Lectotype ♂ (here designated): pinned, genitalia on a slide, with 7 labels: “Typus!” [handwritten] “Origin.” [red printed] “ex coll. 1/1 / Staudinger” [printed] “Dresden / n. sp.” [handwritten] “Genital-Unters. / Nr. 0024” “H.-Sch.” [both printed] “Lectotype / Tortrix neglectana / Herrich-Schäffer, 1851 / des. Zlatkov & Huemer 2019” [red printed].

GERMANY • 1 ♂; Dresden; Staudinger leg.; GS (genitalia slide) 0024; MFN.

Other material: GERMANY •1 ♂; Disque leg.; GS M.044; ZSM • 1 ♂; Southern Germany; Disque leg.; GS 1/2.11.2018; ZSM • 1 ♂; Dresden; Schmidt leg.; GS 1/5.12.2018; MTD • 1 ♀; Dresden, Loschwitz; GS 3/4.12.2018; MTD • 1 ♀; Dresden [?];6 Jul. 1897; GS 4/4.12.2018; MTD • POLAND • 1 ♂; Szczecin, Dabie; 30 Jul.; unknown leg.; GS 1/5.11.2018; ZSM • FINLAND • 2 ♂♂; Valkeala; 28 Jul.–4 Aug. 1999; T. Mutanen leg.; GS 1/2.2.2018, 2/9.2.2018; ZMUO • 1 ♂; Valkeala; 22–27 Jul. 1999; GS 1/7.11.2018; ZMUO • 2 ♂♂; Valkeala; 20–24 Jul. 1998; P. Sundell & T. Mutanen leg.; GS 1/5.2.2018, 1/9.2.2018; ZMUO • 1 ♂; Haapasaari; 15 Jul. 1973; J. Jalava leg.; GS 1/3.2.2018; ZMUO • 2 ♀♀; Haapasaari; 6–7 Aug. 2004; J. Junnilainen leg.; GS 1/14.12.2018, 2/14.12.2018; CJJ.

Externally, C. neglectana is similar to the other species in the C. neglectana species group (apart from C. striolana) and C. consimilana, but the markings are darker and the costal fold is rudimentary. The male genitalia are very close to C. striolana, with the most obvious difference in the shape of labis; additionally, the setal tuft of the valva is less compact and smaller, the sacculus is straighter, and the vesica most often bears a single cornutus. Clepsis neglectana differs from C. acclivana and C. trivia by the shape of the uncus and numerous characters on the valvae and phallus. Apart from the forewing pattern, the female differs from C. striolana by the presence of a transparent protrusion of the colliculum on the right side, and from C. trivia by the length and shape of the colliculum. In contrast to C. trivia, both C. neglectana and C. striolana lack a plate-like signum.

Adult (Fig. 2A–C). Sexual dimorphism not detected. Head. Vertex, frons, palps and antennae monochrome, covered with ochreous scales. Sensilla trichodea (often referred to as “cilia”) on antennae denser and longer in males. Thorax dorsally, legs and tegula ochreous, thorax ventrally creamy. Forewing length in males 6.3–7.4 mm (mean 6.9, N = 10), in females 6.5–8.2 mm (mean 7.3, N = 4). Forewing elongated, with costa convex basally and slightly concave apically, costal fold rudimentary (Fig. 3A). Upperside background ochreous to ferruginous with darker transverse or reticulate pattern. Markings brown to grey brown: basal blotch usually ill-defined, expressed mainly at costa and dorsum; median fascia widened at the middle. Subapical blotch triangular, ill-defined, sometimes connected with the median fascia. Cilia concolourous or paler than background. Underside pale grey-brown, sometimes with ill-defined reticulate pattern and creamy longitudinal blotch in the distal half of costa. Hindwing grey on both sides with underside paler, cilia whitish with grey line. Abdomen grey. Male genitalia (Fig. 4A, B). Uncus ovoid, widening apically, rounded, gnathos relatively large, socius membranous. Valvae pointed dorsolaterally when mounted on slide. Costal sclerite of valva relatively narrow, with short elliptic labis covered with small acanthae and extended into triangular pointed medial process (Fig. 5A, B). Apical part of sacculus ca. 1.4× longer than basal part, both forming angle of 145–155°, saccular process pointed. Membranous part of valva with protuberance bearing tuft of firmly attached, relatively sparse scales and setae; its terminal part with concave dorsal and convex ventral margin, brachiola ill-defined, pointed dorsolaterally. Posterior part of phallus slightly bent dorsally, with lateral process as long as 0.23× distance between anterior opening and tip of phallus, straight, in single specimen apically bent dorsally. Anterior and posterior part of phallus form angle of 130–140°. Caulis large, L-shaped, parallel to coecum. Vesica bent at ca. 110° dorsally, with small basal widening and terminal diverticulum mediodorsally, slightly pointed to right (Fig. 6A). One long, slightly curved deciduous cornutus attached ventroterminally adjacent to gonopore (Fig. 7A); single specimen with two cornuti. Female genitalia (Fig. 8A) with papillae anales not modified. Apophyses anteriores 1.3× longer than apophyses posteriores. Sterigma widened caudad, with shallow lateral sclerotised pockets cephalad and large excavation on the dorsal wall. Colliculum short, with length 0.14× length of ductus bursae, straight, funnel-shaped, with plicate longitudinal sclerotisation and lateral protrusion at right cranial end consisting of colourless thick cuticle. Ductus bursae long and narrow, emerging at left to cuticular protrusion, with cestum extending along cranial 0.9× of its length and expanding for short distance on corpus bursae. Ductus seminalis inserted dorsally at caudal end of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae ovoid, with large falcate signum with capitulum (Fig. 9A).

Figure 2. 

Adults of Clepsis neglectana species group A–C C. neglectana: A lectotype of Tortrix neglectana B male, Southern Germany C Female, Germany D–G C. striolana: D lectotype of T. striolana E paralectotype of T. striolana F male, Austria, South Tyrol G female, Austria, South Tyrol H–K C. trivia: H holotype of T. trivia I–J males, Crete K female, Crete L–M C. acclivana: L lectotype of Cacoecia acclivana M paralectotype of C. acclivana N T. severana holotype O Cacoecia unifasciana var. semiana holotype. Scale bar: 5 mm, all to scale.

Figure 3. 

Costal folds of males of Clepsis spp. A C. neglectana, Germany B C. striolana, Austria C C. trivia, Crete D C. acclivana, lectotype of Cacoecia acclivana E C. consimilana, neotype of Tortrix consimilana F C. eatoniana, Spain. Scale bar: 1 mm, all to scale.

Figure 4. 

Male genitalia of the Clepsis neglectana species group (some without phallus) A, B C. neglectana: A Tortrix neglectana lectotype B C. neglectana, Southern Germany C, D C. striolana: C T. striolana lectotype D C. striolana, Austria, North Tyrol E, F C. trivia: E T. trivia holotype F C. trivia, Crete. Scale bar: 500 μm, all to scale.

Figure 5. 

Labides of Clepsis spp. A, B C. neglectana: A Southern Germany B Finland C C. striolana, Austria, North Tyrol D C. trivia, Crete E C. acclivana, paralectotype of Cacoecia acclivana F, G C. consimilana: F Germany, neotype of Tortrix consimilana G Italy H C. eatoniana, Spain. Scale bar: 100 μm, all to scale.

Figure 6. 

Phalli with vesicae everted of the Clepsis neglectana species group A C. neglectana, Germany B C. striolana, Austria C C. trivia, Crete D C. acclivana, paralectotype of Cacoecia acclivana. The phallus of each species is shown in three aspects from top to bottom: sclerotised phallic tube (without vesica) in dorsal view (viewpoint marked with black arrow), vesica in dorsal view (viewpoint marked with white arrow) and whole phallus in left view. 1 cornutus, 2 diverticulum, 3 location of gonopore, 4 phallic process, 5 caulis. Scale bar: 250 μm.

Figure 7. 

Specialised male setae in Clepsis spp. A–E cornuti: A C. neglectana, Finland B C. striolana, Austria C C. trivia, Crete D C. consimilana, neotype of Tortrix consimilana E C. eatoniana, Spain F modified large seta from the medial surface of valva of C. consimilana, Germany. Scale bar: 100 μm, all to scale.

Figure 8. 

Female genitalia of the Clepsis neglectana species group A C. neglectana, Finland B C. striolana, Austria C C. trivia, Crete. The top row shows the whole genitalia, the bottom row shows the sterigma and colliculum enlarged. 1 papilla analis, 2 apophysis posterior, 3 sterigma, 4 colliculum, 5 apophysis anterior, 6 ductus seminalis, 7 ductus bursae, 8 cestum, 9 corpus bursae, 10 falcate signum, 11 plate shaped signum, 12 ostium, 13 sclerotised plicae, 14 protrusion. Scale bars: 1 mm (top row), 250 μm (bottom row).

Figure 9. 

Signa of bursa copulatrix in Clepsis spp. A C. neglectana B C. striolana C C. trivia D C. consimilana E C. eatoniana F A detail of plate shaped signum of C. consimilana consisting of sclerotised papillae. 1 falcate signum, 2 plate shaped signum, 3 cestum. Scale bars: 250 μm (A–E, all to scale), 25 μm (F).

Preimaginal stages are unknown.

(Fig. 16). BIN: BOLD:AAM0282. DNA barcodes identical (N = 2). The minimum distance to the nearest BIN-sharing neighbour, C. striolana, is 1.53%.

(Fig. 17). Central and Northern Europe. Previous records from other parts of the Palaearctic (e.g., Wang et al. 2003) need reconsideration.

Moths were collected in July and the beginning of August. The larval host plant is stated as Fragaria (Razowski 2002) but due to repeated misidentifications this record as well as published habitats need verification.

This is the oldest described taxon from the group. Many other taxa were subsequently synonymised, but at least three of them are species bona and three others are incertae sedis (see below).

Lectotype ♂ by designation of Razowski (1979), pinned, with 5 labels: “Tortrix / striolana Rag. / Bull. Soc. ent. Fr., / 1879, p. 132.” [handwritten] “striolatana [sic] / Rag. Helv.” [handwritten] “Type” [printed red] “1901 / coll. E. L. Ragonot / Muséum Paris” “Zool. Mus. Berlin / Genit. – Unters. / Nr. 287.” [printed]; male genitalia on a slide with two labels: “287. / Clepsis / striolana / Ragonot / Type.” “287. Clepsis / striolana Rag. / Helv. / Bull. Soc. Ent. / Fr. 1879 p. 132 / Type.” [both handwritten, with red border].

SWITZERLAND • 1 ♂; E. L. Ragonot leg.; GS 287; MNHN.

Paralectotype ♀ pinned, with three labels: “Striolatana [sic] / Rag. Helv.” [handwritten] “1901 / coll. E. L. Ragonot / Muséum Paris” [printed] ‘Allotype’ [handwritten red].

SWITZERLAND • 1 ♀; E. L. Ragonot leg.; MNHN.

Other material: AUSTRIA • 2 ♂♂; North Tyrol, Stanzach, Blockau; alt. 920 m; 5 Jul. 1989; P. Huemer leg.; GS TOR 6; TLMF • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data; 16 Jul. 1989; P. Huemer leg.; GS 1/11.10.2017, 2/11.10.2017; TLMF • 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data; 26 Jul. 1989; P. Huemer leg.; GS 3/11.10.2017; TLMF • ITALY • 3 ♂♂; Südtirol, Prad, Praderfeld; alt. 900 m; 9 Jul. 1991; P. Huemer leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; same collection data; 20. Jun. 1998; T. Mayr leg.; TLMF; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; prov. Torino, Val Chisone, Fenestrelle; alt. 1150 m; Aug. 1928; G. Della-Beffa leg.; NHMW.

This is the only species of the C. neglectana group with a uniform wing pattern in both sexes. Unlike the males of C. neglectana, the costal fold is developed. The male genitalia are very similar to C. neglectana but the setal tuft of the valva is better developed, the uncus is slightly longer, the sacculus is more angled, the vesica bears two cornuti instead of one, and the shape of the labis is different. The female genitalia are also similar to C. neglectana, although some differences in the colliculum (the transparent cuticular protrusions) are present. The colliculum is much shorter and straighter in C. striolana than in C. trivia.

Adult (Fig. 2D–G). Sexual dimorphism not detected. Head. Vertex, frons, palps and antennae monochrome, covered with ochreous scales. Sensilla trichodea on antennae denser and longer in males. Thorax dorsally, legs and tegula ochreous, thorax ventrally creamy. Forewing with length 8.0–8.2 mm (mean 8.1, N = 3), relatively wide, with costa convex basally and straight apically, costal fold small, extending from base to 0.4× length of costal margin (Fig. 3B). Upperside background ochreous with fulvous reticulate pattern, underside pale grey-brown with creamy margins, cilia pale ochreous. Hindwing upperside pale grey, underside whitish, cilia whitish with grey line. Abdomen grey. Male genitalia (Fig. 4C, D). Uncus ovoid, widening dorsally, rounded, gnathos relatively large, socius membranous. Valvae pointed dorsolaterally when mounted on slide. Costal sclerite of valva relatively narrow, with short round labis covered with small acanthae and extended into pointed medial process (Fig. 5C). Apical part of sacculus ca. 1.4× longer than basal part, both forming an angle of 135–140°, saccular process nearly right angled. Membranous part of valva with protuberance bearing compact tuft of dense, firmly attached scales and setae; its terminal part with concave dorsal and convex ventral margin, brachiola large, pointed laterally. Posterior part of phallus straight, with lateral process as long as 0.28× distance between anterior opening and tip of phallus, apically bent dorsally. Anterior and posterior part of phallus form angle of 135–145°. Caulis large, Z-shaped, parallel to coecum. Vesica bent at ca. 130° dorsally, with small basal widening and terminal diverticulum dorsolaterally, pointed to right (Fig. 6B). Two long, slightly curved deciduous cornuti attached ventroterminally adjacent to gonopore (Fig. 7B). Female genitalia (Fig. 8B) with papillae anales not modified. Apophyses anteriores 1.7× longer than apophyses posteriores. Sterigma widened caudad, with shallow lateral sclerotised pockets cephalad and large excavation on the dorsal wall. Colliculum short, with length 0.15× length of ductus bursae, straight, funnel-shaped, with plicate longitudinal sclerotisation, larger right and smaller left lateral protrusions at cranial end consisting of colourless thick cuticle. Ductus bursae long and narrow, emerging at left between cuticular protrusions, with cestum extending along cranial 0.9× of its length and expanding for short distance on corpus bursae. Ductus seminalis inserted dorsally at caudal end of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae ovoid, with large falcate signum with capitulum (Fig. 9B).

Preimaginal stages are unknown.

(Fig. 16). BIN: BOLD:AAM0282. The intraspecific average and maximum distances of the barcode region is unknown (N = 1). The minimum distance to the nearest BIN-sharing neighbour, C. neglectana, is 1.53%.

(Fig. 17). This species seems to be limited to the Alps: Switzerland, Austria and Italy.

Moths were collected from late June to August on sparse scree along alpine rivers. The larval host plant is unknown.

The genitalia of this species resemble those of C. neglectana, only a few details in certain structures are different. The genetic distance (though small) and wing pattern both support the existence of two separate taxa.

Holotype ♂, pinned, with 6 labels: “Tunis / 27.5 / Coll. O. Leonhard” “T / 29” “Tortrix / trivia Meyr. / type” “Holotypus” [red label] “DEI Müncheberg / Lep-00335” [green label] “Gen.-Präp. / 3145 / präp. Karisch, 2014”.

TUNISIA • 1 ♂; 27 May; Leonhard leg.; GS 3145; SDEI Lep-00335.

Other material: GREECE • 1 ♀; Crete, Lassithi region, Agios Joannis; alt.250 m; 28 Apr. 2003; W. Ruckdeschel leg.; GS 1/12.10.2017; TLMF • 1 ♀; same collection data; 1 May 2003; GS 2/12.10.2017; TLMF • 2 ♂♂; Crete, Lassithi region, Koutsounari; alt. 100 m; 1 May 2003; W. Ruckdeschel leg.; GS 1/13.10.2017, 2/13.10.2017; TLMF • 1 ♀; Crete, Lassithi region, Achlia at Koutsouras; alt. 30 m; 5 Nov. 2004; W. Ruckdeschel leg.; GS 3/13.10.2017; TLMF • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data; 7 Nov. 2004; GS 4/13.10.2017, 5/13.10.2017, 6/13.10.2017; TLMF • 1 ♀; same collection data; 9 Apr. 2008; GS 1/14.10.2017; TLMF • 3 ♂♂; same collection data; 12 Apr. 2008; GS 1/15.10.2017, 2/15.10.2017, 3/15.10.2017; TLMF.

The species is most similar to C. acclivana. Externally the males differ in their wing markings, which are better defined in C. acclivana. The wings in C. trivia are also more elongated. The gnathos of C. trivia has angled arms, the sacculus is straighter, the brachiola is displaced dorsally, the phallic process has a different orientation but the vesica is very similar to C. acclivana. The wing pattern of C. trivia females is similar to those of both the C. consimilana and C. neglectana groups, but is C. trivia is paler. Clepsis trivia has the longest colliculum among the known females of the C. neglectana group.

Adult. Sexual dimorphism prominent. Male (Fig. 2H–J). Head. Vertex pale fulvous, frons, palps and antennae with ochreous scales. Antennae with numerous sensilla trichodea as long as width of flagellomeres. Thorax dorsally fulvous, ventrally creamy, legs pale brown, tegula creamy with fulvous anterior part. Forewing relatively elongate, with length 6.1–7.9 mm (mean 7.3, N = 7). Costa convex basally and straight apically, with small costal fold extending from base to 0.4–0.5× length of costal margin (Fig. 3C). Background pale yellowish with ill-defined reticulate pattern. Basal blotch ill-defined, consisting of small transverse fulvous markings. Median fascia brown or fulvous, widened at middle. Subapical blotch triangular, ill-defined, connected with median fascia. Underside pale grey-brown with creamy area in distal half of costa. Cilia concolourous with background. Hindwing upperside pale grey, underside whitish, cilia white. Abdomen pale grey. Male genitalia (Fig. 4E, F). Uncus wide, more or less round apically, with parallel lateral margins, gnathos with relatively large median part and angled arms, socius membranous. Valvae pointed laterally or slightly dorsolaterally when mounted on slide. Costal sclerite wide, with elongated labis covered with large acanthae (Fig. 5D). Apical part of sacculus 1.6× longer than basal part, both forming an angle of 150–160°, saccular process pointed, relatively small. Membranous part of valva with protuberance lacking tuft of setae but has deciduous scales, terminal part with small dorsal and large ventral curvature, brachiola prominent, pointed dorsally. Posterior part of phallus slightly sinuate, with lateral process 0.24× distance between anterior opening and tip of phallus, weakly curved dorsad or rarely parallel to tip. Anterior and posterior part of phallus form angle of 130°. Caulis small, diverging from coecum. Vesica bent at 110–130° dorsad, with basal widening and terminal diverticulum dorsally, slightly pointed to right (Fig. 6C). Three ventroapically located deciduous cornuti adjacent to gonopore (Fig. 7C). Female more unicolourous than male (Fig. 2K). Head as in male but sensilla trichodea less numerous and shorter. Thorax as in male but tegula fulvous. Forewing length 6.6–7.9 mm (mean 7.3, N = 5). Costa convex basally and slightly concave apically. Upperside background pale yellowish with pale fulvous reticulate pattern, without markings, underside pale grey-brown with creamy area in distal half of costa, cilia concolourous with upperside. Hindwings upperside pale grey, underside and cilia whitish. Abdomen grey. Female genitalia (Fig. 8C). Papillae anales not modified. Apophyses anteriores slightly longer (1.1×) than apophyses posteriores. Sterigma widened caudad, with small shallow lateral pockets cephalad and large excavation on dorsal wall, lamella antevaginalis narrow. Colliculum asymmetrical, with length 0.2× length of ductus bursae, funnel-shaped, bent to left, with plicate longitudinal sclerotisation, large elongated protrusion at right and a small one at left both consisting of colourless thick cuticle. Ductus bursae long and narrow, emerging dorsally of cuticular protrusions. Cestum expanding for short distance on corpus bursae and extending along cranial part of ductus bursae for 0.9× of its length. Ductus seminalis inserted dorsolaterally at caudal end of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae ovoid, with large falcate signum with capitulum and flat signum located near end of cestum consisting of sclerotised papillae (Fig. 9C).

(Fig. 16). BIN: BOLD:ACT3810. The intraspecific average distance of the barcode region is 0.08%, the maximum distance 0.16% (p-dist) (N = 4). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbour, C. eatoniana, is 3.34%.

(Fig. 17). Known from Tunisia (type locality) and Crete.

The moths fly in the middle of April to late May and in early November, which may indicate two generations per year.

Meyrick (1913) described C. trivia from a single male. The name remained valid until Karisch and Blackstein (2014) dissected the holotype (by monotypy) and synonymised it with C. neglectana. Despite of proposed synonymy, they explicitly stated that C. acclivana and C. trivia are very similar to each other but differ from C. neglectana. We find very little support for synonymy between C. neglectana, C. trivia, and C. acclivana. The holotype of C. trivia has very similar wing pattern to the males collected in Crete, and the male genitalia (apart from the unstudied vesica of the holotype) appear identical, therefore the Cretan population can be assigned to C. trivia despite lacking barcode data for the holotype. There is a considerable DNA barcode gap between C. trivia (from Crete) and C. neglectana (from Europe) which also supports existence of two taxa.

Lectotype ♂ by designation of Razowski (1979), pinned, with 6 labels: “Nord-Libanon / Becharré, 1400 m / 21.–28.vi.[19]31. Zerny” “Cacoecia / acclivana / Zerny Type!” [handwritten] “Cacoecia” ♂ / acclivana Zerny / N. Obraztsov det. 1965 / prep. No. V. 49” [handwritten and printed] “Lectotype” [green label] “Nat. hist. Mus. / Wien / Gen. Praep. / MV 2533” [blue label] “NHMW / Type fot / 2013”; male genitalia on a slide with two labels: “Cacoecia” / acclivana / Zerny / Nord-Libanon / Becharré / 1400 m 21.–28.vi / 1931 Zerny” “♂ / V. 49 / Mus. Vind. 2533 / Lectotypus” [both handwritten].

LEBANON • 1 ♂; Bsharri; alt. 1400 m; 21–28 Jun. 1931; Zerny leg.; GS V. 49; NHMW 2533.

Paralectotype ♂, pinned, with four labels: “Nord-Libanon / Becharré, 1400 m / 11.–20.vi.[19]31. Zerny” “Lectoparatype” [green label] “Cacoecia / acclivana / Zerny Type!” [handwritten] “NHMW / Gen. Prep. ♂ / No. 1/15.2.2018”; male genitalia on a slide with two labels: “Paralectotype / Cacoecia acclivana / Zerny, 1933 / Nord-Libanon, Becharré, 1400 / m, 11.–20.vi.[19]31, Zerny” [red label] “NHMW / Gen. prep. / ♂ / No. 1/15.2.2018 / B. Zlatkov 2018 Euparal”.

LEBANON • 1 ♂; Bsharri; alt. 1400 m; 11–20 Jun. 1931; Zerny leg.; GS 1/15.2.2018; NHMW.

Clepsis acclivana is most similar to C. trivia but the forewings are paler and wider with more distinct markings, the uncus is narrower, the median part of the gnathos is smaller and its arms are not angled, the sacculus is more curved, the labis is more massive and with shorter acanthae, and the apex of the phallic process is curved ventrolaterally instead of dorsally.

Adult. Sexual dimorphism unknown. Male (Fig. 2L, M). Head. Vertex pale fulvous, frons, palps and antennae with ochreous scales. Antennae with numerous sensilla trichodea as long as width of flagellomeres. Thorax dorsally pale fulvous, ventrally creamy, legs pale brown, tegula pale fulvous. Forewing with length of 7.8 mm (in both specimens), costa basally convex, apically straight, with costal fold extending from base to 0.4× length of costal margin (Fig. 3D). Upperside background pale yellowish with fulvous reticulate pattern. Markings ill-defined, consisting of brown and ferruginous scales: basal blotch faint, with remnants only at costa as dark line; median fascia narrow, more prominent at dorsum; subapical blotch reduced, dash-like. Cilia concolourous with background. Underside pale grey-brown, costal and terminal areas creamy with some reticulate pattern. Hindwings upperside monochrome pale grey, cilia concolourous, underside whitish. Abdomen pale grey. Male genitalia (Fig. 10A, B). Uncus round apically, with parallel lateral margins, gnathos relatively small, socius membranous. Valvae pointed laterally or ventrolaterally when mounted on slide. Costal sclerite of valva very wide, with short wide labis covered with small acanthae (Fig. 5E). Basal and apical parts of sacculus with equal length forming angle of ca. 140°, saccular process almost right-angled, relatively large. Membranous part of valva with protuberance devoid of tuft of setae but has deciduous scales; its terminal part with nearly symmetrical dorsal and ventral curvature, brachiola prominent, pointed laterally. Posterior part of phallus slightly sinuate, with lateral process as long as 0.29× distance between anterior opening and tip of phallus, apically bent ventrolaterally. Anterior and posterior part of phallus form angle of 130°. Caulis large, diverging widely from coecum. Vesica bent at ca. 110° dorsad, with basal widening and terminal diverticulum dorsally, slightly pointed to right. Three sockets of ventroapically located deciduous cornuti adjacent to gonopore are detectable (Fig. 6D).

Figure 10. 

Male genitalia of the Clepsis neglectana species group (some without phallus) A–B C. acclivana: A Cacoecia acclivana lectotype B C. acclivana paralectotype, right valva intentionally not cleaned from scales C Clepsis semiana, holotype of Cacoecia unifasciana var. semiana. Scale bar: 500 μm, all to scale.

Female unknown.

Preimaginal stages unknown.

Unknown.

Known from the type locality only: Lebanon (Fig. 17).

Not known.

Comparison of the wing pattern and genitalia of the lectotype and paralectotype of C. acclivana with the species considered above confirmed the assumption that it is a distinct species. The barcoding distance to the other species was not studied because of lack of fresh material, but the great similarity in all morphological characters of the two specimens convinced us that they can represent a distinct species, therefore we resurrect the initial status of the taxon acclivana synonymised by Razowski (1979) with C. neglectana.

Without further morphological or genetic support the following species cannot be interpreted with certainty, but the synonymy with C. neglectana, C. acclivana or C. trivia does not seem justified for now. They demonstrate some morphological gap; at least the differences between them are not smaller than the differences with the above mentioned species of the group. Additional material and genetic study is necessary to solve their real status.

The species was synonymised with C. neglectana by Razowski (1979) based on examination of the genitalia of the female holotype (Fig. 2N). The slide subsequently was lost and we were unable to re-examine the genitalia. Regarding the type locality (Algeria) it seems unlikely that this taxon is conspecific with C. neglectana.

Holotype ♂: pinned, with 4 labels: “Cacoecia / unifasciana / v. semiana” [handwritten] “Type” [red, printed] “8.6” [handwritten] “Holotype / Clepsis semiana / (Chrétien, 1915) / Zlatkov & Huemer, 2019 des.” [red, printed].

TUNISIA • 1 ♂; MNHN.

The male genitalia of C. semiana (Fig. 10C) are very similar to those of C. striolana. However, there is a clear difference in the wing pattern. Though the lectotype of C. unifasciana var. semiana is poorly preserved, some poorly defined markings can be detected (Fig. 2O). The physical distance between the populations of this taxon and C. striolana is considerable and it is very unlikely that var. semiana is conspecific. The synonymy between C. semiana and C. consimilana proposed by Obraztsov (1955) is not justified. Apparently, it is rooted in the initial incorrect assignment of var. striolana to Cacoecia unifasciana, but the latter turned out to be a junior synonym of Clepsis consimilana (see below) . The taxon var. semiana was mechanically moved to the synonymic list of C. consimilana without studying the genitalia of the type specimen.

Neotype ♂ (here designated): pinned, with 5 labels: “Gehegs / Dresden / 18.vi.1922 / E. Möbius” “Coll. E. Möbius / Ankauf 1946” “Neotype / Tortrix consimilana / Hübner, 1817 / Zlatkov & Huemer, 2019 des.” [red printed] “Museum für Tierkunde Dresden / Gen. prep. / ♂ / No. 2/30.11.2018” “Clepsis consimilana / (Hübner, 1817) / Zlatkov & Huemer, 2019 det.”; genitalia on a slide with two labels: “Neotype / Tortrix consimilana / Hübner, 1817 / [Germany] Dresden, Gehegs / 18.vi.1922, E. Möbius / Zlatkov & Huemer, 2019 des.” [red printed] “Museum für Tierkunde Dresden / Gen. Prep. / ♂ / No. 2/30.11.2018 / B. Zlatkov 2018 Euparal”.

GERMANY • 1 ♂; Dresden, Gehegs; 18 Jun. 1922; E. Möbius leg.; GS 2/30.11.2018; MTD.

Lectotype ♂ of Tortrix unifasciana (here designated): pinned, with 5 labels: “unifasciana” [handwritten] “Duponch[el]” [round, handwritten] “713” [round handwritten] “Type” [red printed] “Chr. Gibeaux dét. / prép. génit. n° 4231 ♂ / unifasciana / Dup.” [printed and handwritten]; male genitalia on a slide with two labels: “Tortrix / unifasciana / Dup., 1842 / Type” [handwritten with red border] “Chr. Gibeaux dét. / prép. génit. n° 4231 ♂ / Clepsis / consimilana Hb. / 30.x.91 Euparal M. P.” [printed and handwritten].

FRANCE • 1 ♂; GS 4231; MNHN.

Holotype ♂ of Siclobola placida: pinned, with four labels: “Tananarive” “Type: ♂ / Siclobola / placida / A. Diakonoff 1946” [printed and handwritten] “Holotype” [printed red] “Siclobola / unifasciana / placida / 1959 Diak. / det. A. Diakonoff” [printed and handwritten]; genitalia on glass slide pinned to the holotype, with one label: “536.D.”

MADAGASCAR • 1 ♂; Antananarivo; MNHN 536.D.

Other material: GERMANY • 1 ♂; Dresden, Gehegs; 24 Jun. 1921; E. Möbius leg.; GS 1/30.11.2018; MTD • 1♂; Dresden, Lössaltz; 28 Jun. 1935; E. Möbius leg.; GS 2/3.12.2018; MTD • 1 ♂; same collection data; 3 Aug. 1935; GS 1/3.12.2018; MTD • 1 ♀; Fritzsche leg.; GS 1/4.12.2018; MTD • 1 ♂; Sylt; GS 2/5.11.2018; ZSM • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Baden Württemberg, Marbach am Neckar; 29 Jun. 1957; L. Süssner leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; Bayern, München, Hochmutting; 19 Aug. 1988; H. Kolbeck leg.; TLMF • 1 ♀; Kehlheim; 12 Jun. 1997; H. Kolbeck leg.; TLMF • ITALY • 1 ♂; prov. Verona, Monte; alt. 300 m; 20 Aug. 1994; Franz leg.; GS 1/16.10.2017; TLMF • 1 ♂, same collection data; 7 Jun. 1991; K. Burmann et al. leg.; GS 2/16.10.2017; TLMF • 2 ♀♀; same collection data; 1 Oct. 1994; Burmann et Erlebach leg.; GS 3/16.10.2017, 4/16.10.2017; TLMF • 1 ♂; prov. Verona, Albisano; alt. 450 m; 27 May–3 Jun. 1962; K. Burmann leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; prov. Trentino, Pietramurata; alt. 250 m; mid Jun. 1978; F. Zürnbauer leg.; TLMF • 1 ♀; Verona, Mte. Maderno; alt. 250 m; mid Sep. 1963; K. Burmann leg.; TLMF • 1 ♀; Südtirol, Auer; 21 Jun. 1957; Hernegger leg.; TLMF • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Südtirol, Eing. Schnalstal; alt. 700 m; mid Jun.1968; K. Burmann leg.; TLMF • 2 ♀♀; Südtirol, S Kalterer See; alt. 230 m; 26 Jun. 1990; P. Huemer leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; same collection data; 14 Jun. 1991; TLMF • 2 ♂♂; Südtirol, Umg. Bozen, Kampenn; 26 Jun. 1991; P. Huemer leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; Carrara; alt. 200 m; early Jun. 1979; F. Zürnbauer leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Elba, Porto Ferroio; alt. 40 m; late May 1967; F. Zürnbauer leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; Sardinia, Umg. Tempio, Mte. Limbara; alt. 1200 m; 27 May1973; Laubmeier, Sommerer & Witt leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; Sardinia, Umg. Aritzo, Gennargentu; alt. 750 m; 4–5 Jun. 1973; Laubmeier, Sommerer & Witt leg.; TLMF • POLAND • 1 ♂; Poznań, Ogrody; 13 Jun. 2012; W. Kubasik leg; GS 1/15.3.2019; • CWK 1♂; Poznań, Ogrody; 19 Jun. 2012; W. Kubasik leg.; GS 2/15.3.2019; CWK • 1 ♀; Komorniki; 19 Jun. 2002; GS 1/15.3.2002; W. Kubasuk leg.; CWK • AUSTRIA • 2 ♂♂; Wien, Döbling, Cobenzl; alt. 385 m; 15 Jun. 2012; F. Lichtenberger leg.; TLMF • 3 ♂♂; Niederösterreich, 10 km SE Schwechat, Seiherwiese; 1 Jul. 1998; F. Lichtenberger leg.; TLMF • 3 ♂♂; Niederösterreich, Ebreichsdorf, Welscherhalten; 2 Jul. 1999, F. Lichtenberger leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; Niederösterreich, Rubring; 20 Jun. 1998; F. Hofmann leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; Niederösterreich, Amstetten, Sonnleiten; 16 Jun. 1997; H. Brandstetter leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; Niederösterreich, Purgstall/Erlauf; 7 Jul. 1995; F. Ressl leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; Oberösterreich, Linz, Biologiezentrum; 11 Jun. 2002; J. Wimmer leg.; GS 3771; TLMF • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Vorarlberg, Hard, Fußach, NSG Rheindelta-Rohrspitz; alt. 397 m; 29 Jun. 1992; P. Huemer leg.; TLMF • FRANCE • 1 ♂; Alpes Maritimes, Nice, Bd. Tzarewitsch; 26 May 1971; F. Dujardin leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; Alpes Martitimes, mt. Alban; alt. 200 m; 4 Jun. 1962; F. Dujardin leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; Bouches du Rhone, La Ciotat; 4 May 1994; J. Nel leg.; GS 9763 TLMF • 1 ♂; Var, Massif du Pradet; J. Nel leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; Vaucluse, Mormoiron; alt. 20 m; 6 May 2000; J. Nel leg.; TLMF • 2 ♂♂; Corse, Pinarello; alt. 10 m; early Jun. 1972; F. Zürnbauer leg.; TLMF • CROATIA • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Rovinij; alt. 50 m; 10 Sep. 2002; H. Deutsch leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂; Cres isl., Stivian; 14–17 May 1996; F. Lichtenberger leg.; TLMF • GREECE • 1 ♂; Crete, Heraklion prefecture, Fodele; alt. 100 m; 25 May 2000; W. Ruckdeschel leg.; GS 5/16.10.2017; TLMF • BULGARIA • 1 ♂; Petrich district, Rupite area; 41.4620°N, 23.2583°E; alt. 200 m; 15 May 2007; B. Zlatkov leg.; GS 6/16.10.2017; NMNHS • ALBANIA • 1 ♂; Korça Region, Boboshtica Village; 40.5405°N, 20.7918°E; alt. 1220 m; 4 Jun. 2018; S. Beshkov leg.; GS 1/17.10.2018; NMNHS • MACEDONIA (Republic of Northern) • 1 ♂; Vardar River Valley, Demir Kapiya; 41.3826°N, 22.1958°E; alt. 240 m; 10 Jun. 2018; S. Beshkov & A. Nahirnic leg.; GS 2/17.10.2018; NMNHS • SPAIN • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Catalonia, Vidreras; 6–15 Jun. 1993; J. Wimmer leg.; TLMF.

The wing pattern of males resembles that of C. neglectana and C. eatoniana. The male genitalia are most similar to C. eatoniana but the phallic process is smaller, the phallus lacks a keel, the cornuti are smaller, the valvae are more slender, and the labis is different. The females of C. consimilana and C. eatoniana externally are very similar but the genitalia (colliculum) show considerable difference, it is much larger in C. eatoniana, with a long process at the left side.

Adult. Sexual dimorphism prominent. Male (Fig. 11A–F). Head. Vertex, frons and labial palps fulvous. Antennae with scapus and pedicellus ochreous, flagellum with fulvous brown-tipped scales and numerous sensilla trichodea as long as width of flagellomeres. Thorax. Dorsally fulvous, ventrally creamy, legs brownish. Tegula fulvous. Forewing relatively wide, with length 6.3–7.8 mm (mean 7.0, N = 13). Costa basally convex, apically straight, costal fold extending from base to ca. 0.4–0.6 of costa (Fig. 3E). Upperside background dark yellow with rusty reticulate pattern. Markings fulvous to brown: basal blotch atrophied, more prominent at dorsum forming dark dot; median fascia often with darker borders; subapical blotch triangular, often ill-defined. Cilia concolourous with background. Underside pale brown with creamy longitudinal blotch in the distal half of costal area. Hindwings upperside monochrome grey with paler cilia, underside with creamy costal half pale grey with scattered pale brown scales and monochrome pale grey dorsal half. Forewings with variable colouration, darker or paler, sometimes with reduced markings similarly to female (Fig. 11F). Abdomen. Grey. Male genitalia (Fig. 12A–E). Uncus with variable shape and median incision depending on preparation, more or less ovoid, widened distally, rounded. Gnathos plough-shaped. Socius small, membranous. Valvae pointed dorsolaterally when mounted on slide. Costal sclerite protruded medially into large triangular labis with elongated tip (Fig. 5F, G). Apical part of sacculus ca. 1.6× longer than basal part, both forming angle of 160–165°, saccular process small, curved, thorn-shaped. Distal part of valva membranous, widened apically and protruding into small brachiola, costal edge slightly convex, with longitudinal fold on the median surface bearing row of 5–8 large modified setae. Phallus smooth, coecum medially concave, basal part curved ventrad at ca. 140°, distal part smoothly curved dorsad, with small sharp tipped lateral process as long as 0.26× distance between anterior opening and tip of phallus, slightly curved laterally and not overpassing tip of phallus. Caulis small, adjoining coecum. Vesica cylindrical, curved at angle of 100–120° to phallus, with expansion basally and finger-like sinistrodorsal diverticulum (Fig. 13A, B). Three to four deciduous aciculate, robust, weakly sinuate, slightly flattened cornuti attached ventroapically (Fig. 7D). Gonopore located at left to cornuti sockets and diverticulum. Female darker than male, with uniform forewings (Fig. 11G, H). Head. Frons, vertex and labial palps fulvous to ochreous, antennae with fulvous brown-tipped scales and sparse sensilla trichodea shorter than width of flagellomeres. Thorax dorsally ochreous, ventrally creamy, legs brownish. Forewing length 6.3–7.6 mm (mean 6.8, N = 3). Upperside ground colour ochreous to rusty with darker reticulated pattern and more or less atrophied ill-defined markings. Basal blotch reduced to dark spot at dorsum, median fascia more or less prominent in costal and dorsal area or completely reduced. Cilia paler than background. Underside pale brown, costal and terminal areas paler or creamy with reticulate pattern. Hindwing upperside pale grey, underside with whitish or pale grey reticulate patterned costal half and monochrome pale grey dorsal half. Abdomen. Grey. Female genitalia with papillae anales not modified (Fig. 14A). Apophyses anteriores 1.5× longer than apophyses posteriores. Sterigma widened caudad, with lateral sclerotised pockets cephalad, large excavation on the dorsal wall and wide v-shaped lamella antevaginalis. Colliculum large, with length 0.17× length of ductus bursae, slightly bent to left, funnel-shaped, with plicate longitudinal sclerotisation forming small process at left, and spherical protrusion at cranial end consisting of colourless thick cuticle. Ductus bursae long and narrow, emerging at left side of cuticular protrusion, with cestum extending along cranial 0.8× of its length. Ductus seminalis inserted dorsally at caudal end of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae ovoid, with large falcate signum with capitulum and flat signum located near end of cestum consisting of sclerotised papillae (Fig. 9D, F).

Figure 11. 

Adults of Clepsis consimilana species group A–H C. consimilana: A illustration from the original description of Tortrix consimilana B neotype of T. consimilana C male, Bulgaria D lectotype of T. unifasciana E Holotype of Siclobola placida F male, Poland G female, Italy H female, Poland I–L C. eatoniana: I Lectotype of T. eatoniana J male, Spain K Lectotype of Tortrix xylotoma (courtesy by D. Lees and Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London) L female, Spain. Scale bar: 5 mm, all to scale.

Figure 12. 

Male genitalia of the Clepsis consimilana species group (some without phallus) A–E C. consimilana: A Tortrix consimilana neotype B C. consimilana, Italy C C. consimilana, Albania D Siclobola placida holotype E T. unifasciana lectotype F T. eatoniana lectotype. Scale bar: 500 μm, all to scale.

Figure 13. 

Phalli with vesicae everted of the Clepsis consimilana species group A–B C. consimilana: A neotype of Tortrix consimilana B specimen from Italy C C. eatoniana, Spain. The phallus of each species is shown in three aspects from top to bottom: sclerotised phallic tube (without vesica) in dorsal view, tip of vesica in dorsal view and whole phallus in left view. Scale bar: 250 μm.

Figure 14. 

Female genitalia of the Clepsis consimilana species group A C. consimilana, Italy B C. eatoniana, Spain. The sterigma and colliculum are shown enlarged to the right of the whole genitalia. Scale bars: 1 mm (whole genitalia), 250 μm (sterigma and colliculum).

Detailed descriptions of the ovum, larvae of all instars, and pupa are provided by Sheldon (1920) and Bradley et al. (1973). The chaetotaxy of the larva is described by Swatschek (1958).

(Fig. 16). BIN: BOLD:AAC4212. The intraspecific average of the barcode region is 0.34%, the maximum distance 1.08% (p-dist) (N = 29). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbour, Clepsis eatoniana, is 2.25%.

(Fig. 17). Europe, Asia Minor, Syria, European Russia, W Africa to Lebanon, Madagascar (introduced; the data come from the type specimen only), North America (introduced) (Bradley et al. 1973, Razowski 2002).

Moths are on the wing from May to October in shrubby habitats. The larvae feed on dead or withered leaves of Crataegus, Malus, Carpinus, Polygonum, Hedera, Lonicera, Ligustrum, Syringa, and overwinter in the third instar (Bradley et al. 1973).

The collection of Jakob Hübner was acquired by Vincenz Abbate Edler von Mazzola in the early part of the 19^th Century, and the European material was deposited in the “Hof-Naturalien-Kabinett” in 1823 where most of the material was destroyed by fire during the Vienna Rebellion of 1848 (Calhoun 2003, Gilligan and Wright 2013). Despite a personal search by PH we found no potential type material and conclude that the syntypes are lost or destroyed. As the boundaries of this taxon are revised, designation of a neotype is necessary to preserve the stability of nomenclature. The type locality is presumably Europe, as indicated by the title of the original description (Hübner 1817) and material may have originated from Germany as many other species described by Hübner. Here we designate as neotype a male specimen with an everted vesica and preserved cornuti, and wing pattern resembling the illustration in the work by Hübner (1817: pl. 38, fig. 239). Though not very detailed, this painting demonstrates some important differences with C. consimilana sensu auctt., namely the shape of basal fascia and costa, and questions the interpretation of the taxon. The painting either refers to another representative of the tribe Archipini or may be a result of an artistic decision. Without studying the type material any interpretation of the figure may be incorrect, therefore we prefer to preserve the present-day concept for C. consimilana. Obraztsov (1955) considered consimilana as a probable synonym of unifasciana. Bradley and Martin (1956) established the name consimilana as having priority over unifasciana, though they did not state explicitly this nomenclatorial act. We found support for this synonymy as the lectotype of Tortrix unifasciana appears conspecific with the neotype of C. consimilana. Razowski (1979) synonymised Tortrix eatoniana with C. consimilana (see below); this is not justified in our opinion. Some taxa from the synonymic list were not examined by us but, minding the minimal genetic diversity throughout Europe, we consider all of them correctly synonymised with C. consimilana. Cacoecia unifasciana var. semiana was erroneously regarded as a synonym of Clepsis consimilana (see above).

Lectotype ♂ by designation of Razowski (1979), pinned, with 7 labels: “Eatoniana / Rag. n. sp. / Portugal” [handwritten; the same label on backside:] “port Olivaes / Port. [ugal] / 24.4.80” “Tortrix / eatoniana Rag. / Ent. month. Mag., / 1881, 17, p. 231” [handwritten] “Mus. Paris / coll. Ragonot / 15997” [printed and handwritten] “Type” [red printed] “communiqué / á M. J. Kennel” [handwritten] “Genitalia ♂ / P. Viette / prép. No. 3699” [printed] “1901 / coll. E. L. Ragonot / Muséum Paris” [printed]; male genitalia on a slide with two labels: “♂ / Tortrix / eatoniana / Rag. / Type” “Prép. P. Viette / # 3699 / Muséum / Paris / Type” [both handwritten, with red border].

PORTUGAL • 1 ♂; Lisbon, Olivais; 24 Apr. 1880; Ragonot leg.; GS 3699; MNHN.

Lectotype ♂ of Tortrix xylotoma by designation of Razowski (1979), pinned, with 7 labels: “Bougie / Algeria / 25/4/90” [handwritten] “Tortrix / xylotoma / Meyr[ick] / Type ♂” [handwritten and printed] “Lecto- / type” [circular with violet border] “Type” [circular with red border] “♂ genitalia on / slide 6.IV.1949 / J.F.G.C. 9364” [printed and handwritten] “Meyrick coll. / B. M. 1938–290” “NHMUK010219594 [QR code]”.

ALGERIA • 1 ♂; Béjaïa; 25 Apr. 1890; Meyrick leg.; BMNH NHMUK010219594.

Other material: SPAIN • 8 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Valencia, El Saler, Albufera ; 39.3278°N, -0.3078°W; alt. 5 m; 18 May 2004; P. Huemer leg.; GS 1/18.10.2017, 2/18.10.2017, 3/18.10.2017; TLMF • 5 ♂♂, same collection data; 8 Sep. 2005; P. Huemer leg.; TLMF • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Valencia, 5 km NE Albufera, Sierra de Crevillente; alt. 450 m; 26 May 2004; P. Huemer leg.; TLMF • 1 ♀; Valencia, Santa Pola, Playa del Pinet; 38.1585°N, -0.6256°W; alt. 5 m; 5Sep. 2005; P. Huemer leg.; GS 4/18.10.2017; TLMF.

The wing pattern in males resembles those of C. trivia, C. acclivana, and C. consimilana. Clepsis eatoniana differs from C. consimilana, by the more yellowish instead of fulvous forewing ground colour. The most characteristic feature in the external morphology of C. eatoniana is the absence of a forewing costal fold, in contrast to C. consimilana. The male genitalia are similar to those in C. consimilana but the valva is more slender, elongate distally, and the modified large setae are more numerous and more slender. The phallus is adorned with spines, with the keel and terminal process overpassing its tip; in C. consimilana the phallus lack lateral spines and a keel, and the phallic process is shorter. The caulis in C. eatoniana is larger, the vesica is bent at nearly a right angle to the phallus, its diverticulum has different location, and the cornuti are more slender and smoother. Females of C. eatoniana are not distinguishable externally from the females of C. consimilana but differ from C. striolana by the presence of two brown dots on the forewing. The female genitalia of C. eatoniana are similar to those in both the C. neglectana and C. consimilana species groups, but the protrusion on the right side of the colliculum is much larger and elongated, and the sterigma has larger lateral pockets.

Adult. Sexual dimorphism prominent. Male (Fig. 11I–K). Head. Vertex fulvous, frons and labial palps brown. Antennae with brown scales on scapus and fulvous scales on pedicellus and flagellum, and with numerous sensilla trichodea as long as width of flagellomeres. Thorax. Fulvous dorsally and creamy ventrally, legs brownish. Tegula fulvous with brown costal margin. Forewing with length 6.8–7.4 mm (mean 7.1, N = 3), elongated, costa convex at basal half, slightly sinuate apically. Costal fold lacking (Fig. 3F). Upperside background dark yellow with fulvous reticulate pattern more prominent in the paler subterminal area, cilia concolourous or paler. Basal blotch atrophied, with remnants of darker scales at costa and dorsum. Median fascia brown with lead refractive tint, almost interrupted at middle of median cell by yellowish scales, often ceasing at vein CuA. Subapical blotch brown, triangular, more or less well defined. Underside pale grey-brown with creamy longitudinal blotch in distal half of costal area. Specimens with paler and darker forewings and incomplete median fascia observed. Hindwing upperside monochrome pale grey with paler cilia, underside whitish with scattered pale grey-brown scales. Abdomen. Grey. Male genitalia (Fig. 12F, 15). Uncus variably shaped, more or less trapezoidal, slightly widened distally, rounded, with slightly convex distal edge which may look incised if excessive pressure is applied on coverslip. Gnathos plough-shaped. Socius small, membranous. Valvae pointed dorsolaterally when mounted on slide. Costal sclerite wide, protruded medially into large triangular labis with elongated spinulate tip (Fig. 5H). Basal and apical part of sacculus of nearly equal length, both forming angle of 150–160°, saccular process large, flat, triangular. Distal part of valva membranous, comparatively small, narrow, with parallel costal and saccular margins, apically triangular, without distinct brachiola, with longitudinal fold on the median surface bearing row of 8–12 large modified setae. Apical part may look as brachiola due to deformation during preparation. Phallus robust, coecum medially concave, basal part curved ventrad at ca. 140°, distal part smoothly curved dorsad, with wide keel on left side grading into large sharp tipped lateral process as long as 0.23× distance between anterior opening and tip of phallus, slightly curved laterally and dorsally, overpassing phallic tip. Several more or less prominent spines pointed caudad located at basal part of keel. Caulis large, widely separated from coecum. Vesica cylindrical, curved at 80–90° to phallus, with small expansion basally and fingerlike dorsal diverticulum (Fig. 13C). Three deciduous, slender, straight cornuti attached ventroapically (Fig. 7E). Gonopore located in straight line with cornuti sockets and diverticulum. Female darker than male (Fig. 11L). Head. Vertex rusty, frons and labial palps brown. Whole antennae with brown scales, sensilla trichodea sparse, shorter than width of flagellomeres. Thorax. Rusty dorsally and creamy ventrally, legs brownish. Tegula rusty with brown costal margin. Forewing length 6.7 mm (n = 1), with shape as in males, upperside uniformly rusty with ill-defined reticulate pattern more distinct in distal half and two brown dots at dorsum, underside mainly creamy with scattered pale brown scales, denser in middle of wing. Hindwing upperside grey brown, underside creamy with darker dorsal part. Abdomen grey.

Figure 15. 

Male genitalia of the Clepsis consimilana species group: C. eatoniana A Tortrix xylotoma lectotype (courtesy by D. Lees and Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London) B C. eatoniana, Spain. Scale bar: 500 μm, all to scale.

Female genitalia (Fig. 14B). Papillae anales not modified. Apophyses anteriores 1.1× longer than apophyses posteriores. Sterigma relatively wide, widened cephalad, with large lateral sclerotised pockets, large excavation on dorsal wall and wide v-shaped median part of lamella antevaginalis. Colliculum large, with length 0.25× length of ductus bursae, asymmetrical, funnel-shaped, with well-developed sclerotisation and two evaginations: very large one at right and small one at left, both consisting of colourless thick cuticle. Ductus bursae long and narrow, emerging at left between out-pocketings, with cestum extending along cranial 0.7× of its length. Ductus seminalis inserted dorsally at caudal end of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae ovoid, with large falcate signum with capitulum and flat signum consisting of sclerotised papillae located near end of cestum (Fig. 9E).

Preimaginal stages unknown.

(Fig. 16). BIN: BOLD:AAJ1025. The intraspecific average of the barcode region is 0.09%, the maximum distance 0.15% (p-dist) (N = 2). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbour Clepsis consimilana is 2.25%.

Figure 16. 

Neighbour-joining tree of Clepsis neglectana and C. consimilana species groups (Kimura 2 parameter, built with MEGA6; cf. Tamura et al. 2013). Note: the scale bar only applies to internal branches between species. The width of the triangles represents the sample size, and the depth the relative genetic variation within the cluster (2× scale bar). Source: DNA Barcode data from BOLD (Barcode of Life Database, cf. Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007).

(Fig. 17). Europe. Portugal: Lisbon, Olivais; Ponte de Mucela (Ponte de Morcellos) (Ragonot 1881); Lusitania; Spain: Cadiz, Granada, Malaga, Sevilla, Zaragoza; possibly France (Gastón et al. 2017), Valencia. Africa: Algeria.

Figure 17. 

Distribution map of examined material of Clepsis neglectana and C. consimilana species groups. Map created with SimpleMappr (http://www.simplemappr.net).

The moths were collected in macchie habitat (Gastón et al. 2017) from April to the first half of September. The larval host plant is unknown.

The species was described by Ragonot (1881) after two males from Portugal. He emphasised its resemblance with C. consimilana. Razowski (1979) considered it conspecific with C. consimilana, probably relying on the superficial similarity of the modified setae of the valvae of these two taxa. The female remained unstudied until Gastón et al. (2017) described it again under the name C. razowskii. Tortrix xylotoma was sunk into C. neglectana by Razowski (1979). This synonym is not justified as the genitalia of the male lectotype (illustrated also by Clarke 1958: pl. 109) rather resemble C. eatoniana regarding the shape of labis, presence of modified setae on the valva, and morphology of the phallus. The preparation of the genitalia is poor, therefore the shape of uncus and valvae looks unusual. The wing pattern fits with C. eatoniana. After comparison of material from Spain, the lectotype of T. eatoniana, the lectotype of T. xylotoma, the original description of C. razowskii, and numerous photographs of specimens identified as C. razowskii by the authors of the latter taxon, we concluded that all these specimens are conspecific and the present valid name of the species should be C. eatoniana.