Serida fervens Walker, 1857, by original designation.

Body slender, somewhat dorsoventrally depressed. Head (Figs 1–4, 5, 24) produced in front of eyes. Vertex (Figs 1–4, 5, 24) shorter in middle than broad at base (about 2.1–4.8:1), disc depressed, unicarinate carina, not reaching anterior margin. Frons (Figs 6, 25) unicarinate, longer in middle line than wide than broad (about 1.3–1.5:1). Pronotum (Figs 5, 24) tricarinate, wider than long in middle (about 3.1-5.0:1). Mesonotum (Figs 5, 24) tricarinate, wider than long in middle (about 1.1–1.3:1). Hind tibia with 3 lateral spines, spinal formula of hind leg 6(5)-5-2. Forewing (Figs 1–4, 8, 27) subhyaline, about 2.5 times longer than the widest breadth, corium without granulation, costal cell with various oblique transverse veins, nodal line and subapical line distinct. Male genitalia (Figs 10–15, 29–34) with pygofer asymmetrical, irregularly subquadrate, posterior marging produced various lobes; anal tube (urite X) symmetrical, anal styles (paraproct and epiproct) relative small, not surpassing apex of anal tube; gonostyli asymmetrical, with a strong stout process in left side, with a small process in right side; fused basally, with various median processes in ventral view; aedeagus tubular, expanded apex, with several lobes or band processes.

Gonapophyses VIII (first valvula) (Figs 16, 21, 35, 40) saw-like, strongly sclerotized, with 6-8 distinct teeth on dorsal margin, ventral margin with about 3-4 distinct teeth. Gonapophyses IX (second valvula) (Figs 18, 22, 35, 37, 41) degradated, triangular. Gonoplace (third valvula) (Figs 19, 23, 38, 42) stout, membranous, formed about 10-14 teeth on ventral margin and apical margin (Figs 19, 23, 38, 42). In ventral view, endogonocoxal lobe (Figs 17, 20, 36, 39) not bilaterally symmetrical, in the base of the gonapophyses VIII produced mesad irregular process. Sternite VII with posterior margin depressed or convex (Figs 17, 20, 36, 39).

Oriental region.

Varma bimaculata Wang & Liang, 2008; China (Xizang)

Varma falcata Chang & Chen, sp. n.; China (Guizhou)

Varma gibbosa Wang &Liang, 2008; China (Xizang)

Varma lobata Chang & Chen, sp. n.; China (Yunnan)

Varma serrata Men & Qin, 2010; China (Yunnan, Hunan)

(based on male genitalia, ♂)

(based on female genitalia, ♀)

Note: this key didn’t refer to Varma bimaculata Wang & Liang, as we didn’t have the female specimens.

No specimen has been collected by the authors.

China (Xizang).

Holotype: ♂, China: Guizhou, Dushan, Duliujiangyuan Wetlands (25°50'N, 107°32'E), 12 July 2012, Q.-Z. Song; paratypes: 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, same data as holotype; 2 ♀♀, Guizhou, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve (27°44'N, 109°13'E), 22-24 Sept. 2011, X.-F. Yu and Z.-H. Fan; 1 ♀, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, 1 June 2002, X.-S. Chen; 1 ♀, Leigongshan National Nature Reserve (26°23'N, 108°04'E), 10 July 2011, Z.-M. Chang.

Body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewings): male 12.1–12.8 mm (N = 2), female 13.0–13.5 mm (N = 4).

Coloration. General colour yellowish green to stramineous yellow. Head and pronotum pale green to pale tawny. Mesonotum pale green or pale ocherous. Abdomen tawny. Forewings pale yellowish green, basal part with two light brownish spots, around nodal line with light brownish fasciae.

Head and thorax. Vertex (Fig. 5) broader than long in middle line (2.4:1). Frons (Fig. 6) obviously longer in middle than widest breadth (1.4:1), widest at apical fourth, anterior margin and posterior arch, median carina broad and ridged. Pronotum (Fig. 5) obviously wider than long in middle (3.8:1). Mesonotum (Fig. 5) wider than long in middle (1.1:1). Forewing about 2.4 times longer than the widest, venations as in Fig. 8. Hind wing with venation as in Fig. 9. Spinal formula of hind leg 6-5-2.

Male genitalia. Male genitalia (Figs 10–14) with pygofer not bilaterally symmetrical; in proflile left side, irregularly subquadrate, dorsal margins and ventral margin subparallel, anterior margin and posterior margin nearly subparallel, posterior margin near its upper end produced into a short and indistinct lobe; in right side, dorsal margin incline to venter, anterior margin near dorsal 1/3 concave, lateral margins subparallel. Anal tube (urite X) (Figs 12, 13) symmetrical and long, surpassing apex of aedeagus in lateral view, with anal styles short, not surpassing apex of anal tube. In ventral view, gonostyli (Figs 10–12, 14) with basal 2/3 fused together, medially produced into a falcate lobe. Aedeagus (Fig. 15) tubular, relatively long, narrow at base and expanded apex, with three processes, of one band process at lateral ventral margin, of one lobe in doral margin, directed anteriorly, of one flexural waviness on the right side, all procrsses with serrated margins. Periandrium fissure-like, exposed at the apex. Corpus connectivi stout, rod-like.

Female genitalia. Gonapophyses VIII (first valvula) (Fig. 16) saw-like, strongly sclerotized with 6-7 distinct teeth on dorsal margin, ventral margin with about 4 distinct teeth. Gonapophyses IX (second valvula) (Fig. 18) degradated, triangular. Gonoplace (third valvula) (Fig. 19) stout, membranous, formed 12 teeth on ventral margin and apical margin. In ventral view, endogonocoxal lobe (Fig. 17) in the base of the gonapophyses VIII produced mesad irregular trapeziums, that of left side more broader, paw-like, with 2 small teeth, that of right more slender, lateral margin dented. Sternite VII (Fig. 17) with posterior margin project triangularly in middle.

The new species is named after the presence of a falcate process at apically inner margin of gonostyli.

China (Guizhou).

This new species is similar to Varma serrata Men & Qin, 2010 in external appearance, but can be distinguished from the latter in the gonostyli with a falcate lobe at apically inner margin (with semicircular lobe in serrata) (Fig. 11); posterior margin of pygofer without lobe process near its upper end on right side (with posterior margin with trapezoidal lobe directed caudoventrad on right side in serrata) (Figs 10, 13); apical part of the aedeagus bearing one band process at lateral ventral margin, with one lobe in doral margin, on the right side of the aedeagal shaft with one flexural waviness (in serrata, with apical part of aedeagus bearing a semicircular ribbon-like plate at left side side, on the right side of the aedeagal shaft with a pediform flate plate and wing-shaped lobe) (Fig. 15).

2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, China, Xizang, 1960m, 22 Aug. 2005, Z.-H. Yang.

China (Xizang).

Gonapophyses VIII (first valvula) (Fig. 21) saw-like, strongly sclerotized with 7-8 distinct teeth on dorsal margin, ventral margin with 3-4 distinct teeth. Gonapophyses IX (second valvula) (Fig. 22) degradated, triangular. Gonoplace (third valvula) (Fig. 23) stout, membranous, formed 13 or 14 teeth on ventral margin and apical margin. In ventral view, endogonocoxal lobe (Fig. 20) in the base of the gonapophyses VIII produced mesad not bilateralll symmetrical, that of left triangular, apex obtuse, that of right falculate. Sternite VII (Fig. 20) with posterior margin forming a shallow pit in middle 1/7.

For the female species, Sternite VII with posterior margin of Varma gibbosa is similar to Varma serrata, but can be from the latter in the pit of posterior margin more shallow and relative more broader (more deep and narrow in serrata), left of endogonocoxal lobe triangular, apex obtuse, that of right falculate (that of left thin rods, that of right slender, with one triangular protrusion in the outer edge, in serrata) (Figs 20, 39).

Holotype: ♂, China: Yunnan, Jinping Fenshuiling Native Nature Reserve (22°46'N, 103°14'E), 7 July 2012, W.-B. Zheng; paratypes: 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, same data as holotype.

Body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewings): male 9.2–9.5 mm (N = 6), female 11.1–11.8 mm (N = 4).

Coloration. General color pale green to greenish-yellow. Vertex, pronotum, mesonotum pale green. Forewings light green, marked with irregular brown spots at the base and middle and around nodal line, with 3-4 ranks of fine speckles and suffused fuscous between apical margin and the first subapical line.

Head and thorax. Vertex (Fig. 24) distinctly broader than long in middle line (4.8:1). Frons (Fig. 25) longer in middle than widest breadth (1.3:1), widest at apical fourth. Pronotum (Fig. 24) obviously wider than long in middle (4.5:1). Mesonotum (Fig. 24) wider than long in middle (1.2:1). Forewing about 2.4 times longer than the widest, venations as in Fig. 27. Hind wing with venation as in Fig. 28. Spinal formula of hind leg 6 (5)-5-2.

Male genitalia. Male genitalia (Figs 29–34) with pygofer not bilaterally symmetrical, in proflile left view, irregularly stomach-like, posterior margin produced caudad with a lobe near its upper end; in right side, irregularly subquadrate, posterior margin producrd into strip directed caudoventrad (Figs 29, 31, 32). Anal tube (urite X) (Figs 31, 32) symmetrical, not surpassing apex of aedeagus in lateral view, anal styles relatively small, not surpassing apex of anal tube. In ventral view, gonostyli (Figs 29, 30, 33) with basal 3/4 fused together, medially produced into sub-semicircular lobe. Aedeagus (Figs 29, 34) tubular, relatively long, narrow at base and distinctly expanded apex, splitting into two lobe plates, directed into dorsal margins, both with serrated margins, of one prongy in left view, of one sub-oblong lobe in right side, with 3-4 denticulate structure in ventral margins near basal 2/3. Periandrium fissure-like, exposed in middle. Corpus connectivi stout, rod-like.

Female genitalia. Gonapophyses VIII (first valvula) (Fig. 35) saw-like, strongly sclerotized with 7 distinct teeth on dorsal margin, ventral margin with 3-4 distinct teeth. Gonapophyses IX (second valvula) (Fig. 37) degradated, triangular. Gonoplace (third valvula) (Fig. 38) stout, membranous, formed 12 or 13 teeth on ventral margin and apical margin. In ventral view, endogonocoxal lobe (Fig. 36) in the base of the gonapophyses VIII produced mesad irregular triangle, that of left more narrow, that of right more broader. Sternite VII (Fig. 36) with posterior margin forming a pit in middle 1/2.

The name of the new species results from apex of aedeagus, splitted into two lobe plates.

China (Yunnan).

This new species can be distinguished from other species in the genus by the following combination of characters: (1) Gonostyli with a sub-semicircular lobe at apically inner margin (Fig. 30). (2) Apex of aedeagus, splitted into two lobe plates, directed into dorsal margins, of one sub-oblong lobe, of one sub-oblong lobe, with 3-4 denticulate structure in ventral margins near basal 2/3 (Fig. 34). (3) Pygofer, irregularly stomach-like in proflile left view; right side, posterior margin producrd into a strip (Figs 29, 32). (4) Sternite VII with posterior margin forming a pit in middle 1/2 (Fig. 36).

2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, China, Yunnan, Lushui, 1960m, 14 Aug. 2006, Q.-Z. Song; 2 ♀♀, Hunan, Langshan, 5 Oct. 2010, X.-S. Chen; 2 ♂♂, Yunnan, Lushui, 21 July 2012, J.-K. Long.

Gonapophyses VIII (first valvula) (Fig. 40) saw-like, strongly sclerotized with 7 distinct teeth on dorsal margin, ventral margin with 3 distinct teeth. Gonapophyses IX (second valvula) (Fig. 41) degradated, triangular. Gonoplace (third valvula) (Fig. 42) stout, membranous, formed 10 teeth on ventral margin and apical margin. In ventral view, endogonocoxal lobe (Fig. 39) in the base of the gonapophyses VIII produced mesad not bilateralll symmetrical, that of left thin rods, that of right slender, with one triangular protrusion in the outer edge, Sternite VII with posterior margin formed a narrow and deep pit in middle1/9 (Fig. 39).

China (Yunnan, Hunan).

The author examined many species of Varma serrata, and then found that the forewings marked with very light irregular brown spots at the base and middle and around nodal line (Fig. 4).