Curculio flavipes Fabricius, 1775: 133.

Location. Habitat frequens primo vere locis apricis calidioribus.

Comments. This nominal species has been currently placed in synonymy of Apion varipes Germar, 1817 or another member of genus Protapion Schilsky, 1908. Schilsky (1901, 1902) studied the single specimen and identified it as A. varipes. However, he failed to give precedence to the Fabrician name, perhaps in the erroneous belief that Curculio flavipes DeGeer, 1775 (now in Polydrusus) has precedence. For the time being, it has been impossible to date DeGeer’s (1775) work and a date of 31^st December 1775 is to be assumed for it (Art. 21.3.2), whereas Fabricius’s (1775) tome has been dated as of 30^th April 1775 (Evenhuis 1997). However, the nominal species Apion varipes has been in constant use since its original publication (while the Fabrician one has been considered in synonymy of different species), and I therefore reverse their precedence under Arts. 23.9.1 and 23.9.2 of the Code.

Zimsen (1964) recorded the presence of one specimen in the “Kiel collection”. It carries an identification label as Apion varipes Germ. by Schilsky, who mentioned the characteristic apically curved front tibiae of the males of this species. The specimen is in a very poor state now, lacking the head, pronotum and elytra. Examination of the remaining parts supports the identification made by Schilsky, which is here considered correct because of the coloration of the mid and hind trochanters and tibiae, and the apex of penis not recurved in side view and slightly rounded-subtruncate in dorsal view. I designate this specimen as the lectotype and have added a white label with red margins and black writing: LECTOTYPUS / Curculio flavipes F. / Alonso-Zarazaga des. / 2014.

Present status. A nomen oblitum and a synonym of Protapion varipes (Germar, 1817), nomen protectum. The reversal of precedence is here made in accordance with Art. 23.9.2 by stating that, to my knowledge, Curculio flavipes Fabricius, 1775 (and its combinations) meet the requirements of Art. 23.9.1.1 and Apion varipes Germar, 1817 (and its combinations) meet those of Art. 23.9.1.2, quoting the following references: Abbazzi and Maggini 2009; Alonso-Zarazaga 1990; Alonso-Zarazaga 2011b; Braunert 2006; Cholokava 2008; Giovanleonardo and Osella 2001; Gønget 1997; Gurrea Sanz and Pérez Barroeta 1994; Hayat et al. 2002; Heijerman and Alders 2010; Khrolinskij 1965; Kocs 2010; Korotyaev et al. 1993; Mazur 2002; Merkl 2008; Morris 2003; Podlussány 1996; Scherf 1964; Schneider and Gruschwitz 2004; Sergeev 1977; Silfverberg 2004; Solodovnikova 1969; Ter-Minasian 1972; Wanat 2001; Zimsen 1964.

Curculio sticticus Fabricius, 1777: 227

Location. Habitat ad Cap. B. Spei.

Comments. This nominal species has been treated subsequently by Fabricius (1781: 191), Olivier (1791: 541), Fabricius (1792: 473, repeating the original description), Herbst (1795: 506), Fabricius (1802: 531) and Thunberg (1813: 382).

Zimsen (1964) stated the specimens are missing, which I can corroborate. However, in the ZMUC General Collection there is an old specimen labelled Curculio sticticus, which is not a type and belongs to Nerthops guttatus (Olivier, 1807), a most plausible identification, as it could have been compared to some syntype. I hereby designate this specimen as the neotype of this species and have added a handwritten red label: NEOTYPUS / Curculio / sticticus F. / Alonso-Z. 2008. The specimen is pinned through the fore half of the right elytron by a very fine needle, lacks the left fore leg from the middle of the femur and the whole left middle leg, but otherwise it is in a good state of preservation. It carries an old, whitish handwritten label: ff. [H?] stictica (underlined) / Cap. b. Spei. It is a small female, ca. 4 mm in length, with well separated dorsal patches, contrary to the original description, which mentions a pre-apical fascia, formed by the conjunction of several patches, as can be seen in some other specimens of this species. This neotypification is made here to fix the uncertainty about the use of C. sticticus, for taxonomic purposes (Art. 75.1).

Present status. This species is here accordingly transferred to the genus Nerthops Schoenherr, 1826, as Nerthops sticticus (Fabricius, 1777), comb. n. Nerthops guttatus (Olivier, 1807) is a new synonym of the former. The latter name has been used in the last 50 years only in a few catalogues, and does not qualify as a nomen protectum under Art. 23.9.2.

Curculio scalaris Fabricius, 1777: 228

Location. Habitat ad Cap. Bon. Spei. Dr. Schulz.

Comments. This nominal species was subsequently mentioned by Olivier (1790: 183) and by Herbst (1797: 87). Haaf (1957b: 552) treated Brachycerus scalaris (Fabricius) as a species unknown to him, while stating correctly that the types are in the Museum of Copenhagen. He cited Olivier’s treatment of Brachycerus scalaris as a misidentification in synonymy of B. obesus (Fabricius, 1775), following Schoenherr’s (1833b: 391) opinion.

I have found two syntypes in the “Kiel collection”, thus corroborating Zimsen’s (1964) statement. One carries a red label with TYPE printed on it, and a white label, partly printed and partly handwritten: Brachycerus / obesus F. / det. E. Haaf 1957. The other has a similar white label, only the determination date is 1960. I have compared them again with the single type specimen of Curculio obesus Fabricius, 1775 and found all three to be conspecific. The single type specimen of C. obesus also carries an identification label by Haaf dated 1960. It seems that Haaf checked these specimens after the publication of his monograph, but he never published any correction, as far as I know. I designate the first mentioned specimen as the lectotype and have added a white label with red margins and black writing: LECTOTYPUS / Curculio scalaris F. / Alonso-Zarazaga des. / 2014. The second specimen is a paralectotype and has a similar label.

Present status. This species is a new synonym of Brachycerus obesus (Fabricius, 1775). Olivier’s treatment is neither a different taxon nor a misidentification, just a transfer of the Fabrician species to the genus Brachycerus Olivier, 1789.

Rhinomacer curculioides Fabricius, 1781: 199

Location. Habitat in Italia. Dr. Allioni.

Comments. This nominal species was later treated by Fabricius (1802: 428), who established the synonymy with Mycterus griseus [Clairville], 1798, and Curculio rhinomacer Paykull, 1792.

Zimsen (1964) reported four specimens in the “Kiel collection” and one in the “Copenhagen collection”. I have been able to study all five, which are to be considered syntypes. The “Copenhagen collection” specimen carries a label: Fabricius ded[it] / Mus. S. & T. L. / Rhinomacer / curculiono_ / des Fabr. All these specimens belong to the genus Mycterus [Clairville], 1798. Lectotypification should be made by a specialist in the group.

Present status. This is the species currently known as Mycterus curculioides (Fabricius, 1781) (Mycteridae).

Curculio mali Fabricius, 1782: 499

Location. Habitat Lipsiae. Dom. Prof. Leske.

Comments. This nominal species was subsequently treated by Fabricius (1792: 487), who indicated a synonymy with Curculio padi Bonsdorff, 1785 (a synonym of Phyllobius pyri (Linnaeus, 1758)) and by Herbst (1795: 261), Fabricius (1802: 542) and Olivier (1807: 415). Billberg (1820: 45) transferred it to the genus Polydrusus.

Zimsen (1964) reported the presence of two specimens in the “Kiel collection”, which I have studied. One belongs to Polydrusus (Metallites) marginatus Stephens, 1831, but it has a more modern green label with this correct name and does not match the original description, thus it is here deemed not to belong to the type series. The other belongs to Phyllobius oblongus (Linnaeus, 1758) (phenotype with dark elytra: ab. floricola Herbst, 1784) and matches the description, and I here designate it as the lectotype and have added a handwritten red label: LECTOTYPUS / Curculio / mali F./ Alonso-Z. 2008.

Present status. Curculio mali is a new synonym of Phyllobius oblongus (Linnaeus, 1758).

Bruchus undatus Fabricius, 1787a: 41

Location. Habitat in Africae floribus Dom. Vahl.

Comments. The description reads: “B. niger elytris fuscis: strigis undatis albis. Corpus medium, nigrum, immaculatum. Elytra laevia, fusca strigis tribus aut quatuor undatis fuscis.” Manuel (1797: 606) placed the species in the genus Macrocephalus Olivier, 1789 (Anthribidae), an invalid homonym, currently in synonymy of Platystomos Schneider, 1791.

Zimsen (1964) reported the presence of one specimen in the “Copenhagen collection” and of another in the “Kiel collection”. I have checked both. They each carry a label with the name Tritoma undatum and they are neither chrysomeloids nor curculionoids. The placement suggested by the labels seems to be a good approximation.

Present status. Apparently a member of Cucujoidea, probably in Erotylidae, that should be studied by a specialist. The species is not included in the recent volumes of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera.

Curculio flavescens Fabricius, 1787a: 112

Location. Habitat in America meridionali Dom. Schreber [error, Wibmer and O’Brien 1986: 22]. A Western Palaearctic species.

Comments. This nominal species was later discussed by Olivier (1791: 528), Fabricius (1792: 454), Herbst (1795: 135) and Fabricius (1802: 512). Billberg (1820: 45) transferred it to Brachyrhinus and Schoenherr (1826: 54) to Chlorophanus, adopting, however, Herbst as author of the species. Schoenherr (in Ménétriés 1832: 214) described Chlorophanus graminicola and placed Curculio flavescens Herbst as a synonym of it, a fact reflected in the treatment given to the species by Günther and Zumpt (1933: 70). Thus the synonymy has been known for a long time.

Zimsen (1964) recorded one specimen in the “Kiel collection”, which is a male of the species usually known as Chlorophanus graminicola, pinned, in a good general condition, but lacking the fore right tarsus, the onychium of the mid right tarsus and that of the hind left tarsus. I here designate it as the lectotype and have placed a red handwritten label: LECTOTYPUS / Curculio / flavescens F./ Alonso-Z. 2008, on its pin.

Present status. A senior synonym of Chlorophanus graminicola Schoenherr, 1832. The nominal species Chlorophanus graminicola Gyllenhal, 1834 is a homonym and synonym of the former (synonymy by Schoenherr 1840b: 429). To my knowledge, Schoenherr’s name does not meet the requirements of Art. 23.9.2 to be declared a nomen protectum, so the correct name is Chlorophanus flavescens (Fabricius, 1787). This name has already been used as valid by Ren et al. (2013).

Curculio fulvirostris Fabricius, 1787b: 381

Location. Habitat in Scania Dom. de Paykull.

Comments. This nominal species was later treated by Fabricius (1792: 377) as a synonym of his Curculio planirostris Fabricius, 1787, when he transferred the latter to the genus Anthribus. Paykull (1800: 167) transferred C. fulvirostris to the genus Anthribus, and synonymized A. planirostris under it.

Zimsen (1964) did not mention any type specimen and I have been unable to identify any either, probably because they are merged with the type material of Curculio planirostris Fabricius, 1787. This name is an invalid primary homonym of Curculio planirostris Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783 [a synonym of Tropideres albirostris (Schaller, 1783)].

Present status. A species belonging to Salpingidae. Salpingus planirostris, being an invalid primary homonym, has been incorrectly used as valid by Pollock and Löbl (2008). The correct name for this species is Salpingus fulvirostris (Fabricius, 1787).

Bruchus rufipes Fabricius, 1792: 373

Location. Habitat Parisiis. Mus. Dom. Bosc.

Comments. The original description reads “Bruchus rufipes Oliv. Ins. tab. fig.”, so there is at least some doubt whether this is to be considered a different nominal species from Bruchus rufipes Olivier, 1790. This corroborates my suspicion that the figs of Olivier’s Entomologie (at least those for the weevils) were available with names before 1792 and used by Fabricius. The Fabrician “species” was synonymized by Germar (1819: 119) with Anthribus sericeus Fabricius, 1802 and placed in Bruchela by Dejean (1821: 78).

Zimsen (1964) did not treat this “species”, supporting my assessment that it is to be treated just as a later use of Olivier’s. Wolfrum (1929) also treated it as such.

Present status. A later use of Bruchus rufipes Olivier, 1790 (now in Bruchela Dejean, 1821), not a different nominal species.

Brachycerus uva Fabricius, 1792: 383

Location. Habitat ad Cap. Bon. Spei Dom. de Paykull.

Comments. This nominal species was later treated by Herbst (1797: 86), Fabricius (1802: 416), Thunberg (1813: 397) (who synonymized it with his Brachycerus uva Thunberg, 1799), and Billberg (1820: 39). Schoenherr (1833: 402) treated all the descriptions and previous uses of B. uva and Curculio uva Sparrman, 1785 as a single entity, with a description by Gyllenhal. However, Schoenherr (1840a: 673) later determined that his previous treatment of B. uva and its former synonyms involved different species and he named his own 1833 species as Brachycerus racemus Gyllenhal, 1840 and the Thunbergian species as Brachycerus labrusca Gyllenhal, 1840, keeping the name B. uva for the Fabrician species, which included the synonym C. uva Sparrman. However, Haaf (1957a: 119) did not consider Fabricius’ species a different nominal species from that of Sparrman, even if in the original description the latter is not mentioned as the source for either the name or the material, which was credited to Paykull.

Zimsen (1964) mentioned one specimen being in the “Kiel collection”. This specimen is a black, small (ca. 7.5 mm) Brachycerus that cannot be identified with any of the species included in Haaf’s (1957b) keys. It is close to the group of species related to Brachycerus uva (Sparrman, 1785) by the characters of the head and rostrum, however it differs from the species in this group by the absence of the characteristic patches of elongate yellow scales. In addition, it differs from B. uva (Sparrman) by the interstriae 3 and 5 being more prominently tuberculate than the others, which have almost obsolete tubercles, and the outer distal angle of fore and mid tibiae strongly prominent, knife-like. I have compared this specimen with representatives of the other species in the Copenhagen museum collection. I here designate this specimen as the lectotype and have placed a red, handwritten label: LECTOTYPUS / Brachycerus / uva F. / Alonso-Z. 2008, on its pin.

Present status. Being apparently a valid species, the name Brachycerus uva Fabricius, 1792 is a new homonym of that of Sparrman’s species, and is here replaced with Brachycerus fabricii Alonso-Zarazaga, nom. n.

Curculio caninus Fabricius, 1792: 467

Location. Habitat in Germania Dom. Smidt.

Comments. This nominal species was subsequently treated by Herbst (1795: 496), Paykull (1800: 308) (who considered it to be a ‘variety’ of Curculio lineatus Linnaeus, 1758), Fabricius (1802: 524), Germar (1824: 416) (also as a ‘variety’ of Sitona lineatus) and Schoenherr (1826: 135) (who combined it with the genus Sitona as a valid species). However, Schoenherr (1834a: 110) placed it as a ‘variety’ of Sitona lineatus and Emden and Emden (1939) placed it in synonymy of Sitona flavescens (Marsham, 1802), with doubt.

According to Zimsen (1964) there are four specimens in the “Kiel collection”, which I have studied. Three of these belong to S. lineatus and one to S. obsoletus (Gmelin, 1790). Of the three S. lineatus specimens, one has a rather uniform yellowish brown, non-banded scaling and is here designated as the lectotype, as it closely matches the original description, except for the antennae not being black (an illusory character, as it often occurs in Fabricius’ descriptions), which in any case no other specimen has. The two other specimens are heavily banded and do not match the original description, and they are here deemed not to belong to the type series. The specimen of S. obsoletus has also a similar yellowish brown, non-banded scaly pattern and is considered to be a paralectotype. I have added handwritten red labels to each specimen as follows: lectotype, LECTOTYPUS / Curculio / caninus F./ Alonso-Z. 2008; paralectotype, similar, except for PARALECTOTYPUS. I have also added white identification labels.

Present status. The lectotype designation is made to avoid nomenclatural changes. Thus, this nominal species is confirmed as a synonym of Sitona lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758), as it has been recently treated by Velázquez de Castro (2013).

Figs 1–3

Curculio glandifer Fabricius, 1792: 483

Location. Habitat ad Cap. Bon. spei Mus. Dom. Lund.

Comments. This nominal species was subsequently treated by Herbst (1795: 511), Fabricius (1802: 537), Olivier (1807: 390), Thunberg (1813: 388) and Billberg (1820: 45), the last transferring it to his genus Hipporhis. Schoenherr (1833: 469) synonymized this species with Hipporhinus spiculosus Gyllenhal, 1833, with doubt. This doubtful placement was adopted by Schenkling and Marshall (1929).

Zimsen (1964) mentioned one specimen in the “Copenhagen collection”. I have studied it (ZMUC 00022544) and found it to be a male Bronchus pinned with a long, thin pin, in rather good state but lacking part of the right antenna and of the left front leg, and the whole left hind leg, and smeared with glue apparently used to stick the pronotum to the elytra. It carries a small, green, square label, a red label with TYPE printed and a handwritten label: Cap. bon. sp. / Mus. S. & T. L. / Glandifer / F. The specimen is similar to B. ferus (Gyllenhal, 1840) (comb. n.) using Marshall’s (1904) key, but it differs from this species by the more elongate body outline, the oblong pronotum with fewer and larger tubercles, the elytral tubercles being devoid of scales on the apical half and well separated, not fused by the bases into a continuous crest, those on interstria 2 starting level with front margin of the white band or a little behind it, the fore tibiae curved at the apical third, the rostrum with the lateral keels low, rounded, and the epistome continuous with the dorsum of rostrum, not separated from it by a V-shaped sulcus. I have used for comparison specimens of B. ferus identified by Marshall in the NHM collection. I designate this specimen as the lectotype and have added a white label with red margins and black writing: LECTOTYPUS / Curculio glandifer F. / Alonso-Zarazaga des. / 2014.

Present status. I consider that this is a valid species, Bronchus glandifer (Fabricius, 1792), comb. n., for the time being, until a modern revision may reveal its true affinities or identity.

Figures 1–6. 

Curculio glandifer Fabricius lectotype 1 Dorsal view 2 Lateral view 3 Labels Rhynchaenus granulatus Fabricius lectotype 4 Labels 5 Lateral view 6 Dorsal view.

Bruchus punctatus Fabricius, 1798: 158

Location. Habitat.

Comments. This species was subsequently treated only by Fabricius (1802: 397) and Schoenherr (1835: 153), who synonymized it with Nerthops guttatus, with doubt.

Zimsen (1964) reported the presence of two specimens in the “Kiel collection”, which I have been able to study. Both belong to the common species Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich, 1792). I have selected the small one (apparently a male) as the lectotype and added the following handwritten red label to its pin: LECTOTYPUS / Bruchus / punctatus F./ Alonso-Z. 2008, and the larger one (apparently a female) as paralectotype, with a similar label except for the word PARALECTOTYPUS. They carry also white identification labels.

Present status. This is a new synonym of Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich, 1792), and is removed from synonymy under Nerthops guttatus (Olivier, 1807) [erroneously as guttula in Klima (1935)]. Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal (1999: 80) used Bruchus punctatus as the valid name for the type species of Nerthops, following the synonymy given in Klima (1935), but this is incorrect. See the treatment of Curculio sticticus above for more information.

Anthribus roboris Fabricius, 1798: 161

Location. Habitat in Kiliae Robore.

Comments. In the original description, Fabricius (1798: 161) pointed out that this was the same as Attelabus ruficollis Linnnaeus sensu Herbst, 1784, which is the case.

Zimsen (1964) reported a single specimen in the “Kiel collection”, which I have studied. It is a rather immature specimen of Salpingus ruficollis (Linnaeus, 1761). Lectotypification should be made by a specialist in the group.

Present status. This nominal species is a synonym of Salpingus ruficollis (Linnaeus, 1761) in Salpingidae. The current synonymy (cf. Pollock and Löbl 2008) is thus confirmed.

Brachycerus cristatus Fabricius, 1798: 161

Location. Habitat ad Cap. Bon. spei Mus. Dom. Lund.

Comments. This species was subsequently mentioned by Thunberg (1813: 399) and Schoenherr (1833b: 441), who transferred it to the genus Sepidium Fabricius, 1775 and listed as its synonyms Tenebrio cristatus DeGeer, 1778, Brachycerus areolatus Thunberg, 1799 and Sepidium lacunosum Thunberg, 1787.

Zimsen (1964) mentioned one specimen in the “Copenhagen collection”. I have checked it and, pending confirmation by a specialist in Tenebrionidae, consider it to be a syntype, and the nominal species to be an overlooked synonym of Cyrtoderes cristatus (DeGeer, 1778). This species is not recorded in the Coleopterorum Catalogus [Gebien (1910) did not include the name Cyrtoderes but did include as valid the genus Phligra Laporte, 1840, a junior synonym of Cyrtoderes Dejean, 1834 (Bousquet and Bouchard 2013); if present the species name cristatus would have been included under this genus].

Present status. A new synonym and secondary homonym of Cyrtoderes cristatus (DeGeer, 1778) (Tenebrionidae).

Attelabus coeruleus Fabricius, 1798: 163

Location. Habitat in Germania Dom. Daldorff.

Comments. This nominal species was later treated by Schoenherr (1833a: 232) as a synonym of Rhynchites pauxillus Germar, 1824. Dalla Torre and Voss (1937) placed it as a synonym of Pselaphorhynchites tomentosus (Gyllenhal, 1839). Legalov (2002) transferred the species to the genus Temnocerus Thunberg, 1815, without explanation.

Zimsen (1964) mentioned one specimen in the “Kiel collection”. I have studied what remains of it, identified as a Temnocerus and designated as lectotype by Legalov (2007: 124); it lacks the head and pronotum, left elytron, apical half of the right elytron and the hind left leg. The remains do not allow verification of the identification made by Legalov, he did not state whether he saw the whole specimen or just these remains.

Present status. Considered by Alonso-Zarazaga (2011a) as a species in the genus Temnocerus, T. coeruleus (Fabricius, 1798) (fide Legalov). However, the species is not recognisable from its lectotype and a neotype should be designated if considered necessary.

Curculio moratus Fabricius, 1798: 171

Location. Habitat in Isle de France D. Billardiere

Comments. Later mentioned only by Fabricius (1802: 511).

Zimsen (1964) mentioned one specimen in the “Kiel collection”, which I have studied. It is a male of Brachyderes lusitanicus (Fabricius, 1781) in a very good state of preservation, pinned with a minuten pin and lacking the right antenna and the onychia of the right fore and hind tarsi. This specimen closely matches the original description, and I have selected it as the lectotype and added a red, handwritten label: LECTOTYPUS / Curculio / moratus F./ Alonso-Z. 2008 to its pin. Evidently the type locality given is a mistake, the species occurring in Spain, Portugal and western France.

Present status. Curculio moratus is a new synonym of Brachyderes lusitanicus (Fabricius, 1781).

Curculio denticornis Fabricius, 1798: 173

Location. Habitat ad Cap. Bon. spei Dom. Daldorff.

Comments. This nominal species has been later treated by Fabricius (1802: 539), who modified the provenance as: “Habitat in India orientali. Dom. Daldorff.”

Zimsen (1964) reported one specimen in the “Kiel collection”. This specimen (ZMUC 00022538) matches the original description and belongs in Hyperinae. It is pinned with a short, moderately thick, headless, somewhat bent pin to a piece of white plastic, which in turn is pinned with a long pin. The apical projection of the pedicel that gives its name to this species is an illusion. I have selected this specimen as the lectotype and placed the following red, handwritten label on its pin: LECTOTYPUS / Curculio / denticornis F./ Alonso-Z. 2008. It belongs to the genus Donus Jekel and is a normal specimen of D. salviae (Schrank, 1789). The original locality and the subsequent correction have to be erroneous, as this is a Southern European species and not known to have been artificially dispersed beyond its original range.

Present status. A junior synonym of Donus salviae (Schrank, 1789), syn. n.

Attelabus atrirostris Fabricius, 1802: 424

Location. Habitat in America meridionali D. Smidt. Mus. D. de Sehestedt.

Comments. This nominal species was transferred by Schoenherr (1833a: 271) to the genus Apion Herbst, 1797 and has remained in it since then as an incertae sedis species.

Zimsen (1964) mentioned three specimens in the “Copenhagen collection” (seen by Kuschel) and one in the “Kiel collection”. I have been able to study all four, which are conspecific and belong in the genus Coelocephalapion Wagner, 1914. Of the three “Copenhagen collection” specimens, which are glued to the apex of small triangular card pieces, pinned with thin, long pins, the first (ZMUC 00523238) carries a label reading: Essequibo / Smidt / Mus: do. Sehestedt / Attelabus / atrirostris. This specimen is a female with a tubiform shiny rostrum, lacking the right part of the hind body. The second (ZMUC 00523239) is a male and lacks the abdomen and left elytron. The third (ZMUC 00523240) consists only of a pronotum, a mesosternum and some legs. The “Kiel collection” specimen (ZMUC 00523288), pinned with a thin, short pin going through a plastic piece, in turn pinned with a long pin, is in a better condition (even if the elytra and abdomen are parted), with a short brown rostrum, all legs and antennae intact, yellow, the latter inserted at the very base of the rostrum, big eyes, a very wide prothorax and the apex of the elytra slightly yellowish. This specimen cannot be considered a syntype, as it is not in the Sehestedt Collection. From the three syntypes in the Sehestedt Collection, I have selected the female carrying the Essequibo label as the lectotype and added a white label with red margins and black writing: LECTOTYPUS / Attelabus atrirostris F. / Alonso-Zarazaga des. 2014. The two other specimens are designated as paralectotypes and have accordingly ben fitted with similar labels. The type locality is here restricted to Essequibo, according to the label of the lectotype.

Present status. This is a valid species, Coelocephalapion atrirostre (Fabricius, 1802), comb. n., and C. luteirostre (Gerstäcker, 1854) is a new synonym of it (syn. n.). The latter name cannot be declared a nomen protectum for want of enough citations in the literature.

Attelabus crotalariae Fabricius, 1802: 424

Location. Habitat in Crotalariae leguminibus Americae. Mus. D. Lund.

Comments. Schoenherr (1833: 251), based on specimens apparently from the type series in his collection, transferred this species to the genus Apion Herbst, 1797.

Zimsen (1964) reported two specimens in the “Copenhagen collection” and one in the “Kiel collection”. I have studied the “Kiel collection” specimen and five specimens in the “Copenhagen collection”, all belonging to the same species of Piezotrachelus and matching Fabricius’ description. One of the males of the latter series carries a label: Essequibo / Isart[?] / Mus.: T. Lund / Attelabus / Crotalariae, and another label with an unpublished 1989 lectotype designation by M. Wanat. I have removed the latter label after consulting with Wanat and I added a white label with red margins and black writing reading: LECTOTYPUS / Attelabus atrirostris F. / Alonso-Zarazaga des. 2014, to this male, which I here designate as the lectotype. The other syntype specimens have been provided with similar paralectotype labels.

Present status. A valid species, Piezotrachelus crotalariae (Fabricius, 1802), comb. n., whose origin is doubtful, as this genus is not known to occur in America, while it is very common in Africa, and I suspect that a mislabelling has happened.

Attelabus pisi Fabricius, 1802: 425

Location. Habitat in Austria. Dom. de Meyerle.

Comments. This is a well-known species, transferred to the genus Apius by Billberg (1820: 40), to Apion Herbst, 1797 by Schoenherr (1833a: 304) and to Holotrichapion by Alonso-Zarazaga (1990: 127).

According to Zimsen (1964) there is only a name label in the “Kiel collection”. I have confirmed this situation, and consequently no type material is available in Fabricius’ collection. Johann Carl Megerle von Mühlfeld’s collection in Vienna should be checked, as it is possible that Fabricius returned this material to him.

Present status. A valid species, Holotrichapion pisi (Fabricius, 1802), very common and rather variable. For the moment, there is no need to designate a neotype.

Figs 4–6

Rhynchaenus granulatus Fabricius, 1802: 443

Location. Habitat in Amboina. D. Billardiere.

Comment. This species has not been mentioned in the taxonomic literature since description.

Zimsen (1964) reported the presence of a single specimen in the “Kiel collection”. This specimen (ZMUC 00022539) is a male Cryptorhynchini with most of the metanapleural sutures absent, the metanepisterna being visible only as a small triangular piece corresponding to the apex, the metaventrite between middle and hind coxae as long as the mesocoxal diameter, the crypt hind wall weakly prominent, almost perpendicular to the mesoventrite, the elytra tuberculate, with two prominent tubercles on top of the declivity and two others at the apex, the femora edentate and not ventrally sulcate, not reaching the elytral apex, the scutellum minuscule, with a few punctures bearing small scales, the antennal clubs troncoconical, velvety, with slightly oblique sutures, the funicles comprising seven desmomeres, the first two very long, the second slightly shorter than the first, the seventh subannexed to the club and rather similarly velvety, and the intermetacoxal distance much larger than the metacoxal width. I select this specimen as the lectotype and have added a red, handwritten label: LECTOTYPUS / Rhynchaenus / granulatus F./ Alonso-Z. 2008.

Present status. All these characters compel me to place this species in the genus Poropterus Schoenherr, 1844, as Poropterus granulatus (Fabricius, 1802), comb. n. This genus and its allies are in great need of revision. There is no other species of this genus recorded from Ambon or its adjacent islands, and the original locality could be incorrect, as the expedition commanded by Antoine Reymond Joseph Bruny d’Entrecasteaux (in which Jacques-Julien Houtou de La Billardière was enrolled as a naturalist) touched Australian lands at several places (La Billardière 1800) and a mislabelling could have happened.

Rhynchaenus alienatus Fabricius, 1802: 471

Location. Habitat in Sumatra. D. Daldorff.

Comments. This species has not been treated since the original description.

Zimsen (1964) mentioned the presence of one specimen in the “Kiel collection”. I have studied it (ZMUC 00022542), it is pinned with a short, rather thick pin in a piece of white plastic, which is in turn pinned with a longer pin. I designate this specimen as the lectotype and have added a red, handwritten label: LECTOTYPUS / Rhynchaenus / alienatus F. / Alonso-Z. 2008. It belongs to the genus Camptorhinus Schoenherr, 1825, showing a dark, wide sutural patch from the scutellum to middle of the elytra and it corresponds closely with specimens identified as C. porcatus Fåhraeus in the NHM collections, a nominal species currently in synonymy of C. tibialis (Sparrman). Even though the genus Camptorhinus needs a thorough revision, I propose a new synonymy here.

Present status. A synonym of Camptorhinus tibialis (Sparrmann, 1785), syn. n.

Cossonus canaliculatus Fabricius, 1802: 496

Location. Habitat in Sumatra. D. Daldorff.

Comments. This species was mentioned later by Schoenherr (1826: 331; 1838: 1022).

Zimsen (1964) reported one specimen in the “Kiel collection” and two in the “Copenhagen collection”. I have seen all three, which are conspecific and belong to the genus Cossonus [Clairville], 1798 as usually understood. The “Kiel collection” specimen (ZMUC 00513702) is a male, pinned with a short, thick pin to a piece of plastic, which is pinned with a longer pin; the elytra are parted and it lacks the front left tibia and tarsus. The two “Copenhagen collection” specimens are males, glued to the apex of small triangular cards, but the elytra have big holes through which they were formerly pinned, in a similar way as the “Kiel collection” specimen, which cannot therefore be ruled out as a syntype. Specimen ZMUC 00513703 carries a small, green, square label and a written label: Sumatra / Daldorff / Mus. S. & T. L. / Cossonus / canalicula / tus Fabr. It is here designated as the lectotype, and I have added a white label with red margins and black writing to its pin: LECTOTYPUS / Cossonus canaliculatus / F. / Alonso-Zarazaga des. / 2014. The other specimen (ZMUC 00513704) has just the small green label. I have designated it and the “Kiel collection” specimen as paralectotypes, and added labels similar to that of the lectotype to their pins.

Cossonus canaliculatus (Fabricius, 1792) is an American species described as Curculio canaliculatus Fabricius, 1792 (l.c.: 471), which is a primary homonym of Curculio canaliculatus Olivier, 1791. It was correctly placed by Schoenherr (1838: 1030) as a synonym of Cossonus vulneratus Illiger, 1805, the reason for which was not clear to Champion (1909: 68), who apparently was unaware of the homonymy. The catalogues of O’Brien and Wibmer (1982: 222) and Wibmer and O’Brien (1986: 358) also used the incorrect name Cossonus canaliculatus (Fabricius, 1792). The name of the species treated here, Cossonus canaliculatus Fabricius, 1802, is thus a secondary homonym (because both species are now in the genus Cossonus) and cannot be used either. Csiki (1936: 166) used as its valid name Cossonus illigeri Champion, 1909 (a replacement name for Cossonus canaliculatus Fabricius, 1802), but the synonym Cossonus incisus Pascoe, 1885 has priority. These are to be considered provisional placements, as the genus Cossonus needs a comprehensive revision to establish its limits and contents. The synonymy is as follows:

Cossonus incisus Pascoe, 1885, stat. res.

= Cossonus canaliculatus Fabricius, 1802 (secondary homonym)

= Cossonus illigeri Champion, 1909 (replacement name)

Cossonus vulneratus Illiger, 1805, stat. res.

= Curculio canaliculatus Fabricius, 1792 (non Olivier, 1791)

Present status. A synonym of Cossonus incisus Pascoe, as shown above.

Curculio innocuus Fabricius, 1802: 512

Location. Habitat in Mogador. D. Schousboe. Mus. D. de Sehestedt.

Comments. This species was transferred by Schoenherr (1833b: 525) to his genus Cneorhinus, as var. β of Cneorhinus barcelonicus (Herbst, 1797).

Zimsen (1964) mentioned the presence of three specimens in the “Copenhagen collection”. I have examined them; each bears a small, green square and a red printed label with TYPE written on it. I have selected as lectotype the only female and added a red, handwritten label reading: LECTOTYPUS / Curculio / innocuus F. / Alonso-Z. 2008. This female carries a label reading: Mogador / Schousboe / Mus. Sehest. / Innocuus / Barcelonicus / Hbst. The two males are designated as paralectotypes and have been labelled accordingly. However, in the “Kiel collection” there is another specimen, which differs only in the claws being slightly more unequal. I do not consider it to belong to the type series, as this was composed only of specimens in Sehestedt’s collection.

Present status. A synonym of Cneorhinus barcelonicus (Herbst, 1797) as currently understood. The identity of this species nevertheless needs confirmation.

Curculio holosericeus Fabricius, 1802: 526

Location. Habitat in Austria. D. Scheidler.

Comments. This nominal species was considered identical by Germar (1824: 405) with Trachyphloeus ruficollis (Fabricius, 1787) (a primary junior homonym) and was transferred by Schoenherr (1826: 192) to the genus Omias Germar, 1817. Schoenherr (1834b: 504) later synonymized it with Omias rufipes Boheman, 1834 (now in Humeromima Podlussány, 1998). However, Dalla Torre et al. (1937) placed it as a doubtful synonym of Barypeithes indigens (Boheman, 1834) (now in Exomias Bedel, 1883). It was treated as a valid species by Borovec (2013a: 84) replacing Exomias indigens (Boheman, 1834), but as a nomen dubium on the next page (l.c.: 85) and in the main text (l.c.: 382), showing that the poor original description does not allow a precise placement.

Zimsen (1964) mentioned a single specimen in the “Kiel collection”. I have studied it and identified it as a specimen of Exomias chevrolati (Boheman, 1842) in poor condition, matching the original description, with the abdomen and part of the metasternum missing, all the legs lost, except the mid left one showing the characteristic femoral tooth, the rostrum also with a characteristic strong convexity, the elytra only with moderately erect setae in one row per interstria, no appressed scales or pubescence. I here designate it as the lectotype and have added a red, handwritten label reading: LECTOTYPUS / Curculio / holosericeus F. / Alonso-Z. 2008 and a white identification label.

Present status. This is a valid species, Exomias holosericeus (Fabricius, 1802), with Exomias chevrolati (Boheman, 1842) as its new synonym. This species, originally described from Austria, has nothing to do with Exomias indigens, which is a South-Western European species.

Curculio erinaceus Fabricius, 1802: 527

Location. Habitat in Austria. Dom. de Meyerle.

Comments.Billberg (1820: 44) was the first to propose a relationship of this species with the tribe Trachyphloeini, transferring the species to the genus Trachyphloeus Germar, 1817. Germar (1824: 412) suggested, with doubt, that it was a synonym of Thylacites hirsutulus (Fabricius, 1792), now in Brachysomus Schoenherr, 1823, whereas Schoenherr (1834b: 495) synonymized it with Trachyphloeus horrens Gyllenhal, 1834, also with doubt. Following the latter, Lona (1937) placed it in synonymy of Cathormiocerus horrens (Gyllenhal, 1834), with a question mark, and Borovec (2013b) recently placed it as a nomen dubium in the tribe Trachyphloeini.

Zimsen (1964) reported one specimen in the “Kiel collection” and two in the “Copenhagen collection”. The first, matching the original description, belongs to Brachysomus villosulus (Germar, 1824), having the scapes with the characteristic apical club of this species. I here designate it as the lectotype and have added a red, handwritten label reading: LECTOTYPUS / Curculio / erinaceus F. / Alonso-Z. 2008 and a white identification label. The two other specimens do not match the original description; both are males of Exomias holosericeus (cf. above), one carrying a label: Austria / Megerle / Mus. S. & T. L. / Erinaceus F. They are not considered to belong to the type series.

Present status. A valid species, Brachysomus erinaceus (Fabricius, 1802), comb. n., and a senior synonym of B. villosulus (Germar, 1824), syn. n. I have been unable to fulfil the requirements of Art. 23.9.1.2 to declare the latter name a nomen protectum.

Figs 7–9

Curculio recurvus Fabricius, 1802: 535.

Location. Habitat ad Cap. Bon. Spei. Mus. D. Lund.

Comments. This nominal species was transferred to the genus Hipporhinus Schoenherr, 1823 by Schoenherr (1840a: 753).

Zimsen (1964) recorded one specimen in the “Copenhagen collection”. I have studied it (ZMUC 00022545); it is pinned through the right elytron and carries a small, green, square label, a red printed label with TYPE and a whitish one reading: Cap: bon: sp: / Mus: S: & T. L. / Recurvus / F. It matches the original description, and I here designate it as the lectotype and have added the following red, handwritten label to ist pin: LECTOTYPUS / Curculio / recurvus F. / Alonso-Z. 2008. It is easily identifiable as Bronchus nivosus (Sparrman, 1785), comb. n., using Marshall’s (1904) key, and fits the description of the latter almost exactly. It is evidently not the same species treated as Hipporhinus recurvus by Marshall (1904), whose valid name is Bronchus sparrmani (Gyllenhal, 1833), comb. n. I have compared this specimen with specimens of both species identified by Marshall in the collection of the NHM (London).

Present status. A new synonym of Bronchus nivosus (Sparrman, 1785) in Marshall’s sense. The present problems with the identifications of the types of Bronchus make a modern revision of the genus necessary. Some of the characters used by Marshall in his keys, e.g., the “transverse basal furrow on the underside of rostrum” are highly variable among individuals of the same species, difficult to see and subject to different interpretations of the degree of depth, while other characters, e.g., the kind and disposition of vestiture on legs, are underused. The genitalia of both sexes have not been described.

Figures 7–12. 

Curculio recurvus Fabricius lectotype 7 Dorsal view 8 Lateral view 9 Labels Curculio spectrum Fabricius lectotype 10 Labels 11 Dorsal view 12 Lateral view.

Curculio striatus Fabricius, 1787a: 117.

Location. Habitat in Africa Dom. Vahl [restricted by Fabricius (1792) to Barbaria].

Comments. This nominal species has been treated subsequently by Olivier (1791: 539), Fabricius (1792: 470), Herbst (1795: 501) and Fabricius (1802: 528). It was recently treated as a nomen dubium in Curculionoidea by Alonso-Zarazaga (2013a). This name is a primary homonym of Curculio striatus O.F. Mueller, 1776, of C. striatus Strøm, 1783 and of C. striatus Herbst, 1783 and is consequently invalid.

According to Zimsen (1964), there is one specimen in the “Copenhagen collection”, which I have studied. It is labelled: Vahl / Mus. S. & T. L. / “Striata”. It is a specimen of Brachypera (Brachypera) crinita (Boheman, 1834). I have added a handwritten red label reading: LECTOTYPUS / Curculio / striatus / Alonso-Z. 2008, and an identification label to its pin, and I here designate this specimen as the lectotype.

Present status. A new synonym of Brachypera (Brachypera) crinita (Boheman, 1834).

Curculio planirostris Fabricius, 1787a: 119.

Location. Habitat Kiliae Dom. Daldorff.

Comments. This species was later treated by Fabricius (1792: 377), Manuel (1797: 606) (who transferred it to the genus Macrocephalus Olivier, 1789), Paykull (1800: 167) (who placed Curculio fulvirostris Fabricius, 1787 as its synonym) and Fabricius (1802: 410). It was transferred to the genus Rhinosimus Latreille, 1802 by Latreille (1802) and to the genus Salpingus Illiger, 1802 by Illiger (1802). Its name is a primary homonym of Curculio planirostris Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783, a junior synonym of Tropideres albirostris (Schaller, 1783) (Anthribidae).

Zimsen (1964) reported three specimens in the “Kiel collection”, which I have studied and identified as Salpingus planirostris in the usual sense. I have not selected a lectotype from among the syntypes, preferring to leave this task for a specialist in the family Salpingidae.

Present status. A junior homonym, and consequently invalid, in use as Salpingus planirostris (Fabricius, 1787). Authors in Salpingidae seem to be unaware of this irregularity (e.g., Pollock and Löbl 2008). The correct name for this species is Salpingus fulvirostris (Fabricius, 1787) (see under this species above).

Curculio tuberculatus Fabricius, 1792: 480.

Location. Habitat in India orientali Dom. Prof. Abildgard.

Comments. This nominal species is a primary homonym of Curculio tuberculatus O.F. Müller, 1776 (a hitherto unidentified species) and of C. tuberculatus DeGeer, 1778 (a synonym of Brachycerus obesus Olivier, 1790). This species has been subsequently treated by Herbst (1795: 510) and Fabricius (1802: 535) without adding any clue about its correct placement.

Zimsen (1964) mentioned the presence of one specimen in the “Kiel collection”, which I have studied. It (ZMUC 00022543) is pinned with a thick, very short headless pin, which is pinned to a plastic piece, and this in turn is pinned with a long pin. The specimen is in relatively good state, despite suffering from a strong internal Anthrenus attack, but lacks the front left tarsus, the front right onychium and the right hind leg. The elytra are divaricate. I here designate this specimen as the lectotype and have added a red, handwritten label reading: LECTOTYPUS / Curculio / tuberculatus F. / Alonso-Z. 2008. This specimen belongs to the typical form of Desmidophorus hebes (Fabricius, 1781).

Present status. A new synonym of Desmidophorus hebes (Fabricius, 1781).

Figs 10–12

Curculio spectrum Fabricius, 1802: 537.

Location. Habitat ad Cap.Bon.Spei. Mus. D. Lund.

Comments. This nominal species is a primary homonym of Curculio spectrum Fabricius, 1781 (now in Gyllenhalia Aurivillius, 1886). It was transferred to Hipporhinus by Schoenherr (1833b: 462) and subsequently treated by Marshall (1904) in his revision of the genus, now a synonym of Bronchus.

Zimsen (1964) mentioned one specimen in the “Copenhagen collection”, which I have studied. It (ZMUC 00022546) is a female Bronchus, pinned through the right elytron, carrying a small, green, square label, a red printed label with TYPE, and a label reading: Africa inte / rior “ 400 m / e Cap: b: Sp: / Paÿkul / Spectrum. It shows inter alia two teeth on each side of the hind margin of the 4^th sternite and a laterally compressed declivity of the elytra, belonging therefore to Bronchus abruptecostatus (Gyllenhal, 1833). I here designate it as lectotype and have added a red, handwritten label reading: LECTOTYPUS / Curculio / spectrum F. / Alonso-Z. 2008. The unfortunate misidentification by Marshall leaves Hipporhinus spectrum sensu Marshall without a name, and I am describing it below as a new species.

Present status. A new synonym of Bronchus abruptecostatus (Gyllenhal, 1833).