Tettigonia incarnata Germar, 1821: 69. Catalogued (as Amblyscarta incarnata) by Metcalf (1965), McKamey (2007), and Wilson et al. (2009). Redescribed by Blanchard (1840: 190) and Signoret (1853: 684, pl. 22, fig. 11). Four syntypes (two males, two females) from “Bahia” (northeastern Brazil) are deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde, Universität Humboldt, Berlin; we have studied high-resolution images (Fig. 3a–b, dorsal view of the body) of a male and a female syntype (see Wilson et al. 2009). Two additional syntypes are deposited in the Germar collection in the Ivan Franko National University, Lviv (Shydlovskyy and Holovachov 2005: 41, Holovachov 2008).

Length of male 10.4–11.3 mm (n = 3), female 10.8–11.9 mm (n = 3).

Head (Fig. 1a), in dorsal view, well produced anteriorly, median length of crown approximately 7/10 interocular width and 4/10 transocular width; anterior margin broadly rounded; without carina at transition from crown to face; ocelli located on imaginary line between anterior eye angles, each approximately equidistant between adjacent eye angle and median line of crown; surface without sculpturing or setae; frontogenal sutures extending onto crown and attaining ocelli. Antennal ledges, in dorsal view, not protuberant; in lateral view, with anterior margins oblique and slightly concave. Frons swollen, muscle impressions distinct. Epistomal suture interrupted medially. Clypeus not produced; upper half continuing contour of frons, lower half more nearly horizontal; apex convex.

Figure 1. 

Kogigonalia incarnata (Germar, 1821), comb. n. a crown, pronotum, and mesonotum, dorsal view. b–i male terminalia: b pygofer, lateral view c valve and subgenital plates, ventral view d subgenital plate, lateral view e connective and styles, dorsal view f aedeagus, lateral view g aedeagus, ventral view h paraphyses, dorsal view i paraphyses, lateral view. APR = aedeagal ventral process; PEM = emargination of subgenital plate. Scale bars: a = 2 mm, b, h, i = 1 mm, c–g = 0.5 mm.

Thorax (Fig. 1a), in dorsal view, with pronotal width greater than transocular width; pronotum with lateral margins convergent anteriorly; posterior margin rectilinear or slightly concave; disk without sculpturing or setae; dorsopleural carinae declivous anteriorly, incomplete. Mesonotum with scutellum not transversely striate. Forewings coriaceous, venation (except on apical third) not very distinct; membrane well delimited, including first and second apical cells and distal portions of third and fourth apical cells; base of fourth apical cell located more proximally than base of third; with three closed anteapical cells, their bases located more proximally than apex of clavus. Hind wings with vein R₂₊₃ incomplete. Hind legs with femoral setal formula 2:1:1; length of first tarsomere greater than combined length of second and third; with two parallel rows of small setae on plantar surface.

Color (Fig. 3a–c). Ground color of anterior dorsum (crown, pronotum, and mesonotum) yellow. Crown with dark brown to black median spear-shaped mark (size variable and may bear lateral extensions, sometimes covering much of coronal surface, with only lateroanterior portions remaining yellow); other variable minor dark brown to black marks also present. Pronotum with conspicuous T-shaped dark brown to black mark, formed by median longitudinal stripe and posterior transverse stripe, anterior pronotal margin with transverse dark brown to black mark at base of “T” (pronotal marks varying from strong to faint or incomplete, sometimes covering much of pronotal surface, with only a pair of lateral areas remaining yellow); lateral portions of disk with variable brown or orange areas. Mesonotum with basal portion largely and variably dark brown to black; posterior portion of scutellum reddish-brown. Ground color of forewings reddish-brown; with or without three large orange or yellow areas, the first and largest on corium and clavus at basal third of wing, the second extending from costal area over clavus and forming transcommissural stripe, and the third extending from costal margin to outer margin of first apical cell (orange or yellow areas, when present, varying from distinct to faint); membrane brown. Face, thorax and legs, and venter of abdomen mostly yellow; frons with or without dark brown to black longitudinal stripe (continued from coronal spear-shaped mark); dorsum of abdomen red; male pygofer reddish.

Male genitalia with pygofer (Fig. 1b), in lateral view, strongly produced posteriorly; posterior margin narrowly rounded; without processes; macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior half and extending anteriorly along ventral margin. Valve (Fig. 1c), in ventral view, subrectangular. Subgenital plates (Fig. 1c–d) much shorter than pygofer; in ventral view, with basal half broad and apical half abruptly and strongly narrowed; transition from broad to narrow portion emarginated; basal half with uniseriate macrosetae; plate surface with scattered microsetae; plates separate from each other throughout their length. Styles (Fig. 1e), in dorsal view, with apophysis short, not extending as far posteriorly as apex of connective, narrowing gradually toward apex, without preapical lobe, with few preapical setae on outer margin. Connective (Fig. 1e), in dorsal view, a large trapezoidal plate; without median keel. Aedeagus (Fig. 1f–g) symmetrical; shaft, in ventral view, expanded apically; in lateral view, with strong, median ventral process on basal half; shaft apex with pair of membranous lobes; shaft surface with pair of areas covered by small spines, extending from median ventral process to lateroapical area, where spines are larger than more basal ones. Paraphyses (Fig. 1h–i), in dorsal view, with both stalk and rami elongate, the former articulated with connective, the latter with apical half curved dorsally.

Females with abdominal sternite VII (Fig. 2a–b), in ventral view, strongly produced posteriorly; posterior margin with elongate, median strong projection and pair of elongate, but shorter than median projection, lateral spiniform processes; median projection with slight preapical constriction; ventral surface of sternite VII with distinct median longitudinal carina. Internal sternite VIII, in dorsal view, without distinct median or lateral sclerites. First valvifers (Fig. 2d), in lateral view, with anterior and dorsal margins rounded, ventral margin emarginated, posterior margin truncate. Pygofer (Fig. 2c), in lateral view, strongly produced posteriorly; apex narrowly rounded; ventral margin slightly emarginated preapically; macrosetae distributed mostly on posterior portion and extending anteriorly along ventral margin. First valvulae, in ventral view, with basal portion expanded, without processes or projections; in lateral view (Fig. 2d), with apex acute; dorsal margin with approximately 10 preapical denticles (Fig. 2g); dorsal sculptured area (Fig. 2e–f) extended from basal portion to apex of blade, formed mostly by oblique linear processes; ventral sculptured area restricted to apical portion of blade, formed mostly by scale-like processes; ventral interlocking device (Fig. 2d) restricted to basal half of blade, its apical third curved dorsally. Second valvulae (Fig. 2h), in lateral view, slightly expanded beyond basal curvature; basal hyaline area distinct; dorsal margin approximately rectilinear, with about 40 continuous teeth (Fig. 2i–k) that are progressively smaller toward apex; most teeth subtriangular but posterior ones quadrate; few irregular denticles on posterior portion of larger teeth and on ventroapical portion of blade; ventral blade margin convex; without preapical prominence; apex obtuse. Gonoplacs, in lateral view, with basal half narrow and apical half distinctly expanded; apex obtuse; blade with many minute spiniform processes and few macrosetae on apical portion and extending anteriorly along ventral margin.

Figure 2. 

Kogigonalia incarnata (Germar, 1821), comb. n., female terminalia: a sternite VII, ventral view b sternite VII, lateral view c pygofer, lateral view d first valvifer and valvula, lateral view e dorsal sculptured area at basal portion f dorsal sculptured area at apical portion g apex h second valvula, lateral view i teeth at basal portion j teeth at median portion k teeth at apical portion. BHA = basal hyaline area; DEN = denticle; DSA = dorsal sculptured area; DUC = duct; LPR = lateral process of sternite VII; RAM = ramus; TOO = tooth; VID = ventral interlocking device; VLI = first valvifer. Scale bars: a, b, d, h = 2 mm, c = 1 mm.

Figure 3. 

a–c color variation in Kogigonalia incarnata (Germar, 1821), comb. n., body, dorsal view: a–b male and female syntypes, respectively, from the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil (Museum für Naturkunde, Universität Humboldt, Berlin) c female from Brazil d–f K. enola Young, 1977, male holotype from French Guiana (United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.): d body, dorsal view e paraphyses, dorsal view f aedeagus, lateral view. a–d reproduced, with permission, from Wilson et al. (2009) e–f redrawn from Young (1977). Scale bars = 5 mm.

northeastern Brazil: state of Bahia: one female (MTD). southeastern Brazil: state of Espírito Santo: one male, Santa Teresa, 675 m, 1–2/IV/1969, Exp. Dep. Zool. col. (DZUP); Baixo Guandu, 17/IX/1966, C. Elias col. (DZUP); state of Rio de Janeiro: two males and one female, Casimiro de Abreu, Reserva Biológica União, 28–31/I/2013 (one male), 12/XII/2013–27/I/2014 (one male, one female), Lab. Diptera MN[RJ] col., Malaise trap (MNRJ); one male, Silva Jardim, III/1974, F. M. Oliveira col. (DZUP); one male, Magé, 3/III/1978, J. L. Nessimian col. (DZRJ). Brazil: one female, D. Swainson col. (DZUP); one specimen without abdomen (MTD).