Research Article |
Corresponding author: Philippe Auger ( philippe.auger@supagro.inra.fr ) Academic editor: Vladimir Pesic
© 2015 Philippe Auger, Tea Arabuli, Alain Migeon.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Auger P, Arabuli T, Migeon A (2015) Two new species of Bryobia (Acarina, Prostigmata, Tetranychidae) from South France. ZooKeys 480: 21-39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.480.9166
|
Two new species of Tetranychidae belonging to the genus Bryobia are reported from France. Bryobia belliloci sp. n. and B. gigas sp. n. collected on Genista cinerea and Bituminaria bituminosa, respectively, are described and illustrated in the present work. Additional data to the original description of B. cinereae are given and an identification key to known Bryobia species from France is also provided.
Acari , Tetranychidae , new species, Leguminosae , France
Among forty eight species of Tetranychidae recorded from France fourteen species belong to the genus Bryobia Koch, 1836, six of them being endemic to this country (
Mites were collected directly from field samples in 70% ethyl alcohol. Following clearing in lactic acid (50%) for 24 hours they were mounted in Hoyer’s medium. The specimens were examined using a Leica DM LB 2 phase contrast microscope and illustrated with the aid of a drawing tube attachment (camera lucida). Measurements were taken using the imaging software Perfect Image® (Clara Vision) coupled with ProgRes® Capture Pro 2.6 software for image acquisition. The setal nomenclature used in the descriptions follows
Holotype (female), 22 female, 1 deutonymph and 1 protonymph paratypes on 25 microscopic preparations from Genista cinerea (Vill.) DC. (Leguminosae), Pla d’Auçà (42°35.28’ N, 2°20.58’ E, alt. 1,210 m), Serdinya, Pyrénées-Orientales (66), France, 6.VI.2013, leg. P. Auger and A. Migeon. All the material housed in the collection of the Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations (CBGP), coll. Auger-Migeon N°1839 for holotype and 1840-1863 for paratypes, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez, France.
Limited anterior dorsal propodosomal projections over gnathosoma, outer prodorsal lobes scarcely developed more resembling to tubercle-like structures, inner lobes more developed, base almost fully fused, more or less cone-shaped, with wide shallow incision between inner vertical setae (v1). Dorsal setae elongate, serrate, with sharp tips, inserted on tubercles, subequal in length on hysterosoma, second pair of dorsocentral hysterosomal setae (d1) longer than distance to consecutive setae (e1) insertions, f1 and f2 setae marginal and contiguous. Empodia with two rows of tenent hairs.
FEMALE. Holotype 485 long (excluding gnathosoma) gnathosoma 110 long (measured to the tip of palps), width 352. 9 paratypes measured, 481–528, gnathosoma 104–120 long, width 318–354.
Dorsum. Prodorsum with four pairs of setae, with weakly developed anterior lobes (Figs
Gnathosoma. Stylophore rounded, slightly emarginate anteriorly, longer than wide. Tibial claw of palpus bidentate (Fig.
Venter. Striation transverse between 1st (1a) and 2nd (3a) pairs of setae, irregularly longitudinal (broken medially, oblique laterally) between 2nd and 3rd (4a) pairs of setae, transverse between members of 4a and between 4a and aggenital (ag) pairs of setae. Area immediately anterior to genital flap with irregular longitudinal striation, V-shaped between ag setae. Sacculus of spermatheca small and oval (Fig.
Legs. Shorter than body length. Leg I 330 (317–335) long (measured from trochanter to tarsus), leg II 249 (237–250), leg III 245 (237–260), leg IV 272 (266–281). Length of segments of leg I as follows: trochanter 24 (21–30), femur 101 (92–108), genu 57 (50–57), tibia 71 (66–74), tarsus 78 (74–78). Leg setal counts as follows (Figs
I 2 − 1 − 9 [7-10] − 4 − 9 [8] + (1) – 17[16] + (2) + 2 duplexes;
II 1 − 1 – 6[5-7] − 4 –5[3-4] − 15[14] + (2) + 1 duplex;
III 1 − 1 – 4[3-5] – 2 [1-3] − 4[5] − 12[11] + 1 duplex;
IV 1 − 1 − 4 [3-5] – 2[3] – 6 [4-5] − 13[12-14] + (1).
True claws uncinate, with one pair of tenent hairs, empodial pads I-IV similar with two rows of ventrally directed tenent hairs (Fig.
MALE: Unknown
DEUTONYMPH: one specimen measured, 520 long (including gnathosoma), width 330.
Dorsum. Prodorsal lobes similar in shape to females (Fig.
Legs. Shorter than body length, leg I 233 long (including coxa). Internal lateral seta (l’) on femur I large. Leg setal counts as follows:
I 2 − 1 − 6 [5] − 4 − 5 + (1) – 13 + (1) + 2 duplexes;
II 1 − 1 – 3 – 4 – 3 − 11 + 1 duplex;
III 1 − 1 − 2 − 1 – 3 – 10 + (1);
IV 1 − 0 − 2 − 1 – 3 − 10.
True claws uncinate with one pair of tenent hairs, empodia with two rows of tenent hairs. Tarsus III with solenidion well-separated from tactile, proximal.
PROTONYMPH: one specimen measured, 355 long (including gnathosoma), width 240.
Dorsum. Prodorsal lobes absent, v1 very short, poorly indented, not inserted on tubercle, v2 larger, elongate and serrate, inserted on tubercle (Fig.
Legs. Shorter than body length, leg I 196 long (including coxa). Internal dorsal row on femur I with one long seta finely serrate. Leg setal counts as follows:
I 2 − 0 – 3 − 4 – 5 + (1) – 9 + 2 duplexes;
II 1 − 0 – 3 − 4 – 3 − 9 + 1 duplex;
III 1 − 0 – 2 – 1 − 3 − 8;
IV 0 − 0 − 2 – 1 – 3 − 6.
True claws uncinate with one pair of tenent hairs, empodia with two rows of tenent hairs.
The combination of prodorsal lobes poorly developed, dorsal setae not spatulate but slender and leg setal counts brings this species very close to B. cinereae Auger & Migeon, 2014. It can be distinguished from this species by the shape and the size of dorsohysterosomal setae: they are wider, stouter in B. cinereae but longer in B. belliloci. Thus, dorsocentral setae are shorter than the distance between consecutive setae in B. cinereae whereas d1 setae surpass well e1 setal insertions in B. belliloci. Noticeable differences are also present regarding the following morphological characters in B. belliloci: 1) the incision between the inner prodorsal lobes is wider and shallower; 2) the four legs are longer; 3) the peritremal distal enlargement is shorter; 4) the internal lateral seta l’1 on femur I is longer (Table
Lengths of the internal lateral seta l’1 on femur I and of the coxisternal setae 1b and 1c of Bryobia cinereae (lengths are given in micrometers).
Seta l’1 on femur I | Coxisternal seta 1b | Coxisternal seta 1c | |
---|---|---|---|
Holotype | 31 | 48 | 18 |
Paratype 1 | 29 | 46 | 20 |
Paratype 2 | 27 | 45 | 19 |
Paratype 3 | 31 | 44 | 20 |
The species designation belliloci refers to a village that felt into ruin, named Bell Lloc (meaning beautiful place in Catalan language) that is close to the place where mites were collected.
Additional data to the original description of B. cinereae are provided. Despite that usually not included in descriptions, they appeared to be useful for the comparison of this species with B. belliloci. Drawings of the two coxisternal setae 1b and 1c are shown in Fig.
Holotype (female), 9 female and 2 larvae paratypes on 12 microscopic preparations from Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirt. (Leguminosae), Four de la caux (43°35.2241N, 3°44.9143E, alt. 90 m), Pignan, Hérault (34), France, 23.XII.2012, leg. P. Auger. All the material deposited in the collection of the CBGP, coll. Auger-Migeon N°1827 for holotype, 1828–1838 for paratypes.
Body and leg I large, anterior dorsal propodosomal projections over gnathosoma well developed, inner lobes with fused base, candle like-shaped distally, incision between inner vertical setae (v1) wide, bottom rounded. Dorsal body setae short, spatulate, serrate, inserted on small bulges, subequal in length on hysterosoma, f1 and f2 setae marginal not contiguous. Empodia I with a pair of tenent hairs, others with two rows of tenent hairs.
FEMALE. Holotype 880 long (including gnathosoma), width 593. 7 paratypes measured, 860–916 long, width 574–628.
Dorsum. Prodorsum with four pairs of setae, anterior propodosomal lobes well developed (Figs
Gnathosoma. Stylophore longer than wide. Tibial claw of palpus bidentate. Palptarsus subequal in length to tibial claw, about 28 (27–29) long with three tactile setae, three eupathidia and one solenidion (Fig.
Venter. Striation transverse between 1st (1a) and 2nd (3a) pairs of setae, between 2nd and 3rd (4a) irregular longitudinal striation medially more or less oblique or arched laterally, transverse above and between 4a and the area anterior to aggenital (ag) setae, longitudinal between members of ag setae, area immediately anterior to genital flap with irregular longitudinal striation. Sacculus of spermatheca elongated, length 22.5, width 5.5 (Fig.
Legs. Leg I subequal in length to body length, other legs inferior to body length. Leg I 926 (825–947) long (measured from trochanter to tarsus), leg II 392 (345–392), leg III 353 (352–373), leg IV 470 (412–470). Length of segments of leg I as follows: trochanter 50 (41–69), femur 360 (300–360), genu 90 (84–102), tibia 260 (227–274), tarsus 168 (155–180). Leg setal counts as follows (Figs
I 2 − 1 – 25[23–24] − 8[7] – 15[16] + (1) – 20[19] + (5)[(6)] + 2 duplexes;
II 1 − 1 – 11[10] – 6[5] – 9[8] – 15 + (2) + 1 duplex;
III 1 − 1 – 5[4] – 6[5–7] − 9[8] – 13 + 1 duplex;
IV 1 − 1 − 5 – 6[5] − 9[8] – 13 + 1 duplex.
True claws uncinate, claw and empodium I with one pair of tenent hairs, other claws with several pairs of tenent hairs, other empodial pads each provided with two rows of tenent hairs (Figs
LARVAE: two larvae measured, 366–370 long (including gnathosoma), width 246–255.
Dorsum. Prodorsal lobes absent (Fig.
Lengths of dorsal setae: v1 13; v2 18–20; sc1 16–18; sc2 15; c1 15–16; c2 16; c3 16; d1 19–17; d2 16–17; d3 15–16; e1 18–21; e2 16–18; e3 19; f1 18–21; f2 22–23; h1 22–23.
Legs. Length inferior to body length, leg I 235–248 long. Leg setal counts as follows:
I 1 − 0 − 3 − 4 − 5 + (1) – 7 + 1 duplex;
II 0 − 0 – 3 − 4 − 5 – 7 + 1 duplex;
III 0 − 0 – 2 – 2 − 5 – 6.
True claws uncinate with one pair of tenent hairs, empodia with two rows of tenent hairs. On femur I, internal seta smooth, dorsal seta serrate.
Bryobia gigas is morphologically close to three species, that belong to a species-group characterized by: 1) prodorsal inner and outer lobes very well developed, outer teat like not triangular, anteromedian well separated; 2) associated setae forming a duplex on tarsus IV, tactile member shorter than solenidion; 3) similar setal counts especially on leg I with 29 and 16 setae on tarsus and tibia, respectively, and on leg II with 19 and 9 setae on tarsus and tibia, respectively; 4) a pair of tenent hairs on the empodium of the foreleg and two rows of tenent hairs on the other empodia. These species are Bryobia osterloffi Reck, 1947, B. vasiljevi Reck, 1953 and B. lagodechiana Reck, 1953.
Among this species-group B. gigas and B. lagodechiana have a similar large body size. Bryobia gigas is mainly distinctive from B. lagodechiana by the shape of the inner incision between the anteromedian prodorsal lobes which is wide and bottom rounded in the former whereas narrow in the latter. In addition, the line that passes to the tips of v2 setae does not reach the bases of v1 setae in B. lagodechiana. They also have a different setal count on genu I with 7–8 and 4–5 setae present in B. gigas and B. lagodechiana, respectively.
Bryobia gigas can be easily distinguished from B. osterloffi and B. vasiljevi by its body and leg sizes which are far smaller in the latters. Moreover, in B. osterloffi, the incision between the inner prodorsal lobes is wide but less deep than in B. gigas (the line that passes to the top of the outer lobes does not reach the bottom of the incision between inner lobes), it is not bottom-rounded but with a flat bottom and the distal part of the peritreme is less elongated. Bryobia gigas also differs from B. vasiljevi by the incision between the inner prodorsal lobes which is narrow. According to
The specific epithet gigas, name given to “Giants” in Greek mythology, refers to the quite unusual large body and legs sizes of this species.
1 | Prodorsal lobes poorly developed or absent | 2 |
- | Prodorsal lobes well developed over gnathosoma | 4 |
2 | Dorso-hysterosomal setae elongate, short, variable in length, h 1 the largest, c1 and d1 shorter than half the distance between consecutive setae | B. sarothamni Geisjke, 1939 |
- | Dorso-hysterosomal setae elongate, long, subequal in length, c1 and d1 longer than half the distance between consecutive setae | 3 |
3 | Dorsocentral setae serrate, stout, shorter than distance between consecutive setae | B. cinereae Auger & Migeon, 2014 |
- | Dorsocentral setae serrate, narrow, d1 surpass bases of e1 setae | B. belliloci sp. n. |
4 | Femur I with 4 long setae present on its interior dorsal row | 5 |
- | Femur I without this character | 11 |
5 | Empodium I with one pair of tenent hairs | 6 |
- | Empodium I with more than one pair of tenent hairs | 7 |
6 | Propodosomal inner lobes mammelliform, inflated, largely fused; deutonymphal dorsohysterosomal setae e3 and f1 subspatulate, 5 tactile setae and 1 solenidion on tibia I | B. provincialis Eyndoven & Vacante, 1985 |
- | Propodosomal inner lobes not mammelliform, well separated distally; deutonymph with setae e3 and f1 elongate, narrow, 9 tactile setae and 1 solenidion on tibia I | B. mercantourensis Auger & Migeon, 2014 |
7 | Outer propodosomal lobes triangular | 8 |
- | Outer propodosomal lobes not triangular, broad or mammelliform | 10 |
8 | Female body length superior to 630 µm, spermatheca subglobular | B. berlesei Eyndhoven, 1957 |
- | Female body length inferior to 600 µm, sacculus of spermatheca elongate | 9 |
9 | Sacculus of spermatheca elongate short, 14–22 µm long, male unknown | B. pandayi Eyndoven & Vacante, 1985 |
- | Sacculus of spermatheca elongate long, 30–40 µm long, male present | B. pyrenaica Eyndoven & Vacante, 1985 |
10 | Female body length inferior to 510 µm, spermathecal sacculus pyriform, distal part of peritreme about 50 µm long | B. dekocki Eyndoven & Vacante, 1985 |
- | Female body length superior to 570 µm, spermathecal sacculus elongate, peritremal anastomosis 60–64 µm long | B. ulicis Eyndoven, 1959 |
11 | Tarsus IV associated seta well separated from solenidion, distal | B. rubrioculus (Scheuten, 1957) |
- | Tarsus IV associated seta approximate with solenidion forming duplex | 12 |
12 | Outer prodorsal lobes well developed, mammelliform, separate from anteromedian lobes by a deep incision | 13 |
- | Outer prodorsal lobes triangular | 14 |
13 | Incision between anteromedian lobes wide and bottom-rounded, body and leg I large (860–916 and 825–947 µm long, respectively) | B. gigas sp. n. |
- | Incision between anteromedian lobes narrow, body and leg I smaller (690–840 and 760–778 µm long, respectively) | B. vasiljevi Reck, 1953 |
14 | Female body and leg I about 900 µm long or more, male present | B. graminum (Schrank, 1781) |
- | Female body and leg I inferior to 750 µm long | 15 |
15 | Larval dorsal setae narrow, needle-like, narrowly subspatulate on protonymphs, on Ribes sp. | B. ribis Thomas, 1896 |
- | Larval dorsal setae narrowly subspatulate, spatulate and wider distally on protonymphs, on Hedera helix | B. kissophila Eyndhoven, 1955 |
We would like to thank Edisher Tschadaia, curator at the Illia State University, Georgia, for allowing us to examine type specimens in the Reck’s collection.