Research Article |
Corresponding author: Xiao-Hui Hou ( hxh19801122@163.com ) Academic editor: Mike Wilson
© 2014 Xiao-Hui Hou, Xiang-Sheng Chen.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Hou X-H, Chen X-S (2014) Revision of the planthopper genus Nycheuma Fennah (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Delphacidae). ZooKeys 462: 47-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.462.6657
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Chinese species in the genus Nycheuma Fennah, 1964a (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae: Delphacinae: Delphacini) are revised to include three species: N. cognatum (Muir, 1917), N. dimorpha (Matsumura, 1910) and N. nilotica Linnavuori, 1973. N. coctum Yang, 1989 is placed in synonymy with N. nilotica Linnavuori, 1973. N. dimorpha (Matsumura, 1910) is newly recorded from China. The generic characteristics are redefined. The main morphological characters, male genitalia of 3 species are described or redescribed and illustrated. A key to Chinese species in the genus is provided.
Hemiptera , Fulgoroidea , Delphacini , Nycheuma , synonymy, new record, taxonomy
The delphacid genus Nycheuma was erected by
Here, the Chinese species of the genus Nycheuma are revised to include three species: N. cognatum (Muir, 1917), N. dimorpha (Matsumura, 1910) and N. nilotica Linnavuori, 1973. N. coctum Yang, 1989 is placed in synonymy with N. nilotica Linnavuori, 1973. N. dimorpha (Matsumura, 1910) collected from Datian National Natural Reserve, Hainan Province, is newly recorded from China. The generic characteristics are redefined. The main morphological characters and male genitalia of 3 species are described or redescribed and illustrated. A key for identifying the Chinese species of Nycheuma is also provided.
The methods and morphological terminology used in this study follow that of
Nycheuma Fennah, 1964a: 145;
Dicranotropis capensis Muir, 1926, by original designation.
The characters used by
Body size. Macropterous form, body length (including forewing): male 3.20–3.44 mm, female 3.70–4.32 mm.
Coloration. General color light yellowish brown to yellowish brown. Pronotum and mesonotum with carinae and border pale yellowish brown. The terminal of first segment and the base of second segment antennae dark brown (Figs
Nycheuma cognatum (Muir) 1 Head and thorax, dorsal view 2 Frons and clypeus 3 Forewing 4 Male genitalia, posterior view 5 Male genitalia, lateral view 6 Diaphragm of pygofer 7 Pygofer, ventral view 8 Anal segment, aedeagus, connective and genital styles, lateral view 9 Aedeagus, lateral view 10 Suspensorium 11 Genital style, posterior view 12 Right genital style, lateral view. Scale 1 mm (Figure 3); 0.2 mm (Figures 1, 2, 4–8); 0.1 mm (Figures 9–12).
Nycheuma dimorpha (Matsumura) 13 Head and thorax, dorsal view 14 Frons and clypeus 15 Forewing 16 Male genitalia, posterior view 17 Male genitalia, lateral view 18 Diaphragm of pygofer 19 Pygofer, ventral view 20 Anal segment, aedeagus, connective and genital styles, lateral view 21 Aedeagus, lateral view 22 Suspensorium 23 Genital style, posterior view 24 Right genital style, lateral view. Scale 0.2 mm (Figures 13–20); 0.1 mm (Figures 21–24).
Nycheuma nilotica Linnavuori 25 Head and thorax, dorsal view 26 Frons and clypeus 27 Forewing 28 Male genitalia, posterior view 29 Male genitalia, lateral view 30 Diaphragm of pygofer 31 Pygofer, ventral view 32 Anal segment, aedeagus, connective and genital styles, lateral view 33 Aedeagus, lateral view 34 Suspensorium 35 Right genital style, posterior view 36 Left genital style, lateral view. Scale 0.5 mm (Figure 27); 0.2 mm (Figures 25, 26, 28–32); 0.1 mm (Figures 33–36).
Head and thorax. Head, including eyes (Figs
Male genitalia. Pygofer short dorsally, long and strongly convex ventrally (Figs
Paspalum orbiculare Forst (
Afrotropical, Indomalayan, Australian and Pacific regions.
In the genera of Delphacini, this genus is most similar to Euidopsis Ribaut, 1948 (with the single species E. truncata Ribaut, 1948), but differs in the following: Frons median carina forked level of ocelli (in Euidopsis, frons median carina forked above level of ocelli); antennae reaching the level of frontoclypeal suture (in Euidopsis, antennae reaching the level of end part of post-clypeus); metatarsal tibial spur with 20 small teeth on lateral margin (in Euidopsis, metatarsal tibial spur with 30 small teeth on lateral margin); pygofer ventral margin with medioventral processes (3 or 1) or absent (in Euidopsis, pygofer ventral margin with 1 small medioventral process); diaphragm without armature (in Euidopsis, diaphragm with 1 armature); aedeagus with 1 long retrose process arising near apex (in Euidopsis, aedeagus with 2 long retrose processes arising near apex).
1 | Forewing of macropterous male without marking apically; phallus with process on right side near apex (Figs |
N. cognatum |
– | Forewing of macropterous male with marking apically; phallus with process on right side near middle (Figs |
2 |
2 | Pygofer ventral margin with 3 identical medioventral process, all processes in a row (Fig. |
N. nilotica |
– | Pygofer ventral margin with 3 distinct medioventral process, intermediate process shorter than lateral processes, processes not in a row (Fig. |
N. dimorpha |
Dicranotropis cognata Muir, 1917: 317.
Nycheuma cognatum (Muir), comb. by
Body length including forewing 3.44 mm (male), 3.95 mm (female).
Coloration. General color uniformly brown. Forewing subhyaline, brown, in brachypterous male with a large black marking at apex.
Head and thorax. Vertex (Fig.
Male genitalia. Anal segment of male (Figs
2 ♂♂, CHINA: Jianfengling National Natural Reserve (18°43'N, 108°53'E), Hainan Province, 17–20 Apr. 2009, collected by X.-H. Hou; 3 ♂♂, CHINA: Bawangling National Natural Reserve (19°05'N, 109°07'E), Hainan Province, 24–28 Apr. 2009, collected by X.-H. Hou; 1 ♂, CHINA: Datian National Natural Reserve (19°06'N, 108°47'E), Hainan Province, 21–23 Apr. 2009, collected by X.-H. Hou; 1 ♂, CHINA: Volcano Park (19°55'N, 110°13'E), Hainan Province, 6–8 Apr. 2009, collected by X.-H. Hou; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, CHINA: Datian National Natural Reserve (19°06'N, 108°47'E), Hainan Province, 9 Jul. 2007, collected by Z.-G. Zhang.
Paspalum orbiculare Forst.
China (Hainan, Taiwan), Philippines, West Caroline Is., Bonin Is., Sri Lanka, New Caledonia, Fiji, Australia.
Dicranotropis dimorpha Matsumura, 1910: 37.
Nycheuma dimorpha (Matsumura), comb. by
Body length including forewing 3.20–3.36 mm (male), 4.20–4.32 mm (female).
Coloration. General color dirty yellowish brown to yellowish brown. Vertex, pronotum and mesonotum (Fig.
Head and thorax. Head including eyes wider than pronotum about 1.1:1. Vertex (Fig.
Male genitalia. Anal segment of male (Figs
3♂♂, 2 ♀♀, CHINA: Datian National Natural Reserve (19°06'N, 108°47'E), Hainan Province, 12–15 Apr. 2009, collected by X.-H. Hou.
Unknown.
China (Hainan: Datian).
Nycheuma nilotica Linnavuori, 1973: 105.
Nycheuma coctum Yang, syn. by
Body length including forewing 3.28–3.37 mm (male), 3.88 mm (female).
Coloration. General color pale yellowish brown. Apex of first antennal segment and base of second, abdomen and pygofer brown, metapleura with large rounded brown spot. Forewing (Fig.
Head and thorax. Vertex (Fig.
Male genitalia. Anal segment of male (Figs
3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, CHINA: Datian National Natural Reserve (19°06'N, 108°47'E), Hainan Province, 10 Jul. 2007, collected by Q.-Z. Song and B. Zhang; 2 ♂♂, CHINA: Sanzhao Yangguangzui (22°16'N, 113°34'E), Guangdong Province, 8 Oct. 2008, collected by X.-H. Hou; 1 ♂, CHINA: Diaoluoshan National Natural Reserve (18°40'N, 109°52'E), Hainan Province, 14 Jul. 2008, collected by H.-R. Li.
Unknown.
China (Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan).
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31160163, 31472033), the Program of Science and Technology Innovation Talents Team, Guizhou Province (No. 20144001) and the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Guizhou (No. 20107005).