Research Article |
Corresponding author: Éva Szita ( szita.eva@atk.hu ) Academic editor: Roger Blackman
© 2015 Éva Szita, Mehmet Bora Kaydan, Zsuzsanna Konczné Benedicty, Hirotaka Tanaka, Kinga Fetykó, Ferenc Kozár.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Szita É, Kaydan MB, Konczné Benedicty Z, Tanaka H, Fetykó K, Kozár F (2015) The genus Arctorthezia Cockerell (Hemiptera, Ortheziidae) with the description of a new species. ZooKeys 472: 59-75. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8928
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This paper describes a new species of Arctorthezia Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Ortheziidae) from the Palaearctic region. The specimens were extracted from forest litter in the collections of Muséum d’histoire Naturelle de Genève, Switzerland, using Berlese funnels. Three further species, A. cataphracta (Olafsen), A. occidentalis (Douglas) and A. pseudoccidentalis Morrison, are redescribed and re-illustrated. The genus Arctorthezia now contains five species. An identification key, diagnostic illustrations, photographs of unmounted females and new locality records of the Arctorthezia species currently known are provided.
Ensign scale, archaeococcoids, taxonomy, distribution, Palaearctic Region, Switzerland
Ensign scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Ortheziidae) are considered to be one of the most ancient families of the Coccoidea (
The subfamily Ortheziinae is characterized by having the tibia and tarsus well separated, and 7- or 8-segmented antennae (
In the present paper, one new Arctorthezia species is described from the Palaearctic region (Switzerland); three species, namely A. cataphracta (Olafsen), A. occidentalis (Douglas), A. pseudoccidentalis Morrison, are redescribed and re-illustrated; an identification key and new additional locality records for the currently known Arctorthezia species are provided; and macromorphological characters are illustrated and discussed.
The specimens examined in this study were mostly from the scale insect collections of the Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (PPI) and the Muséum d’histoire Naturelle de Genève (MHNG). Important material was processed from the Soil Zoology Collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (HNMH), and part of the material was loaned from the United States National Entomological Collection, Washington (USNM). The material examined from Japan belongs to the collection of Tottori Prefectural Museum, Japan (TRPM).
Specimens were prepared for light microscopy using the slide-mounting method described by
The holotype of the new species is deposited in the Muséum d’histoire Naturelle de Genève collection (MHNG), and the paratypes are shared between MHNG and PPI.
The digital images of unmounted females were made with a Canon Eos400D camera and an MBC-10 stereomicroscope, and focus-stacking was processed by CombineZP software (
Measurements and counts were taken from all available material, and the values are given as a range for each character.
Orthezia (Arctorthezia)
Arctorthezia,
Arctorthezia, Morrison 1952: 53 (as genus). Change of status.
Orthezia occidentalis Douglas, 1891: 245. Subsequently designated by
Unmounted female. Live adult female with 9 pairs dorsal wax plates in each marginal row, 8 pairs in each submedian band, and 3 triangular or shield-shaped plates in centre of thorax. Ovisac parallel sided, short, about half length of body (Fig.
Mounted female. Antenna 7 or 8 segmented, covered with strong spines; apical seta a blunted strong spine. Claw without denticle. Abdominal spiracles numbering 7 or 8 pairs, situated on margin of dorsum. Three triangular wax plates present on mid-dorsum. Three or four rows of spines present within ovisac band.
Found under mosses and stones on the roots of different plants, also reported from ant nests.
The known species are distributed only in the Holarctic Region.
Unfortunately the type material of A. vardziae was not available. For this reason we could not include this species in the key. In the original description,
1 | Triangular wax plate on mid-dorsum longer than wide; triangular wax plate between mid coxae on venter longer than wide, like those on dorsum; ovisac band containing 3 wide wax plate bands | A. cataphracta |
– | Triangular wax plate on mid-dorsum various widths but never the longer than wide; triangular wax plate between mid-coxae on venter at least twice as wide as long; ovisac band containing 4 wide wax plate bands | 2 |
2 | On the dorsum, with 9 circular discoidal pore plates present between marginal and submedian setal plates (Fig. |
A. pseudoccidentalis |
– | On the dorsum, circular discoidal pore plates absent from between marginal and submedian setal plates | 3 |
3 | Dorsal triangle-shaped mid-thoracic setal plates more than two times wider than long (Fig. |
A. occidentalis |
– | Dorsal triangle-shaped mid-thoracic setal plates hardly wider than long (Fig. |
A. helvetica sp. n. |
Type material: Holotype female Switzerland, Valais, s/Venayaz, 700 m a.s.l., 7.x.1980, leg. C. Besuchet [PPI 8864, MHNG without code]. Paratypes female: 6 adult females with the same data as holotype, on separate slides.
Other material examined: 3 adult females on separate slides, Switzerland, Valais, Dorenaz, oak, 28.iii.1964, leg. C. Besuchet [PPI 8862, MHNG without code].
Live adult female: dorsum with 9 pairs dorsal wax plates in each marginal row, 8 pairs in each submedian band, and 3 triangular or shield-shaped plates in middle of thorax. Ovisac short, about half length of body (Fig.
Slide-mounted adult female (Figs
Venter: Labium 260‒285 mm long, apparently one segmented. Stylet loop usually longer than labium. Legs well developed; leg measurements: front coxa 155‒189 mm, middle 155‒189 mm, hind 188‒204 mm; front trochanter+femur 546‒577 mm long, middle 548‒572 mm, hind 597‒650 mm; front tibia+tarsus 700‒722 mm long, middle 679‒740 mm, hind 804‒866 mm; claw 74‒89 mm long; hind claw digitules each 15‒21 mm. Legs with rows of robust spine-like setae, tibia with fleshy sensory seta 24 mm long, trochanter with 4 placoid sensilla on each surface. Wax plates present on ventral areas of head and thorax, with wide marginal plate laterad of each thoracic spiracle; two wax plates present between mid-coxae, both triangular, almost same size (Fig.
Dorsum: Wax plates covering entire dorsum; three triangular wax plates on mid-dorsum, anteriormost 185‒190 mm wide, 135‒150 mm long; middle 250‒270 mm wide, 150‒160 mm long; posteriormost 260‒280 mm wide, 170‒180 mm long (Fig.
he species was named after the ancient name of its locus typicus, Switzerland (Helvetia).
Switzerland.
Host plant: unknown, found in leaf litter and soil samples.
Arctorthezia helvetica sp. n. can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (i) 7-segmented antennae, (ii) dorsal triangle-shaped mid-thoracic setal plates hardly wider than long (iii) the proportion of simple pores and quadrilocular pores distal to vulva ca. 1:15, (iv) diamond-shape setal plate between mid-coxae on venter.
Arctorthezia helvetica sp. n. is closest to A. occidentalis in having 4 spine rows within the ovisac band and lacking circular pore clusters on the dorsum, but differs from A. occidentalis as follows (characters of A. occidentalis in brackets): (i) adult female body length less than 3 mm (adult female body length at least 3.5 mm); (ii) the fourth spine row within ovisac band weak (the fourth spine row within ovisac band strong); (iii) the proportion of simple pores to quadrilocular pores distal to vulva ca. 1:15 (the proportion of simple pores to quadrilocular pores distal to vulva ca. 1:6); (iv) dorsal triangle-shaped mid-thoracic setal plates hardly wider than long (dorsal triangle-shaped mid-thoracic setal plates more than two times wider than long).
Austria: 1 female, Kesselspitze Mt., 3.vii.1999, leg. K. Thaler [PPI 6545]. Greenland: 2 females on 1 slide, s-o, Nanortalik, dwarf willow, 26.vii.1979, leg. G. Primatesta [PPI 8933, MHNG nr.7]; 1 female at Boston, Sedum sp., 6.vi.1945, leg. Hodson [PPI 8967, USNM 45 1781]. Italy: 2 females on 2 slides, Piedmont, Monte Autoroto, 1700 m a.s.l., 16.vi.1982, leg. A. Focarile [PPI 9854, MHNG 13]. Japan: 1 female, Tochigi, Nikkô, Kawamata, Nikkô-zawa-onsen, 1500 m a.s.l., Dryopteris crassirhizoma, 5.vi.2013., leg. S. Maehara. (collected by beating) [TRPM]; 1 female, same locality, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, 2.vii.2013, leg. S. Maehara. (collected by beating) [TRPM]. Mongolia: 1 female, Bogdo, 3.vi.1967, leg. Z. Kaszab [HNHM As 77]. Switzerland: 2 females on 2 slides, Valais, Gornergat, 3050 m a.s.l., under stones, 12.ix.1982, leg. C. Besuchet [PPI 8857, MHNG without code]; 3 females on 3 slides, Valais, Fluhalp, near Leuerbad, 2000 m a.s.l., mosses and dead leaves, 14.viii.1980, leg. C. Besuchet [PPI 8858, MHNG without code]; 2 females on 2 slides, Obwald, Melchsee, 1800 m a.s.l., mosses, 2.x.1987, leg. I. Löbl [PPI 8861, MHNG without code]; 4 females on 4 slides, Valais, Tursten, s/Zermatt, 2200 m a.s.l., 14.vii.1966, leg. A. Comellini [PPI 8863]; 5 females on 5 slides, Valais, Saas-Almagell, 1650 m a.s.l., wet mosses, 5.vii.1997, leg. C. Besuchet [PPI 8866, MHNG without code]; 2 females on 2 slides, Valais, Grand St. Bernard, 2150 m a.s.l., mosses at foot of rocks, 10.ix.1996, leg. C. Besuchet [PPI 8873, MHNG without code]; 1 female, at N.Y., on lichens around Rhododendron, 12.vii.1938, leg. Harley [PPI 8968, USNM 98-2244, NY77615]; 1 female, Valais, Torrenthorn, near Lukerbad, 2500-2600 m a.s.l., alpine meadows, 12.viii.1980, leg. C. Besuchet [PPI 8870, MHNG without code]; 1 female, Studen, moss, 20.ix.1992, leg. F. Kozár [PPI 4071]; 1 female, Romoos, Weise, 23.viii.1994, leg. Rézbányai [PPI 6144, HNHM]; 2 females on 1 slide, Romoos, Weise, 28.iv.1994, leg. Rézbányai [PPI 6143]. Turkey: 1 female, Ilgardagi Gecidi, 2350 m a.s.l., 13.vi.1986, leg. Löbl, Besuchet, Burckhardt [PPI 8881, MHNG without code]; 2 females on 2 slides, Kars, Ilgandas, Gecidi, on herbs and flowers, 13.vi.1986, leg. Löebl & Bernhardt [MHNG 10699/1-2 Ar.tube II]. UK: 2 females on 1 slide, Scotland, N. Berwich, E. Lothian, under moss,. ix.1926, leg. E.E. Green [PPI 8965, USNM without code]; 1 female, Scotland, Braemar, at base of grass, 8.viii.1979, leg. J.N. Cox [USNM 5/79].
Pediculus cataphractus Olafsen, Coccus cataphracta (Shaw), Dorthezia cataphracta (Shaw), Orthezia cataphracta (Shaw), Dorthesia chiton Zetterstedt, Orthezia signoreti White, Coccus uva (Modeer), Orthezia uva (Modeer), Orthezia (Arctorthezia) cataphracta, Cockerell, Coccus cataphractus Lindinger (
Live adult female: dorsum with 9 pairs dorsal wax plates in each marginal row, 8 pairs in each submedian band, and 3 small triangular or shield-shaped ones in middle of thorax. Ovisac parallel sided, short, about half length of body (Fig.
Slide-mounted adult female (Figs
Venter: Labium 285–350 mm long, apparently one segmented. Stylet loop usually longer than labium. Legs well developed; leg measurements: coxa length: front 186–310 mm long, middle 192–300 mm, hind 224–330 mm; front trochanter+femur 623–800 mm long, middle 647–820 mm, hind 705–883 mm; front tibia+tarsus 423–991 mm long, middle 448–994 mm, hind 548–1165 mm; front claw 82–106 mm long, middle 96–108 mm, hind 97–120 mm; hind claw digitules each 26–39 mm. Legs each with rows of robust spine-like setae, with a fleshy sensory seta on hind tibia, trochanter with 4 placoid sensilla on each surface. Wax plates present on ventral areas of head and thorax, and wide marginal plate laterad of each thoracic spiracle; two wax plates present between mid-coxae, both in triangular shape, anterior one relatively small and longer than wide (Fig.
Dorsum: Wax plates cover entire dorsum; three triangular wax plates on mid-dorsum, anterior 40–130 mm wide, 60‒195 mm long; middle 60‒120 mm wide, 90‒250 mm long; posterior 80‒110 mm wide, 90‒240 mm long, (Fig.
Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark (Faeroe Islands), Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Greece, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, Romania, former Soviet Union, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, U.K., Ukraine, U.S.A. (Alaska).
Host plants: Alnus viridis (Betulaceae), Caltha sp. (Ranunculaceae), Capparis sp. (Capparaceae), Calamagrostis langsdorfii, Carex sp., Deschampsia caespitosa (Poaceae), Chrysanthemum alpinum, Hieracium sp., Hymogyne sp., Solidago sp. (Asteraceae), Dryas octopetala (Rosaceae), Gentiana sp. (Gentianaceae), Geranium sp. (Geraniaceae), Iris setose (Iridaceae), Racomitrium lanuginosum (Grimmiaceae), Calluna vulgaris, Rhododendron ferrugineum, Vaccinium myrtillus (Ericaceae), Saxifraga aizoon (Saxifragaceae), S. cuneifolia, S. oppositifolia, Sedum sp. (Crassulaceae), Soldanella sp. (Primulaceae), Trientalis europaea (Myrsinaceae), and Collybia sp. (Fungi: Tricholomataceae). Under mosses (Sphagnum sp.: Sphagnaceae) and stones on roots, also reported from ant nests (
Canada: 2 females on 1 slide, British Columbia, Victoria, Highland Rd., moss, 12.vii.1988, leg. F. Kozár [PPI 3330, USNM 57]; 2 females on 1 slide, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Ladysmith, entering a dwelling, 9.xi.1945, leg. W.A. Ross [PPI 8986, USNM 45-2340]; 6 females on 4 slides, British Columbia, Kaslo B.C., root of trees and grass, 19.v.1908, leg. J.W. Cockle [PPI 8974, USNM without code]; USA: 5 females on 5 slides, Montana, on apple,. ix.1949, leg. W.S. Regan [PPI 8975, USNM 49-2173]; 1 female, Colorado, Boulder, on Castilleja sp., 8.vi.1917, leg. H.F. Dietz [PPI 8977, USNM FHB #16096]; 4 females on 2 slides, Colorado, Boulder, on Castilleja sp., 12.vi.1919, leg. H.F. Dietz [PPI 8976, USNM without code].
Orthezia occidentalis Douglas, Orthezia californica (Ehrhorn), Orthezia (Arctorthezia) occidentalis Morrison (
Adult female, with secretion, fairly large, 3.5 mm wide and 4.5 mm long. Body completely covered with dense, sharply defined wax plates, these occurring in the usual marginal and dorsal tufts, white or variously discoloured, sometimes appearing yellow-brown or grey (
Slide-mounted adult female (Fig.
Venter: Labium 340‒450 mm long, apparently one segmented. Stylet loop usually longer than labium. Legs well developed; measurements of front coxa 220‒260 mm long, middle 200‒250 mm, hind 240‒350 mm; front trochanter+femur 660‒720 mm long, middle 720‒820 mm, hind 760‒920 mm; front tibia+tarsus 460‒670 mm long, middle 540‒580 mm, hind 340‒400 mm; front claw 80 mm long, middle 90‒110 mm, hind 90‒110 mm; hind claw digitules 5‒10 mm; legs with rows of robust spine-like setae, with four fleshy sensory setae on tibia, trochanter with 4 placoid sensilla on each surface. Wax plates present on ventral areas of head and thorax, with wide marginal plate laterad of each thoracic spiracle; two wax plates present between mid-coxa upper one in triangular shape (Fig.
Dorsum: Wax plates cover all dorsum; three triangular wax plates on middorsum (first 340–540 mm in width, 140‒240 mm in length; middle 440‒740 mm in width, 300‒370 mm in length; third 640‒650 mm in width, 220‒330 mm in length, Fig.
Canada (British Columbia), Spain, USA (Alaska, California, Colorado, Hawaiian Islands, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington).
Host plant: Bahia sp., Eriophyllum, Argyroxiphium sp., Eriophyllum confertifolium, Agrostis sandwicensis, Grossularia sp., Fragraria sp. Rubus sp., Castilleja sp (
On the roots, associated with Formica integra, and Myrmica? ants (
Its presence in the Palaearctic Region (Spain) (Gómez-Menor 1937) is under question. Searches for slides in Spanish collections were unsuccessful (personal communication from Carolina Martin (Madrid), and Angeles Vásquez (Madrid)).
USA: 4 females on 4 slides, Nevada, 15 mi S of Ely, beneath boards, 6.vii.1960, leg. T.R. Haig [PPI 8964, USNM 60-0381]
Adult female, with secretion, fairly large, similar to A. occidentalis. Body completely covered with dense, sharply defined wax plates, these occurring in the usual marginal and dorsal tufts, white. With 3 wide, shield-shaped plates in centre of thorax (Fig.
Slide-mounted adult female (Fig.
Venter: Labium 391‒402 mm long, apparently one segmented. Stylet loop usually longer than labium. Legs well developed; measurements of front coxa 247‒310 mm long, middle 309‒330 mm, hind 330‒340 mm; front trochanter+femur 917 mm long, middle 958 mm, hind 1060‒1088 mm; front tibia+tarsus not seen, middle 649 mm, hind 824–868 mm; front claw 1 not seen, middle 108 mm, hind 113 mm; hind claw digitules 23–26 mm; legs with rows of robust spine-like setae, without 2 fleshy sensory seta on tibia each 10 mm, trochanter with 4 placoid sensilla on each surface. Wax plates present on ventral areas of head and thorax, with wide marginal plate laterad of each thoracic spiracle; two wax plates present between mid-coxa in wide triangular shape, below one wide arch shape, with 4 spine rows within ovisac band (Fig.
Dorsum: Wax plates cover all dorsum; three shield-shaped setae plates on middorsum (first 390‒540 mm in width, 290‒400 mm in length; middle 540‒710 mm in width, 330‒460 mm in length; third 570‒720 mm in width, 370‒460 mm in length, Fig.
USA (California, Idaho, Nevada, Washington).
Host plant: Berberis aquifolium (Berberidaceae). Grass roots, litter under different trees, often under rocks.
Macromorphological characters of ortheziid species, such as the shape, number and arrangement of the wax plates of live (or dead) ensign scales have been useful for genus and in some cases for species identification (
We would like to thank the OTKA (Hungarian National Science Found) (Grant No. T 048801, T 075889) for funding this project. The second author (MBK) thanks TUBITAK for their financial support to enable study of the family Ortheziidae in Hungary. The authors wish to thank Dr. Peter Schwendinger, the curator of Arachnida Collection of Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Genève, Switzerland; Dr. Douglas J. Williams at the Natural History Museum, London, U.K.; and Dr Douglass Miller at Systematic Entomology Laboratory of USDA, Beltsville, Maryland, U.S.A., for their kind help and for making it possible for us to study those collections. We wish to thank to Dr. Peter Schwendinger for macrophotography of the new species. Special thanks go to Dr. Gillian W. Watson (California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento, California, U.S.A.) for reviewing the manuscript. We are grateful for the useful comments of two referees of the manuscript, Prof. Giuseppina Pellizzari and Dr Yair Ben-Dov.