MALE. Body length 8.5–9.5mm. Eye with dense and long hairs; frons about 1.3–2.0 times as wide as the width of anterior ocellus; frontal setae reaching ocellar triangle; fronto-orbital plate and parafacial with silveryish-grey pollinosity; parafacial bare, about 1.5–2.0 times as wide as postpedicel; antenna black, postpedicel about 2.6–3.0 times as long as broad, about 1.8 times as long as pedicel, arista plumose, the longest hair about equal or slightly longer than postpedicel width; gena and postgena with black hairs, gena with 5 rows of subvibrissal setae in anterior margin, genal height about 2/5 times of eye height; proboscis stout, prementum about 2.0 times as long as height; palpus black, slightly flat in distal half. Thorax ground-color black, scutum with four dark vittae in posterior view, acr 0+1, 9 rows of irregular fine setae between two dc rows, dc 2+4, ia 0+2, pra absent; anepisternum with hairs around anepisternal setae, meron with hairs around the lower margin of posterior spiracle, scutellum with black hairs in the lateral margin; basisternum, proepisternum, anepimeron, katepimeron bare; katepisternal setae 2+2, spiracles dark brown. Wing hyaline, brownish, with heavier color in the basal part and around veins; costal spine inconspicuous, radial node bare; veins R₄₊₅ and M conspicuously diverging distally, crossveins r-m and dm-cu lightly clouded, crossvein m-m sinuate; calypteres yellowish; halteres brownish-yellow. Legs black; fore tibia with 2–4 p; basal half of mid femur with row of 8–10 pv (stout towards distally), distal half with 2 or 3 slender setae, mid tibia with 1 or 2 ad and 6 or 7 developed p, the length of longest seta about 3/5 of width of tibia; hind coxa bare on rear surface, hind femur with 5–7 strong setae on distal half, hind tibia with 7–10 av, 3–5 developed ad and 6–9 p. Abdomen ground-color black, with dense greyish-blue pollinosity, tergites 2 to 4 with one large dark lateral patch on each side, tergites 4 and 5 with posterior marginal setae, tergite 5 with irregular discal setae, sternite 1 with hairs.

FEMALE. Unknown.

Both Helina sarmentosa and Helina dianica can be easily separated from the other Helina species by mid and hind tibiae with very long and stout setae. Having examined the holotypes of both nominal species, we were unable to find differences justifying their separation, which has led us to consider all the examined specimens to be conspecific. Therefore, we synonymized Helina dianica under Helina sarmentosa.

Holotype of Helina sarmentosa, ♂: China: Yunnan, Deqin, Mt. Meili, alt. 4, 300–4, 680m a.s.l., 29.VII.1982, Coll. H.C. Cai(IZCAS); paratype of Helina sarmentosa, ♂: China: Yunnan, Deqin, Mt. Meili, alt. 4, 300–4, 680m a.s.l., 28.VII.1982, Coll. X.Z. Zhang(SEMCAS). Holotype of Helina dianica, ♂: China: Yunnan, Deqin, alt. 2, 400m a.s.l., 29.VII.1991, Coll. unknown (IMEAMMS).

China (Yunnan).

The holotype of Helina dianxiia is almost identical to Helina aureolicolorata. The only difference between these two species is that the body color of Helina dianxiia is darker than Helina aureolicolorata. Helina dianxiia and Helina aureolicolorata are synonymized here because the two holotypes of these two nominal species characters are surprisingly consistent and genitalia are identical. Therefore, we synonymized Helina aureolicolorata under Helina dianxiia.

Holotype of Helina dianxiia, ♂: China: Yunnan, Lushui, alt. 2, 000m a.s.l., 26.V.1992, Coll. F.H. Li (IESNU). Holotype of Helina aureolicolorata, ♂: China: Sichuan, Ya’an, Mt. Zhougong, alt. 1, 700m a.s.l., 24.VI.1985, Coll. Y. Feng (IMEAMMS).

China (Sichuan, Yunnan).

There are more than fifty species of the genus Myospila found in China. The species magnimaculata, previously assigned to Helina, is in my opinion a Myospila due to the following characters: vein M distinctly curved forward at tip; cerci slender and the morphology of genitalia. At the same time, I consider it to be a synonym of Myospila lenticeps for these other reasons: scutum with 4 dc; costal spine short but distinct; most part of thorax brown with dense light yellow pollinosity and vein R₄₊₅ with fine hairs on the basal part in ventral view. Consequently, Helina magnimaculata is a new subjective junior synonym of Myospila lenticeps.

China (Guangdong, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan); Japan; Sri Lanka; India; Indonesia; Malaysia; Philippines; Thailand; Nepal; Kiribati (Christmas Island); Madagascar; Principe.

Paratype, ♂: China: Xinjiang, Dong Kunlun, Kaerdong, alt. 4, 300m a.s.l., 11.VII.1984, Coll. C.Q. Xiang (IESNU); paratype, ♂: China: Xinjiang, Hejing, alt. 3, 000–3, 500m a.s.l., 31.VII.1958, Coll. C.Q. Li (IZCAS).

Helina angulisurstyla was described by Xue and Xiang in Xue and Chao (1998) and can be easily distinguished from other Helina species by the slightly shortened arista, pra absent, katepisternal setae 1+1, veins R₄₊₅ and M not diverging distally, abdomen with trapezoid patches, sternite 1 bare, sternite 5 broad and short, cerci long and distal sharped, surstyli not expanded distally but sharp in lateral view. However, these diagnostic characters are practically identical with the generic characters of Spilogona. Our analysis of the paratypes of Helina angulisurstyla revealed a similar external morphology; especially the male genital structures with species in the genus Spilogona. Consequently, we suggest the following new combination: Spilogona angulisurstyla.

China (Xinjiang).

Holotype, ♂: China: Qinghai, Yushu, Batang, alt. 4, 200–4, 500m a.s.l., 15.VI.1964, Coll. S.Y. Wang (IZCAS).

Diagnostic characteristics (arista short; pra absent; katepisternal setae 1+2; costa with distinct comb-like rows on the front margin, vein m-m straight; mid tibia with 2 ad and 2 p; tergites 3 and 4 with one pair dark patches, sternite1 bare; surstyli slender, the lateral margin of cerci curved in distal half, apical of cerci sharp, sternite 5 broad and short) of the holotype indicate that it belongs to Spilogona.

China (Qinghai).

(Translated from Feng and Fan 2001.) MALE. Body length about 7.0mm. Eye bare, upper part slightly flattened, facets obviously expanded on anterior margin in upper part, frons at its narrowest point about 1/3 of the width of anterior ocellus, lower half of fronto-orbital plate with 3 frontal setae; ocelli mound-like; parafacial about half as wide as postpedicel; antennal scape and pedicel black, brown distally, postpedicel 2.5 times as long as broad, arista short plumose, the longest hairs slightly shorter than half of postpedicel width; face distally slightly raised, upper part with a flat facial ridge; gena and postgena with black hairs, front gena with subvibrissal setae into 2 rows, genal height about 1/10 of the eye height; prementum about as long as high; palpus dark. Thorax with thin greyish blue pollinosity, scutum without distinct longitudinal stripes, acr 3+5 (prescutellar acr short), dc 2+4, ia 0+2, pra absent; lateral and lower margins of scutellum bare; basisternum, notopleuron, meron, katepimeron and metanepisternum bare; spiracle dark brown, half-open; proepisternal setae 2, proepimeral setae 2, katepisternal setae 1+2. Tegula blackish-brown, basicosta brownish-yellow, costal spine inconspicuous; node of Rs bare, crossveins without a cloudy appearance, veins R₄₊₅ and M slightly diverging in distal part; calypteres brownish, halteres dark redish-brown. Coxae and trochanters brownish-yellow; femora and tibiae brownish-yellow, tarsi black, distal part of tarsi with yellow rings; fore tibia without p; basal third of mid femur with 4 pv (short and stout distally), mid tibia with 3 p, distally with 1 p; hind coxa bare on posterior surface, hind femur with complete rows of av and p, 1 av distally. Abdomen slightly dark yellow, with thin pollinosity, without distinct stripes and round patches, syntergite 1+2, tergites 3 and 4 with narrow posterior marginal stripes, tergites 3 to 5 with median marginal setae; tergite 6 and sternite 1 bare, sternites 2 and 3 square-shaped.

FEMALE. Unknown.

The genus Hebecnema Schnabl, 1889 resembles the genus Helina but differs from it by the following characters: abdomen always without paired spots; fronto-orbital plate narrow, always narrower than antenna width; head in lateral view slightly flat on upper part; surstyli always slender.

According to the original descriptions and illustrations of Helina arcuatiabdomina given by Feng and Fan(2001), we can confirm that this species belongs to Hebecnema.

China (Sichuan).