarsus 94–95, claw 30, empodial appendage 4.
Nienna chukotka sp. nov. holotype. A Part of pro- and mesonotum B part of metanotum C part of tergite I D part of tergite VI E anterior part of prosternum F anterior part of mesosternum G sternite I H part of tergite VII I part of tergite VIII J abdominal leg of segment II K sternite VI L sternite VII M sternite VIII N sternites IX–X O hind margin of sternite XII. Arrows show pores. Scale bars: 20 µm.
In the holotype, seta P4 is doubled asymmetrically on the mesonotum; in the paratype, seta A3 is absent symmetrically on tergite I and seta P2a is doubled on tergite VII.
The species name is taken from the general locality where the specimens were collected.
Nienna chukotka sp. nov. differs from N. parvula and N. quinghaiensis in the presence of seta Pc on tergite VII and sternites VI–VII (in N. quinghaiensis seta Pc is present on sternite VII only), the presence of 5 pairs of A-setae (4 pairs in the other two species) and P3a on tergite VII, the shape of the accessory setae on tergites and sternites I–VI (setiform in the new species, sensilliform in the other two species) and the shape of foretarsal sensilla a, c and e (in the other species sensillum a is shorter, reaching base of sensillum t2, sensilla c and e short and broad). The porotaxy of meso- and metanota and abdominal sternites also differs: Nienna chukotka has two pairs of sl and al pores on the meso- and metanota, and asymmetrical spsm pores on sternites IV–VII;], whereas N. parvula has a pair of sl pores on the meso- and metanota, and a simple spm pore on sternites VI–VII. Nienna quinghaiensis has al and l pores on the mesonotum, l pores on the metanotum, and an spm pore on sternite VII. The new species is more similar to N. parvula in possessing traces of a striate band on sternites IX–X and in the globular foretarsal sensillum t3. Nienna chukotka is characterized by the presence of pl on tergite I, which is the first report of posterolateral pores in Acerentomidae.
The foretarsus of N. chukotka sp. nov. has a very long sensillum a, surpassing the base of sensillum e, and filiform foretarsal sensillum t1, characters shared with two species of Alaskaentomon (A. fjellbergi, A. condei). These two Alaskaentomon species possess seta Pc on tergite VII and sternites VI–VII. Alaskaentomon spp. differ from N. chukotka sp. nov. in having two pairs of A-setae on the meso- and metanota and large granulated appendices on the calyx of the maxillary gland (
1 | Foretarsal sensillum a very long, surpassing base of sensillum e, tergite VII with 5 pairs of A-setae and with Pc, P3a present, sternites VI–VII with Pc | Nienna chukotka sp. nov. |
– | Foretarsal sensillum a short, nearly reaching base of sensillum t2, tergite VII with 4 pairs of A-setae and without Pc, P3a absent, sternite VI without Pc, sternite VII with or without Pc | 2 |
2 | Foretarsal sensilla b and c nearly equal in length, seta δ4 setiform, sternite VII without Pc | N. parvula Szeptycki, 1988 |
– | Foretarsal sensillum c half the length of b, seta δ4 sensilliform, sternite VII with Pc | N. quinghaiensis Bu & Yin, 2008 |
The author is very grateful to Kirill Makarov (Moscow State Pedagogical University) and Olga Makarova (Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution) for Protura material from the western Chukotka, to Anatoly Babenko (Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution) for valuable comments, to Ernest C. Bernard (University of Tennessee) for English corrections and remarks, to Osami Nakamura for the review and to the editor Wanda M. Weiner for her constructive comments.