1♀, Laos, Bolikhamsai Prov., Hat Khay, 22 December 2012, Kim, gen. slide no. 9513/S. Kim; 1♀, Laos, Xiang khaung Prov., Ban Tha, 1298 m, 12 November 2015, Bae et al.; 1♂, Laos, Bolikhamsai prov., Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area National Park, 322 m, 1 April 2016, Bae et al., gen. slide no. 9846/S. Kim; 1 extra (missing abdomen), Laos, Xiang khaung Prov., Ban Tha, 1298 m, 6 April 2016, Bae et al.; 1♀, same locality, 7 August 2017, Bae et al., gen. slide no. 9848/S. Kim.

This species (Fig. 2A) is externally most similar to P. suzukiella (Matsumura) in the forewing pattern, but it can be easily distinguishable from that species by the subbasal band which traverses from the costa to the posterior margin and the fuscous suffusion rarely developed under the circular costal patch at 2/3 of the forewing. The male genitalia (Fig. 3A–D) are differentiated from those of P. suzukiella in having the gnathos with a pointed apex and the aedeagus bent at 3/5 of its length. The female genitalia (Fig. 6A–C) are distinguished from those of P. suzukiella in having the ductus bursae bearing a long, serrated spine and another tiny spine.

Laos (northeast, central; new record), China (south) and Thailand (central).

Figure 2. 

Wing pattern of Laos Promalactis A Promalactis parasuzukiella B P. suzukiella C P. uniclavata sp. nov. D P. albisquama E P. spiraliola F P. senispina sp. nov. G P. apicisetifera H P. zolotuhini I P. bitrigona J P. crassa sp. nov. K P. retusa sp. nov.

Figure 3. 

Genitalia of Laos Promalactis A–D P. parasuzukiella: A male genitalia B aedeagus C uncus and gnathos D apical part of valva E–H P. suzukiella: E male genitalia F aedeagus G uncus and gnathos H apical part of valva I–L P. uniclavata sp. nov.: I male genitalia J aedeagus K uncus and gnathos L dense hairs on apical part of juxta M–O P. albisquama: M male genitalia N uncus and gnathos O juxta and aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

1♂, Laos, Xiang khaung Prov., Ban Ta, 1524 m, 1 January 2017, Bae et al., gen. slide no. 9829/S. Kim.

This species (Fig. 2B) is similar to P. uniclavata sp. nov. in the wing pattern but can be easily distinguished from the latter in having the forewing without a subbasal band which traverses from the costa to the posterior margin, and in having the male genitalia (Fig. 3E–H) with the uncus having a thumb-like apex and a tougue-like gnathos.

Laos (northeast; new record), China (south), Vietnam; Palaearctic: Korea (South), China (northwest, northeast, central), Japan, Russia (Far East); Nearctic: USA.

Holotype: ♂, Laos, Xiang khaung Prov., Ban Tha, 1513 m, 20 February 2017, Bae et al., gen. slide no. 9834/S. Kim. Paratype: 1♂, 1♀, Laos, Vientiane Prov., Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area, 7 December 2012, Lee et al., gen. slide no. 9512(M), 9509(F)/S. Kim; 1 ex., Laos, Bolikhamsai prov., Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area, 322 m, 1 April 2016, Bae et al.; 1♂, Laos, Xiang khaung Prov., Ban Tha, 1298 m, 6 April 2016, Bae et al. [Holotype is deposited in INU, paratypes are separately deposited into SNU and INU.]

The species is superficially most similar to P. suzukiella in the similar forewing pattern but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the subbasal band which traverses from the costa to the posterior margin and with a fuscous suffusion below the costal patch at 2/3 of the posterior margin. The male genitalia are characterized in having the uncus bifurcate, the gnathos digitate, and the juxta large and club-shaped.

Adult (Fig. 2C). Head: frons grayish brown tinged with white; vertex white, tinged with dark brown; occiput yellowish brown. Antenna: scape white entirely, shorter than diameter of eye; flagellum white from base to 2/3 of its length, dorsally dark brown and white alternately from 2/3 to apex. Labial palpus: 2^nd palpomere pale-yellow tinged with dark brown, as long as 3^rd palpomere; 3^rd palpomere dark brown, except pale yellowish white at apex dorsally. Thorax: thorax and tegula dark brown. Wingspan 7.5–8.0 mm. Forewing ground color brownish yellow, darker near base; two bands and one costal patch all white, edged by fuscous scales: one subbasal band traversed from costal margin to posterior margin just near wing base; one antemedial band, oblique, not reaching costa; one costal patch semicircular at 3/4 of forewing, connected to fuscous suffusion before tornus; fuscous scales somewhat dense near apex; fringes grayish brown near tornus, yellow near apex. Hindwing ground color grayish brown; fringes grayish brown.

Male genitalia (Fig. 3I–L). Uncus wide at base, bifurcate distally, setose from base to middle; lateral lobes asymmetrical. Gnathos digitate, wide at base, shorter than uncus. Valva short; costal margin elongated, bifurcate, with different length of lobes, setose entirely; sacculus heavily sclerotized with pointed apex, shorter than costal margin. Juxta large, club-shaped, bearing U-shaped apical margin with dense hairs, as long as saccullus. Saccus large, triangular, longer then uncus. Aedeagus straight, gradually broader to apex, slightly longer than valva. Cornutus absent.

Female genitalia (Fig. 6D–F). Papillae anales setose. Apophyses posteriores almost twice longer than apophyses anteriores. Lamella postvaginalis large, incised medially, setose on caudal margin. Lamella antevaginalis wide, surrounded by dense hairs, concave on caudal margin. Antrum cylindrical, somewhat sclerotized posteriorly, gradually membranous anteriorly, as long as ductus bursae vertically. Ductus bursae membranous, sclerotized projection at 3/4 posteriorly. Corpus bursae small, circular; signum bearing one tiny spine and one sclerotized plate consisting of 3 or 4 tiny spines.

Laos (northeast, northwest, central; new).

The name is derived from the Latin, uni (= one) plus the Latin clava (= club), referring from the large, club-shaped juxta in the male genitalia.

1♂, Laos, Vientiane Prov., Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area, 7 December 2012, Lee et al., gen. slide no. 9511/S. Kim.

The species (Fig. 2D) is externally similar to P. suzukiella in the wing pattern but can be easily differentiated from the latter in having the forewing without a subbasal band and in having the fuscous suffusion denser near apex. The male genitalia (Fig. 3M–O) are also distinguished from those of P. suzukiella by the bifurcate uncus, the distinct juxta, and the extremely longer saccus.

Laos (northwest; new record), Cambodia (northwest), China (south), Vietnam (north).

2♂, 1♀ and 1 ex., Bolikhamsai Prov., Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area National Park, 561 m, 2 July 2017, gen. slide no. 9862(♂), 9858(♂) and 9863 (♀)/S. Kim. 1♂, Laos, Bolikhamsai prov., Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area National Park, 561 m, 2 July 2017, Bae et al., gen. slide no. 9858/S. Kim.

The species (Fig. 2E) is externally characterized by the narrow, medial band not connected to the white costal patch on the forewing. The male genitalia (Fig. 4A–E) are also distinguished by the weakly developed gnathos and large aedeagus. The female genitalia (Fig. 6G, H) are characterized in having the ductus bursae coiled several times and bearing numerous tiny spines, and in having the corpus bursae small, membranous, and without signum.

Laos (central; new record), Cambodia (southwest).

Holotype: ♂, Laos, Bolikhamsai prov., Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area National Park, 322 m, 1 April 2016, Bae et al., gen. slide no. 9860/S. Kim. [Holotype is deposited in INU.]

This species is externally similar to P. lophacantha Wang, Du & Li by having irregular bands of forewing, but it can be easily differentiated by the extended saccus and the prolonged aedeagus, which bears six projections in male genitalia.

Adult (Fig. 2F). Head: frons pale yellowish white; vertex white; occiput white. Antenna: scape white entirely, longer than diameter of eye; flagellum dark brown and white alternately from base to apex dorsally. Labial palpus: 2^nd palpomere pale yellowish brown, slightly longer than 3^rd palpomere; 3^rd palpomere pale yellow tinged with white, except dark brown apically. Thorax: thorax and tegula dark brown. Wingspan 7.0–7.5 mm. Forewing ground color yellowish brown; three bands, one costal patch, and one apical patch all white: one subbasal band traversed from costal margin to posterior margin near wing base; one antemedial band broad, slightly oblique toward wing base, traversed from costa to posterior margin; one medial band connected to postmedial short band on lower margin of cell; one apical patch accupied after 3/4 of forewing to apex; fuscous scales scattered followed by posterior margin of forewing; fringes yellow, except pale yellowish white near medial and postmedial bands. Hindwing ground color grayish dark brown; fringes dark grayish brown.

Male genitalia (Fig. 4F–I). Uncus wide at base, gradually narrowed to pointed apex, setose apically, as long as gnathos. Gnathos wide at base, gradually narrowed to apex, thumb-shaped apex, bearing sclerotized and serrated projection inner margin, as long as uncus. Valva symmetrical; costal margin convex after middle; saccular margin moderate, setose from 1/2 of its length to apex. Saccus extremely long, 1.5 times longer than valva. Aedeagus straight, elongated, as long as total length of genitalia, with six spines, differently sized apically; cornutus absent.

Female unknown.

Laos (central; new).

The specific name is derived from the Latin, seni (= six) and -spina (= spine), referring from the aedeagus bearing six spines in males.

1♂, Laos, Xiang khaung Prov., Ban Tha, 1298 m, 7 August 2017, Bae et al., gen. slide no. 9842/S. Kim.

The species (Fig. 2G) is similar to P. zolotuhini Lvovsky, 2013 in the wing pattern but can be easily recognized from the latter species by the yellowish-brown ground color and relatively broad subbasal band and the absence of medial band of the forewing. The male genitalia (Fig. 4J–M) are characterized in having the triangular juxta bearing lateral cylindrical lobes.

Laos (northeast; new record), China (south).

Figure 4. 

Genitalia of Laos Promalactis A–E P. spiraliola: A male genitalia B aedeagus C uncus and gnathos D apical part of valva E bifurcate part of cornutus F–I P. senispina sp. nov.: F male genitalia G aedeagus H sclerotized projection of gnathos I apical projections of aedeagus J–M P. apicisetifera: J male genitalia K aedeagus L uncus and gnathos M juxta. Scale bars: 0.5mm.

1♂, Laos, Bolikhamsai Prov., Phou Khao Khouay National Protected, 452 m, 3 July 2017, Bae et al., gen. slide no. 9840/ S. Kim.

This species (Fig. 2H) is close to P. apicisetifera Du & Wang in its wing pattern, but it can be easily distinguished in having the forewing ground color tinged with reddish dark brown. The male genitalia (Fig. 5A–D) are differentiated from the those of P. apicisetifera in having the gnathos bearing round apical tips, the cucullus sclerotized, and the valva rounded apically.

Laos (northeast; new record), Vietnam (north).

Figure 5. 

Genitalia of Laos Promalactis A–D P. zolotuhini: A male genitalia B aedeagus C uncus and gnathos D cucullus E–I P. crassa sp. nov.: E male genitalia F aedeagus G uncus and gnathos H apical part of valva I cornutus and spine of aedeagus J–N P. retusa sp. nov.: J male genitalia K aedeagus L uncus and gnathos M apical part of valva N cornutus. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

One female, Laos, Xiang khaung Prov., Ban Tha, 1204 m, 30 June 2017, Bae et al, gen. slide no. 9847/ S Kim.

The species (Fig. 2I) is distinguished from congeners by the three suffusions on the antemedial, postmedial, and apical areas of posterior margin of forewing. The male genitalia are characterized in having the valva with dense hairs on the costal margin (Kim et al. 2012; Fig. 3D–F), and by the female genitalia (Fig. 7A–C), which is characterized in having the antrum with a thumb-shaped caudal margin and the signum somewhat triangular-pyramid-shaped.

Laos (northeast; new record), Vietnam (north).

Holotype: ♂, Laos, Xiang khaung Prov., Ban Tha, 1298 m, 7 August 2017, Bae et al., gen. slide no. 9592/ S. Kim. Paratype: 1♀, same locality, date and collector, gen. slide no. 9595. [Holotype and paratype are deposited in INU].

This species is superficially similar to P. diorbis Kim & Park, 2012, but it can be differentiated in having the large costal patch at 4/5 of the length of the forewing and in having the small antrum and the thick ductus bursae bearing several tiny spines in the female genitalia.

Adult (Fig. 2J). Head: frons pale grayish dark brown, tinged with dark brown; vertex dark brown; occiput yellowish dark brown. Antenna: scape entirely white, except dark brown apically, shorter than diameter of eye; fragellum dark brown and white alternately from base to apex dorsally. Labial palpus: 2^nd palpomere pale yellowish dark brown, 1.5 times longer than 3^rd palpomere; 2^nd palpomere dark brown, except white at apex. Thorax: thorax blackish dark brown; tegula dark brown. Wing expanse 11.0–11.5 mm. Forewing ground color yellowish brown; five bands, one spot, two costal patches, one posterior patch, and one apical patch, all white edged with fuscous scales: one subbasal band short and one tiny spot near base, not connected each other; two antemedial bands: one just below subcostal (Sc) vein and the other at 1/6 posterior margin, both irregularly shaped, connected to each other at antemedial part of medial cell; the other antemedial band just before middle narrowed, arched connected to postmedial band; two costal patches: large one at 3/5 and somewhat semi-ovate, after pale grayish suffusion; small one at 4/5 and irregularly shaped, after fuscous suffusion; one small posterior parch after tornus; one apical patch larger than near costal and posterior patches; fringes yellowish brown near apex, mixed with fuscous scales near tornus. Hindwing more or less lanceolate; Hindwing ground color grayish brown; fringes dark grayish dark brown.

Male genitalia (Fig. 5E–I). Uncus large, thumb-shaped, with sclerotized, trifurcate projection, laterally setose near base. Gnathos wide at base, gradually narrowing to apex, inverted bell-shaped, shorter than uncus. Tegumen simple. Valva symmetrical; costal margin slightly concave basally, slightly convex medially, upward at sub-apex, bearing sclerotized, tiny spine at apex, setose after 2/3 to apex; saccular margin moderate, gradually narrowed to blunt apex, setose after 3/4 to apex, shorter than costal margin of valve. Juxta small bearing lateral spinous lobes, length of 2/3 of valve. Sacccus wide at base, triangular, longer than uncus. Aedeagus gradually narrowed from base to 1/5, straight from 1/5 to 1/2, gradually broader from 1/2 to apex, bearing spine with bifurcate apexes at middle, 1/2 length of aedeagus; cornutus large, heavily sclerotized, hook-shaped at sub-apex.

Female genitalia (Fig. 7D–F). Apophyses posteriors almost 1.5 times longer than apophyses anteriores. Apophyses anteriores as long as papillae anales. Lamella postveginalis small, bearing lateral circular lobes on causdal margin. Lamella antevaginalis wide at base, incised centrally. Antrum small, tiny cup-shaped. Ductus bursae thickly developed, wide at base, gradually narrowed from 4/5 to 3/5, somewhat straight from 3/5 to corpus bursae, wrinkled longitudinally after middle, with numerous scattered spines. Corpus bursae membranous, semi-ovate. Signum absent.

Laos (northeast; new).

The name of this species is derived from the Latin, crass (= thick) and the suffix –a, referring from the ductus bursae thickly developed in the female genitalia.

Holotype: ♂, Laos, Bolikhamsai prov., Thaphabath, Phaset, 21 February 2013, Kim et al., gen. slide no. 9508/ S. Kim. Paratype: 1 ♂, same locality, data as holotype and collector. [Holotype and paratype are deposited in SNU.]

This species is externally similar to P. crassa sp. nov. in its wing pattern, but it can be easily recognized in having the costal and apical patches not large in the forewing. The male genitalia are differentiated by the inverted funnel-shaped uncus and the rectangular gnathos with blunt apex.

Adult (Fig. 2K). Head: frons and vertex grayish dark brown; occiput grayish dark brown. Antenna: scape dark brown dorsally, white ventrally, shorter than diameter of eye; fragellum dark brown dorsally. Labial palpus: 2^nd palpomere pale yellowish brown, except dark brown at apex dorsally, 1.5 times longer than 3^rd palpomere; 3^rd palpomere dark brown, except white at base dorsally. Thorax: thorax grayish dark brown partly mixed with whitish scales; tegula dark grayish brown. Wing expanse 8.0–8.5mm. Forewing ground color yellowish brown tinged with grayish dark brown near wing base, middle, and sub-apex on costa; five bands, one costal patch, four spots, and one apical patch, all white edged with fuscous scales: two subbasal bands, one from Sc vein, oblique toward apex, the other from anal vein, oblique toward costa, both connected to each other; two antemedial bands at 1/5, 2/7 of posterior margin, short, oblique toward costa; one antemedial band at 1/3 of costa, oblique toward before tornus; two spots medially, one on posterior vein of medial cell, the other at 1/2 of posterior margin; one costal patch, not connected to under tiny spot on posterior vein of medial cell; one spot at tornus; one apical patch occupied after 6/7 to apex with fuscous scales; fringes yellow near apex, mixed with fuscous scales middle and near tornus. Hindwing more lanceolate; ground color pale grayish dark brown; fringes grayish brown.

Male genitalia (Fig. 5J–N) Uncus inverted funnel-shaped, wide at base, gradually narrowing to apex, slightly bent inward, longer than gnathos. Gnathos rectangular, concave laterally, blunt apically, gradually narrowed from base to 1/2, gradually broadened from 1/2 to apex. Tegumen simple, as long as uncus. Valva symmetrical; costal margin straight to apex, roundly edged, setose after middle; saccular margin moderate, gradually narrowed to apex, apex bearing tiny spine, setose after middle. Saccus short, finger-shaped, shorter than uncus. Aedesgus gradually broader to apex, as long as valve; cornutus sclerotized, bifurcate after middle.

Female unknown.

Laos (northeast; new).

The name of species is derived from the Latin, retus (= blunt) and the suffix –a, referring from the gnathos with blunt apex of male genitalia.

Figure 6. 

Genitalia of Laos Promalactis A–C P. parasuzukiella: A female genitalia B spines in ductus bursae C signum D–F P. uniclavata sp. nov.: D female genitalia E projection in ductus bursae F signum G–H P. spiraliola: G female genitalia H numerous spines in ductus bursae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figure 7. 

Genitalia of Laos Promalactis A–C P. bitrigona: A female genitalia B antrum C signum D–F P. crassa sp. nov.: D female genitalia E lamella post-and ante-vaginalis F tiny spines in ductus bursae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.