Research Article |
Corresponding author: Menglin Wang ( wangmenglin123@126.com ) Academic editor: Mike Wilson
© 2020 Menglin Wang, Thierry Bourgoin.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Wang M, Bourgoin T (2020) A new genus of the tribe Sarimini (Fulgoromorpha, Issidae) from the Guangxi Province of China. ZooKeys 912: 13-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.912.39589
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A new genus with a new species Eusarimissus hezhouensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. from Guangxi Province of China are described in the tribe Sarimini of the family Issidae. Molecular sequences of 18S, 28S and COXI genes are provided for the new taxon. Phylogenetic analysis places this taxon sister to a previously sequenced but not yet described Sarimini genus ‘Eusarima sp. 4’. Taxonomic notes are provided for the genus Eusarima Yang, 1994. The species Eusarima (Nepalius) iranica Gnezdilov & Mozaffarian, 2011 is transferred to the genus Sarima Melichar 1903.
Fulgoroidea, molecular, morphology, new combination, new taxa, oriental, planthopper
Without obvious morphological apomorphy, the tribe Sarimini Wang, Zhang & Bourgoin, 2016 was only recently revealed after a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the planthopper family Issidae. It represents an important tribe which is sister to two other emblematic sister tribes in Hemisphaeriinae: the Parahiraciini Cheng & Yang, 1991 and the Hemisphaeriini Melichar, 1906 within the Issidae (
In this paper, we describe an additional new genus, representing a new species from Guangxi Province of China. We also provide taxonomic notes about the genus Eusarima Yang, 1994 from which one species, Eusarima (Nepalius) iranica Gnezdilov & Mozaffarian, 2011, is transferred to the genus Sarima Melichar, 1903. Finally, the number and the diversity of the taxa, which progressively joined Sarimini since its description, allow now a better understanding of its morphological characteristics.
The type specimens are deposited in China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China. The specimens were collected by net capture during daytime. The genitalia were separated from the insect body using micro-scissors under a stereomicroscope Leica M205C, then transferred and boiled in a 5ml beaker with 10% NaOH solution for a few minutes until muscles were completely dissolved leaving only tegumentary structures. After rinsing in distilled water several times to clean the residual NaOH solution, genitalia were subsequently transferred to glycerine for final dissection and observation, and then stored under the specimen in a genitalia vial for final conservation. Photographs for external morphology and genitalia characters were taken using a Leica DFC camera attached to a Leica M205FA stereomicroscope and further refined with LAS X software. Morphological terminologies for male genitalia follow
Total genomic DNA was extracted from the fore and middle legs of the holotype specimen using a Sangon Ezup column animal genomic DNA purification kit. The DNA of the genes (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, COXI, Cytb) was amplified using the same primers and amplification procedures as in
MEGA v7.0 (
Eusarimissus hezhouensis sp. nov., here designated.
This new taxon appears similar to Eusarima but differs by: 1) Vertex much longer, around 1.3 times wider than long in midline (Fig.
From Longieusarima, Eusarimissus is easily separated by its shorter and wider vertex, the longer sublateral carinae of frons widely surpassing the level of the ventral margin of the antenna, and the general schema of the tegmina with a longer ScP+RA vein and a late-forking MP vein, well after the forking of CuA. Male genitalia also easily differentiated these two genera by the long subapical aedeagus processes in Longieusarima, shorter and in the apical 3/4 in Eusarimissus.
Head with compound eyes a little wider than pronotum and mesonotum (Fig.
Male genitalia.
Anal tube in lateral view long and narrow, reaching to the posterior margin of gonostyli, basal part expanded, ventral margin nearly straight (Fig.
Eusarimissus hezhouensis sp. nov., holotype. 6 male genitalia, lateral view 7 male anal tube, dorsal view 8 gonostylus, lateral view 9 phallic complex, right lateral view 10 phallic complex, left lateral view 11 phallic complex, ventral view. Abbreviations: dl: dorsal lobe of periandrium; ll: lateral lobe of periandrium; vl: ventral lobe of periandrium; edl: expansion on dorsal lobe of periandrium; ap: aedeagus processes.
Female genitalia.
Gonoplacs in dorsal view fused at middle in basal 1/3 (Fig.
Eusarimissus hezhouensis sp. nov., paratype. 12 female anal tube, dorsal view 13 gonoplacs, dorsal view 14 gonoplacs, lateral view 15 gonapophysis IX and gonospiculum bridge, lateral view 16 gonapophysis IX and gonospiculum bridge, dorsal view 17 sternite VII, ventral view 18 gonocoxa VIII and gonapophysis VIII, ventral view.
This name is an arbitrary association between the genera names “Eusarima” and “Issus” referring to the close relationship of this genus to Eusarima in the Issidae tribe Sarimini. The gender is masculine.
China (Guangxi Province).
This new species looks similar to the species Eusarima (Eusarima) triphylla (Che, Zhang & Wang, 2012) known also from Guangxi Province, but it differs by: 1) the early bifurcation of CuA before MP (Fig.
Holotype : ♂, China: Guangxi Province, Hezhou, Qichong Nature Reserve, 24°13'6"N, 110°48'34"E, 180 m, 7.viii.2018, coll. Feilong Yang & Kun Zhao. Paratypes: 2♂♂, 1♀, same data as holotype.
Length : male (including forewings) (N = 3): 6.1–6.3 mm; female (including forewings) (N = 1): 6.4 mm.
Coloration. Vertex almost dark brown, the midline slightly yellow; anterior margin yellow; posterior margin yellow with some black (Fig.
Head and thorax. Vertex 1.3 times wider than long in midline, posterior margin with the protruded level little shallower than anterior margin (Fig.
Male genitalia. Anal tube slender in lateral view, broad in basal 1/3 then gradually narrowing to the apex (Fig.
Female genitalia. Anal tube in dorsal view conical, 1.6 times longer in midline than widest part (Fig.
The name refers to the type locality of the species.
The molecular sequences obtained were registered in GenBank with the following accession numbers: MN955873 (18S, primers: 3F–Bi + A2–9R), MN955872 (28S D3–D5, primers: Ai–D4D5r), MN955852 (28S D6–D7, primers: EE–MM), MN954323 (COXI). Cytb sequence was failed to obtain. Molecular analysis based on available sequences of the 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, COXI and Cytb genes confirms the morphological data positioning the new taxon in Sarimini. The species takes place as sister to a non-described but already sequenced Sarimini species Eusarima sp. 4 in
Analysis of all Sarimini genera currently available for a molecular phylogeny, places Eusarimissus gen. nov. as sister to Eusarima sp. 4 which are both sister to the genus Longieusarima. Morphologically, Eusarimissus gen. nov. resembles the genus Eusarima from which it could be easily separated by the forewing venation and the presence of the posterolateral processes of the dorsal lobe of the periandrium in the latter genus.
Eusarima is a large genus including 37 species (
The diversity of the taxa that progressively joined the Sarimini tribe, allows us now to better clarify the morphological characteristics of the group. Indeed, within the Issidae, Sarimini shares a specific 3-lobed hind wing conformation with an A2 lobe as wide or wider than the other lobes, often notched at the A2 extremity, and with several venation characteristics that seems emerging as a specific combination for the group: lobes with non-reticulated venation, Pcu-A1 lobe usually without transverse veins, cubital band area between CuP and Pcu always much wider than the intra-cubital band area between CuA and CuP, MP single, Pcu anastomosing at some distance with A1 anterior branch, Pcu, A11, A12 and A2 single.
We sincerely thank Ms Feilong Yang and Kun Zhao who collecting specimens for this study. This study was supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2019YFH0086), Sichuan Education Program (18ZA0481), Sichuan overseas Chinese talents prior sci-tech program, the Fundamental Research Funds of China West Normal University (17B009) and the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of China West Normal University (17E070).