An annotated checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) from China

Paolo Rosa; Na-sen Wei; Zai-fu Xu

doi:10.3897/zookeys.455.6557

Catalogue

An annotated checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) from China

Paolo Rosa^‡, Na-sen Wei^§, Zai-fu Xu^§†

‡ Unaffiliated, Bernareggio, Italy

§ South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China

† Deceased author

Corresponding author: Zai-fu Xu ( xuzaifu@scau.edu.cn )

Academic editor: Michael S. Engel

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Rosa P, Wei N, Zaifu X (2014) An annotated checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) from China. ZooKeys 455: 1-128. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.455.6557

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7346B2B9-40BF-4358-AFE4-B3F30023F9F2

Abstract

An annotated checklist of the Chinese Chrysididae is provided. The list includes 188 species and subspecies in twenty three genera of five subfamilies. Four species are proposed as new combinations: Hedychridium cupreum asianum (Linsenmaier, 1997), Philoctetes deauratus (Mocsáry, 1914), Ph. mordvilkoi (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932), and Pseudomalus hypocritus (du Buysson, 1893). Two species are revalidated: Chrysis consobrina Mocsáry, 1889, and Philoctetes mongolicus (du Buysson, 1901). Historical data with comments on the current taxonomic position, and the pictures of sixty five types are also given.

Keywords

Chrysididae , catalogue, new combination, status revived, pictures, China

Introduction

The Chrysididae, commonly known as cuckoo wasps or goldwasps, are a cosmopolitan family and have the greatest diversity in the Palaearctic Region (Morgan 1984). Based on the most recent investigation, 87 genera and 2509 species have been described worldwide in this family (Aguiar et al. 2013). Cuckoo wasps are parasitoids or cleptoparasites of stick insects, moths, and other wasps, bees and sawflies (Kimsey and Bohart 1991). Kimsey and Bohart (1991) divided this family into four subfamilies (Amiseginae, Chrysidinae, Cleptinae, and Loboscelidinae), while Mocsáry (1889), Linsenmaier (1959), Mingo (1994), and Rosa et al. (2013) considered also Parnopinae as a valid subfamily and we follow the latter taxonomic interpretation.

In 1864 Smith included Stilbum cyanurum (sub splendidum) from China in a table of his paper. This is the first report of the Chrysididae from China. From then on, many articles with occasional descriptions of new species of Chinese chrysidid can be found in the literature (Smith 1874a, 1874b; du Buysson 1887, 1893, 1898a, 1898b, 1898c, 1899, 1900, 1901a, 1904, 1908; Mocsáry 1887, 1889, 1890, 1911, 1912a, 1912b, 1913a, 1913b, 1914; Radoszkowski 1887, 1889, 1891; Semenow 1892; Semenov-Tian-Shansky 1909; Bischoff 1910; Uchida 1927; Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1932, 1954, 1967; Hammer 1936, 1950; Tsuneki 1947, 1948a, 1950, 1953a, 1970b, 1982; Linsenmaier 1959, 1968, 1997a; Lin 1964; Móczár 1968; Kimsey 1987a, 1987b, 1988, 1995; Rosa 2003; Xu et al. 2003, 2006; Liu et al. 2010, 2011; Yao et al. 2010; Wei et al. 2013; Wei et al. 2014a, 2014b). But these descriptions are scattered and a compositive review of the Chinese Chrysididae is necessary.

The aim of the present checklist is to summarize the taxa previously recorded for China as a base for further research.

Material and methods

The list follows the genera subdivision proposed by Kimsey and Bohart (1991), with few exceptions. The species are listed alphabetically. Type depositories are given mainly according to Kimsey and Bohart (1991). Types examined are asterisked (*) after the type depositories.

The following abbreviations are used in the text: aberr. (aberratio), biol. (biology), cat. (catalogue), cit. (citation), comp. notes (comparative notes), ecol. (ecology), design. (designation), distr. (distribution), ex. (examplar), fig. (figs) (figure (figures)), misid. (misidentification), pl. (pls) (fig (figs)), syn. (synonym), tab. (table), tax. (taxonomy), typ. gen. (typus generis).

Pictures of the types were taken with Nikon D-80 connected to the stereomicroscope Togal SCZ and stacked with the software Combine ZP.

Types and other specimens were deposited in the following institutions:

AEI The American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, England.

CNC Hymenoptera Section, Biosystematics Institute, Ottawa, Canada.

EIHU Entomology Institute, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.

HNHM Hungarian Naturwissenschaftlichen Museum, Budapest, Hungary.

HEC Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford University Museum, England.

HUSK Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea Republic.

ISEA-PAS Invertebrate collections of the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences in Krakow, Poland.

KUM The Kyushu University Museum, Faculty of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences and Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Fukuoka, Japan.

LSL Linnean Society of London, England.

LZM Lund Zoological Museum, University of Lund, Sweden.

MHNG Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genève, Switzerland.

MMU Zoologial Museum, Lomonosov State University Moscow, Russia.

MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.

MNHU Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany.

MRSN Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Turin, Italy.

MSNG Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “G. Doria”, Genoa, Italy.

MSNM Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Italy.

NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria.

NHRS Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.

NIAS Laboratory of Insect Systematics, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

NMLS Natur Museum Luzern, Switzerland.

OMNH Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka, Japan.

RMNH Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, The Netherlands.

SCAU Department of Entomology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

SMFD Forschungsinstitut und Museum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

TARI Entomology Collection, Taiwan Agricoltural Research Institue, Taichung, Taiwan, China.

USNM United States National Museum of Natural History, United States National Entomological Collection, Washington DC, USA.

ZIN Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia.

ZJUH Institute of Insect Sciences, University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.

ZMU Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Results

I. Taxa from China

Subfamily Cleptinae

1. Genus Cleptes Latreille, 1802

1. Cleptes albonotatus Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_albonotatus

Cleptes albonotatus Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013: 61. Holotype ♀, China: Guangdong: Nanling National Nature Reserve (59 (key), 61 (descr.), 62 (pl. 1), 63 (satoi group), 65 (comp. notes), 74 (comp. notes), 75 (comp. notes), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Guangdong).

2. Cleptes asianus Kimsey, 1987

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_asianus

Cleptes asianus Kimsey, 1987b: 56. Holotype ♀, Taiwan: Wushe (56 (descr.), 57 (figs 3, 4, 7), depository: AEI).

Cleptes asianus: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 59 (cat., orientalis group); Wei et al. 2013: 56 (tab.), 58 (key), 60 (tax., asianus group).

Cleptes (Cleptes) asianus: Móczár 2000: 320 (diagnosis of the asianus group; cat.); 322 (key; figs 3–5); 325 (tax., descr.).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

Remarks

Móczár (2000) added some morphological characteristics to the original description.

3. Cleptes eburnecoxis Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_eburnecoxis

Cleptes eburnecoxis Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013: 63. Holotype ♂, China: Zhejiang: Mt. Tianmu, Xianrending (60 (key), 63 (type series: China: Zhejiang: Mt. Tianmu, Xianrending; Guangxi: Longsheng, Huaping National Nature Reserve, descr.), 64 (pl. 2), 65 (townesi group), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Zhejiang, Guangxi).

4. Cleptes flavolineatus Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_flavolineatus

Cleptes flavolineatus Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013: 65. Holotype ♀, China: Zhejiang: Mt. Tianmu, Xianrending (59 (key), 61 (comp. notes), 65 (descr.), 66 (pl. 3), 67 (satoi group), 74 (comp. notes), depository: ZJUH)*.

Distribution

China (Zhejiang).

5. Cleptes helanshanus Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_helanshanus

Cleptes helanshanus Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013: 67. Holotype ♀, China: Inner Mongolia: Mt. Helan (59 (key), 67 (descr.), 68 (pl. 4), 69 (nitidulus group), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Inner Mongolia).

6. Cleptes mandsuricus Móczár, 1968

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_mandsuricus

Plate 1

Cleptes (Holcocleptes) mandsuricus Móczár, 1968: 171. Holotype ♂, China: Manchuria: Erzendjanzsy (171 (descr.), 172 (figs 5–7), depository: NHMW)*.

Cleptes (Holcocleptes) mandsuricus: Móczár 1998: 325 (cat., aerosus group), 329 (key), 332 (figs 12–13), 337 (China: Manchuria: Erzendjanzsy, tax., descr.).

Cleptes mandsuricus: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 61 (China: Manchuria: Erzendjanzsy, cat., aerosus group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1002 (Northeast China, cat.); Wei et al. 2013: 56 (tab.), 60 (key), 69 (Northeast China, tax.).

Distribution

China.

Remarks

Móczár (1998) added some morphological characteristics to the original description.

7. Cleptes mareki Rosa, 2003

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_mareki

Cleptes (Leiocleptes) mareki Rosa, 2003: 408. Holotype ♀, China: Shanxi: Zhongtiao Shan c. [= Mt. Zhongtiao], 45 km W of Sanmenxia (408 (descr.), 410 (comp. tab.), 411 (figs 1, 2), 412 (figs 3, 4), 413 (figs 5–6), depository: MSNM)*.

Cleptes (Leiocleptes) mareki: Rosa 2005: 5 (cit.), 6 (cit), 7 (China: Shanxi: Zhongtiao Shan c. [= Mt. Zhongtiao], 45 Km W of Sanmenxia, cat.).

Cleptes mareki: Wei et al. 2013: 56 (tab.), 59 (key), 60 (key), 68 (comp. notes), 70 (China: Shanxi; Gansu: Jiuquan, Huangnibao, tax., nitidulus group), 71 (pl. 5, ♂), 72 (pl. 6, ♀), 82 (comp. notes).

Distribution

China (Gansu, Shanxi).

Remarks

Wei et al. (2013) added some morphological characteristics to the original description.

8. Cleptes metallicorpus Ha, Lee & Kim, 2011

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_metallicorpus

Cleptes metallicorpus Ha, Lee & Kim, 2011: 493. Holotype ♀, Korea: Gangwon-do, Wonju-si, Maeji-ri (489 (cit.), 490 (key; figs 1B, 1H, 1O, 1S), 491 (figs 2D, 2H), 493 (descr.), depository: HUSK).

Cleptes metallicorpus: Wei et al. 2013: 59 (key), 70 (China: Guangdong: Nanling National Nature Reserve; Zhejiang: Mt. Tianmu, Xianrending, Mt. Tianmu, Qiliting; Shaanxi: Quing Ling Shan mts, tax., descr.), 73 (pl. 7 ♀), 74 (asianus group), 87 (comp. notes), 91 (comp. notes).

Distribution

China (Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong). Korea (Ha et al. 2011).

9. Cleptes niger Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_niger

Cleptes niger Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013: 74. Holotype ♀, China: Shaanxi: Mt. Taibai, 1100 m (59 (key), 61 (comp. notes), 65 (comp. notes), 74 (descr.), 75 (pl. 8), 76 (satoi group), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Shaanxi).

10. Cleptes seoulensis Tsuneki, 1959

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_seoulensis

Cleptes seoulensis Tsuneki, 1959: 13. Holotype ♀, Korea: Keijo (4 (comp. tab.), 6 (key), 13 (descr.), 14 (comp. notes), 17 (figs 8–12), depository: OMNH, not NIAS (Móczár 1998: 340)).

Cleptes seoulensis: Kim 1970: 506 (tax.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 64 (cat., orientalis group); Ha et al. 2011: 489 (cit.), 490 (key; figs 1C, 1F, 1M, 1T), 491 (figs 2B, 2F), 492 (descr.); Wei et al. 2013: 58 (key), 59 (key), 76 (tax., fudzi group), 77 (descr., pl. 9, ♂), 78 (fudzi group).

Cleptes (Holcocleptes) seoulensis: Móczár 1998: 325 (fudzi group, cat.), 330 (fig. 9), 331 (key), 332 (figs 14–16), 340 (descr., tax.).

Distribution

China (Anhui). Korea (Tsuneki 1959; Kim 1970).

Remarks

Móczár (1998) added some morphological characteristics to the original description. Wei et al. (2013) gave the first description of the male.

11. Cleptes shengi Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_shengi

Cleptes semiauratus (Linnaeus, 1758): Sheng et al. 1998: 7 (misid.).

Cleptes shengi Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013: 78. Holotype ♀, China: Jilin: Maoershan National Forest Park (59 (key), 78 (descr.), 79 (pl. 10), 80 (semiauratus group), 93 (comp. notes), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Jilin).

12. Cleptes sinensis Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_sinensis

Cleptes sinensis Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013: 81. Holotype ♂, China: Shaanxi: Liping National Forest Park (60 (key), 80 (Type series: China: Shaanxi: Liping National Forest Park; Shaanxi, Mt. Taibai; Shaanxi: Liping National; Shaanxi, Liuba, Mt. Zibo; Hainan: Jianfengling National Nature Reserve; Sichuan: Wolong National Nature Reserve; Hubei: Wufeng, Houhe National Nature Reserve, descr.), 81 (pl. 11, ♂), 83 (nitidulus group), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hainan, Sichuan).

13. Cleptes sjostedti Hammer, 1950

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_sjostedti

Plate 2

Cleptes Sjöstedti Hammer, 1950: 2. Holotype ♀, China: Kiangsu [= Jiangsu], (2 (descr.), depository: NHRS)*.

Cleptes pinicola Lin, 1959: 205. Holotype ♀, Taiwan: Lien-hwa-chich (205 (descr.), depository: TARI) (synonymised by Móczár 1998).

Cleptes sjostedti: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 64 (China: Kiangsu [= Jiangsu], cat., orientalis group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1002 (Jiangsu, cat.); Wei et al. 2013: 56 (tab.), 58 (key), 60 (key), 83 (China: Hunan, Liuyang City; Yunnan: Xiangyun; Zhejiang, Anji; Guangdong: Xinhui; Yunnan, Kunming; Anhui: Ningguo; Zhejiang, Gaozhou, Bamen, tax., descr.), 84 (pl. 12, ♀), 85 (pl. 13, ♂), 86 (fudzi group).

Cleptes (Holcocleptes) sjoestedti (!): Móczár 1998: 325 (cat., fudzi group), 332 (key, fig. 19), 340 (tax.), 341 (descr.).

Distribution

China (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Yunnan). Korea (Móczár 1998).

Host

Nesodiprion japonica Marlatt (Hymenoptera, Diprionidae) (Lin 1959; Móczár 1998).

Remarks

Móczár (1998) designated the neotype based on the paratype of sjostedti deposited in NHMW. A closer examination of the type material (by Paolo Rosa) has revealed the original holotype in NHRS, thus Móczár’s neotype has consequently been set aside. Cleptes pinicola Lin was not listed in Kimsey and Bohart (1991). Móczár (1998) and Wei et al. (2013) have provided detailed descriptions.

14. Cleptes taiwanus Tsuneki, 1982

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_taiwanus

Cleptes taiwanus Tsuneki, 1982: 2. Holotype ♀, Taiwan: Pempuchi (2 (descr.), depository: OMNH).

Cleptes taiwanus: Móczár 2000: 320 (cat., asianus group), 321 (fig. 2), 322 (key, fig. 6), 328 (comp. notes), 329 (Taiwan: Nantou Prov., Pempuchi, tax.); Wei et al. 2013: 56 (tab.), 59 (key), 86 (tax., asianus group), 91 (comp. notes).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

Remarks

Cleptes taiwanus Tsuneki is not listed in Kimsey and Bohart (1991). Móczár (2000) has provided some additions and corrections to the original description.

15. Cleptes tibetensis Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_tibetensis

Cleptes tibetensis Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013: 87. Holotype ♂, Tibet: Pailongxiang, Daxiagu (60 (key), 87 (descr.), 88 (pl. 14), 89 (asianus group), 91 (comp. notes), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Tibet).

16. Cleptes townesi Kimsey, 1987

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_townesi

Cleptes townesi Kimsey, 1987b: 58. Holotype ♂, Taiwan: Wushe (58 (descr., figs 2–6), depository: AEI).

Cleptes townesi: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 58 (tax.), 64 (Taiwan: Wushe, cat., townesi group); Móczár 2000: 330 (Taiwan: Wu-feng, tax., descr., townesi group); Wei et al. 2013: 56 (tab.), 60 (key), 63 (comp. notes), 89 (China: Zhejiang: Hangzhou; Fujian: Chong’an, Mt. Wuyi, Jiuqu, descr., townesi group), 90 (pl. 15, ♂).

Distribution

China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan).

17. Cleptes villosus Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cleptes_villosus

Cleptes villosus Wei, Rosa & Xu, 2013: 91. Holotype ♂, China: Guizhou, Suiyang, Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve (60 (key), 87 (comp. notes), 91 (type series: China: Guizhou: Suiyang, Kuankuoshui National Nature Reserve; Daozhen, Dashahe, Xiannvdong, descr.), 92 (pl. 16), 93 (asianus group), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Guizhou).

Subfamily Amiseginae

2. Genus Magdalium Kimsey, 1986

18. Magdalium orchidense Kimsey, 1995

http://species-id.net/wiki/Magdalium_orchidense

Magdalium orchidense Kimsey, 1995: 594. Holotype ♂, Taiwan: Orchid Isl., Batel Tobago (591 (fig. 6), 594 (comp. notes, descr.), depository: CNC).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

3. Genus Nipponosega Kurzenko & Lelej, 1994

19. Nipponosega kurzenkoi Xu, He & Terayama, 2003

http://species-id.net/wiki/Nipponosega_kurzenkoi

Nipponosega kurzenkoi Xu, He & Terayama, 2003: 195. Holotype ♀, China: Zhejiang: Suichang, Mt. Jiulongshan (195 (key, descr.), 196 (figs 1, 2), depository: SCAU)*.

Nipponosega kurzenkoi: Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1002 (China: Zhejiang, cat.).

Distribution

China (Zhejiang).

Subfamily Loboscelidiinae

4. Genus Loboscelidia Westwood, 1874

20. Loboscelidia guangxiensis Xu, Weng & He, 2006

http://species-id.net/wiki/Loboscelidia_guangxiensis

Loboscelidia guangxiensis Xu, Weng & He, 2006: 208. Holotype ♂, China: Guangxi: Jiuwandashan (208 (descr.), 209 (key, figs 1–6), depository: SCAU)*.

Loboscelidia guangxiensis: Liu et al. 2010: 641 (key in Chinese), 645 (key in English); Yao et al. 2010: 526 (China: Guangxi: Jiuwandashan; Guangdong: Nanling National Nature Reserve; Chebaling National Nature Reserve, distr., tax.), 527 (figs 1A–1H), 528 (comp. notes), 533 (key); Kimsey 2012: 6 (key), 16 (comp. notes), 18 (China: Guangxi, Jiuwandashan, tax.), 19 (comp. notes).

Distribution

China (Guangdong, Guangxi).

21. Loboscelidia hei Liu, Yao & Xu, 2010

http://species-id.net/wiki/Loboscelidia_hei

Loboscelidia hei Liu, Yao & Xu, 2010: 642. Holotype ♀, China: Fujian, Mt. Meihua (641 (key in Chinese), 642 (descr. in Chinese, figs 1–6), 645 (key and descr. in English), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Fujian).

22. Loboscelidia levigata Yao, Liu & Xu, 2010

http://species-id.net/wiki/Loboscelidia_levigata

Loboscelidia levigata Yao, Liu & Xu, 2010: 528. Holotype ♂, China: Guangdong: Chebaling National Nature Reserve (526 (cit.), 528 (type series: China: Guangdong: Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Nanling National Nature Reserve; Fujian: Minqing County, Huangchulin Provincial Nature Reserve, descr.), 529 (figs 2A–2H), 533 (key), depository: SCAU)*.

Loboscelidia levigata: Kimsey 2012: 8 (key), 24 (China: Guandong, tax.), 30 (comp. notes), 35 (comp. notes).

Distribution

China (Fujian, Guangdong).

23. Loboscelidia maai (Lin, 1964)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Loboscelidia_maai

Scelidoloba maai Lin, 1964: 238. Holotype ♀ (not ♂); Taiwan: Paomingszu, 2 km S Keelung (238 (descr.), depository: TARI).

Loboscelidia latigena Lin, 1964: 241. Holotype ♂, Taiwan: Tsaoshan, 20 km NW Taipei city (241 (descr.), depository: TARI) (synonymised by Kimsey 2012).

Loboscelidia artigena Lin, 1964: 243. Holotype ♂, Taiwan: Paomingzu, 2 Km S Keelung (243 (descry.), depository: TARI) (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Loboscelidia maai (Lin, 1964): Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 147 (Taiwan, cat.); Xu et al. 2006: 209 (key); Liu et al. 2010: 641 (key in Chinese), 643 (comp. notes in Chinese.), 645 (key and comp. notes in English); Yao et al. 2010: 526 (cit.), 533 (key); Kimsey 2012: 11 (comp. notes), 24 (Taiwan, tax.).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

Remarks

In Kimsey (2012)L. latigena is considered a synonym of L. maai, but in the keys L. latigena, rather than L. maai, is mentioned.

24. Loboscelidia sinensis Kimsey, 1988

http://species-id.net/wiki/Loboscelidia_sinensis

Loboscelidia sinensis Kimsey, 1988: 76. Holotype ♂, China: Hainan (76 (descr.), depository: BMNH).

Loboscelidia sinensis: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 148 (China: Hainan, cat.); Xu et al. 2006: 209 (key); Liu et al. 2010: 641 (key in Chinese), 645 (key in English); Yao et al. 2010: 526 (cit.), 530 (China: China: Zhejiang: Kaihua County, Gutianshan Provincial Nature Reserve; Taishun County, Wuyanling Provincial Nature Reserve; Fujian, Minqing, Huangchulin Provincial Nature Reserve; Guangdong, Nanling National Nature Reserve; Shixing, Chebaling National Nature Reserve; Hainan, Jianfengling National Nature Reserve; Bawangling National Nature Reserve, descr., tax.), 531 (figs 3A–3H), 533 (key, comp. notes); Kimsey 2012: 8 (key), 24 (comp. notes), 37 (China: Hainan, descr., tax.), 39 (cit.).

Distribution

China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan).

25. Loboscelidia striolata Yao, Liu & Xu, 2010

http://species-id.net/wiki/Loboscelidia_striolata

Loboscelidia striolata Yao, Liu & Xu, 2010: 530. Holotype ♂, China: Guangdong: Nanling National Nature Reserve (526 (cit.), 530 (descr.), 532 (figs 4A–4H), 533 (key), depository: SCAU)*.

Loboscelidia striolata: Kimsey 2012: 24 (comp. notes), 38 (China: Guangdong, tax.), 39 (comp. notes).

Distribution

China (Guandong).

26. Loboscelidia zengae Liu, Yao & Xu, 2010

http://species-id.net/wiki/Loboscelidia_zengae

Loboscelidia zengae Liu, Yao & Xu, 2010: 643. Holotype ♀, China: Hainan: Wuzhishan (641 (key in Chinese), 643 (descr. in Chinese), 644 (figs 7–12), 645 (key, descr. in English), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Hainan).

5. Genus Rhadinoscelidia Kimsey, 1988

27. Rhadinoscelidia delta Liu, Yao & Xu, 2011

http://species-id.net/wiki/Rhadinoscelidia_delta

Rhadinoscelidia delta Liu, Yao & Xu, 2011: 13. Holotype ♀, China: Hainan: Wuzhishan (13 (descr.), 14 (figs 1–6), 15 (figs 7–12), 16 (key), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Hainan).

Subfamily Chrysidinae

Tribe Elampini

6. Genus Elampus Spinola, 1806

28. Elampus albipennis (Mocsáry, 1889)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_albipennis

Plate 3

Ellampus (Notozus) albipennis Mocsáry, 1889: 80 [nec Elampus]. Lectotype ♂ design. by Móczár (1964b: 447), Russia: Sarepta (depository: HNHM)*.

Notozus violascens (Mocsáry, 1889): du Buysson 1911: 218 (China: “Nan Chan, versant Nord; route de Cha Tchéou à Kan Tchéou; Linchouei, par 1, 500 mètres d’altitude, 25 juin 1908. Nan Chan: route de Kan Tchéou à Lan Tchéou par Si Ning; col de King Yang Ling, par 3,800 mètres d’altitude”, tax.) [misid.].

Notozus albipennis: Tsuneki 1953a: 54 (Manchuria: Kaiyüan, Kupeikau, tax.).

Omalus (Notozus) albipennis: Linsenmaier 1959: 16 (key), 24 (tax., cat., distr.).

Elampus albipennis: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 166 (cat.).

Distribution

China (Liaoning, Beijing). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Tsuneki 1953a; Linsenmaier 1959). The Chinese specimen is not listed in the distribution by Kimsey and Bohart (1991).

Remarks

The record of Notozus violascens Mocsáry by du Buysson (1911) is a misidentification: the reduced dimension and the green colour reported by the author match other species: E. albipennis Mocsáry, E. mocsaryi (Radoszkowski) and E. turcmenicus (Linsenmaier). Without examining the specimens it is not possible to correctly identify them.

Linsenmaier (1959) placed E. tournieri Dalla Torre, 1892 (repl. name for E. viridis Tournier, 1890) as synonym of E. albipennis (Mocsáry).

29. Elampus bischoffi Kimsey, 1991

http://species-id.net/wiki/Elampus_bischoffi

Notuzus spinosus Bischoff, 1910: 436. Syntypes ♂♀, China: Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang], Tschakar and Saiback near Pulu (MNHU)*, nec Provancher, 1881.

Notuzus spinosus Bischoff, 1913: 7 (Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang], cat.).

Elampus (Notozus) spinosus: Linsenmaier 1959: 16 (key), 24 (Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang], tax., descr.).

Elampus bischoffi Kimsey (in Kimsey & Bohart), 1991: 167. Replacement name for spinosus Bischoff, 1910 nec Provancher, 1881, China: Sinkiang [= Xinjiang], cat.).

Elampus bischoffi: Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1003 (China: Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia).

30. Elampus coeruleus Dahlbom, 1854

http://species-id.net/wiki/Elampus_coeruleus

Plate 4

Elampus coeruleus Dahlbom, 1854: 46. Syntypes, ♂♀, Austria, Germany, Ukraine (46 (descr.), depository: MNHU)*.

Omalus viridiventris Abeille, 1878: 2. Unnecessary replacement name for Elampus coeruleus Dahlbom, 1854.

Notozus coeruleus f. coeruleus: Tsuneki 1953a: 53 (Manchuria: Tierin, cat.).

Omalus (Notozus) panzeri ssp. coeruleus: Linsenmaier 1968: 12 (Manchuria [Heilongjiang], distr.).

Notozus panzeri coeruleus: Banaszak 1980: 8 (Manchuria [Heilongjiang], tax.).

Elampus caeruleus (!): Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 167 (cat.).

Material examined

Heilongjiang: 1♂, Harbin, without data; 1♂, Harbin, 10.VII.1949 leg. Alin (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Liaoning). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Tsuneki 1953a; Linsenmaier 1959, 1968).

Remarks

The taxonomic status of E. coeruleus is unclear. Various authors have alternately considered it as a valid species, a subspecies of E. panzeri, or a synonym of either E. panzeri or E. constrictus.

31. Elampus constrictus (Förster, 1853)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Notozus_constrictus

Notozus constrictus Förster, 1853: 336. Holotype ♂, Germany: Aachen (336 (descr.), depository: MNHU)*.

Ellampus (Notozus) soror Mocsáry, 1889: 68. Neotype ♀ design. by Móczár (1964b: 422), Hungary: Budapest (depository: HNHM) (synonymised by Móczár, 1967).

Elampus panzeri sensu Trautmann, 1927, sensu Linsenmaier, 1959.

Notozus yasumatsui: Tsuneki 1948a: 116 (China: Kaiyüan).

Notozus panzeri: Tsuneki 1948a: 118 (China: Shanxi: Tungyehchen, distr., tax.), 128 (China: Shanxi, cat.).

Notozus coeruleus f. soror: Tsuneki 1953a: 54 (China: Kaiyüan, tax.).

Distribution

China (Liaoning, Shanxi). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Linsenmaier 1959; Móczár 1967).

Remarks

Tsuneki (1953a) wrote that the paratype of E. yasumatsui from Shanxi is to be referred to Elampus (=Notozus) coeruleus f. soror. The taxonomic position of E. soror is unclear: according to Linsenmaier (1959) it is a synonym of E. coeruleus Dahlbom. It has been considered a variety of E. coeruleus (Bischoff 1913), E. panzeri (Trautmann 1927) and E. constrictus (Móczár 1964b). Only Kimsey and Bohart (1991) listed E. soror as a valid species. We here consider E. soror as a synonym of E. constrictus following Móczár (1967) and Rosa and Soon (2012). Kimsey and Bohart (1991) considered E. panzeri and E. constrictus synonyms of Chrysis E. scutellaris Panzer, but without any type examination.

32. Elampus mocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1887

http://species-id.net/wiki/Elampus_mocsaryi

Elampus mocsari (!) Radoszkowski, 1887: 45. Holotype ♀, China [not Mongolia]: Qinghai: Zaïdam (45 (descr.), depository: ISEA-PAS)*.

Ellampus (Notozus) mocsaryi: Mocsáry 1889: 80. Justified emendation of Elampus mocsari Radoszkowski, 1887.

Ellampus mocsaryi: Dalla Torre 1892: 14 (Mongolia [= China], cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 168 (Mongolia [= China], cat.).

Notozus mocsaryi: Bischoff 1913: 6 (Mongolia [= China], cat.).

Omalus (Notozus) mocsaryi: Linsenmaier 1959: 16 (key), 24 (Mongolia [= China], tax., descr.).

Distribution

China (Qinghai).

33. Elampus panzeri (Fabricius, 1804)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_panzeri

Chrysis scutellaris Panzer, 1798: fig. 51, tav. 11. Holotype (sex unknown), Germany: Nurnberg (MNHU?).

Chrysis panzeri Fabricius, 1804: 172. Replacement name for Chrysis scutellaris Panzer, 1798, nec Fabricius, 1794.

Notozus constrictus Förster, 1853 sensu Linsenmaier 1959.

Notozus constrictus: Balthasar 1954: 73 (key), 77 (tax., descr.), 78 (China, distr.); Banaszak 1980: 8 (Manchuria, tax., biol.).

Omalus (Notozus) constrictus: Linsenmaier 1959: 16 (key), 24 (Manchuria, tax., descr.), 216 (fig. 667).

Material examined

Heilongjiang: 1♂, Harbin, 19.VII.1953; 1♂, Harbin, 10.VII.1949 leg. Alin (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Linsenmaier 1959).

34. Elampus schmidtianus (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Notozus_schmidtianus

Plate 5

Notozus schmidtianus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 124. Holotype ♀, China: Xinjiang: Gashun Gobi, Sandzou oasis (124 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Elampus schmidtianus: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 170 (China: Gashun Gobi, cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang). Former southern USSR (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Remarks

This species is closely related to E. albipennis (Mocsáry, 1889).

35. Elampus spinipes (Mocsáry, 1890)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_spinipes

Ellampus (Notozus) spinipes Mocsáry, 1890b: 49. Holotype ♀, China: “Mongolia meridionalis (Ta-wan), [China: Inner Mongolia] (49 (descr.), depository: ISEA-PAS)*.

Ellampus spinipes: Dalla Torre 1892: 18 (Mongolia [= Inner Mongolia], cat.).

Elampus spinipes: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 171 (Mongolia [= Inner Mongolia], cat.).

Notozus spinipes: Bischoff 1913: 7 (Mongolia [= Inner Mongolia], cat.).

Omalus (Notozus) spinipes: Linsenmaier 1959: 16 (key), 24 (Mongolia [= Inner Mongolia], descr.).

Distribution

China (Inner Mongolia).

Remarks

The type locality in literature was always considered in Mongolia.

36. Elampus yasumatsui (Tsuneki, 1948)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Notozus_yasumatsui

Notozus yasumatsui Tsuneki, 1948a: 116. Holotype ♀, China: Shanxi: Yüankii (116 (descr.) 117 (comp. notes), 128 (Shanxi, cat.), pl. 6 (figs. A–F), depository: KUM).

Omalus (Notozus) yasumatsui: Linsenmaier 1959: 16 (key), 24 (China, descr.).

Elampus yasumatsui: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 173 (China: Shanxi, cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1003 (China: Shanxi, cat.).

Distribution

China (Shanxi).

7. Genus Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin, 1878

37. Hedychridium ardens mongolicum Tsuneki, 1947

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychridium_ardens_mongolicum

Hedychridium ardens ssp. mongolicum Tsuneki, 1947: 47. Holotype ♀, China: Inner Mongolia: Apaka (47 (descr.), depository: NIAS).

Hedychridium ardens ssp. mongolicum: Linsenmaier 1959: 48 (possible synonym of incensum Mocsáry, 1914).

Hedychridium ardens: Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1003 (China: Gansu: Xiahe, cat.).

Distribution

China (Inner Mongolia, Gansu).

Remarks

Linsenmaier (1959) considered Hedychridium ardens ssp. mongolicum a possible junior synonym of Hedychridium incensum (Mocsáry, 1914). The type examination of H. ardens ssp. mongolicum is needed, because H. ardens ssp. mongolicum could be also related to Hedychridium ardens ssp. asianum Linsenmaier, 1997 described from Mongolia [= integrum ssp. asianum]. However, Linsenmaier did not check any types in this complicated species group.

38. Hedychridium coriaceum (Dahlbom, 1854)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_coriaceum

Plate 6

Hedychrum coriaceum Dahlbom, 1854: 88. Lectotype ♀ design. by Morgan (1984: 10), Finland (depository: LZM)*.

Hedychridium coriaceum: Tsuneki 1947: 46 (China: Beijing, cat.); Linsenmaier 1959: 44 (key), 53 (tax., descr.), 200 (figs 189, 190); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 184 (tax.), 191 (cat.).

Distribution

China (Beijing). Europe (Linsenmaier 1959; Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

39. Hedychridium cupreum asianum (Linsenmaier, 1997), n. comb.

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychridium_integrum_asianum

Hedychridium integrum ssp. asianum Linsenmaier, 1997a: 254. Holotype ♂, Mongolia: Central Aimag, Ulan Bator, 1900 m (254 (descr.), type series: China: Gansu, Xiahe, 3000–3500 m, depository: coll. Koschwitz, Germany).

Distribution

China (Gansu). Mongolia (Linsenmaier 1997a).

Remarks

Linsenmaier (1959) and Kimsey and Bohart (1991) listed Hedychridium integrum (Dahlbom, 1829) and H. cupreum (Dahlbom, 1845) as valid species, but H. integrum is a greenish form of H. ardens (Coquebert, 1801) (Paukkunen et al. 2014). Therefore we transfer the subspecies H. asianum Linsenmaier to H. cupreum (Dahlbom).

40. Hedychridium cupreum (Dahlbom, 1845)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_cupreum

Plate 7

Hedychrum cupreum Dahlbom, 1845: 3. Lectotype ♀ design. by Paukkunen et al. (2014), Sweden [nec Switzerland] (3 (descr.), depository: NHMW)*.

Hedychridium integrum f. cupratum: Tsuneki 1948a: 123 (China: Shanxi: Chenhaissu, cat.), 128 (Shanxi, cat.).

Distribution

China (Shanxi). Widely distributed from central and northern Europe to West Asia (Linsenmaier 1959, 1997a).

Remarks

The species was listed as cupratum Dahlbom by Tsuneki (1948a), a species endemic to the European Alps and is to be excluded from the Chinese fauna. It is likely that Tsuneki was referring to cupreum (Dahlbom, 1854), which is widely distributed from central and northern Europe all the way to West Asia.

41. Hedychridium flos (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyrteuchrum_flos

Plate 8

Cyrteuchrum flos Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954: 105. Holotype ♀, Kazakhstan: Imam-Baba (depository: ZIN)*.

Cyrteuchrum nivifrons Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 134. Holotype ♂, China [Xinjiang]: Bugas near Hami [Kumul] (depository: ZIN)* (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 194).

Hedychridium flos: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 194 (cat.); Rosa et al. 2013: 5 (China: Xinjiang [= Heilongjiang], cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang). Iran, Kazakhstan (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1967; Rosa et al. 2013).

42. Hedychridium roborovskii Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychridium_roborovskii

Plate 9

Hedychridium roborovskii Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 129. Holotype ♀, China: Xinjiang: Gashun Gobi, Sachzou oasis (129 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Hedychridium roborovskii: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 203 (China: Gashun Gobi, cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

43. Hedychridium roseum (Rossi, 1790)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_carnea_rosea

Chrysis carnea var. rosea Rossi, 1790: 75. Syntypes, Italy: Tuscany (75 (descr.), depository: MNHU?).

Hedychridium roseum: Tsuneki 1953a: 55 (Manchuria: Fen-Tien [= Liaoning], cat., distr.); Tsuneki 1953b: 23 (Manchuria, cat.); Linsenmaier 1959: 57 (roseum group), 58 (Manchuria, key, tax., distr.), 198 (figs 105, 106, 115), 199 (fig. 137); Banaszak 1980: 14 (Manchuria, tax., biol.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 180 (fig. 62m), 185 (tax.), 203 (cat.).

Hedychridium roseum roseum: Arens 2010: 406 (Manchuria, cat.), 410 (tax., descr.), 442 (figs 9e, 9f).

Material examined

1 ex., Heilongjiang: Harbin, 20.VII.1953 leg. Alin (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Liaoning). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Tsuneki 1953a, 1953b; Linsenmaier 1959, 1999; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

8. Genus Hedychrum Latreille, 1802

44. Hedychrum chalybaeum Dahlbom, 1854

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_chalybaeum

Hedychrum chalybaeum Dahlbom, 1854: 64. Syntypes ♂♂, Europe: ‘Europa media et meridionali’, Russia, Prussia, Silesia (64 (descr.), depositories: MNHU, LZM)*.

Hedychrum coerulescens Shuckard, 1837: Tsuneki 1947: 51 (China: Inner Mongolia: Apaka, cat.) [misid.].

Hedychrum szaboi Mocsáry, 1889: 167. Lectotype ♀ (design. by Móczár (1964a: 440), Germany: Thuringia (167 (descr.), depository: HNHM)* (synonymised by Trautmann 1927).

Hedychrum chalybaeum: Tsuneki 1953a: 55 (China: Heilongjiang: Harbin, cat., distr.); Linsenmaier 1959: 36 (key), 39 (Manchuria, tax., descr.), 197 (figs 65–69); Móczár 1967: 39 (China, key, tax., descr.); Banaszak 1980: 16 (tax., distr.), 17 (China, biol.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 210 (tax.), 212 (cat.).

Hedychrum komarovi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 138. Holotype ♂, China: Gansu (138 (descr.), depository: ZIN)* (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Hedychrum martynovi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 138. Holotype ♂, Manchuria: Langashi (138 (descr.), depository: ZIN)* (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Linsenmaier 1959; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

Remarks

Hedychrum szaboi Mocsáry, 1889 is the female of H. chalybaeum Dahlbom (Trautmann 1927).

45. Hedychrum davidi du Buysson, 1900

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_davidi

Hedychrum davidi du Buysson, 1900: 131. Holotype ♀, China: Beijing (131 (descr.), depository: MNHN).

Hedychrum davidi: Bischoff 1913: 18 (China, cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 213 (China: Beijing, cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1003 (China: Beijing, cat.).

Distribution

China (Beijing).

46. Hedychrum formosanum Mocsáry, 1911

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_formosanum

Plate 10

Hedychrum formosanum Mocsáry, 1911: 458. Holotype ♂, Taiwan: Takao [= Kaohsiung] (458 (descr.), depository: HNHM)*.

Hedychrum formosanum: Mocsáry 1913b: 613 (Taiwan: Takao [= Kaohsiung], cat.), 619 (cat.); Bischoff 1913: 19 (Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1927: 150 (Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1933: 2 (Taiwan, cat.); Tsuneki 1970b: 4 (Taiwan: Shihtsulu, Kuonfu, tax., descr.), 5 (comp. notes); Tsuneki 1970c: 48 (Formosa, tax.).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

Remarks

Tsuneki (1970b) gave a detailed comparison with the similar Japanese species H. okai Tsuneki.

47. Hedychrum gerstaeckeri Chevrier, 1869

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_gerstaeckeri

Plate 11

Hedychrum gerstaeckeri Chevrier, 1869: 47. Syntypes ♀♀, Switzerland: Nyon, Beau-lac (47 (descr.), depository: MHNG)*.

Hedychrum marianum Mocsáry, 1911: 450. Lectotype ♀ design. by French (in Bohart and French 1986: 341), China (depository: HNHM)*.

Hedychrum marianum: Bischoff 1913: 19 (China, cat.); Wu 1941: 118 (China, cat.); Linsenmaier 1959: 41 (syn. of japonicum Mocsáry); Bohart and French 1986: 341 (China, lectotype design.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 214 (China, syn.).

Hedychrum gerstaeckeri f. marianum: Tsuneki 1947: 50 (tax., possible syn. of japonicum Cameron, 1887).

Hedychrum gerstaeckeri: Tsuneki 1947: 50 (comp. notes); Linsenmaier 1959: 36 (key), 37 (key), 40 (tax., descr.), 198 (figs 81–83); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 214 (Taiwan, cat.); Linsenmaier 1997b: 33 (key), 62 (Taiwan, tax., descr., fig. 33), 63 (colour picture).

?Hedychrum gerstaeckeri ssp. formosaiense Linsenmaier, 1959: 41. Holotype ♂, Taiwan (41 (descr.), depository: RMNH).

Distribution

China (Taiwan and mainland) (Linsenmaier 1959). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Mocsáry 1911; Trautmann 1927; Linsenmaier 1959; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

Remarks

The placement of H. gerstaeckeri formosaiense Linsenmaier is uncertain. According to Tsuneki (1970b), it could be synonym or a form of Hedychrum japonicum Cameron, 1887.

48. Hedychrum gracile Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_gracile

Plate 12

Hedychrum gracile Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 139. Holotype ♀, China: Gansu (139 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Hedychrum gracile: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 214 (China: Han Shui, cat.).

Distribution

China (Sichuan).

Remarks

The label of the holotype is handwritten by Semenov: Sichuan, Maozhou-Matajgi, leg. Potanin, 27.VIII.1893. Actually, the date (27.VIII.1893) and the collector (Potanin) given in the description are the same as those on the type label. Semenov-Tian-Shanskij mistakenly placed the type locality in Gansu Province instead of the adjacent Sichuan Province.

49. Hedychrum japonicum Cameron, 1887

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_japonicum

Hedychrum japonicum Cameron, 1887: 123. Holotype ♂, Japan: Fukui (123 (descr.), depository: BMNH).

Hedychrum japonicum: Tsuneki 1946: 35 (North China, tax.), 39 (descr.); Tsuneki 1947: 50 (comp. notes); Tsuneki 1953b: 23 (North China, tax., aberr.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 214 (cat.).

Hedychrum gerstaeckeri ssp. japonicum: Linsenmaier 1959: 41 (North China, descr.); Tsuneki 1970b: 33 (North China, Taiwan, tax.); Tsuneki 1970b: 3 (tax.), 4 (Taiwan: Wushue, notes); Tsuneki 1970c: 47 (Taiwan, North China, key, tax.).

Distribution

North China and Taiwan. Korea, Japan (Tsuneki 1953b; Linsenmaier 1959).

Host

H. gerstaeckeri japonicum was observed flying around the nests of Cerceris spp., in particular those of C. hortivaga Kohl (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae). For other host relationships observed in Europe see Rosa (2006).

Remarks

Tsuneki (1946) considered H. marianum as the junior synonym of H. japonicum.

50. Hedychrum latitudum Linsenmaier, 1959

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_latitudum

Hedychrum latitudum Linsenmaier, 1959: 39. Holotype ♂, China: Heilongjiang: Harbin (36 (key), 39 (descr.), 197 (figs 75, 76), depository: NMLS)*.

Hedychrum latitudum: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 215 (China: Manchuria, cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1003 (China: Heilongjiang, cat.).

Material examined

Heilongjiang: 1♂, Harbin, 20.VII.1953, leg. Alin / Type (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang).

51. Hedychrum longicolle Abeille, 1877

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_longicolle

Plate 13

Hedychrum longicolle Abeille, 1877: 65. Lectotype ♀ design. by Kimsey (1986: 108), France: Marseille, Toulon (65 (descr.), depositories: MNHN, MHNG)*.

Hedychrum longicolle: du Buysson 1904: 257 (China, cat.); Trautmann 1927: 71 (China, tax., descr., distr.); Berland and Bernard 1938: 53 (key), 55 (China, tax., descr., distr.), 56 (figs 68–69); Balthasar 1954: 120 (tax.), 122 (China, key, tax., descr., distr.); Linsenmaier 1959: 36 (key), 37 (key), 41 (China, tax., descr., distr.), 198 (figs 84–86); Móczár 1967: 41 (China, key, tax., descr., distr.); Banaszak 1980: 19 (China, tax., distr.); Kimsey 1986: 108 (lectotype des.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 209 (figs 64d, 64h, 64l), 210 (tax.), 215 (cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1003 (China, cat.).

Distribution

China. Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Linsenmaier 1959, 1999; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

52. Hedychrum manchurianum Tsuneki, 1950

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_manchurianum

Hedychrum manchurianum Tsuneki, 1950: 64. Holotype ♀, Manchuria (64 (Kaiyüan, descr.), depository: EIHU).

Hedychrum manchurianum: Tsuneki 1953a: 57 (Manchuria, tax., fig. 1); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 216 (Manchuria, cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1003 (Northeast China, cat.).

Distribution

China (Liaoning).

53. Hedychrum niemelai Linsenmaier, 1959

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_aureicolle_niemelai

Plate 14

Hedychrum aureicolle ssp. niemelai Linsenmaier, 1959: 38. Holotype ♀, Switzerland: Wallis (63 (type series: Manchuria, descr.), 197 (figs 62–64), depository: NMLS)*.

Hedychrum aureicolle ssp. niemelai: Banaszak 1980: 19 (Manchuria, tax., distr., biol.); Linsenmaier 1997b: 33 (key), 62 (Manchuria, tax., descr., distr., fig. 32).

Hedychrum niemelai: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 217 (cat.).

Material examined

Heilongjiang: Paratype, 1♀, Harbin, 20 July (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang). Switzerland (Linsenmaier 1959).

54. Hedychrum nobile (Scopoli, 1763)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Sphex_nobile

Sphex nobile Scopoli, 1763: 297. Holotype ♀; Italy (297 (descr.), type lost).

Hedychrum nobile: Hammer 1936: 3 (China: Kansu [= Gansu], cat.); Tsuneki 1947: 47 (China: Inner Mongolia: Apaka, cat., distr.); Tsuneki 1953a: 56 (Manchuria: Furaruki, North of Tsitsihar [= Qiqihar], cat., distr.); Tsuneki 1953b: 23 (North China, Manchuria, cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 209 (fig. 209e), 210 (tax.), 217 (cat.).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Tianjin). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region from Europe and North Africa to Turkmenistan, Siberia, Korea, Japan (Tsuneki 1953b; Linsenmaier 1959; Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

55. Hedychrum simile Mocsáry, 1889

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_simile

Plate 15

Hedychrum cyaneum Mocsáry (in Radoszkowski), 1889: 10 nec Brullé, 1846. Lectotype ♀ design. by French (in Bohart and French 1986: 341), China “Ta-schian-sy” (HNHM)*.

Hedychrum simile Mocsáry, 1889: 157. Replacement name for Hedychrum cyaneum Radoszkowski, 1889 nec Brullé, 1846.

Hedychrum simile: Dalla Torre, 1892: 35 (China, cat.); Mocsáry 1890a: 61 (China borealis, cat.); Tsuneki 1946: 37 (Manchuria, tax.); Tsuneki 1947: 51 (China: Inner Mongolia: Apaka; North China: Tientsing [= Tianjin], tax., distr.); Tsuneki 1953b: 23 (North China, Manchuria, tax.); Linsenmaier 1959: 36 (key), 37 (key), 39 (Manchuria, tax., descr.), 198 (figs 79, 80); Bohart and French 1986: 341 (lectotype designation by French, China (“borealis”): Ta-schian-sy); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 220 (China, Manchuria, cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1003 (Northeast China, tax.); Terayama et al. 2010: 6 (figs.), 10 (China, cat.), 12 (tab., biol.).

Hedychrum simili (!): Uchida 1927: 151 (North China, cat.).

Hedychrum simile f. pullatum Tsuneki, 1953b: 23. Syntype ♂♀, Korea, Shôyôzan (23 (descr.), depository: NIAS).

Hedychrum simile ssp. aereum Tsuneki, 1970a: 34. Holotype ♀, Japan, Chiba (34 (descr.), depository: NIAS).

Distribution

Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Tianjin. Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region from Europe and North Africa to Central Asia, Mongolia, Korea, Japan and Russian Far East (Tsuneki 1953b; Linsenmaier 1959; Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

Host

Cerceris arenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) (Tsuneki 1979).

Remarks

Mocsáry examined at least two specimens of both sexes (see the simbols male and female in the first couplet). However, in the original description Mocsáry (in Radoszkowski) gave the description of H. simile (sub cyaneum Mocsáry nec Brullé) based only on the male housed in the Radoszkowski collection and dissected by the Russian entomologist, who drew the genitalia. The type locality given by Radoszkowski is “Siberia orientalis”, and it has to be referred only to the male housed in the Radoszkowski collection. In the MNHM, we examined the rest of the type series listed by Mocsáry (1889): a female specimen collected in China (Ta-schian-sy). French (1986) designated this female as lectotype. However, this female belongs to a different species compared with the male collected in Siberia. The female lectotype is characterised by the very long pronotum (similar to H. longicolle) and sharp and pointing out propodeal angles, while the male has a short pronotum and wide and triangular propodeal angles. A revision of the blue Asian species of Hedychrum is missing and urgently needed.

56. Hedychrum sinicum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_sinicum

Plate 16

Hedychrum sinicum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 140. Holotype ♂, China: Sichuan (depository: ZIN)*.

Hedychrum sinicum: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 220 (China: Sechuan [= Sichuan], cat.).

Distribution

China (Sichuan).

57. Hedychrum taiwanense Tsuneki, 1970

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_taiwanense

Hedychrum taiwanense Tsuneki, 1970b: 5. Holotype ♂, Taiwan: Liyuchih [= Li-yu Ch’ih]: Hualien (5 (tax. descr.), depository: NIAS).

Hedychrum taiwanense: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 221 (Taiwan: Liyuchih Prov., Hualien, cat.).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

58. Hedychrum takasago Tsuneki, 1970

http://species-id.net/wiki/Hedychrum_takasago

Hedychrum takasago Tsuneki, 1970b: 4. Holotype ♀, Taiwan: Chuchi: Chiai (4 (tax., descr.), 5 (type series: Taiwan: Chiai Prov: Chuchi; Hualien Prov: Kuanfu, Pingtung Prov.: Henchung, tax., descr. comp. notes), depository: OMNH, not NIAS).

Hedychrum takasago: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 221 (Taiwan: Chuchi, cat.).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

9. Genus Holophris Mocsáry, 1890

59. Holophris taiwanus (Tsuneki, 1970)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Omalus_taiwanus

Omalus taiwanus Tsuneki, 1970b: 2. Holotype ♂, Taiwan: Nantou: Chienching (2 (tax., descr., figs 1–4), 3 (type series: Taiwan: Nantou Province: Chienching, Puli), depository: OMNH, not NIAS).

Holophris taiwanus: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 225 (Taiwan, cat.).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

10. Genus Holopyga Dahlbom, 1845

60. Holopyga amoenula virideaurata Linsenmaier, 1951

http://species-id.net/wiki/Holopyga_amoenula_virideaurata

Holopyga amoenula var. virideaurata Linsenmaier, 1951: 16. Holotype ♀, Greece: Rhodes (16 (descr.), depository: NMLS)*.

Holopyga amoenula ssp. virideaurata: Linsenmaier 1959: 31 (? China, tax.).

Holopyga amoenula: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 228 (cat.).

Material examined

Heilongjiang: 1♂, Harbin, 6.VII.1947; 1♀, id., 10.VII.1949; 1♂, id., 20.VII.1953, all specimens leg. Alin; 1♀, China; 1♂, Kouy-Théou Cavalarie 1921 (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Guizhou). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Remarks

Linsenmaier (1959) dubiously considered the specimens from Harbin to be H. amoenula ssp. virideaurata. These specimens were still identified as virideaurata in his collection and seem to fit the current interpretation of the taxon. At present, H. amoenula amoenula is an endemism of the Mediterranean island of Rhodes, but some specimens may also be found in southern Greece. A re-evaluation of all the subspecies and taxa related to H. amoenula s. str. is urgently needed.

61. Holopyga chrysonota (Förster, 1853)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_chrysonotus

Ellampus chrysonotus Förster, 1853: 347. Holotype ♀, Hungary: Budapest (347 (descr.), depository: MNHU)*.

Holopyga gloriosa f. chrysonota: Tsuneki 1947: 45 (cat.), 46 (China: Beijing, Inner Mongolia, tax., distr.).

Holopyga chrysonota: Linsenmaier 1959: 30 (key), 32 (tax., descr.), 197 (fig. 34); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 227 (fig. 68a), 230 (cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1004 (China, cat.).

Distribution

China (Beijing, Inner Mongolia). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

Remarks

The identification of this taxon is dubious because Tsuneki (1947) did not separate ignicollis Dahlbom, 1854 from chrysonota (Förster, 1853). The two were later recognized as valid species by Linsenmaier (1959), who provided both a key and characteristics to distinguish them from one another. The specific name Chrysis gloriosa Fabricius (=Holopyga gloriosa) was suppressed by ICZN (1998).

62. Holopyga generosa (Förster, 1853)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_generosus

Ellampus generosus Förster, 1853: 349. Syntypes ♂♂, Germany: Aachen (349 (descr.), depository: MNHU)*.

Holopyga ovata Dahlbom, 1854: 51. Syntypes, Italy, Austria, Prussia, Sweden (51 (descr.), depositories: MRSN, MNHU, LZM)*. Linsenmaier 1959: 29 (key), 31 (China, tax., descr.) (synonymised by Linsenmaier 1997a).

Holopyga fastuosa generosa: Linsenmaier 1997a: 250 (China, tax.); Linsenmaier 1997b: 32 (figs 10, b4, c5), 33 (key), 57 (China, tax., descr., distr.).

Holopyga generosa: Rosa 2006: 39 (ecol.), 41 (ecol.), 42 (ecol.), 52 (ecol.), 55 (distr.), 78 (cat.), 137 (key), 146 (tax., descr., distr.).

Distribution

China. Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Linsenmaier 1959).

Remarks

Kimsey and Bohart (1991) considered Holopyga generosa a junior synonym of Holopyga chrysonota, while fastuosa and ovata synonyms of amoenula.Linsenmaier (1997a) considered generosa (Förster) as a subspecies of Holopyga fastuosa (Lucas).

63. Holopyga ignicollis Dahlbom, 1854

http://species-id.net/wiki/Holopyga_ovata_ignicollis

Holopyga ovata var. ignicollis Dahlbom, 1854: 53 (given as var. h). Syntypes ♂♀, Greece, Rhodes, Austria (53 (descr.), depositories: NHMW, MNHU)*.

Holopyga gloriosa var. aureomaculata Abeille de Perrin, 1879: 32. Syntypes ♂♂, France: Marseille (32 (descr.), depository: MNHN)*.

Holopyga gloriosa var. aureomaculata: du Buysson 1900: 128 (China: Beijing, cat.).

Distribution

China (Beijing). Central and southern Europe, North Africa, Turkey (Linsenmaier 1959).

Remarks

Holopyga aureomaculata Abeille is recognized to be the male of H. ignicollis Dahlbom. This is a dubious identification, which can perhaps be referenced to H. chrysonota. In Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 230) H. ignicollis is synonym of H. chrysonota, but the two species are clearly distinct.

11. Genus Omalus Panzer, 1806

64. Omalus aeneus (Fabricius, 1787)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_aenea

Plates 17, 18

Chrysis aenea Fabricius, 1787: 284. Holotype ♀, Germany: Halle “Halae Saxonum” (284 (descr.), depository: ZMU)*.

Omalus aeneus var. pygialis du Buysson, 1887: 170. Syntypes ♂, ♀; China, Caucasus (170 (descr.), depository: MNHN).

Ellampus aeneus var. pygialis: Mocsáry 1889: 98 (China, descr.); Dalla Torre 1892: 8 (China, cat.); Bischoff 1913: 8 (China, cat.).

Ellampus sauteri Mocsáry, 1913b: 613. Holotype ♀, Taiwan, Taihorinsho (613 (descr.), 619 (Taiwan, cat.), depository: HNHM)*.

Ellampus sauteri: Uchida 1927: 150 (Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1933: 1 (Taiwan, cat.).

Philoctetes sauteri: Tsuneki 1946: 35 (Manchuria, Taiwan).

Omalus (Omalus) sauteri: Linsenmaier 1959: 15 (key), 19 (Taiwan, tax., descr., punctulatus group).

Omalus aeneus sauteri: Tsuneki 1970b: 1 (Taiwan: Nantou Prov.: Chienching Wushe (1800m), tax., descr.).

Omalus aeneus: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 245 (Taiwan, cat., fig. 76g); Wei et al. 2014b: 31 (key), 32 (China: Inner Mongolia, Helanshan: Gulaben, Dayanggou, Halawuchagou, Shuimogou, Qianggangling, Halawuchagou; Taiwan, descr., tax.), 33 (pl. 1), 34 (pl. 2A–2F), 35 (pl. 3), 36 (pl. 4A–4F).

Distribution

China (Inner Mongolia, Taiwan). In literature the records for mainland China are listed under the name pygialis du Buysson and the Taiwanese citations are listed under the name sauteri. It is widely distributed in the Palearctic from Europe to the Russian Far East and in the Nearctic, where it is very likely to have been introduced via commerce (Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

Remarks

Du Buysson described pygialis based on two syntypes collected in China and Caucasus: “Deux esemplaires ♂♀: Chine, Caucase” [not Chinese Caucasus as listed in Kimsey and Bohart, 1991]. Tsuneki (1946) considered Ellampus potanini as synonym of sauteri.

65. Omalus berezovskii (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_berezovskii

Plate 19

Ellampus (Dictenulus) berezovskii Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932: 12. Holotype ♀, China: Setshuan [= Sichuan]: Cho-dzi-gou, Lun-ngan-fu (12 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Omalus berezovskii: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 247 (China: Setshuan [= Sichuan], cat.); Wei et al. 2014b: 31 (key), 35 (China: Ningxia, Liupanshan Forest Park, tax.), 36 (pl. 4, descr.), 37 (pl. 5), 38 (pl. 6A–6F).

Distribution

China (Ningxia, Sichuan).

66. Omalus helanshanus Wei, Rosa, Liu & Xu, 2014

http://species-id.net/wiki/Omalus_helanshanus

Omalus helanshanus Wei, Rosa, Liu & Xu, 2014: 39. Holotype ♀, China: Inner Mongolia, Helanshan, Gulaben (32 (key), 39 (type series: Inner Mongolia, Helanshan, Gulaben, Dayanggou; Shuimogou; Habeigou, Huangliangzi; Halawuchagou; Halawubeigou; Halawu, descr.), 40 (pl. 7), 41 (pl. 8A–8F), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Inner Mongolia).

67. Omalus imbecillus (Mocsáry, 1889)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_imbecillus

Plate 20

Ellampus imbecillus Mocsáry, 1889: 98. Lectotype ♀ design. by French (in Bohart and French 1986: 341), Turkmenistan: Pendgikent (depository: HNHM)*.

Holophris imbecillus: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 225.

Omalus imbecillus: Rosa 2005: 12; Wei et al. 2014b: 31 (key), 41 (tax.), 42 (China: Yunnan, Kaiyuannan River; Gaoligonshan National Nature Reserve, descr., pl. 9), 43 (pl. 10A–10F).

Distribution

China (Yunnan). Laos, Russia, Turkey, Iran (Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Rosa et al. 2013).

68. Omalus potanini (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_potanini

Plate 21

Ellampus (Dictenulus) potanini Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932: 11. Lectotype ♂ design. by Kimsey (1986: 107), China: Sichuan: river Sjao-tzhin-cho (11 (type series: China: Sichuan: river Sjao-tzhin-cho; river Fu-bjan cho, Chun-shujgu, Li-fan, descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Philoctetes (Holophris) potanini: Tsuneki 1953a: 55 (West China: Setshuan and Manchuria, tax., distr.).

Ellampus potanini: Kimsey 1986: 107 (China: Setchuan [= Sichuan]: Sjao-tzhin-cho, lectotype design.).

Omalus potanini: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 249 (China: Setshuan [= Sichuan], cat.); Wei et al. 2014b: 32 (key), 44 (China: Liaoning, Sichuan, tax., descr.).

Distribution

China (Liaoning, Sichuan).

Remarks

Only two specimens erroneously labelled as paratypes and collected in the same place (Sichuan: river Sjao-tzhin-cho, leg. Potanin) are present in the Semenov collection. We don’t know whether the lectotype label or the lectotype is lost.

69. Omalus probiaccinctus Wei, Rosa, Liu & Xu, 2014

http://species-id.net/wiki/Omalus_probiaccinctus

Omalus probiaccinctus Wei, Rosa, Liu & Xu, 2014: 44. Holotype ♀, China: Guizhou, Suiyang, Kuankuoshui National Reserve (31 (key), 44 (tax.), 45 (descr., pl. 11), 46 (pl. 12A–12F), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Guizhou).

70. Omalus pseudoimbecillus Wei, Rosa, Liu & Xu, 2014

http://species-id.net/wiki/Omalus_pseudoimbecillus

Omalus pseudoimbecillus Wei, Rosa, Liu & Xu, 2014: 44. Holotype ♀, China: Yunnan, Yimen, Longquan Park (31 (key), 47 (type series: Yunnan, Yimen, Longquan Park; Yunlong, Tianchi National Nature Reserve; Jingdong, Jingping, tax., pl. 13), 48 (pl. 14A–14F), 49 (descr.), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Yunnan).

71. Omalus tibetanus Wei, Rosa, Liu & Xu, 2014

http://species-id.net/wiki/Omalus_tibetanus

Omalus tibetanus Wei, Rosa, Liu & Xu, 2014: 49. Holotype ♀, China: Tibet, Chayu, Cibagou (31 (key), 49 (tax.), 50 (descr., pl. 15), 51 (pl. 16A–16F), 49 (descr.), depository: SCAU)*.

Distribution

China (Tibet).

12. Genus Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1878

72. Philoctetes deauratus (Mocsáry, 1914), n. comb.

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_deauratus

Ellampus deauratus Mocsáry, 1914: 2. Holotype ♀, China: Tientsin [= Tianjin] (2 (descr.), depository: BMNH).

Ellampus deauratus: Tsuneki, 1947: 45 (North China: Tieng-tsing [= Tianjin], comp. notes); Tsuneki, 1948a: 119 (comp. notes).

Omalus (Omalus) deauratus: Linsenmaier 1959: 20 (China, tax., pusillus group).

Pseudomalus deauratus: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 267 (China: Tientsin, cat.).

Distribution

China (Tianjin) (Mocsáry 1914).

Remarks

After the examination of other specimens labeled as types of E. deauratus by Mocsáry in the HNHM, we have included this taxon in the genus Philoctetes Abeille, based on the characteristics given by Kimsey and Bohart (1991).

73. Philoctetes duplipunctatus (Tsuneki, 1948)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysellampus_duplipunctatus

Chrysellampus near harmandi: Tsuneki 1946: 33 (China: Shanxi, tax.).

Chrysellampus duplipunctatus Tsuneki, 1948a: 120. Holotype ♀, China: Shanxi, Wutai Shan (120 (descr.), 122 (Wutaishan, comp. notes), 128 (Shanxi, cat.), pl. 7 (figs A, B), pl. 8 (figs A–E), depository: KUM).

Chrysellampus duplipunctatus f. suzukii Tsuneki, 1948a: 122. Holotype ♀, China: Shanxi, Yangchêng (122 (descr.), 128 (cat.), depository: KUM).

Chrysellampus duplipunctatus f. variegatus Tsuneki, 1950: 63. Syntypes ♂♀, Korea, Manchuria: Kay-juan (63 (descr.), depository: NIAS).

Chrysellampus duplipunctatus: Tsuneki 1953a: 55 (Manchuria: Kaiyüan, tax.); Tsuneki 1953b: 23 (North China, Manchuria, tax.).

Chrysellampus duplipunctatus f. variegatus: Tsuneki 1953a: 55 (Manchuria: Kaiyüan, distr., cat.); Tsuneki 1953b: 23 (tax.).

Omalus (Chrysellampus) duplipunctatus: Linsenmaier 1959: 22 (China, tax., descr.).

Philoctetes duplipunctatus: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 255 (China, cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1004 (China, cat.).

Distribution

China (Liaoning, Jilin, Shanxi). Korea and Russian Far East (Tsuneki 1953b; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007; Lelej and Kurzenko 2012).

Remarks

Kimsey and Bohart (1991) considered the forms Philoctetes duplipunctatus f. suzukii and P. duplipunctatus f. variegatus invalid names. However, according to the ICZN, the two names are indeed valid.

74. Philoctetes heros (Semenow, 1892)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Elampus_heros

Plate 22

Elampus heros Semenow, 1892c: 71. Holotype ♀, China: Alaschan, (71 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Ellampus heros: Bischoff 1913: 8 (China, cat.).

Chrysellampus heros: Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1932: 5 (descr., typus gen.).

Omalus (Chrysellampus) heros: Linsenmaier 1959: 22 (typus subgen.).

Philoctetes heros: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 255 (China: Alaschan, cat.).

Distribution

China (Inner Mongolia).

75. Philoctetes horvathi (Mocsáry, 1889)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_horvati

Plate 23

Ellampus wesmaeli Mocsáry, 1882: 27. Lecctotype ♀ design. by Móczár (1964a: 434), Hungary (27 (descr.), 80 (cat.) depository: HNHM)*, nec Chevrier, 1862.

Ellampus horváthi (!) Mocsáry, 1889: 82. Replacement name for Ellampus wesmaeli Mocsáry, 1882.

Ellampus horvathii (!): Dalla Torre 1892: 13 (cat.).

Omalus (Omalus) horvathi: Linsenmaier 1959: 15 (key, horwathi (!)), 19 (China, tax., pusillus group); Linsenmaier 1997a: 249 (tax., pusillus group).

Omalus horváthi (!): Móczár 1964a: 434 (lectotype designation).

Philoctetes horvathi: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 256 (cat.); Rosa et al. 2013: 13 (China, cat., distr.).

Material examined

1 ex., Nan-Chan le Kan Tchegu à Lan Tcheou Dr. Vaillant 1909 / 2000 à 4000m Juillet 1908 (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Shanxi). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region from Europe and North Africa to Korea (Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Linsenmaier 1997a).

76. Philoctetes mongolicus (du Buysson, 1901), status revived

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_horvathi_mongolicus

Ellampus horvathi var. mongolicus du Buysson, 1901b: 98. Syntypes ♂♀, N Mongolia (98 (descr.), depository: NHMW)*.

Ellampus horwathi (!) var. mongolicus: du Buysson 1911: 219 (China: Nan Chan, Che Yeou Ho, tax.); Bischoff 1913: 8 (cat.).

Notozus mongolicus: Tsuneki 1948a: 116 (China: Shanxi: Wutaishan, tax., distr.), 128 (China: Shanxi, cat.).

Omalus (Notozus) mongolicus: Linsenmaier 1959: 16 (key), 23 (cat., ambiguus group).

Philoctetes horvathi: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 256 (cat.).

Distribution

China (Shanxi). Widely distributed from Mongolia to Central Asia and southern Russia to Volga (Trautmann 1927).

Remarks

P. mongolicus was often erroneously considered belonging to the genus Elampus (= Notozus) due to its elongated metanotal projection. However, the metanotal projection is also present in various Philoctetes species (e.g.: P. putoni (du Buysson)). Kimsey and Bohart (1991) placed P. mongolicus under P. horvathi, even if Tsuneki and Linsenmaier considered it as a valid species. Type examination has confirmed that P. mongolicus is indeed a valid species.

77. Philoctetes mordvilkoi (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932), n. comb.

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_mordvilkoi

Plate 24

Ellampus mordvilkoi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932: 36. Holotype ♀, China: Xinjiang: Chotan, Sajbag (36 (descr.), depository: ZIN) *.

Pseudomalus mordilkoi (!): Kimsey and Bohart, 1991: 268 (China: Singkiang [= Xinjiang]: Chotan Sajbag, cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

Remarks

E. mordvilkoi shows the main characteristics of the genus Philoctetes sensu Kimsey and Bohart (1991). The gena is not bisected by the genal carina, the punctuation on the mesosoma is more distributed along the notauli and the anal margin of the last metasomal tergite has a distinct brownish transparent rim with a wide median notch. Therefore, we have moved this taxon into the genus Philoctetes Abeille.

78. Philoctetes praeteritorum (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Parellampus_praeteritorum

Plate 25

Parellampus praeteritorum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932: 7. Holotype ♀, China: Sichuan, Tadzinlu (7 descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Philoctetes praeteritorum: Kimsey and Bohart, 1991: 257 (China: Setchuan [= Sichuan], cat.).

Distribution

China (Sichuan).

13. Genus Pseudomalus Ashmead, 1902

79. Pseudomalus auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Sphex_aurata

Sphex aurata Linnaeus, 1758: 572. Holotype ♀, Europe (572 (descr.), depository: LSL).

Ellampus auratus f. maculatus du Buysson, 1887: Tsuneki 1946: 33 (Manchuria, tax.), 38 (résumé).

Ellampus auratus var. cupratus Mocsáry, 1889: 92. Holotype ♂ [not ♀], Dalmatia (92 (descr.), depository: HNHM)*.

Ellampus auratus var. cupratus: du Buysson 1911: 219 (China: Nan Chan, Kan Tchéou, oasis Chan Kin Hia, Tien Chouei Tsing, Koua Tchéou Kéou tsé, tax.).

Ellampus auratus f. nigridorsus Tsuneki, 1950a: 63. Syntypes ♂♀, Japan, Korea, Manchuria (63 (descr.), depository: NIAS).

Ellampus auratus f. nigridorsus: Tsuneki, 1953a: 54 (Manchuria: Tâshonshan, cat., distr.).

Omalus (Omalus) auratus ssp. nigridorsus: Linsenmaier 1968: 9 (Manchuria, tax.).

Omalus (Omalus) auratus: Linsenmaier 1959: 14 (key), 17 (tax., descr., auratus group), 196 (figs 1–4).

Pseudomalus auratus: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 263 (fig. 84), 264 (cat., figs 85d, 85i); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1004 (China, cat.).

Material examined

Heilongjiang: 1 ex., Harbin, 18.VI.1944; 1 ex., 1.VIII.1945 Alin leg. (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Shanxi). Widely distributed in the Holarctic Region, beeing introduced into the Nearctic Region by commerce, very likely with multiple introductions (Krombein 1959; Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

Host

Pemphredon rugifer Dahlbom (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) (Tsuneki 1970a).

Biology

The larval habits were studied by Tsuneki (1952).

Remarks

Kimsey and Bohart (1991) considered Ellampus auratus f. nigridorsus Tsuneki as an invalid name. However, it is a valid name according to the ICZN.

80. Pseudomalus conradti (Bischoff, 1910)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_conradti

Ellampus conradti Bischoff, 1910: 437. Syntypes ♂♀, Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang]: Tochta Chon, Jarkand (437 (descr.), depository: MNHU)*.

Ellampus conradti: Bischoff 1913: 8 (Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang], cat.).

Pseudomalus conradti: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 267 (China, Singkiang [= Xinjiang], cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

81. Pseudomalus corensis (Uchida, 1927)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Philoctetes_corensis

Philoctetes punctatus var. corensis Uchida, 1927: 153. Holotype ♂, Korea: Seiryori (153 (descr.), depository: EIHU).

Philoctetes corensis: Uchida 1933: 1 (cat.).

Ellampus corensis: Tsuneki 1946: 33 (China: Shanxi, tax.); Tsuneki 1948a: 120 (type series: China: Shanxi: Takui, Nanpintsun, Henglingshan - Peihungkaokao, Wutaishan, tax., comp. notes, descr.), 128 (Shanxi, cat.); Tsuneki 1953a: 55 (North China, Manchuria [= Heilongjiang]: Harbin, Kaiyüan; Manchuria, tax., distr.); Tsuneki 1953b: 22 (North China, Manchuria, tax., aberr.).

Omalus (Omalus) corensis: Linsenmaier 1959: 17 (possible syn. of Omalus joannisi (du Buysson, 1908), auratus group).

Pseudomalus corensis: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 268 (synonym of Pseudomalus punctatus (Uchida, 1927)).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Shanxi). Korea (Uchida, 1927).

Remarks

Kimsey and Bohart (1991) placed Philoctetes punctatus var. corensis Uchida in the junior synonymic list of Pseudomalus punctatus (Uchida, 1927). However, Tsuneki examined the material collected by Uchida and considered P. corensis a valid species. We follow the latter interpretation.

82. Pseudomalus hypocritus (du Buysson, 1893), n. comb.

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_hypocrita

Ellampus hypocrita du Buysson, 1893: 246. Syntype ♀, Mongolia [= China]: Kansu-Yelisyn-Kuse (246 (descr.), depositories: ISEA-PAS, MNHN)*.

Ellampus hypocrita: du Buysson 1911: 218 (China: Nan Chan, Chan Kin Hia, Tien Chouei Tsing, Koua Tchéou Kéou tsé, tax.); Bischoff 1913: 8 (Mongolia [= China], cat.).

Omalus hypocritus: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 248 (cat.).

Distribution

China (Gansu, Shanxi).

Remarks

After the examination of the syntype specimen in the Radoszkowski collection in ISEA-PAS, we have confirmed that the species belongs to the genus Pseudomalus Ashmead sensuKimsey and Bohart (1991).

83. Pseudomalus joannisi (du Buysson, 1908)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_joannisi

Ellampus joannisi du Buysson, 1908: 207. Holotype ♀, China: Nanking [= Nanjing] (207 (descr.), depository: MNHN)*.

Ellampus joannisi: Bischoff 1913: 8 (Japan [= China], cat.); Tsuneki 1946: 32 (tax).

Omalus (Omalus) joannisi: Linsenmaier 1959: 17 (China, Manchuria [= Heilongjiang], tax., descr., comp. notes).

Pseudomalus joannisi: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 268 (China: Nanking, cat.).

Material examined

Heilongjiang: 2♀♀, Harbin, 15.VII.1943; 1♂, 1♀, id., 9.VII.1944; 1♀, id., 9.VII.1944; 1♀, id., 10.VII.1949; 3♂♂, 8♀♀, id., 25.VI.1950; 1♂, 1♀, id., 28.VII.1950; 2♂♂, id., 21.VIII.1950; 2 exx., id., 20.VII.1953 all the specimens were collected by Alin (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Jiangsu). Korea (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

84. Pseudomalus sinensis (Tsuneki, 1947)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_sinensis

Ellampus sinensis Tsuneki, 1947: 44. Holotype ♀; China: Beijing (44 (descr.), 45 (Beijing, comp. notes), depository: OMNH, not NIAS).

Ellampus sinensis f. viridiauratus Tsuneki, 1948a: 118. Syntypes ♂♀♀, China: Henglingshan-Peihungkaokao, Wutaishan, Yangchêng (118 (descr.), 119 (China: Shanxi: Yangchêng, Wutaishan, Henglingshan-Peihungkaokao, comp. notes), 128 (cat.), depository: KUM?).

Ellampus sinensis f. nigricans Tsuneki, 1948a: 119. Holotype ♂, China: Kiu-Taiyüan (119 (descr.), 128 (cat.), depository: KUM?).

Ellampus sinensis: Tsuneki 1948a: 128 (China: Beijing district, cat.).

Omalus (Omalus) sinensis: Linsenmaier 1959: 20 (China, tax., pusillus group).

Pseudomalus sinensis: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 269 (China, cat.).

Distribution

China (Beijing, Shanxi).

Remarks

Kimsey and Bohart (1991) considered Ellampus sinensis f. nigricans Tsuneki and E. sinensis f. viridiauratus Tsuneki as invalid names. However, the two names are valid according to the ICZN.

85. Pseudomalus triangulifer (Abeille, 1877)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Omalus_triangulifer

Plate 26

Omalus triangulifer Abeille, 1877: 65. Lectotype ♀ design. by Kimsey (1986: 106); France: St. Baume (depository: MNHN)*.

Omalus (Omalus) triangulifer: Linsenmaier 1959: 14 (key), 17 (tax., descr.), 196 (figs 5, 6); Linsenmaier 1997a: 248 (China: Gansu, cat.).

Ellampus auratus triangulifer (!): Kimsey 1986: 106 (lectotype design.).

Pseudomalus triangulifer: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 269 (cat.); Rosa 2006: 78 (cat.), 108 (key), 113 (China, tax., descr.).

Distribution

China (Gansu). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Linsenmaier 1959, 1968, 1987, 1997a).

86. Pseudomalus tshingiz (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Ellampus_tshingiz

Plate 27

Ellampus tshingiz Semenov-Tian-Shanskij (in Semenov-Tian-Shanskji and Nikol’skaja), 1954: 93. Holotype ♂, Sandzhu [Xinjiang], Gushan Gobi (depository: ZIN)*.

Pseudomalus tshingiz: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 264 (fig. 85a), 270 (cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

Remarks

The type (according to the original description and labels) is from the Oasis Sandzhu [Xinjiang], Gushan Gobi and not from [Kansu]: Sachow Gobi (as reported in Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

87. Pseudomalus violaceus (Scopoli, 1763)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Sphex_violacea

Sphex violacea Scopoli, 1763: 298. Holotype ♀, Italy: Trieste (298 (descr.), depository: lost).

Ellampus violaceus f. virens Mocsáry, 1889: Tsuneki 1953a: 54 (cit.).

Ellampus violaceus: Tsuneki 1953a: 54 (Manchuria [= Inner Mongolia]: Hairar, tax., distr.).

Omalus (Omalus) violaceus: Linsenmaier 1959: 14 (key), 17 (tax., descr., auratus group); Linsenmaier 1997b: 31 (key), 48 (Manchuria, tax., descr., fig. 16).

Omalus violaceus: Móczár 1967: 30 (Manchuria, key, tax., descr., distr.); Banaszak 1980: 9 (tax., biol., distr.).

Pseudomalus violaceus: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 264 (fig. 85g), 270 (cat.).

Distribution

China (Inner Mongolia). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Remarks

The identification by Tsuneki (1953a) should be double-checked. The specimen may be related to P. bergi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932.

Tribe Chrysidini

14. Genus Chrysidea Bischoff, 1913

88. Chrysidea pumila (Klug, 1845)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_pumila

Chrysis pumila Klug, 1845: tab. 45, fig. 13. Type, Sudan: Ambukohl (type lost).

Chrysidea pumila Bischoff 1913: 34 (cat., typ. gen.); Hammer 1936: 3 (China [Xinjiang]: Urumchi [= Ürümqi], cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 314 (cat.).

Material examined

2♀♀, Harare: Ketmen, Thian Chan Occid. Monts Sussamyr Ketmen Tjube M. Pic. 1914. The specimens were collected close to the Kyrgyzstan border (Sussamyr Mt.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

15. Genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761

89. Chrysis aegle Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_aegle

Plate 28

Chrysis (Gonodontochrysis) aegle Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 160. Holotype ♀, North China: Alashan, Maladzhin (depository: ZIN)*.

Chrysis aegle: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 379 (Mongolia [= Inner Mongolia]: Alashan, cat.).

Distribution

China (Inner Mongolia).

Remarks

C. aegle belongs to the bihamata group.

90. Chrysis alticata Bohart, 1991

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_alticata

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) alticola Mocsáry, 1914: 42. Holotype ♀, Tibet: Gyangtse, 13.000 ft. (depository: BMNH) necSemenov-Tian-Shanskij 1912.

Chrysis alticata Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart), 1991: 381. Replacement name for Chrysis alticola Mocsáry, 1914, necSemenov-Tian-Shanskij 1912 (ignita group).

Chrysis alticata: Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.).

Distribution

China (Tibet).

91. Chrysis angolensis Radoszkovsky, 1881

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_angolensis

Chrysis fuscipennis Brullé, 1846: 38. Holotype ♀, Philippine (depository: MNHN), nec Dahlbom, 1829.

Chrysis janthinus (!) Smith, 1874b: 459. Holotype ♀, China: Shanghai (459 (descr.), depository: BMNH) nec Förster, 1853.

Chrysis angolensis Radoszkovsky, 1881: 219. Holotype, Angola (219 (descr.), type lost ?).

Chrysis erratica du Buysson, 1887: 189. Syntypes ♂♀, China, Egypt (189 (descr.), depository: MNHN?) (synonymised by Mocsáry 1889: 370).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) janthina: Mocsáry 1889: 374 (China, descr.); Bischoff 1913: 54 (North China, cat.).

Chrysis janthina: Dalla Torre 1892: 66 (China, cat.).

Chrysis fuscipennis: du Buysson (in André) 1895: 443 (China, tax., descr., distr.); du Buysson 1898a: 529 (China: Kiang-si, North Beijing, cat., distr.); du Buysson 1899: 165 (China, cat., distr.); du Buysson 1900: 153 (China: Beijing, cat.); du Buysson 1901b: 101 (Central China, cat.); Bingham 1903: 386 (key), 467 (tax., descr.), 468 (China, distr.); Linsenmaier 1959: 149 (fuscipennis group).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) fuscipennis: Mocsáry 1913b: 614 (Taiwan); Uchida 1927: 151 (Taiwan, cat.); Tsuneki 1947: 55 (China: Beijing, Taiwan, cat., distr.); Tsuneki 1948a: 125 (Manchuria: Yangchêng, Taiwan, tax.), 128 (Beijing distr., Manchuria, Taiwan, cat.); Tsuneki 1953a: 59 (China: Beijing, Formosa, cat., distr.); Tsuneki 1953b: 26 (North China, tax., distr.). Tsuneki 1970b: 13 (Taiwan: Ilan Province: Tsukeng, Chuantou; Taipei Province: Ulai, Kueishanlu; Nantou Province: Puli; Chiai Province: Chuchi; Taitung Province: Chihpenchi; Pingtung Province: Ssuchungchi, Fanshanlu, Manchou, cat.).

Chrysis fuscipennis var. murasaki Uchida, 1927: 155. Syntypes ♂♂♀♀, Japan, Korea (155 (descr.), depository: EIHU).

Tetrachrysis fuscipennis: Hammer 1950: 2 (China: Kiangsu [= Jiangsu], cat.).

Chrysis fuscipennis var. takanoi Tsuneki, 1950: 78. Holotype ♀, Taiwan: Shinka (78 (descr.), depository: NIAS).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) fuscipennis murasaki: Tsuneki 1953a: 59 (Manchuria: Sungari, Kunchun, cat., distr.); Tsuneki 1953b: 26 (North China, Manchuria, tax., distr.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) fuscipennis murasaki: Linsenmaier 1959: 149 (North China, Manchuria, descr., distr.); Tsuneki 1961: 376 (Manchuria, cat.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) fuscipennis fuscipennis: Tsuneki 1970c: 48 (Taiwan, key, tax.).

Chrysis angolensis: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 319 (tax.), 336 (110), 337 (tax.), 357 (fig. 113c), 383 (cat., angolensis group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.); Terayama et al. 2010: 3 (China, cat.), 4 (figs.), 12 (tab., biol.).

Material examined

1♀, Museum Paris Checkiang Hangtchéou A. Pichon 1925; 1♀, China Ning Po V.36 Coll. Linsenmaier; 1♀, Museum Paris Kouy-Tchéou Cavalerie 1921; 1♀, Museum Paris Chine Nan-King J. de Joannis 1908; 1♀, N Formosa Chipon Aug. 1935 K. Iwata, all the specimens identified by Linsenmaier in 1959 as Chrysis fuscipennis Brullé. The following specimens were identified by Linsenmaier in 1974 and 1979 as Chrysis fuscipennis murasaki Uchida: 2 ♀♀, Mandschurei Maoerschan, 20.–30.VII.1939; 1♀, Mandschurei Maoerschan, 5.8.40; 1♂ and 10♀♀, Maoerschan, 5–10.VIII.1939 Mandschurei; 11♀♀, China: Manchuria. Maoershan 100 Km E. Harbin on Chinese Eastern Railway, 18.VIII.1941 V.N. Alin, Coll.; 2♂♂, Chusan China Juni 1948 Collect. Naef; 5♀♀, Mandschurei Charbin 9.VII.1944 W. Alin leg (all specimens in NMLS). 1♀, Sichuan, Tzitun, 16.IX.1893, leg. Potanin (ZIN); 1♀, Nin-sia-fu, Yellow river valley, 4.–16.VI.1908, leg. Kozlov (ZIN); 2♀♀, Lyu-li-he, 65 km SW Beijing, 14.–17.VIII.1913, leg. Vasiliev (ZIN); 1♀, Harbin, 19.VI.1911, leg. Emelyanov (ZIN); Imanpo (Manchuria), 20.VI.1911, leg. Emelyanov (ZIN); 1♀, env. Beijing, VII.1916 (ZIN).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Beijing, Shanxi, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Guizhou, Sichuan). World-wide except Europe (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Remarks

Hosts are Chalybion japonicum, Sceliphron mandraspatanum, and S. deforme (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) (Tereyama et al. 2010).

92. Chrysis angustula Schenck, 1856

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_angustula

Chrysis angustula Schenck, 1856: 30. Lectotype ♀ design. by Morgan (1984: 9), Germany: former Duchy of Nassau (depository: SMFD).

Chrysis (Chrysis) angustula: Linsenmaier 1959: 151 (key), 159 (tax., descr., ignita group), 217 (fig. 697).

Chrysis angustula: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 383 (cat., ignita group).

Chrysis angustula gracilis: Linsenmaier 1997b: 124 (China, Manchuria, tax., descr., ignita group).

Material examined

1♀, Sjaolin [= Henan: Shaolin], 25.VIII.1940; Heilongjiang: 1♀, Harbin, 9.VII.1944, leg. Alin; 1♀, Harbin, 25.VII.1950 leg. Alin; 2♀♀, Maoershan, 100 Km E Harbin on Chinese Eastern Railway, 18.VIII.1941 V.N. Alin, coll.; all the specimens identified by Linsenmaier and Niehuis in 1998 as Chrysis angustula Schenck.

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Henan). Europe and Siberia (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

93. Chrysis asahinai Tsuneki, 1950

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_asahinai

Chrysis asahinai Tsuneki, 1950a: 80. Holotype ♀, Manchuria (80 (descr.), depository: OMNH).

Chrysis asahinai: Tsuneki 1953a: 59 (Manchuria: Ouri near Liaoyüanchow, cat.), 60 (figs 2A, 2B); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 385 (cat., pulchella group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (Northeast China, cat.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) asahinai: Linsenmaier 1959: 103 (Manchuria, key, tax., pulchella group).

Distribution

China (Liaoning).

94. Chrysis buda Bohart, 1991

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_buda

Plate 29

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) buddhae Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 179. Holotype ♀, North China: Inner Mongolia (179 (descr.), depository: ZIN)* nec Mocsáry, 1913a.

Chrysis buda Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart), 1991: 392. Replacement name for Chrysis buddhae Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967 nec Mocsáry, 1913a (cat., ignita group).

Chrysis buda: Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China: Hubei, cat.).

Distribution

China (Inner Mongolia, Hubei).

Remarks

The specimen labeled as type was collected on the 20.V.1908 by Kozlov (and not 20.VI.1908 as written in the original description) in Alashan, Tzosto Canyon and not Gansu.

95. Chrysis buddhae Mocsáry, 1913

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_buddhae

Plate 30

Chrysis (Hexachrysis) buddhae Mocsáry, 1913a: 25. Lectotype ♂, design. by Bohart (in Bohart and French 1986: 341), Taiwan: Takao [= Kaohsiung] (depository: HNHM)*.

Chrysis (Hexachrysis) buddhae: Mocsáry 1913b: 619 (China, Taiwan: Takao, cat.); Bischoff 1913: 64 (China, Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1927: 152 (China, Taiwan, cat.); Tsuneki 1963a: 1 (China, Taiwan, key), 5 (tax., comp. notes), 6 (China, Taiwan, comp. notes).

Chrysis buddhae: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 392 (Taiwan, cat., smaragdula group).

Material examined

1♀, Taiwan, Taihanroku, 8–18.IV.1908, leg. H. Sauter, Chrysis buddhae Semenov det. Linsenmaier 1973 (NMLS) [Linsenmaier confused the name of the authors].

Distribution

China (Taiwan). Borneo, India (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Remarks

The specimen listed as Chrysis (Hexachrysis) buddhae by Uchida (1927) was considered as C. takasago Tsuneki, 1963 (Tsuneki 1963a).

96. Chrysis carnifex Mocsáry, 1889

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_carnifex

Plate 31

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) carnifex Mocsáry, 1889: 517. Holotype ♂, China: Ta-tschiansy (517 (descr.), depository: HNHM)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) carnifex: Mocsáry 1890a: 63 (China borealis, cat.); Bischoff 1913: 49 (North China, cat.); Uchida 1927: 151 (North China, cat.); Tsuneki 1948a: 125 (China, cat., synonym of Chrysis chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889); Tsuneki 1948b: 48 (North China: Shanxi, tax.).

Chrysis carnifex: Dalla Torre 1892: 49 (China, cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 394 (China, cat., ignita group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.).

Distribution

China (Shanxi).

Remarks

The type of Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) carnifex shares most of the characteristics with the type of Chrysis keriensis Mocsáry, which is the male of Chrysis chrysochlora Mocsáry. The main difference is found in the punctuation on the mesosoma and on the first two metasomal tergites. Tsuneki (1948a, 1948b) considered Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) carnifex Mocsáry as a junior synonym of Chrysis chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889.

97. Chrysis cavaleriei (du Buysson, 1908)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Tetrachrysis_cavalerieri

Plate 32

Tetrachrysiscavaleriei du Buysson, 1908: 211. Holotype ♀, China: Kouy-Tchéou [= Guizhou]: Kouy-Yang (211 (descr.), depository: MNHN)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) cavaleriei: Bischoff 1913: 49 (China, cat.); Tsuneki 1953b: 27 (Middle China [= Guizhou]: Kouy-Yang, tax., descr.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) cavaleriei: Linsenmaier 1959: 112 (China, descr., distr., succincta group), 205 (fig. 422); Linsenmaier 1968: 69 (China, cat.).

Chrysis cavaleriei: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 394 (China, cat., succincta group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.); Terayama et al. 2010: 8 (China, cat.).

Distribution

China (Guizhou). Korea (Tsuneki 1953b).

98. Chrysis ceciliae du Buysson, 1904

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_ceciliae

Plate 33

Chrysis ceciliae du Buysson, 1904: 259. Holotype ♀, Java: Malang (259 (descr.), depository: MNHN)*.

Chrysidea (Chrysogona) insulicola Mocsáry, 1913b: 614. Holotype ♀, Taiwan: Takao (614 (descr.), 619 (Taiwan, cat.), depository: HNHM)* (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 395).

Chrysis (Chrysogona) insulicola: Uchida 1927: 151 (Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1933: 2 (Taiwan, cat.).

Chrysis (Chrysura) insulicola: Tsuneki 1970b: 6 (Taiwan: Ssuchungchi, Taoyeh, tax., descr., figs 5–8).

Chrysis ceciliae: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 321 (fig. 104b), 329 (fig. 107f), 336 (fig. 110f), 339 (tax., ceciliae group), 395 (Taiwan, cat., ceciliae group).

Distribution

China (Taiwan). Java, Philippines, Malaysia, Laos (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Remarks

Tsuneki (1970b) redescribed Chrysidea (Chrysogona) insulicola Mocsáry.

99. Chrysis chinensis Mocsáry, 1912

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_chinensis

Plate 34

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) ignita var. chinensis Mocsáry, 1912b: 589. Holotype ♀, China: Shanghai (589 (descr.), depository: HNHM)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) ignita var. chinensis Bischoff, 1913: 53 (China, cat.); Trautmann 1927: 147 (China: Shanghai, cat.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) chinensis: Linsenmaier 1959: 158 (China, Manchuria, tax., descr., distr., ignita group), 205 (fig. 393); Linsenmaier 1997b: 39 (key), 113 (China, Manchuria, cat., descr., distr., ignita group, fig. 96).

Chrysis chinensis: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 396 (China: Shanghai, cat., ignita group); Tarbinsky 2000: 195 (key), 202 (China, cat., distr.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.).

Material examined

Heilongjiang: 1♀, Harbin, 25.VI.1950 leg. Alin; 2♂♂, Harbin, 20.VII.1953, leg. Alin; 1♀, Harbin, 24.VI.1953 leg. Alin. All the specimens identified by Linsenmaier in 1959 (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Helongjiang, Shanghai).

100. Chrysis chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_chrysochlora

Plate 35

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889: 589. Lectotype ♀ design. by Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 396), Uzbekistan: Tashkent (depository: HNHM)*.

Chrysis viridans Radoszkowski, 1891: 192. Holotype ♀, Turkmenistan, Ashkabad (192 (descr.), depository: ISEA-PAS).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) chrysochlora: Bischoff 1910: 483 (Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang]: Chotan-Kiljang, cat.); Tsuneki 1948a: 125 (China: Shanxi: Hengshuichen-Henglingkuan, cat.), 126 (tax., comp. notes, distr.), 128 (cat.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) chrysochlora: Linsenmaier 1959: 152 (key), 161 (China, tax., descr., distr., ignita group).

Chrysis chrysochlora: Kimsey and Bohart, 1991: 396 (cat.); Tarbinsky 2000: 193 (key), 197 (China, cat., distr.); Rosa et al. 2013: 17 (China, cat., distr.).

Material examined

7♂♂ and 10♀♀ collected at: Alashan, Din-yuan-in, 3.–5.V.1908, 14.–28.V.1908, 31.V.1908, 3.VI.1908 and 23.–26.IV.1909, leg. Kozlov (ZIN); 1♀, Huan-He Valley, 6.–20.X.1908, leg. Kozlov (ZIN); 1♀, Gansu, Pin-fan, 21.–23.VIII.1908, leg. Kozlov; 1♀, env. Sinin, 1.IX.1908, leg. Kozlov (ZIN). All the specimen identified as Chrysis viridans.

Distribution

China (Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Shanxi). Turkmenistan (Radoszkowski, 1891), Iran, Lebanon, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Linsenmaier 1959, 1968), Uzbekistan (Tarbinsky 2000).

101. Chrysis comta Förster, 1853

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_comta

Chrysis comta Förster, 1853: 314. Holotype ♂, Turkey (314 (descr.), depository: lost).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) ignita f. comta: Tsuneki 1948a: 126 (cat.), 127 (China: Shanxi: Luan-hsien, Nanpintsun, distr.), 128 (Shanxi, cat.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) comta: Linsenmaier 1959: 151 (key), 152 (key), 158 (Manchuria, tax., descr., distr., ignita group), 208 (fig. 500).

Chrysis comta: Móczár 1967: 111 (key, tax., descr.), 112 (Manchuria, distr. ); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 399 (cat., ignita group).

Material examined

Heilongjiang: 2♂♂, Harbin, 31.V.1943 leg. Alin; 1♂, Harbin, 20.VII.1953.

Distribution

China (Helongjiang, Shanxi). Europe, southern Russia (Linsenmaier, 1959).

102. Chrysis consobrina Mocsáry, 1889, status revived

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_consobrina

Plate 36

Chrysis consobrina Mocsáry, 1889: 458. Lectotype ♀ design. by Bohart (in Bohart and French 1986: 341), Transcaspia (depository: HNHM)*.

Chrysis scutellaris ssp. consobrina: Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and Nikol’skaja 1954: 127 (China: Xinjiang, tax., descr.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) soror ssp. consobrina: Linsenmaier 1959: 125 (tax., descr., distr., scutellaris group).

Chrysis soror: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 464 (cat., scutellaris group).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

Remarks

C. consobrina was considered a subspecies of C. scutellaris Fabricius by Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and Nikolskaja (1954), and later, a subspeceis of C. soror Dahlbom (Linsenmaier 1959), the eastern greenish form of C. scutellaris. For this reason Kimsey and Bohart (1991) placed it in synonym of C. soror. However the type examination of C. consobrina confirms that it is a valid species because it shares only a similar colour with C. scutellaris and C. soror.

103. Chrysis dentipes Radoszkowski, 1877

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_dentipes

Chrysis dentipes Radoszkowski, 1877: 15. Lectotype ♀ design. by Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 403, Uzbekistan: Sarafschan (depository: MMU)*.

Chrysis eversmanni Mocsáry, 1912a: 407. Holotype ♂, Turkestan (407 (descr.), depository: HNHM) (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 403).

Chrysis (Cornuchrysis) eversmanni: Linsenmaier 1968: 115 (China, tax., taczanovskii group).

Chrysis dentipes: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 403 (cat., taczanovskii group).

Material examined

1♂, 2♀♀: Harare Ketmen, Tjube, Thian Chan Occid. Monts Sussamyr leg. Pic 1914, Chrysis eversmanni Mocs. det. Linsenmaier 1973 (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang). Iran, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (du Buysson 1900; Mocsáry, 1912a; Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954; Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Tarbinsky 2002a).

104. Chrysis duplopilosa Linsenmaier, 1968

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_duplopilosa

Chrysis (Chrysis) duplopilosa Linsenmaier, 1968: 101. Holotype ♀, Tibet: Gyangtse (101 (descr.), ignita group, depository: BMNH).

Chrysis duplopilosa: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 406 (Tibet: Gyangtse, cat., ignita group).

Distribution

China (Tibet).

105. Chrysis durga Bingham, 1903

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_durga

Plate 37

Chrysis durga Bingham, 1903: 487. Lectotype ♀ design. by Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 406), Burma: Mandalay (depository: BMNH)*.

Chrysis durga: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 406 (China, lectotype design., cat., smaragdula group).

Distribution

China. Burma, Laos, Malaysia (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

106. Chrysis extersa du Buysson, 1898

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_extersa

Chrysis extersa du Buysson, 1898b: 137. Holotype ♀ China: Nyan-kin [= Nanjing] (137 (descr.), depository: MNHN).

Chrysis extersa: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 410 (China: Nyan-kin [= Nanjing], cat., ignita group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.).

Distribution

China (Jiangsu).

107. Chrysis fasciata daphne Smith, 1874

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_daphne

Chrysis daphne Smith, 1874a: 399. Holotype ♀ Japan: Hiogo (399 (descr.), depository: BMNH).

Chrysis (Hexachrysis) zetterstedti Dahlbom, 1845: Tsuneki 1947: 57 (China: Beijing, cat., distr.) [misid.].

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) daphne: Tsuneki 1948b: 48 (tax.).

Chrysis (Hexachrysis) fasciata zetterstedti: Tsuneki 1953a: 60 (Manchuria: Tashonshan [= Guansu, Daxiangshan], tax., distr.) [misid.]; Tsuneki 1953b: 28 (North China, tax., distr.) [misid.].

Chrysis (Chrysis) fasciata var. daphne: Linsenmaier 1959: 163 (China (?), tax., descr., fasciata group).

Chrysis (Hexachrysis) fasciata daphne: Tsuneki 1963a: 1 (Manchuria, North China, key), 8 (Manchuria, North China, Beijing, tax., descr.), 9 (comp. notes, figs 16–23).

Chrysis (Pyria) fasciata daphne: Tsuneki 1970c; 49 (North China, key, tax.).

Chrysis fasciata: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 410 (smaragdula group, cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (Northeast China, cat.); Terayama et al. 2010: 4 (figs.), 8 (China, cat.), 12 (tab., biol.), 13 (fig. 2), 14 (fig. 7).

Material examined

Heilongjiang: 1♀, Harbin, 1.VIII.1943 leg. Alin, Chrysis fasciata zetterstedti Dhlb. det. Linsenmaier 1974 (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Gansu, Beijing). Japan (Smith 1874a; Linsenmaier 1959).

Remarks

At present, Chrysis fasciata var. zetterstedti Dahlbom, 1845 is known for certain only in Scandinavian countries and the Baltic countries. The Chinese and Japanese specimens should be considered as Chrysis fasciata ssp. daphne. Unpublished molecular data confirms that zetterstedti and daphnis belong to separate clades of the typical Chrysis fasciata fasciata (Paukkunen et al. 2014).

108. Chrysis foochowia Linsenmaier, 1968

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_foochowia

Chrysis (Chrysis) foochowia Linsenmaier, 1968: 102. Holotype ♀, China: Foochow [Fujian] (102 (descr., ignita group), depository: BMNH).

Chrysis foochowia: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 411 (China, cat., ignita group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (Southeast China, cat.).

Material examined

Fujian: 1♀, China Foochow C.R. Kellogg / Type ♀ Chrysis L. foochowia Lins. det. Linsenmaier 1966.

Distribution

China (Fujian).

109. Chrysis fossulata Smith, 1874

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_fossulata

Chrysis fossulatus (!) Smith, 1874b: 459. Holotype ♀, China: Shanghai (459 (descr.), depository: BMNH).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) fossulata: Mocsáry 1889: 375 (China septentrionalis, tax., descr.); Bischoff 1913: 51 (North China, cat.).

Chrysis fossulata: Dalla Torre 1892: 62 (China borealis, cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 412 (China, cat., intricans group).

Distribution

China (Shanghai). Neotropical species distributed from Brazil to Venezuela (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Remarks

According to Kimsey and Bohart (1991), Chrysis fossulata was introduced to China, South Africa and Australia via commerce.

110. Chrysis fouqueti du Buysson, 1908

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_fouqueti

Chrysis fouqueti du Buysson, 1908: 210. Holotype ♀, Viet Nam: “Tonkin” (210 (descr.descr.), depository: MNHN)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) faceta Mocsáry, 1912b: 561. Holotype ♂, Taiwan: Takao [= Kaohsiung], (561 (descr.), depository: HNHM) nec Aaron, 1885.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) faceta: Mocsáry 1913b: 615 (Taiwan: Takao [= Kaohsiung], Taihorin, Taihorinsho, cat.), 619 (Taiwan, cat.); Bischoff 1913: 51 (Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1927: 151 (Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1933: 5 (Taiwan: Tainan, Shinka, cat.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) facetana Linsenmaier, 1968: 101. Replacement name for Chrysis faceta Mocsáry, 1912.

Chrysis (Chrysis) faceta: Tsuneki 1970b: 13 (Taiwan: Tsukeng, Chuantou, Fangliao, Fangshnlu, Paoli, tax., descr.), 14 (figs 35–37).

Chrysis fouqueti: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 412 (Taiwan, cat., ignita group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (Taiwan, cat.).

Material examined

1♀, China Tinghai [= Qinghai], Chusom Coll. Linsenmaier / ♀ Chrysis L. fouqueti Buyss. det. Linsenmaier 1973.

Distribution

China (Qinghai, Shandong, Taiwan). Mongolia, Viet Nam (du Buysson 1908; Mocsáry, 1912).

Remarks

Linsenmaier (1959, 1968) considered C. csikiana as a subspecies of C. fouqueti from the Chinese mainland and C. facetana to be a subspecies from Taiwan.

111. Chrysis fulgida Linnaeus, 1761

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_fulgida

Chrysis fulgida Linnaeus, 1761: 415. Lectotype ♀ design. by Morgan (1984: 9), Sweden: Uppsala (depository: LSL).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) fulgida: Trautmann 1927: 175 (E China, tax., descr.); Tsuneki 1950: 79 (comp. notes).

Chrysis (Chrysis) fulgida: Linsenmaier 1997b: 37 (key), 121 (colour table), 122 (Manchuria, tax., descr., ignita group, fig. 104).

Chrysis fulgida: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 412 (cat).

Material examined

Heilongjiang: 1♀, Harbin, 9.VII.1944 leg. Alin, identified by Linsenmaier in 1973 as fulgida ssp. aequicolor (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang). Widely distributed from Europe to Asia (Dalla Torre 1892; Tsuneki 1953b; Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

112. Chrysis galloisi (du Buysson, 1908)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Tetrachrysis_galloisi

Tetrachrysis galloisi du Buysson, 1908: 210. Lectotype ♂ design. by Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 413), Japan (depository: MNHN)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) galloisi: Tsuneki 1948b: 52 (tax.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) galloisi: Linsenmaier 1959: 150 (key), 161 (tax., descr., ignita group).

Chrysis galloisi: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 413 (lectotype design., cat., ignita group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.); Terayama et al. 2010: 4 (figs.), 8 (China, cat.), 12 (tab., biol.).

Distribution

China. Southeastern Russia and Russian Far East, Japan (Tsuneki 1950; Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

113. Chrysis gracilenta Mocsáry, 1889

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_gracilenta

Plate 38

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) gracilenta Mocsáry, 1889: 375. Holotype ♀, China: Hong Kong (375 (descr.), depository: NHMW)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) gracilenta: Bingham 1903: 437 (key), 464 (China, tax., descr.); Bischoff 1913: 52 (China, cat.).

Chrysis gracilenta: Dalla Torre 1892: 64 (China, cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 415 (Hong Kong, cat. ignita group).

Distribution

China (Hong Kong). Burma, India (Bingham 1903, Bischoff 1913).

114. Chrysis graelsii Guérin-Méneville, 1842

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_graelsii

Chrysis graelsii Guérin-Méneville, 1842: 148. Holotype ♀, Spain: Barcelona (148 (descr.), depository: MSNG)*.

Chrysis sybarita f. pekinensis Tsuneki, 1947: 57. Syntypes, China: Beijing (56 (tax., distr.), 57 (descr.), depository: NMLS)*.

Chrysis sybarita Förster, 1853: 309. Holotype ♂, Hungary ((309 (descr.), Type lost ?).

Chrysis (Chrysis) sybarita: Linsenmaier 1959: 135 (sybarita group).

Chrysis graelsii: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 341 (fig. 111d), 347 (tax.), 415 (cat., graelsii group).

Material examined

2♂♂, Peking N. China 20.V.38 K. Tsuneki / Types are much larger <handwritten by Tsuneki> / Paratype Chrysis sybarita var. pekinensis K. Tsuneki (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Beijing). Europe, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Siberia, Turkey (Linsenmaier 1959, 1968, 1997a; Semenov-Tian-Shanskij 1967; Tarbinsky 2002c).

Remarks

Chrysis sybarita var. pekinensis Tsuneki is not mentioned in Kimsey and Bohart (1991).

115. Chrysis grumorum Semenow, 1892

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_grumorum

Plate 39

Chrysis grumorum Semenow, 1892: 92. Holotype ♂ (not ♀), Tibet: Amdo (92 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) grumorum: Bischoff 1913: 52 (Amdo, cat.).

Chrysis grumorum: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 416 (Tibet: Amdo, cat., ignita group).

Distribution

China (Tibet).

116. Chrysis hoozana Mocsáry, 1913

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_hoozana

Plate 40

Chrysis hoozana Mocsáry, 1913b: 615. Holotype ♀ (not ♂), Taiwan: Hoozan [= Fengshan] (615 (descr.), 619 (Taiwan, cat.). depository: HNHM)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) hoozana: Uchida 1927: 151 (Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1933: 5 (Taiwan, cat.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) hoozana: Tsuneki 1970b: 15 (Taiwan, tax., descr.).

Chrysis hoozana: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 418 (Taiwan: Hoozan [= Fengshan], cat., ignita group).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

117. Chrysis hyacinthus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_hyacinthus

Plate 41

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) hyacinthus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 168. Holotype ♀, China [Xinjiang]: Gashun, Bugas near Hami [Kumul] (168 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Chrysis hyacinthus: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 419 (North China, cat., splendidula-senegalensis group); Tarbinsky 2002c: 36 (sub hiacithus (!) key), 37 (China, cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

118. Chrysis ignifascia Mocsáry, 1893

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_ignifascia

Chrysis (Holochrysis) birmanica Mocsáry, 1893: 214. Holotype ♂, Burma (214 (descr.), depository: MSNG)*.

Chrysis (Holochrysis) ignifascia Mocsáry, 1893: 215. Holotype ♀, Burma (215 (descr.), depository: MSNG)*.

Chrysis birmanica: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 420 (synonym of ignifascia); Rosa 2009: 221 (tax., type, cat.).

Chrysis ignifascia: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 420 (China, cat., capitalis group).

Chrysis (Holochrysis) ignifascia: Rosa 2009: 233 (tax., type, cat.).

Material examined

1♀, Taiwan, Koshun, Apr. 1937, coll. K. Iwata (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Taiwan). Burma (Mocsáry, 1893).

119. Chrysis ignita (Linnaeus, 1758)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Sphex_ignita

Sphex ignita Linnaeus, 1758: 571. Lectotype ♀ design. by Richards (1935: 159), Europe (depository: LSL).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) ignita: Mocsáry 1889: 487 (tax.), 488 (China boreali, tax., descr.); Uchida 1927: 151 (North China, cat.); Tsuneki 1947: 55 (China: Beijing, cat.); Tsuneki 1948a: 126 (China: Hengshuichen-Henglingkuan, Henglingshan-Peihungkaokao, cat.), 128 (Beijing distr., Manchuria, Shanxi, cat.); Tsuneki 1953a: 58 (Manchuria: Wenchüansze; Heilongjiang: Harbin, tax.).

Chrysis ignita: Dalla Torre 1892: 69 (China boreali, cat.); du Buysson 1898a: 535 (“Montagnes au nord de Pèking”, cat.); du Buysson 1899: 167 (China, cat.); du Buysson 1900: 148 (China: Beijing, cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 317 (fig. 103), 336 (fig. 110a), 348 (tax., ignita group), 420 (cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.).

Chrysis ignita var.: Hammer 1936: 3 (China: Inner Mongolia: Hurtjertu Gol, cat.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) ignita: Linsenmaier 1959: 151 (key), 152 (key), 155 (tax., ignita group), 205 (fig. 388), 217 (fig. 696).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Trautmann 1927; Linsenmaier 1959; Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Remarks

Some identification may be related to other species belonging to the ignita group. The species is traditionally subdivided in two forms, C. ignita A and B after Linsenmaier (1959), now recognized as two different species: C. terminata Dahlbom and C. ignita (Linnaeus).

120. Chrysis illecebrosa Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_illecebrosa

Plate 42

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) illecebrosa Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 166. Holotype ♂, North China [= Xinjiang]: Bugas near Hami [Kumul] (166 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Chrysis illecebrosa: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 421 (North China, cat., comparata group).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

121. Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom, 1845

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_inaequalis

Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom, 1845: 8. Holotype ♀, Turkey: Bosfor (8 (descr.), type lost).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) inaequalis: Tsuneki 1947: 56 (China: Beijing, cat.); Tsuneki 1948a: 126 (China: Shanxi: Kiutauyüan, Hengshuichen, Hengshuichen-Henglingkuan, cat.), 128 (Beijing distr., Shanxi, cat.); Tsuneki 1953a: 59 (Manchuria: Kaiyüan, Lushan, cat., distr.).

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) inaequalis: Linsenmaier 1959: 165 (North China, Manchuria, tax., descr., inaequalis group), 205 (fig. 405), 213 (fig. 610); Linsenmaier 1997b: 38 (key), 126 (China, Manchuria, tax., descr., inaequalis group, fig. 110).

Chrysis inaequalis: Banaszak 1980: 28 (China, Manchuria, tax.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 329 (fig. 107q), 331 (108b), 335 (fig. 109k), 336 (fig 110g), 351 (tax.), 422 (cat.).

Material examined

♀, Beijing, Russian mission, 5.IX.1906, leg. Y. Vasiliev (ZIN); ♀, Alashan, Din-yuan-in, 5.–6.VI.1908, leg. Kozlov (ZIN).

Distribution

China (Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Shanxi). Widely distributed in central and southern Europe, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey (Linsenmaier 1959; Kimsey and Bohart 1991), Iran (Rosa et al. 2013), Kazakhstan, Tadjikistan, Transcaucasia, Uzbekistan (Tarbinsky 2002b), Siberia (Dalla Torre 1892), Russian Far East (Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

122. Chrysis ionophris Mocsáry, 1893

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_ionophris

Plate 43

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) ionophris Mocsáry, 1893: 226. Holotype ♀, Burma (226 (descr.), depository: MSNG)*.

Chrysis ionophris: du Buysson 1899: 165 (China, cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 425 (Hong Kong, Taiwan, tax., splendidula-senegalensis group); Rosa 2009: 239 (tax., type, cat.).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) schenklingi Mocsáry, 1913b: 618. Lectotype ♀, design. by Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 425), Taiwan, depository: HNHM)* (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 425).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) schenklingi: Uchida 1927: 151 (Taiwan, cat.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) schenklingi: Tsuneki 1961: 375 (Taiwan, tax., descr., figs 22–24); Tsuneki 1970b: 14 (Taiwan: Manchou, Ssuchungchi, Hengchun, tax., descr.), 15 (figs 38–39).

Distribution

China (Taiwan, Hong Kong). Burma, Laos, Sumatra, Thailand (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Remarks

Tsuneki (1970b) added some morphological characteristics under the name C. schenklingi.

123. Chrysis jelisyni Radoszkowski, 1891

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_jelisyni

Chrysis jelisyni Radoszkowski, 1891: 186. Holotype ♀, Mongolia [= China]: Kansu [= Gansu], Jelissyn-Kuce (186 (descr.), depository: ISEA-PAS)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) jelisyni: Bischoff 1913: 54 (Mongolia [= China], cat.).

Chrysis jelisyni: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 426 (Mongolia [= China]: Kansu, cat., comparata-scutellaris group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.).

Distribution

China (Gansu).

124. Chrysis kashgarica Mocsáry, 1912

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_kashgarica

Chrysis kashgarica Mocsáry, 1912b: 550. Holotype ♂, China [Xinjiang]: Kashgar (550 (descr.), depository: HNHM)*.

Chrysis kashgarica: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 427 (China: Sinkiang [= Xinjiang], cat., ignita group); Tarbinsky 2000: 194 (key), 198 (China, cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

125. Chrysis keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_keriensis

Chrysis keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887: 47. Holotype ♀, China [Xinjiang]: Keria-Daria (47 (descr.), depository: ISEA-PAS)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) keriensis: Mocsáry 1889: 516 (Mongolia [= China], tax., descr.); Bischoff 1913: 54 (Mongolia [= China], cat.).

Chrysis keriensis: Dalla Torre 1892: 73 (Mongolia [= China], cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 427 (Mongolia [= China], cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China: Xinjiang, cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

126. Chrysis kokuevi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_kukuevi

Plate 44

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) kokuevi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 178. Holotype ♂, China: Alashan: Dyn-yuan-in oasis (178 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Chrysis kokuevi: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 428 (N China: Dyn-yuan-in oasis, cat.).

Distribution

China (Inner Mongolia).

Remarks

It belongs to the succincta group. The metasoma of the holotype was glued on a card beneth the specimen.

127. Chrysis kozlovi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_kozlovi

Plate 45

Chrysis (Gonodontochrysis) kozlovi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 160. Holotype ♂, North China: Alashan, Tzosto Canyon (160 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Chrysis kozlovi: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 429 (Mongolia [= Inner Mongolia], Tzosto Canyon, cat., rufitarsis group).

Distribution

China (Inner Mongolia).

128. Chrysis kukunorensis Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_kukunorensis

Plate 46

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) kukunorensis Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 178. Holotype ♀, China [Qinghai]: SE lake Kukunor [= Qinghai lake] (178 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Chrysis kukunorensis: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 429 (North China: SE Lake Kukunor, cat.).

Material examined

1♀, China: Gansu Xiahe (Labhran) 3000–3500 m, 13–23.7.91, leg. P. Salk, Linsenmaier det. 1995 (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Qinghai, Gansu).

Remarks

It belongs to the ignita group.

129. Chrysis lama Mocsáry, 1914

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_lama

Plate 47

Chrysis lama Mocsáry, 1914: 45. Lectotype ♂ design. by Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 431), Tibet: Gyantse (depository: BMNH)*.

Chrysis lama: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 431 (Tibet: Gyantse, lectotype design., cat., ignita group).

Distribution

China (Tibet).

130. Chrysis lincea Fabricius, 1775

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_lincea

Chrysis lincea Fabricius, 1775: 367. Holotype, Sierra Leone (367 (descr.), depository: Drury coll.).

Chrysis lyncea (!): du Buysson 1898b: 560 (China, cat.).

Chrysis (Pyria) lyncea (!): Linsenmaier 1959: 178 (lyncea group).

Chrysis lincea: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 326 (fig. 106u), 331 (figs 108o, 108p), 352 (cat.), 357 (fig. 113f), 433 (lincea group, cat.).

Distribution

China. Widely distributed in Asia, Australia and the Afrotropical Region (Linsenmaier 1959; Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Madl and Rosa 2012).

131. Chrysis longiss ima du Buysson, 1898

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_longissima

Chrysis longissima du Buysson, 1898b: 529. Lectotype ♀ design. by Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 433), China: Kiang-si [= Jiangxi] (depository: MNHN).

Chrysis longissima: du Buysson 1899: 165 (China, cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 433 (China: Kiang-si [= Jiangxi], cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) longissima: Bischoff 1913: 55 (China: Kiang-si [= Jiangxi], cat.).

Distribution

China (Jiangxi).

132. Chrysis longula aeneopaca Linsenmaier, 1959

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_longula_aeneopaca

Chrysis (Chrysis) longula ssp. aeneopaca Linsenmaier, 1959: 160. Holotype ♀, Transcaspia (160 (type series: China, Fennoscandia, Japan, Siberia, Transcaspia, descr.), ignita group, depository: NMLS)*.

Chrysis longula: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 433 (cat.).

Distribution

China. Fennoscandia, Japan, Siberia, Transcaspia (Linsenmaier 1959).

133. Chrysis mane Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_mane

Plate 48

Chrysis mane Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912: 192. Lectotype ♂, China: Alashan (192 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Chrysis mane: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 436 (China [not Mongolia]: Gansu, Quingai, cat., ignita group).

Material examined

33♂♂, Din-yuan-in, IV.-VI.1908–1909, leg. Kozlov (ZIN); 1♂, env. Lang Zhou, 24.IV.1909, leg. Kozlov (ZIN); 4♀♀, env. Sinin, 1.–6.IX.1908, leg. Kozlov (ZIN); 19♀♀, Din-yuan-in, Alashan, IX.1908, leg. Kozlov (ZIN); 1♀, Ning-sia-fu, Yellow river Valley, 1.–4.VI.1908, leg. Kozlov (ZIN); 1♀, between Tsing-yung-siang and Pilung-gu-ang, 1908, leg. Kozlov (ZIN); 3♀♀, Alashan, Tzosto Canyon, 20.–26.V.1908, leg. Kozlov (ZIN).

Distribution

China (Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia).

Remarks

The lectotype bears the locality label: Alashan, oasis Din-yuan-in, 23.–26.IV.1909, expedition Kozlov.

134. Chrysis maracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_maracandensis

Chrysis maracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877: 14. Lectotype ♂ [not ♀] design. by Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 436), Uzbekistan: Sarafschan (depository: MMU)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) maracandensis: Bischoff 1910: 473 (Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang]: Pjalma-Chotan, cat.).

Chrysis maracandensis: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 436 (cat., comparata-scutellaris group).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang). Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Tarbinsky 2002c).

135. Chrysis marginata Mocsáry, 1889

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_marginata

Chrysis marginata Mocsáry 1889: 451. Holotype ♀; Turkestan (451 (descr.), depository: ISEA-PAS)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) marginata: Bischoff 1910: 479 (Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang]: Pjalma-Chotan, cat.); Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and Nikol’skaja 1954: 127 (China: Xinjiang, tax.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) marginata: Linsenmaier 1959: 146 (key, tax., descr., comparata group), 204 (fig. 373).

Chrysis marginata: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 436 (cat., comparata group); Tarbinsky 2002c: 34 (China: Xinjiang, key, cat., distr.), 42 (figs 18–19).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang). Southeastern Europe, Cyprus, Greece, Iran, Kazakhstan, Palestine, Tadjikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Linsenmaier 1959; Tarbinsky 2002c; Rosa et al. 2013).

136. Chrysis matutina Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_matutina

Plate 49

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) matutina Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 179. Holotype ♀, China: Gansu (179 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Chrysis matutina: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 437 (China: Hansiu, cat., ignita group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China: Hubei, cat., ignita group).

Distribution

China (Gansu, Hubei).

137. Chrysis mongoliana Bohart, 1991

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_mongoliana

Plate 50

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) mongolica Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967: 179. Holotype ♀, Mongolia: Transbaikal, Ingoda river (type series: N China: Alashan; 179 (descr.), depository: ZIN)* nec Mocsáry, 1914.

Chrysis mongoliana Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart), 1991: 440. Replacement name for Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) mongolica Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967 nec Mocsáry, 1914.

Chrysis mongoliana: Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China: Gansu, cat.).

Material examined

1♀, Alashan, Din-yuan-in, 20.V.1908, leg. Kozlov (ZIN); 1♀, Alashan, Tzosto Canyon, 25.V.1908, leg. Kozlov (ZIN):

Distribution

China (Inner Mongolia, Gansu).

138. Chrysis nigricincta Bischoff, 1910

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_nigricincta

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) nigricincta Bischoff, 1910: 475. Holotype ♂, Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang]: Pjalma-Chotan (475 (descr.), depository: MNHU)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) nigricincta: Bischoff 1913: 56 (Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang], cat.).

Chrysis nigricincta: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 443 (China: Sinkiang [= Xinjiang], cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

139. Chrysis nigropilosa Tsuneki, 1970

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_nigropilosa

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) nigropilosa Tsuneki, 1970b: 16. Holotype ♀, Taiwan: Chiai Province, Fenchifu, 1400 m (16 (descr.), 17 (type series: Taiwan: Fenchifu, Chienching, descr., figs 42–48), depository: OMNH, not NIAS).

Chrysis nigropilosa: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 443 (Taiwan: Chiai, Fenchifu, cat.).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

140. Chrysis parallela Brullé, 1846

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_parallela

Plate 51

Chrysis parallela Brullé, 1846: 29. Holotype ♀ [not ♂], Indonesia: Timor Is. (29 (descr.), depository: MNHN).

Chrysis parallela: du Buysson 1901b: 104 (China, cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 447 (cat., smaragdula group).

Chrysis fukaii Rohwer, 1911: 478. Holotype ♀, Taiwan: Horisha (478 (descr.), depository: USNM) (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Chrysis assamensis Mocsáry, 1913a: 24. Holotype ♀, India: Assam (24 (descr.), depository: HNHM)* (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Chrysis principalis var. assamensis: Tsuneki 1963a: 4 (Taiwan, tax.).

Chrysis fukaii: Tsuneki 1963a: 4 (possible syn. of principalis Smith, 1874); Tsuneki 1970b: 19 (synonym of principalis Smith, 1874).

Distribution

China (Taiwan). Widely distributed in the Oriental Region (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Rermarks

Chrysis fukaii Rohwer was previously synonymised with Chrysis principalis Smith, 1874 by Tsuneki (1970), who also considered C. assamensis as a colour variation of C. principalis (Tsuneki 1963a).

141. Chrysis pleskei Semenow, 1892

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_pleskei

Plate 52

Chrysis pleskei Semenow, 1892a: 257. Lectotype ♀ design. by Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 449), China [Xinjiang]: Sandzhu (depository: ZIN)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) pleskei: Bischoff 1910: 483 (Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang]: Pjalma-Chotan, cat.); Bischoff 1913: 57 (Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang]: Pjalma-Chotan, cat.).

Chrysis pleskei: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 449 (China: Sinkiang [= Xinjiang], cat., comparata-scutellaris group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China: Xinjiang: Sandzhu, cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

142. Chrysis potanini Radoszkowki, 1891

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_potanini

Chrysis potanini Radoszkowski, 1891: 186. Holotype ♂, Mongolia [= China]: Tufyn (ISEA-PAS)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) potanini: Bischoff 1911: 57 (Mongolia [= China], cat.).

Chrysis potanini: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 450 (Mongolia [= China], cat.).

Distribution

China.

Remarks

It belongs to the comparata group.

143. Chrysis principalis Smith, 1874

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_principalis

Chrysis principalis Smith, 1874b: 461. Holotype ♀, China: Shanghai (46 (descr.), depostiory: HEC).

Chrysis (Hexachrysis) principalis: Mocsáry 1889: 559 (China, descr., distr.); Bischoff 1910: 490 (Taiwan, cat.); Mocsáry 1913b: 619 (Taiwan: Takao [= Kaohsiung], Taihorinsho, Anping, Kosempo, cat.); Uchida 1927: 152 (Taiwan, North China, cat.); Uchida 1933: 4 (Taiwan, North China, cat.); Tsuneki 1948a: 127 (China: Shanxi: Yangchêng, cat., distr.), 128 (Shanxi, cat.); Tsuneki 1953b: 28 (East coast of China, Taiwan, tax.); Tsuneki 1961: 377 (North China, Taiwan, tax.); Tsuneki 1963a: 2 (East China, Taiwan, key, tax., descr., distr.), 3 (figs 1–8), 4 (China as far north as Manchuria (Dairen), Taiwan: Taihoku, Heito, Kuraru, distr., comp. notes), 9 (comp. notes, fig. 9).

Chrysis principalis: Dalla Torre 1892: 85 (China, cat.); du Buysson 1898a: 537 (China: Kiang-si [= Jiangxi], cat.), 558 (North China: Pena, cat.); du Buysson 1899: 168 (China, cat.); du Buysson 1900: 153 (China: Beijing, cat.); Bingham 1903: 440 (key), 490 (tax., descr.), 491 (China, distr.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 450 (China: Shanghai, cat., smaragdula group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.); Terayama et al. 2010: 8 (China, Taiwan, cat.).

Hexachrysis principalis: Hammer 1950: 2 (China: Kiangsu [= Jiangsu], cat.).

Chrysis (Pyria) principalis: Tsuneki 1970b: 18 (Taiwan, cat.).

Material examined

1♀, Taiwan, Chipon, VIII.1935, leg. K. Iwata, det. Linsenmaier 1974 (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Liaoning, Beijing, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Taiwan). India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Java, Celebes, Siam, Aru Is., Korea (Tsuneki 1953b).

Remarks

Tsuneki (1970b) considered C. buddhae Mocsáry, 1913 and C. fukai Rowhwer, 1911 junior synonyms of C. principalis Smith, 1874. Kimsey and Bohart (1991) considered C. buddhae Mocsáry, 1913 as a valid species and C. fukai as a synonym of C. parallela Brullé, 1846.

144. Chrysis przewalskii Radoszkovski, 1887

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_przewalskii

Chrysis przewalskii Radoszkowski, 1887: 46. Holotype ♂, Mongolia [= China]: Zaïdam (46 (descr.), depository: ISEA-PAS)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) przewalskii: Mocsáry 1889: 504 (Mongolia [= China], tax., descr.); Bischoff 1913: 57 (Mongolia [= China], cat.).

Chrysis przewalskii: Dalla Torre 1892: 86 (Mongolia [= China], cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 452 (Mongolia [= China], Keria Mts., cat., pulchella group).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang, Qinghai).

145. Chrysis rutilans extranea Linsenmaier, 1959

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_rutilans_extranea

Chrysis (Chrysis) rutilans ssp. extranea: Linsenmaier 1959: 128. Holotype ♂, Japan (128 (key, tax., descr., splendidula group), 203 (fig. 302), 211 (figs 566, 569); depository: NMLS)*.

Chrysis rutilans: Radoszkovsky 1866: 12 (China, tax.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 458 (cat., splendidula group).

Chrysis (Chrysis) rutilans ssp. extranea: Linsenmaier 1997b: 101 (China [Heilongjiang], tax.).

Material examined

Heilongjiang: 1♂, Harbin, 18.VI.1944 [Paratype]; 1♂ labeled: [Szechuen, China, Kintung, Chauchiatu 24.IV.49 Y.W. Djon] [Paratype] (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Sichuan). Europe and Eurasia (Linsenmaier 1959, Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Remarks

The specimens identified as C. rutilans Olivier by Radoszkovsky (1866) is very likely referrable to other species, based on wrong identifications found in his collection.

146. Chrysis rutiliventris nankingensis Linsenmaier, 1959

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_rutiliventris_nankingensis

Chrysis (Chrysis) rutiliventris ssp. nankingensis Linsenmaier, 1959: 153. Holotype ♀, China [Jiangsu]: Nanking [=Nanjing] (153 (descr.), ignita group, depository: NMLS)*.

Chrysis rutiliventris: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 458 (China: Nan King [= Nanjing], cat., ignita group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.).

Material examined

Jiangsu: 1♀, Nanking China 30.IV.23 / Presented by Van Dyke collector / Type ♀ Chrysis L. rutiliventris ssp. nankingensis det. Linsenmaier 1959 (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Jiangsu). Europe, Eurasia and North Africa (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

147. Chrysis schalfeewi Semenow, 1892

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_schalfeewi

Plate 53

Chrysis schalfewi Semenow, 1892: 80. Holotype ♂, China [Xinjiang]: Sandzhu (80 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) schalfewi (!): Bischoff 1913: 58 (China, cat.). Incorrect emendation.

Chrysis schalfeewi: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 459 (China: Sinkiang [= Xinjiang]: cat., comparata-scutellaris group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China: Xinjiang, cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

148. Chrysis serena Radoszkowski, 1891

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_serena

Chrysis serena Radoszkowski, 1891: 194. Holotype ♂, Iran: Sarakhs (194 (descr.), depository: ISEA-PAS)*.

Chrysis (Chrysis) pyrrhina ssp. serena: Linsenmaier 1968: 82 (Manchuria [= Heilongjiang], tax., descr., distr., viridula group).

Chrysis pyrrhina Dahlbom, 1854: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 454 (cat.).

Material examined

Heilongjiang: 1♀, Harbin, 19.VII.1953 (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang).

149. Chrysis sinensis du Buysson, 1898

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_ignita_sinensis

Chrysis ignita var. sinensis du Buysson, 1898b: 139. Holotype ♀, China: Shanghai (139 (descr.), depository: MNHN).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) ignita var. sinensis: Bischoff 1913: 53 (China, cat.); Trautmann 1927: 145 (cat.), 147 (Shanghai, tax.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) sinensis: Linsenmaier 1959: 152 (key), 155 (China, tax., descr., ignita group).

Chrysis sinensis: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 463 (cat., ignita group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.).

Distribution

China (Shanghai). Japan (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

150. Chrysis spinidens Mocsáry, 1887

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_spinidens

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) spinidens Mocsáry (inédite) in Radoszkowski, 1887: 48. Holotype ♂, Mongolia [= China]: Zaïdam (48 (descr.), depository: ISEA-PAS)*.

Chrysis spinidens: Dalla Torre 1892: 97 (Mongolia [= China], cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 464 (Mongolia [= China], cat.).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) spinidens: Bischoff 1913: 59 (Mongolia [= China], cat.).

Distribution

China (Qinghai).

Remarks

It belongs to the ignita group.

151. Chrysis splendidula Rossi, 1790

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_splendidula

Chrysis splendidula Rossi, 1790: 76. Syntypes, Italy (76 (descr.), depository: MNHU)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) splendidula: Tsuneki 1953a: 59 (Manchuria: Ronshui near Heiho, tax., distr.); Tsuneki 1953b: 26 (Manchuria, cat., distr.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) splendidula: Linsenmaier 1959: 127 (tax., descr., distr., splendidula group), 203 (fig. 301).

Chrysis splendidula: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 341 (fig. 111g), 465 (cat., splendidula gr.).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region from south Europe and North Africa to Central Asia, Korea and Japan (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

152. Chrysis strauchi Semenow, 1892

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_strauchi

Plate 54

Chrysis stranchi Semenow, 1892a: 85. Holotype ♂, Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang]: oasis Sandzhu (85 (descr.), depository: ZIN)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) stranchi (!): Bischoff 1910: 483 (Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang], cat.).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) strauchi: Bischoff 1913: 60 (Chinese Turkestan [= Xinjiang], cat.).

Chrysis strauchi: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 466 (China [Xinjiang], cat., comparata-scutellaris group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China: Xinjiang, cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

153. Chrysis taihorina Mocsáry, 1913

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_taihorina

Plate 55

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) taihorina Mocsáry, 1913b: 617. Holotype ♂, Taiwan: Taihorin (617 (descr.), 619 (Taiwan, cat.), depository: HNHM)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) taihorina: Uchida 1927: 151 (Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1933: 5 (Taiwan, cat.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) taihorina: Tsuneki 1970b: 16 (Taiwan, cat.).

Chrysis taihorina: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 469 (Taiwan, cat., ignita group).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

154. Chrysis taiwana Tsuneki, 1970

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_taiwana

Chrysis (Chrysura) taiwana Tsuneki, 1970b: 7. Holotype ♂, Taiwan [Pintung Province]: Hengchun (7 (tax., descr., figs 9–13), 8 (Taiwan, Hengchun), depository: OMNH).

Chrysis taiwana: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 470 (Taiwan, cat., capitalis group).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

155. Chrysis takasago Tsuneki, 1963

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_takasago

Chrysis (Hexachrysis) takasago Tsuneki, 1963a: 4. Syntypes ♀♀, Taiwan: Gyochi, Taihoku, Shinka, Kuraru, Urai (1 (Taiwan, key), 4 (tax., descr.), 5 (comp. notes, figs 10–12), depository: OMNH).

Chrysis (Pyria) principalis ssp. takasago: Tsuneki 1970b: 19 (Taiwan: Ilan, Hualien, Nantou, Taitung, Pingtung, tax., aberr.).

Chrysis takasago: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 470 (Taiwan, cat., smaragdula group).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

156. Chrysis takeuchii Tsuneki, 1950

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_takeuchii

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) takeuchii Tsuneki, 1950: 76. Holotype ♀, Taiwan: Horisha (76 (descr.), 77 (type series: Taiwan: Horisha, Takesaki), depository: OMNH).

Chrysis (Chrysis) takeuchii: Tsuneki 1970b: 14 (Taiwan: Nanshanchi, tax., descr.), 15 (figs 40–41).

Chrysis takeuchii: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 470 (Taiwan: Horisha, cat.).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

157. Chrysis talitha Mocsáry, 1913

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_talitha

Plate 56

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) talitha Mocsáry, 1913b: 616. Holotype ♀, Taiwan: Taihorinsho (616 (descr.), 619 (Taiwan, cat.), depository: HNHM)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) talitha: Uchida 1927: 152 (Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1933: 5 (Taiwan, cat.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) talitha: Tsuneki 1970b: 15 (Taiwan: Taihorinsho, cat.).

Chrysis talitha: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 470 (Taiwan: Taihorinsho, cat., splendidula-senegalensis group).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

158. Chrysis tibetana Mocsáry, 1914

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_tibetana

Plate 57

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) tibetana Mocsáry, 1914: 43. Lectotype ♂ design. by Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 471), Tibet: Gyangtse (depository: BMNH)*.

Chrysis tibetana: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 471 (Tibet: Gyangtse, lectotype design., cat., ignita group).

Material examined

Tibet: Paralectotypes, 1♂, Gyangtse. 13,000ft June 1904 Tibet Exp. H.J. Walton 1905–173; 1♀, Tibet: Kyishong. 14,500 ft 10.VII.1924 Maj. R.W.G.Hingston / Everest Exp. Brit. Mus. 1924–386; both specimens identified by Linsenmaier in 1966 (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Tibet).

159. Chrysis tsingtauensis Bischoff, 1910

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_tsingtauensis

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) tsingtauensis Bischoff, 1910: 482. Lectotype ♂ design. by Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 471), China [Qingdao]: Kiautschau [= Jiaozhou Bay], Tsingtau (MNHU)*.

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) tsingtauensis: Bischoff 1913: 60 (Tsingtau, cat.).

Chrysis tsingtauensis: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 471 (China [Qingdao]: Kiautschau, Tsingtau, lectotype design., cat., ignita group).

Material examined

1♂, Shanghai, 15.V.1923; 1♀, China “C.F.”, Lju Coll.; both specimens identified by Linsenmaier 1966, but to be considered as doubtful identifications.

Distribution

China (Shandong, Shanghai).

160. Chrysis varicolor Smith, 1874

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_varicolor

Chrysis varicolor Smith, 1874b: 482. Holotype ♂, China [Fujian]: Foochow [= Fuzhou] (482 (descr.), depository: BMNH).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) variicolor (!): Mocsáry 1889: 539 (China: Ta-tschian-sy, tax., descr.).

Chrysis variicolor (!): Dalla Torre 1892: 105 (China borealis, cat.).

Chrysis (Hexachrysis) variicolor (!): Bischoff 1913: 68 (North China, cat.).

Chrysis varicolor: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 474 (cat., ignita group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China: Fujian, cat.).

Distribution

China (Fujian).

161. Chrysis vicaria Mocsáry, 1913

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_vicaria

Plate 58

Chrysis (Hexachrysis) vicaria Mocsáry, 1913a: 11. Lectotype ♂ design. by Bohart (in Bohart and French 1986: 343), China: Taiwan: Taihorinsho (11 (descr.), 12 (type series: Takao, Fuhosho, Tainan, Taihorinsho), depository: HNHM)*.

Chrysis (Hexachrysis) vicaria: Mocsáry 1913b: 619 (Taiwan: Anping, Takao, Taihorinsho, Tainan, Fuhosho, cat.); Bischoff 1913: 68 (Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1927: 152 (Taiwan, cat.).

Chrysis (Hexachrysis) fasciata vicaria: Tsuneki 1962: 2 (Taiwan, cat.); Tsuneki 1963a: 1 (Taiwan and probably eastern coast of China, key), 6 (tax., descr.), 7 (Taiwan, comp. notes, figs 13–15), 9 (comp. notes).

Chrysis (Pyria) fasciata vicaria: Tsuneki 1970b: 19 (Taiwan: Ilan, Nantou, Pingtung, cat.); Tsuneki 1970c; 49 (Taiwan, key, tax.).

Chrysis vicaria: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 476 (Taiwan: Taihorinsho, cat., smaragdula group); Terayama et al. 2010: 9 (China (?), Taiwan, cat.).

Material examined

1♀, Taiwan; Kosempo 7–19.IV.1908 leg. H. Sauter, identified by Linsenmaier 1973 (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

Remarks

Tsuneki (1962, 1963a, 1970b) considered C. vicaria as a subspecies of C. fasciata Olivier, 1790.

162. Chrysis violenta ultramonticola Linsenmaier 1968

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_violenta_ultramonticola

Chrysis (Chrysis) violenta ssp. ultramonticola Linsenmaier, 1968: 97. Holotype ♀, Tibet: Tropde, 11.000 ft (97 (Tibet: Tropde, 11.000 ft; Rongshar, 13.000 ft, descr.), ignita group, depository: BMNH).

Chrysis violenta: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 477 (Tibet, Everest Region: Tropde, cat., ignita group).

Distribution

China (Tibet). Nepal (Boesi et al. 2005).

Host

Boesi et al. (2005) found three specimens of C. violenta ultramonticola in the nest of Ancistrocerus sikhimensis Bingham (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae).

163. Chrysis viridula Linnaeus, 1761

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_viridula

Chrysis viridula Linnaeus, 1761: 415. Holotype ♂; Europe (415 (descr.), depository: LSL).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) viridula f. apicata Uchida, 1927: Tsuneki 1948b: 47 (Manchuria, tax.).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) viridula: Tsuneki 1953a: 59 (Manchuria [Jilin]: Chintsang, North of Kunchun, tax., distr.).

Chrysis (Chrysis) viridula: Linsenmaier 1959: 129 (key, viridula group), 130 (tax., descr.), 203 (fig. 304), 211 (figs 561, 562).

Chrysis viridula: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 329 (fig. 107a), 341 (fig.111h), 367 (cit.), 329 (fig. 197a), 341 (fig. 111h), 477 (cat.).

Distribution

China (Jilin). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic to Russian Far East (Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

Remarks

In Kimsey and Bohart (1991)Chrysis viridula var. apicata Uchida, 1927 from Japan is included in the synonymic list for viridula, but according to Tsuneki (1948b, 1953a), it is a synonym of splendidula Rossi, 1790.

164. Chrysis volatilis Smith, 1874

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_volatilis

Chrysis volatilis Smith, 1874b: 459. Holotype ♀, Shanghai (459 (descr.), depository: BMNH).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) volatilis: Mocsáry 1889: 374 (Shanghai, descr., cat.); Bischoff 1913: 61 (North China, cat.).

Chrysis volatilis: Dalla Torre 1892: 109 (Shanghai, cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 478 (China: Shanghai, cat., ignita group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China: Shanghai cat.).

Distribution

China (Shanghai).

16. Genus Chrysura Dahlbom, 1845

165. Chrysura hirsuta (Gerstaecker, 1869)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_hirsuta

Chrysis hirsuta Gerstaecker, 1869: 185. Holotype ♀, Austria: Ober-Kärnthen (depository: MNHU)*.

Chrysis davidi du Buysson, 1898a: 524. Holotype ♀, China: Jehol [= Johol] (depository: MNHN).

Chrysis davidi: du Buysson, 1899: 163 (China, cat.).

Chrysis (Holochrysis) davidi: Bischoff 1913: 38 (North China, cat.); Tsuneki 1948a: 125a (China: Shanxi: Hengshuichen-Hengligkuan, cat., distr.); 128 (China: Beijing distr., Manchuria, Shanxi, cat.); Tsuneki 1948b: 47 (North China: Rehe, Shanxi, tax.); 51 (résumé); Tsuneki 1950: 67 (comp. notes); Tsuneki 1953b: 24 (North China, (Johol, Shanxi), cat.); Linsenmaier 1959: 79 (synonym of hirsuta).

Chrysis (Chrysogona) hirsuta: Linsenmaier 1959: 79 (key, tax., descr., biol., pustulosa group), 202 (fig. 244).

Chrysis hirsuta: Móczár 1967: 73 (China, key, tax., descr., biol.).

Chrysura hirsuta: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 490 (cat., radians group); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1006 (China, cat.); Terayama et al. 2010: 4 (fig.), 9 (China, cat.), 12 (tab., biol.).

Material examined

1♀, Kouy-Théou Cavalaire, 1921 (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi, Guizhou). Central Europe and Fennoscandia, south European mountains, Korea, Japan (Linsenmaier 1959; Tsuneki 1953b).

Remarks

Tsuneki (1948b) placed C. iwatai Tosawa, 1942 in synonym of C. davidi du Buysson. C. iwatai is considered as a valid species in the genus Chrysis by Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 426). Tsuneki (1950: 67) provided a comparison of C. (Holochrysis) davidi and C. koma Tsuneki, 1950. Osmia orientalis (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) is recorded as its host (Terayama et al. 2010).

166. Chrysura refulgens (Spinola, 1806)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_refulgens

Chrysis refulgens Spinola, 1806: 8. Holotype ♀, Italy (8 (descr.), depository: MRSN)*.

Chrysis artifex Smith, 1874b: 456. Holotype ♂, Hong Kong (456 (descr.), depository: BMNH) (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Chrysis (Holochrysis) artifex: Mocsáry, 1889: 247 (tax., descr.), 248 (Hong Kong), Bischoff 1913: 37 (North China, cat.).

Chrysis artifex: Dalla Torre 1892: 44 (China, cat.).

Chrysura refulgens: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 495 (cat., radians group).

Distribution

China (Hong Kong). Widely distributed in the Mediterranean basin (Linsenmaier 1959).

17. Genus Euchroeus Latreille, 1809

167. Euchroeus mon golicus Tsuneki, 1947

http://species-id.net/wiki/Euchroeus_purpuratus_mongolicus

Plate 59

Euchroeus purpuratus f. mongolicus Tsuneki, 1947: 54. Holotype ♀, China: Inner Mongolia: Apaka (54 (descr., biol.), 55 (ecol.), depository: NIAS).

Euchroeus purpuratus mongolicus: Tsuneki 1948a: 124 (China: Manchuria, Nanpintsun, tax., descr.), 128 (Shanxi, cat.).

Euchroeus (Euchroeus) mongolicus: Linsenmaier 1959: 73 (Mongolia [= Inner Mongolia], tax., descr.), 200 (fig. 213).

Brugmoia quadrata (Shuckard, 1837): Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 296 (cat.).

Material examined

Paratypes, 2♂♂2♀♀, Apaka, Inner Mongolia, 4.VI.1939, K. Tsuneki, Euchroeus purpuratus mongolicus m. (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Inner Mongolia, Shanxi).

Host

Possible host is Podalonia caucasica Morawitz (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae).

Remarks

Euchroeus mongolicus was synonymised with Brugmoia quadrata (=Euchroeus purpuratus) by Kimsey and Bohart (1991). But, the generic name Euchroeus Latreille, 1809 and specific name Chrysis purpurata Fabricius, 1787 were conserved by ICZN (1998). As a result the generic name Brugmoia Radoszkowski, 1877 (used by Kimsey and Bohart (1991)) is a junior synonym of Euchroeus Latreille, 1809, and the name quadrata is a junior synonym of purpurata.

E. mongolicus is well characterized by the male’s colouration (similar to that of the female, in contrast with the green-blue colouration of the males belonging to this genus) and by its sparse punctuation, the smallest mandibles and shorter tongue compared with the typical E. purpuratus.

168. Euchroeus orientis (Semenov-Tian-Shansky, 1909)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Pseudochrysis_purpurata_orientis

Plates 60, 61

Pseudochrysis purpurata ssp. orientis Semenov-Tian-Shansky, 1909: 214 [nec Euchroeus]. Lectotype ♂ design. by Kimsey (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 296), Dzhungaria Chinense [= Xinjiang]: Bugas near Hami (depository: ZIN)*.

Euchroeus purpuratus var. orientalis (!): Bischoff 1913: 29 (Dzhungaria).

Brugmoia purpurata ssp. orientis: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 296 (China: Dzhungaria Chinense [= Xinjiang]: Hami, cat.).

Material examined

Paralectotype, 1♀, Dzhungaria Chinense [= Xinjiang]: Bugas near Hami, 7.IX.1895, expedition Kozlov (ZIN).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

Remarks

The oriental specimens examined (from China to Kyrgyzstan) are differentiated from the typical Euchroeus purpuratus (Fabricius, 1787) and are considered as a valid species. The coarse body sculpture and different colouration between the two demonstrate that they are different species.

18. Genus Praestochrysis Linsenmaier, 1959

169. Praestochrysis lachesis (Mocsáry, 1913)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_lachesis

Plate 62

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) lachesis Mocsáry, 1913a: 7. Holotype ♂, Taiwan: Taihorisho (7 (descr.), depository: HNHM)*.

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) lachesis: Mocsáry 1913b: 619 (Taiwan, cat.); Bischoff 1913: 62 (Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1927: 152 (Taiwan, cat.); Tsuneki 1955: 35 (key), 40 (tax., descr.), 41 (Taiwan: Taihorihsho); Tsuneki 1970b: 18 (Taiwan, cat.).

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) basilacuna Sugihara, 1932: 372. Type ?; Taiwan (372 (descr.), depository unknown).

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) basilacuna: Tsuneki 1955: 35 (key), 41 (tax., descr.), 42 (figs 7–14), 43 (Taiwan: Taihoku); Tsuneki 1970b: 18 (synonym of lachesis).

Praestochrysis lachesis: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 532 (Taiwan, cat.).

Distribution

China (Taiwan).

Remarks

Tsuneki (1955) assumed that C. lachesis was a synonym of C. basilacuna. According to his description, the only distinguishing characteristic between the two species is the length of the antennal segments, which we think that could be a sexual dimorphic characteristic. Tsuneki was not able to study the type of C. lachesis and postponed discussion of the possible synonymy. Later, Tsuneki (1970b) considered C. basilacuna a synonym of C. lachesis without further discussion, but he surely examined all of the material available in the area. Kimsey and Bohart (1991) did not examine the type of C. basilacuna and placed it in the genus Chrysis. However, the anal margin of the third tergite with five teeth excludes this species from the genus Chrysis s. str., and we agree with Tsuneki’s interpretation.

170. Praestochrysis ribbei (Mocsáry, 1889)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_ribbei

Plate 63

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) ribbei Mocsáry, 1889: 524. Lectotype ♀ design. by Bohart (in Bohart and French 1986: 342), Celebes (depository: HNHM)*.

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) shanghaiensis var. ribbei: Bischoff 1910: 486 (China: Canton [= Guangzhou], cat.).

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) ribbei: Tsuneki 1955: 43 (possible syn. of Praestochrysis shanghaiensis).

Praestochrysis ribbei: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 534 (cat.).

Distribution

China (Guangdong). Indonesia, Thailand (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

171. Praestochrysis shanghaiensis (Smith, 1874)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_shanghaiensis

Chrysis shanghaiensis Smith, 1874b: 460. Holotype ♀, China: Shanghai (469 (descr.), depository: BMNH).

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) mandarina Mocsáry, 1889: 522. Holotype ♀, China: Ta-tschian-sy (522 (descr.), depository: HNHM) (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 534).

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) shanghaiensis: Mocsáry, 1889: 522 (China borealis, tax., descr.); Bischoff 1910: 486 (China [Shandong]: Kiautschou [= Jiaozhou Bay], cat.); Bischoff 1913: 63 (North China, cat.); Uchida 1927: 152 (North China, Taiwan, cat.); Tsuneki 1953a: 60 (South Manchuria [Liaoning]: Dairen [= Dalian], Tashonshan, tax.); Tsuneki 1955: 36 (key), 43 (tax.), 44 (descr., figs 15–20, 46 (China, Dairen [= Dalian], Taiwan, biol.); Tsuneki 1970b: 18 (Taiwan: Penpuchi, Kuanfu, cat.); Tsuneki 1970c: 49 (eastern part of China, Manchuria, North China, key, tax.).

Chrysis shanghaiensis: Dalla Torre 1892: 95 (China borealis, cat.); du Buysson 1898c: 82 (China: Tché-li, Han-Kèou, Shanghai, tax., biol., morphology), pl. 1 (figs 1–7); du Buysson 1901a: 29 (China: Tché-li, Shanghai, tax., biol.); Seurat 1901: 236 (Shanghai, tax., biol.); Bingham 1903: 438 (key), 477 (tax., descr.), 478 (China, distr.); Hammer 1950: 1 (China: Kiansu [= Jiangsu], cat.).

Praestochrysis shanghaiensis: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 534 (China, cat.); He et al. 2004: 889 (cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1006 (China, Taiwan, cat.); Terayama et al. 2010: 6 (figs.), 9 (China, Taiwan, cat.), 12 (tab., biol.).

Material examined

1♂, China, 1947, Ming Po, Coll. Linsenmaier; 1♀ / J. de Joannis / with pinned cocoon; 1 ♂, [Hori, Formosa, 25.V.’32 / L. Gressitt Collection; 1 ♂, China, Ningpo, 1. –5.7.1934, Naef; 2 ♀♀, Chusan [= Zhoushan, Zhejiang] China, Juni, 1948, Collect. Naef. All the specimens were identified by Linsenmaier (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Liaoning, Jiangsu, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Taiwan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan). Japan, Indin (He et al. 2004).

Host

Monema flavescens (Lepidoptera, Limacodiidae) (du Buysson 1898c, 1901a, Seurat 1901). Various studies on the parasitism by P. shanghaiensis have been published (Yamada 1980, 1987a, 1987b, 1988, 1990, 1991; Komeda and Hisamatsu 2005).

19. Genus Primeuchroeus Linsenmaier, 1968

172. Primeuchroeus crassiceps (Tsuneki, 1970)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_crassiceps

Chrysis (Chrysura) crassicepsTsuneki 1970b: 8. Holotype ♀, Taiwan: Chiai Province: Kuanhua (8 (tax., descr., figs 12–22), 9 (Taiwan: Kuanhua, descr.), depository: NIAS).

Primeuchroeus crassiceps: Bohart 1988: 22 (fig.1), 23 (key); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 541 (Taiwan: Chiai Prov.: Kuanhua, cat., siamensis group); Wei et al., 2014a: 45 (key, tax., descr.), 46 (figs 1–2, ♀), 47 (figs 3–9, ♀, siamensis group), 48 (figs 10–11, ♂), 49 (figs 12–18, ♂).

Distribution

China (Taiwan, Yunnan).

173. Primeuchroeus kansitakuanus (Tsuneki, 1970)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_kansitakuanus

Chrysis kansitakuanus Tsuneki 1970b: 9. Holotype ♀, Taiwan: Chiai Province: Kansitaku (9 (tax., descr.), 10 (Taiwan, Kansitaku, descr., figs 23–26, comp. notes), depository: OMNH, not NIAS).

Primeuchroeus kansitakuanus: Bohart 1988: 22 (fig.2), 23 (key); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 542 (ghilianii group); Wei et al. 2014a: 45 (key), 48 (China: Zhejiang: Lin’an, Mt. Qingliangfeng; Fujian: Da’an; Hubei, Jingmen, Jingshan; Hunan: Mt. Huping, Shinianzigou; Mt. Huping, Shinianzigou; Mt. Huping, Zongfeng; Mt. Huping, Shuawu village; Huaihua; Guangzhou: Wangzishan Forest Park; Liuxihe Forest Park; Guangdong: Chebaling National Nature Reserve; Hainan: Mt. Wuzhi; Guizhou: Tianzhu; Mayang River, Dahe Dam; Yunnan: Jinggu, Yunhai Reserve; Yingjiang; Chenggong, Luoyang, tax.), 50 (figs 19–20, ♀), 51 (figs 21–27, ♀, descr.), 52 (biol., ghiliani group).

Distribution

China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guizhou, Yunnan). Malaysia, Viet Nam (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

174. Primeuchroeus yongdaerianus Kim, 2013

http://species-id.net/wiki/Primeuchroeus_yongdaerianus

Primeuchroeus yongdaerianus Kim, 2013: 95. Holotype ♀, Korea: Inje-gun, Buk-myeon, Yongdae-ri (95 (tax., descr.), 96 (figs 1A–1D, ecol., comp. notes).

Primeuchroeus yongdaerianus: Wei et al. 2014a: 45 (key), 52 (China: Yunnan: Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve; Mailongxia, tax., descr.), 53 (figs 28–29), 54 (figs 30–36), 55 (biol., siamensis group).

Distribution

China (Yunnan). Korea (Kim 2013).

20. Genus Pseudospinolia Linsenmaier, 1951

175. Pseudospinolia humboldti (Dahlbom, 1845)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysura_humboldti

Chrysura humboldti Dahlbom, 1845: 6. Holotype ♂, Rhodes (6 (descr.), depository: NHRS)*.

Pseudochrysis humboldti: Tsuneki 1953a: 58 (China, tax.).

Euchroeus (Pseudospinolia) humboldti: Linsenmaier 1959: 67 (key, descr.), 201 (fig. 227).

Pseudospinolia humboldti: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 547 (cat., distr.).

Distribution

China (Shanxi). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Kimsey and Bohart, 1991).

176. Pseudospinolia incrassata (Spinola, 1838)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_incrassata

Chrysis incrassata Spinola, 1838: 454. Syntypes ♀♀, Corse (454 (descr.), depository: MRSN)*.

Pseudochrysis incrassata: Tsuneki 1953a: 57 (Manchuria [Liaoning]: Dairen [= Dalian], cat., distr.).

Euchroeus (Pseudospinolia) incrassata: Linsenmaier 1959: 67 (key, tax.), 68 (distr., descr.), 200 (fig. 207).

Pseudospinolia incrassata: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 546 (fig. 138f), 547 (cat., distr.).

Distribution

China (Liaoning). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Linsenmaier 1959).

177. Pseudospinolia neglecta (Shuckard, 1837)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_neglecta

Chrysis neglecta Shuckard, 1837: 169. Lectotype ♀ design. by Morgan (1984: 9), England (depository: BMNH).

Pseudochrysis neglecta: Trautmann 1927: 92 (key), 99 (Tianshan [Xinjiang ?], descr., biol., distr.).

Euchroeus (Pseudospinolia) neglectus: Linsenmaier 1959: 65 (key), 66 (tax., descr.), 200 (fig. 206).

Pseudospinolia neglecta: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 546 (fig. 138c), 548 (cat.); Rosa 2006: 30 (biol.), 32 (biol.), 40 (ecol.), 52 (ecol.), 55 (biogeogr.), 78 (cat.), 200 (China, tax., descr., biol.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang?). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Bohart and Kimsey 1991).

21. Genus Stilbum Spinola, 1806

178. Stilbum calens (Fabricius, 1781)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_calens

Chrysis calens Fabricius, 1781: 455. Holotype ♀, Siberia (455 (descr.), depository: BMNH)*.

Stilbum splendidum var. calens: du Buysson 1900: 156 (China: Beijing, cat.).

Stilbum cyanurum var. calens: Hammer 1936: 3 (China [Inner Mongolia]: Hurtjertu Gol, tax.).

Stilbum cyanurum cyanurum f. calens (!): Tsuneki 1947: 53 (China [Inner Mongolia]: Apaka); Tsuneki 1948a: 124 (China: Shanxi: Nanpintsun, Manchuria: Tonei, tax., distr.), 128 (Shanxi, cat.); Tsuneki 1953a: 58 (Manchuria [Liaoning]: Dairen [= Dalian], Tungning, cat., distr.).

Stilbum calens ssp. zimmermanni Linsenmaier, 1959: Linsenmaier 1968: 123 (China, cat.).

Stilbum calens ssp. wesmaeli Dahlbom, 1845: Linsenmaier 1997b: 134 (China, tax., descr.).

Material examined

1♂, Valley of the river Kuldgi, V.VI.1878, leg. Regel (ZIN). 1♂, Alashan, Din-yuan-in, 8.–9.VI.1908, expedition Kozlov (ZIN).

Distribution

China (Liaoning, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Tsuneki 1948a; Linsenmaier 1959).

179. Stilbum cyanurum (Forster, 1771)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_cyanura

Chrysis cyanura Forster, 1771: 89. Holotype ♂, Spain (89 (descr.), depository: BMNH).

Chrysis splendida Fabricius, 1775: 357. Syntypes, Australia (357 (descr.), depositories: BMNH, ZMU)*.

Chrysis amethystina Fabricius, 1775: 359. Syntypes, Australia (359 (descr.), depositories: BMNH, ZMU).

Stilbum splendidum: Smith 1864: 144 (China, tab.); Radoszkovsky 1866: 14 (China, cat.); du Buysson 1900: 156 (China: Hong Kong, cat.).

Stilbum splendidum var. caspicum du Buysson (In André), 1896: 680. Syntypes, Turkmenistan: Otreck, Ethiopia: Abissinia (680 (descr.), depository: ISEA-PAS, MNHN)*.

Stilbum cyanurum: du Buysson 1898a: 544 (China: Kiang-si [= Jiangxi], cat.); du Buysson 1899: 169 (China, cat.); Hammer 1936: 3 (China [Inner Mongolia]: Hurtjertu Gol, cat.); Tsuneki 1948b: 50 (Manchuria, North China, Taiwan, tax.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 567 (cat.), Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1006 (China, cat.); Terayama et al. 2010: 6 (fig.), 9 (China, Taiwan, cat.), 12 (tab., biol.), 13 (fig. 4).

Stilbum splendidum var. caspicum: du Buysson 1898a: 561 (China, cat.); Zimmermann 1937: 657 (tax.).

Stilbum splendidum var. amethystinum: Mocsáry 1913b: 613 (tax.), 614 (Taiwan, cat.); du Buysson 1898a: 561 (China, cat.); Uchida 1927: 151 (Taiwan, China, cat.); Yasumatsu 1938: 73 (China, cat.).

Stilbum cyanurum var. auratum Trautmann, 1920: 240. Holotype ♀, China (240 (descr.), depository: MNHU); Trautmann 1927: 81 (China, tax.), 82 (Central China, Kansu, tax.).

Stilbum cyanurum var. splendidum: Uchida 1927: 151 (Taiwan, cat.); Tsuneki 1970b: 19 (cat.), 20 (Taiwan: Ilan Province: Chuantou, Tsukeng; Hualien Province: Liyuchih; Nantou Province: Puli, Jihyuehtan; Taitung Province: Chihpenchi; Pingtung Province: Checheng, Kentin Park, tax.).

Stilbum cyanurum cyanurum: Zimmermann 1937: 650 (East China, tax., distr.), 656 (Central China, type); Tsuneki 1947: 52 (China: Shanxi, tax.); Stilbum cyanurum Hammer 1950: 1 (China: Kiangsu [= Jiangsu], tax.); Tsuneki 1953a: 24 (North China, Manchuria, tax.); Stilbum cyanurum cyanurum: Tsuneki 1953b: 58 (Manchuria: Chinchow, cat.); Linsenmaier 1959: 180 (key, tax.), 181 (China, descr.), 216 (fig. 686); Stilbum cyanurum cyanurum: Móczár 1967: 117 (key, tax., descr.), 118 (Manchuria, biol.).

Stilbum cyanurum f. auratum: Zimmermann 1937: 656 (Central China, tax.).

Stilbum calens ssp. auratum: Linsenmaier 1959: 182 (China, Kansu, tax.).

Material examined

Guandong: 1♂, Canton [= Guangzhou], 1910; Yunnan: 2♂♂, Ta-pin-tze, leg. R.P. Delavay; 1♀, Macao; 1♂, Taiwan, Takao, 1923; 1♀, id., 29.IX.1907; 1♀, Taihanroku; 1♀, Taipei, 1.V.1976; all the specimens identified by Linsenmaier (NMLS). 1♂, Alashan, Din-yuan-in, 17. –20.VIII.1908, leg. Kozlov (ZIN). 62 exx. under the name S. cyanurum auratum housed in ZIN with the following labels:, Din-yuan-in, Alashan, 17.–18.VI.1908 and 22.IV.1909, leg. Kozlov; Alashan, Golih-Goli Canyon; Alashan, Shan-Shun Canyon, 17. –18.VI.1908, leg. Kozlov.

Distribution

China (Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu, Taiwan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Yunnan). Widely distributed in the Oriental, Palaearctic, Afrotropical and Australian Regions (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

22. Genus Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876

180. Trichrysis cyanea (Linnaeus, 1758)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Sphex_cyanea

Sphex cyanea Linnaeus, 1758: 572. Lectotype ♂ design. by Morgan (1984: 10), Europe (depository: LSL).

Chrysis (Trichrysis) cyanea: Tsuneki 1947: 55 (China: Beijing, cat., distr.); Tsuneki 1950: 70 (comp. notes); Tsuneki 1953a: 58 (Manchuria, Kaiyüan, Shorei, Yiyasaka, tax., distr.); Tsuneki 1953b: 25 (North China, Manchuria, tax.); Linsenmaier 1959: 169 (key), 170 (tax., descr., biol.), 205 (fig. 383).

Trichrysis cyanea: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 571 (cat.).

Distribution

China (Liaoning, Beijing). Widely distributed in Europe and western Asia to Siberia, Russian Far East, Korea and Japan (Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

181. Trichrysis imperiosa (Smith, 1874)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_imperiosa

Chrysis imperiosus (!) Smith, 1874b: 460. Lectotype ♀ design. by Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 533), Australia: Queensland, Moreton Bay (460 (descr.), depository: BMNH).

Chrysis imperiosa: du Buysson 1898a: 536 (“Montagnes de Song-Chaï”, cat.); du Buysson 1899: 168 (China, cat.).

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) imperiosa: Mocsáry 1913b: 619 (Taiwan: Juhosho, cat.); Uchida 1927: 152 (Taiwan, cat.); Tsuneki 1970b: 18 (Taiwan, cat.).

Chrysis (Trichrysis) imperiosa: Linsenmaier 1959: 170 (tax., lusca group); Linsenmaier 1994: 193 (tax.).

Praestochrysis imperiosa: Strumia 1996: 62 (Taiwan, tax.).

Distribution

China (Taiwan). Austrialia, Thailand (Smith, 1874b; Tsuneki, 1963b).

Remarks

Linsenmaier (1994, 1997a) and Madl and Rosa (2012) moved the species group lusca (including lusca and imperiosa) from the genus Praestochrysis Linsenmaier to genus Trichrysis Lichtenstein. Kimsey and Bohart (1991) treated Praestochrysis imperiosa (Smith, 1874) as a junior synonym of P. lusca (Fabricius, 1804). But P. imperiosa is distinctly different from P. lusca (Fabricius) (Strumia 1996).

182. Trichrysis lusca (Fabricius, 1804)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_lusca

Plate 64

Chrysis lusca Fabricius, 1804: 171. Holotype ♀, Italy (accidentally introduced) (171 (descr.), depository: ZMU)*.

Chrysis lusca: du Buysson 1898a: 536 (Macao, cat.); du Buysson 1899: 168 (China, cat.).

Chrysis (Pentachrysis) lusca: Bischoff 1910: 486 (Taiwan, cat.); Mocsáry 1913a: 11 (Taiwan, cat.); Mocsáry 1913b: 619 (Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1927: 152 (Taiwan, cat.); Tsuneki 1953b: 28 (Taiwan, cat.); Tsuneki 1955: 35 (key), 36 (tax.), 37 (figs 1–6), 38 (East China, Taiwan, distr.); Tsuneki 1970b: 17 (tax.), 18 (Taiwan, Provinces of Taipei, Taoyuan, Illan, Huallien, Nantou, Chiai, Taitung, Pingtung, cat.); Tsuneki 1970c: 49 (Taiwan, key, tax.).

Pentachrysis lusca: Hammer 1950: 2 (China: Peitaiho, Taiwan, cat.).

Praestochrysis lusca: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 533 (cat.); Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1006 (China, cat.).

Chrysis (Trichrysis) lusca: Linsenmaier 1994: 193 (tax.).

Material examined

2♀♀, Taiwan, Chipon, VIII.1935 leg. K. Iwata, det. Enslin; 1♀, Taiwan, Sozan, VIII.1935, leg. K. Iwata det. Linsenmaier (NMLS).

Distribution

China (Hebei, Taiwan, Macao). Widely distributed in the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Remarks

Linsenmaier (1994, 1997a) and Madl and Rosa (2012) moved the species group lusca (including lusca and imperiosa) from the genus Praestochrysis Linsenmaier to the genus Trichrysis Lichtenstein.

183. Trichrysis luzonica (Mocsáry, 1889)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_luzonica

Chrysis (Trichrysis) luzonica Mocsáry, 1889. 328. Holotype ♀, Philippines: Luzon (328 (descr.), depository: ISEA-PAS).

Chrysis (Trichrysis) taial Tsuneki, 1970b: 11. Holotype ♀, Taiwan; Nanton Province: Puli (11 (tax., descr.), 12 (Taiwan, Puli; Tsukeng, Chantou, Sschungchi, Manchou, Oluampi, Kentin Park, Fanshanlu, descr., figs 30–34), depository: OMNH, not NIAS) (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 572).

Trichrysis luzonica: Bohart 1987: 348 (Taiwan, key); Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 572 (Hong Kong, cat.).

Distribution

China (Taiwan, Hong Kong). Philippines (Mocsáry 1889).

184. Tric hrysis pellucida (du Buysson, 1887)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_pellucida

Chrysis pellucida du Buysson, 1887: 183. Syntypes ♂♀, China, Turkey (183 (descr.), 184 (China), depository: MNHN).

Chrysis (Trichrysis) buyssoni Mocsáry, 1889. 323. Replacement name for Chrysis pellucida du Buysson 1887nec Brugmoia pellucida Radoszkowski, 1877.

Chrysis pellucida: du Buysson, 1898a: 525 (China: Jehol [= Johol]: “Nord de Pèking”, cat.); du Buysson, 1899: 164 (China, cat.); du Buysson, 1900: 144 (China: Beijing, cat.).

Chrysis (Trichrysis) pellucida: Bischoff, 1913: 46 (China, cat.); Tsuneki 1953b: 25 (North China: Jehol, cat.); Linsenmaier 1959: 169 (China, key, tax.).

Chrysis (Monochrysis) coreana Uchida, 1927: Tsuneki 1948b: 47 (tax., syn.); 51 (résumé);

Trichrysis buyssoni: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 571 (cat.).

Distribution

China (Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Beijing). Middle East to China and Russian Far East (Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007).

Remarks

Chrysis (Trichrysis) buyssoni Mocsáry was a replacement name for Trichrysis pellucida (du Buysson, 1887). However, after 1889, the name Brugmoia pellucida Radoszkowski was considered belonging to the genus Euchroeus Latreille and no longer congeneric. According to the Code (Art. 59), a junior secondary homonym replaced before 1961 is permanently invalid unless the substitute name is not in use and the relevant taxa are no longer considered congeneric, in which case the junior homonym is not to be rejected on grounds of that replacement.

185. Trichrysis secernenda (Mocsáry, 1912)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_secernenda

Plate 65

Chrysis (Trichrysis) secernenda Mocsáry, 1912a: 376. Lectotype ♂ design. by Bohart (in Bohart and French 1986: 342), Uzbekistan: Gouldsha (type series: China: Xinjiang, paralectotypes) (depository: HNHM)*.

Trichrysis secernenda: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 573 (cat.).

Distribution

China (Xinjiang).

186. Trichrysis triacantha (Mocsáry, 1889)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_triacantha

Chrysis (Trichrysis) triacantha Mocsáry, 1889: 325. Holotype ♀, Indonesia: Sumatra (325 (descr.), depository: NHMW)*.

Chrysis (Trichrysis) formosana Mocsáry, 1912a: 380. Lectotype ♀ design. by Bohart (in Bohart and French 1986: 341), Taiwan: Takao [= Kaohsiung] (HNHM)* (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 574).

Chrysis (Trichrysis) sauteri Mocsáry, 1912a: 381. Holotype ♂, Taiwan: Takao [= Kaohsiung] (381 (descr.), depository: HNHM)* (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 574).

Chrysis (Trichrysis) formosana: Bischoff 1913: 45 (Taiwan, cat.); Mocsáry 1913b: 614 (Taiwan: Takao [= Kaohsiung], Kankau, tax.), 619 (Taiwan, cat.)). Uchida 1927: 151 (Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1933: 3 (Taiwan, cat.); Tsuneki 1970b: 10 (tax.), 11 (Taiwan: Chantou, Tsukeng, Penpuchi, Jihjuetan, Chulu, Chichpenchi, Ssuchungchi, Manchou, Fanshanlu, Kentin, Uluampi, descr.), 12 (comp. notes, figs 27–29).

Chrysis (Trichrysis) sauteri Mocsáry, 1913b: 614 (Taiwan, cat.); Mocsáry, 1913c: 289 (Taiwan, cat.); Uchida 1927: 151 (Taiwan, cat.); Tsuneki 1970b: 13 (Taiwan, tax.).

Chrysis (Trichrysis) tonkinensis Mocsáry, 1914: 25. Holotype ♀ [not ♂], Viet Nam: Tonkin (25 (descr.), depository: HNHM)* (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 574).

Chrysis (Trichrysis) tonkinensis var. cyanescens Mocsáry, 1914: 26. Holotype ♀, China: Poo Chow [= Fujian] (26 (descr.), depository: BMNH) (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 574).

Chrysis (Trichrysis) bicarinata Tsuneki, 1950: 69. Holotype ♀, Hong Kong (69 (descr.), depository: 70 (comp. notes), EIHU) (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 574).

Chrysis (Trichrysis) tonkinensis: Linsenmaier 1959: 169 (China, tax., descr.); Tsuneki 1961: 374 (Hong Kong, tax., descr., figs 19–21).

Trichrysis triacantha: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 573 (Oriental: widespread, cat.); Terayama et al. 2010: 4 (fig.), 9 (Taiwan, cat.), 12 (tab., biol).

Distribution

China (Fujian, Taiwan, Hong Kong). Widely distributed in the Oriental Region (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

187. Trichrysis trigona (Mocsáry, 1889)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Chrysis_trigona

Plate 66

Chrysis (Trichrysis) trigona Mocsáry, 1889: 327. Holotype ♀, Celebes: Bonthain (327 (descr.), depository: HNHM)*.

Trichrysis trigona: Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 574 (Hong Kong, cat.).

Distribution

China (Hong Kong). Indonesia, Laos (Kimsey and Bohart 1991).

Subfamily Parnopinae

23. Genus Parnopes Latreille, 1797

188. Parnopes popovi Eversmann, 1857

http://species-id.net/wiki/Parnopes_popovi

Parnopes popovi Eversmann, 1857: 567. Holotype ♀, Siberia (567 (descr.), depository: ISEA-PAS)*.

Parnopes sinensis Smith, 1874b: 454. Holotype ♂, China: Shanghai (454 (descr.), depository: BMNH) (synonymised by Mocsáry 1889).

Parnopes popovii (!): Mocsáry 1889: 614 (China: Shanghai, Tschifu, Ta-tschian-sy, descr., distr.); Dalla Torre 1892: 112 (China, cat.).

Parnopes popovi: du Buysson (in André) 1896: 689 (China septentrionalis [Shandong]: Tschi-fu, cat.); Tsuneki 1953a: 58 (Manchuria [Heilongjiang]: Harbin, Yayasaka, cat., distr.); Tsuneki 1953b: 24 (North China, Manchuria, tax.); Kimsey 1987a: 86 (key), 89 (cat.); Kimsey and Bohart 1991; Kurzenko and Lelej 2007: 1005 (China, cat.).

Material examined

1 ex., Imian Station, along the East Chinese railway, 18.VII.1914 (ZIN).

Distribution

China (Heilongjiang, Shanghai, Shandong). Siberia and Korea (Tsuneki 1953b).

Plates

Plate 1.

Cleptes mandsuricus Móczár, holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C head and anterior part of mesosoma, dorsal view D mesopleuron, lateral view E mesosoma, dorsal view F metasoma, dorsal view.

Plate 2.

Cleptes sjostedti Hammer, holotype. A Habitus, dorso-lateral view B head, frontal view C head and anterior part of mesosoma, dorsal view D mesopleuron, lateral view E mesonotum, metanotum and propodeum, dorsal view F metasoma, dorsal view.

Plate 3.

Elampus albipennis (Mocsáry), lectotype. A Habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, frontal view D mesosoma, posterior view.

Plate 4.

Elampus coeruleus Dahlbom, syntype, habitus, dorsal view.

Plate 5.

Elampus schmidtianus (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij), holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C habitus, lateral view D third metasomal tergite, posterior view.

Plate 6.

Hedychridium coriaceum (Dahlbom), lectotype, head and mesosoma, dorsal view.

Plate 7.

Hedychridium cupreum (Dahlbom), lectotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B metanotum, propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view.

Plate 8.

Hedychridium flos (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij), holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C habitus, lateral view D metasoma, dorsal view.

Plate 9.

Hedychridium roborovskii Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, lateral view D mesosoma, dorsal view.

Plate 10.

Hedychrum formosanum Mocsáry, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorso-lateral view.

Plate 11.

Hedychrum marianum Mocsáry, lectotype. A Head and mesosoma, dorsal view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, lateral view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorso-lateral view.

Plate 12.

Hedychrum gracile Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, holotype. A Head and mesosoma, lateral view B propodeum and metasoma, lateral view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D metanotum, propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view E head, frontal view F mesosoma, margin of the last visible sternite, ventral view.

Plate 13.

Hedychrum longicolle Abeille, lectotype, habitus, dorsal view.

Plate 14.

Hedychrum niemelai Linsenmaier, habitus, dorsal view. A Holotype female B, C paratypes, males.

Plate 15.

Hedychrum simile Mocsáry, lectotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.

Plate 16.

Hedychrum sinicum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.

Plate 17.

Omalus aeneus (Fabricius), holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 18.

Ellampus sauteri Mocsáry, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D metasoma, dorsal view.

Plate 19.

Omalus berezovskii (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij), holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, posterior view.

Plate 20.

Omalus imbecillus (Mocsáry), lectotype. A Habitus, lateral view B second and third metasomal tergites, dorso-lateral view.

Plate 21.

Omalus potanini (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij), paralectotype (?). A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, posterior view.

Plate 22.

Philoctetes heros (Semenow), holotype. A Head, mesosoma and anterior part of metasoma, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, posterior view.

Plate 23.

Philoctetes horvathi (Mocsáry), lectotype. A Habitus, lateral view B mesosoma, dorsal view.

Plate 24.

Philoctetes mordvilkoi (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij), holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.

Plate 25.

Philoctetes praeteritorum (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij), holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B mesopleuron and propodeum, dorso-lateral view.

Plate 26.

Pseudomalus triangulifer (Abeille), lectotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, lateral view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorso-lateral view.

Plate 27.

Pseudomalus tshingiz (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij), holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C metasoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, posterior view.

Plate 28.

Chrysis aegle Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C habitus, dorsal view D metasoma, dorsal view.

Plate 29.

Chrysis buda Bohart, 1991, holotype. A Head and mesosoma, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 30.

Chrysis buddhae Mocsáry, lectotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, lateral view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 31.

Chrysis carnifex Mocsáry, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 32.

Chrysis cavaleriei (du Buysson), holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view (photos courtesy of Pekka Malinen).

Plate 33.

Chrysidea insulicola Mocsáry, holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C habitus, lateral view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorso-lateral view.

Plate 34.

Chrysis chinensis Mocsáry, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D first and second metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 35.

Chrysis chrysochlora Mocsáry, lectotype (given as holotype in the picture). A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 36.

Chrysis consobrina Mocsáry, lectotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 37.

Chrysis durga Bingham, lectotype. A Head and mesosoma, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 38.

Chrysis gracilenta Mocsáry, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, frontal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 39.

Chrysis grumorum Semenow, holotype. A Head and mesosoma, dorsal view B metasoma, dorsal view C head and mesosoma, lateral view D metasoma lateral view E third metasomal tergite, dorsal view F head, frontal view.

Plate 40.

Chrysis hoozana Mocsáry, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, lateral view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 41.

Chrysis hyacinthus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, holotype. A Head and mesosoma, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 42.

Chrysis illecebrosa Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, holotype. A Head and mesosoma, dorsal view B head, frontal view C metasoma, lateral view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 43.

Chrysis schenklingi Mocsáry, lectotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 44.

Chrysis kokuevi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, holotype. A Head and mesosoma, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and metasoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.

Plate 45.

Chrysis kozlovi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, holotype. A Head and mesosoma, dorsal view B head, frontal view C third metasomal tergite, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorso-lateral view.

Plate 46.

Chrysis kukunorensis Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and metasoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 47.

Chrysis lama Mocsáry, lectotype. A Head and mesosoma, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma and metasoma lateral view D metasoma, dorsal view.

Plate 48.

Chrysis mane Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, lectotype. A Head and mesosoma, dorsal view B head, frontal view C metasoma lateral view D third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.

Plate 49.

Chrysis matutina Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, holotype. A Head and mesosoma, lateral view B head, frontal view C Head and mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 50.

Chrysis mongoliana Bohart, 1991, holotype. A Head, mesosoma and anterior part of metasoma, lateral view B head, frontal view C head, mesosoma and anterior part of metasoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 51.

Chrysis assamensis Mocsáry, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 52.

Chrysis pleskei Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, lectotype. A Head and mesosoma, lateral view B head, frontal view C Head and mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 53.

Chrysis schalfeewi Semenow, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.

Plate 54.

Chrysis strauchi Semenow, holotype. A Head and mesosoma, dorsal view B head, frontal view C metasoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 55.

Chrysis taihorina Mocsáry, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.

Plate 56.

Chrysis talitha Mocsáry, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, lateral view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 57.

Chrysis tibetana Mocsáry, paralectotype. A Head and mesosoma, lateral view B head, frontal view C metasoma, lateral view D third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.

Plate 58.

Chrysis vicaria Mocsáry, lectotype, habitus, dorsal view.

Plate 59.

Euchroeus mongolicus Tsuneki, paratypes, habitus, dorsal view. A, B Males, dorsal view C, D females, dorsal view.

Plate 60.

Euchroeus orientis (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij), lectotype. A Head and mesosoma, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D metasoma, dorsal view.

Plate 61.

Euchroeus orientis (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij), paralectotype, female. A Head and mesosoma, lateral view B head, frontal view C head and mesosoma, dorsal view D first and second metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 62.

Chrysis lachesis Mocsáry, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D third metasomal tergite, dorsal view.

Plate 63.

Praestochrysis ribbei (Mocsáry, 1889), lectotype. A Head and mesosoma, dorsal view B metasoma, lateral view C second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view D head, frontal view.

Plate 64.

Trichrysis lusca (Fabricius), holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

Plate 65.

Trichrysis secernenda (Mocsáry), lectotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B habitus, lateral view.

Plate 66.

Trichrysis trigona (Mocsáry), holotype. A Habitus, dorsal view B head, frontal view C habitus, lateral view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorsal view.

II. Taxa to be excluded from China

1. Chrysis coerulans Fabricius, 1804

Remarks.

Radoszkovsky (1866) identified two specimens as Chrysis coerulans Fabricius, but it is a misidentification, as C. coerulans is a Nearctic species (currently Chrysis nitidula Fabricius, 1775). Radoszkovski was not sure about his identification: “J’ai placé cette espèce sous le nom de coerulans; quoique plus rapprochée par la couleur de cette dernière espèce, elle ressemble en même temps par sa forme à la chrysis nitidula”. Dalla Torre (1892, sub caerulans Fabr.) reported the same datum for China.

2. Chrysis syriaca Guérin-Méneville, 1842

Remarks.

Bischoff (1913: 51) erroneusly listed C. nomima du Buysson (currently C. syriaca) as being from China, rather than from Algeria and Egypt.

3. Holopyga gloriosa viridis Guérin-Méneville, 1842

Remarks.

Holopyga viridis is present from North Africa to Palestine (Linsenmaier 1959, 1999) with records also found further west towards Oman (Linsenmaier 1994). Its appearance in China is dubius and the specimens identified by Tsuneki (1947, 1948a) must be double-checked.

III. Doubtful taxa mentioned in China

1. Cleptes nitidulus (Fabricius, 1793)

Remarks.

The report of C. nitidulus in the east Palaearctic (Uchida 1926) was considered debatable by Ha et al. (2011). Therefore, C. nitidulus is temporarily excluded from the checklist of the Chinese Cleptes.

2. Cleptes semiauratus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Remarks.

As in the previous case, Sheng et al. (1998) reported C. semiauratus as a new record to China. After examining the specimens, Wei et al. (2013) discovered that the specimen evidently belonged to an undescribed species (C. shengi Wei, Rosa and Xu, 2013). However C. semiauratus may be present in the most western part of the country.

3. Hedychrum coerulescens Shuckard, 1837

Remarks.

Tsuneki (1946, 1947, 1948a) listed Hedychrum coerulescens Schuckard, 1837 nec Lepeletier, 1806, nec Chevrier, 1862. The occurence of this species in China is surely in error. Tsuneki based the identification on a very short diagnosis of two specimens housed in BMNH without locality labels. At present these species cannot be recognized and the description is not adequate to identify the species. Furthermore, the name Hedychrum coerulescens Schuckard is a primary junior homonym of Hedychrum coerulescens Lepeletier, 1806 (currently Pseudomalus violaceus (Scopoli, 1763)).

4. Holopyga amoenula amoenula Dahlbom, 1854

Remarks.

The presence of Holopyga amoenula amoenula Dahlbom, 1854 (sub H. gloriosa amoenula in du Buysson (1911) and Tsuneki (1948a)) is restricted to the island of Rhodes. The Chinese records identified by du Buysson and Tsuneki must be double-checked so as to confirm their identity.

5. Loboscelidia defecta Kieffer, 1916

Remarks.

It was listed from south China by Kimsey and Bohart (1991), but was recently excluded from the Chinese fauna by Kimsey (2012).

6. Pseudomalus bergi (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932)

Remarks.

Kimsey and Bohart (1991) mistakenly listed bergi as having originally described from China, but the correct locality is “Prov. Heptapotamica (Semiretshj’e); vallis fl. Kora in montibus Alatau Dzungarico”. “Dzungarian Alatau” is a mountain range found along the boundary between Dzungaria (China) and Zhetysu (Kazakhstan), however the Kora river is located within the former Soviet country. Regardless, the species may be present in China too.

7. Pseudomalus pusillus (Fabricius, 1804)

Remarks.

Listed in China by Berland and Bernard (1938: 35, Shanxi: Nan-chan) and by Balthasar (1954) without any precise locality.

Conclusion

The current number of known Chinese chrysidid species and subspecies is 188 in total. We excluded some published yet doubtful data due to uncertain identifications. Overall, the Chinese chrysidid fauna is still poorly known, comparing with the fauna of the adjacent countries both in the Palearctic Region (e.g. Korea, Mongolia, Far East Russia, Tajikistan) and the Oriental Region (e.g. Burma, Vietnam). We expect a higher number of taxa for China as results of its geographical position, climatic condition and topographical structure.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the following curators for their cooperation and assistance in the study of the type material: Dr. Marco Bernasconi (NMLS, Switzerland); Dr. Roy Danielsson (LZM, Sweden); Dr. Frank Koch (MNHU, Germany); Dr. Bernard Merz (MHNG, Switzerland); Dr. Luca Picciau (MRSN, Italy); Dr. Roberto Poggi (MSNG, Italy); Dr. Fabrizio Rigato (MSNM, Italy); Dr. Zoltán Vas (HNHM, Hungary); Dr. Hege Vårdal (NHRS, Sweden); Dr. Lars Bjørn Vilhelmsen (ZMU, Denmark); Dr. Bogdan Wiśniowski, Dr. Daniel Kubisz and Dr. Dawid Moroń (ISEA-PAS, Poland); Dr. Herbert Zettel and Dr. Dominique Zimmermann (NHMW, Austria); Dr. Sergey Belokobylskij (ZIN, Russia). We are also grateful to Jessica Ordman (Rome) for the English proofreading, Dr. Toshiharu Mita (Kumamoto, Japan) for translations of some Japanese articles, Dr. Katerina Martinova (Kiev, Ukraine) and Dr. Liubov Fedorova for translations of some Russian articles, and Dr. Pekka Malinen (Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland) for the pictures of Chrysis cavaleriei (du Buysson). Special thanks to two anonymous reviewers and subject editor Dr. Michael Engel for their valuable suggestions to improve the mauscript.

The study was partly supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2013CB127600) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30770265).

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1† Deceased