Research Article |
Corresponding author: Min Huang ( huangmin@nwsuaf.edu.cn ) Academic editor: Alexander Kirejtshuk
© 2019 XiaoXiao Chen, Min Huang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Chen X, Huang M (2019) One new species and three newly recorded species of Neopallodes Reitter from China (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae, Nitidulinae). ZooKeys 880: 75-84. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.880.38033
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One new species of the sap beetle genus Neopallodes, N. nigrescens sp. nov., is described and illustrated. New information on the distribution and illustrations of three species, N. dentatus Kirejtshuk, 1994, N. falsus Grouvelle, 1913 and N. vietnamicus Kirejtshuk, 1987, which are newly recorded from China, are also supplemented. A key to species of the genus Neopallodes from China is provided.
Chinese fauna, Cucujoidea, Cyllodes-complex, Cyllodini, distribution
The genus Neopallodes Reitter, 1884 was proposed for three species from Japan (
Prior to our studies, only three species, Neopallodes hilleri Reitter, 1877, N. inermis Reitter, 1884, and N. vicinus Grouvelle, 1892, have been recorded from China (
All materials for this study are deposited in the Entomological Museum of Northwest A&F University (NWAFU), Yangling, China. Most samples were preserved in 99% ethanol, although some were preserved as dried specimens. All photographs were taken using a Leica M205A microscope with a Leica DFC camera, and image stacking was done using LAS (Leica Application Suite) V3.7. Images were retouched with Adobe Photoshop CS6. Illustrations were drawn using Adobe Illustrator CS4.
Morphological terminology follows
Neopallodes
The genus Neopallodes can be distinguished from other genera of the Cyllodes complex by the following features: distance between metacoxae wider than that between procoxae and mesocoxae; tarsomeres simiple on all legs; male anal sclerite exposed from under truncate pygidial apex. This genus is similar to other cyllodin genera in East Asia, such as Pallodes, Coxollodes
Congeners of Neopallodes are mycophagous, and their adults are associated with the sporocarps and thalli of Agaricaceae (Basidiomycetes). So far, larvae are known to be found on the mycelia of these fungi or in their fruiting bodies (
1 | Dorsal surface without color spots (Figs |
2 |
– | Dorsal surface with dark spots (Figs |
4 |
2 | Outer apical angle of protibia without distinctly raised tooth (Fig. |
3 |
– | Outer apical angle of protibia with distinctly raised tooth; scutellum trapezoidal (Fig. |
N. dentatus Grouvelle, 1892 |
3 | Base of pronotum nearly three times as wide as long; antennal club subequal with or wider than prosternal process, antennal club subequal in length with antennomeres 2–8 together, antennomere 11 about as long as wide, antennomere 9 subequal in length with antennomere11; metaventrite without punctures in the middle and with fine and sparse punctures laterally | N. inermis (Reitter, 1885) |
– | Base of pronotum nearly 2.4 times as wide as long (Figs |
N. nigrescens sp. nov. |
4 | Outer apical angle of protibia without distinctly raised tooth; antennal club distinctly shorter than antennomeres 2–8 together; dorsal surface usually without color spots | N. vicinus Grouvelle, 1892 |
– | Outer apical angle of protibia with distinctly raised tooth; antennal club longer than or subequal with antennomeres 2–8 together; dorsal surface usually with distinct, large, blackish spots | 5 |
5 | Prosternal process flat apically; pronotum without dark spots at base; elytral surface with not quite regular longitudinal rows of punctures | N. hilleri (Reitter, 1877) |
– | Prosternal process carinate apically; pronotum with distinct, dark spots at base; elytral surface with distinctly regular longitudinal rows of punctures | 6 |
6 | Antennal club longer than antennomeres 2–8 together; elytra with longitudinal rows of punctures not quite regular at basal third; elytra with large, blackish spots at humeral angles; pronotum with two subcircular, blackish spots; protibia with strongly raised tooth. (Fig. |
N. vietnamicus (Kirejtshuk, 1987) |
– | Antennal club subequal in length with antennomeres 2–8 together; elytra with clearly longitudinal rows of punctures, including their basal third; elytra without spots at humeral angles; pronotum with two subtriangular, blackish spots; protibia with moderately raised tooth. (Fig. |
N. falsus (Grouvelle, 1913) |
Holotype , ♂: China: Yunnan Province, Chuxiong City, Zixi Mountain, 2450 m a.s.l., 13-VII-2018, Xiaoxiao CHEN (NWAFU). Paratypes, 5♂♂: Yunnan Province, Dali City, Cangshan Mountain, 2610 m a.s.l., 25°39'51"N, 100°07'10"W, 05-VI-2018, Xiaoxiao CHEN (NWAFU); 1♂: Yunnan Province, Qujing City, Junzi Mountain, 2310 m a.s.l., 30-VII-2018, Xiaoxiao CHEN (NWAFU); 2♂♂: Yunnan Province, Qujing City, Yehuagou, 1980 m a.s.l., 05-VII-2018, Xiaoxiao CHEN (NWAFU); 3♂♂, 8♀♀: Same as holotype; 2♂♂: Guizhou Province, Bijie City, Shangdi Mountain, 2240 m a.s.l., 26°52'13"N, 104°18'02"W, 06-VII-2018, Xiaoxiao CHEN (NWAFU).
Body size (♂): length 2.7–3.7, width 2.1–3.1 mm.
Body
: Body shiny, dorsum glabrous, abdomen with sparse and inconspicuous hairs, moderately convex dorsally and ventrally. Dorsal and ventral surface blackish with antennae and tarsi lighter, or dorsal surface blackish with elytra brightly brownish orange, ventral surface yellowish brown with metaventrite darker (Figs
Dorsal habitus
: Head somewhat depressed with medium-sized eyes, punctures larger than eye-facets. Lobes of labrum clearly exposed with short excision (Fig.
Ventral habitus
: Terminal maxillary palpomere elongate and subconical (Fig.
Protibia artcuately curved, about as wide as antennal club, with rounded outer apical angle and with apical angle round (Fig.
Male genitalia
: Tegmen narrow, strongly sclerotized and rounded apically, about 4.3 times as long as wide, with short setae disposed along middle of tegmen and forming an X-like figure; also with long setae along sides and at apex (Fig.
Female
: Body size: length 2.9–3.5, width 2.1–2.8 mm. Ovipositor moderately sclerotized, gonocoxal apex acuminate (Fig.
Some variation is observable in coloration and punctures. The holotype and paratypes from Chuxiong City, Zixi Mountain, and Qujing City, Yehuagou (all Yunnan Province) are subunicolorous black, while the paratypes from Dali City, Cangshan Mountain, and Qujing City, Junzi Mountain (all Yunnan Province) and from Bijie City, Shangdi Mountain (Guizhou Province) are blackish with brightly brownish elytra.
Neopallodes nigrescens can be distinguished from other species of the genus Neopallodes by its unique body color (dorsal surface blackish or with elytra brightly brownish orange), elytra with regular longitudinal rows of large punctures and not quite regular longitudinal rows of small punctures arranged alternately and tegmen with short setae forming an X-like figure. This taxon is similar to N. inermis, but differs from it in: antennal club distinctly shorter than antennomeres 2–8 combined; metaventrite with fine punctures in the middle and with large, sparse punctures laterally; tegmen with short setae forming an X-like figure; penis trunk with round apex.
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word “nigrescens” (= blackening) referring to the color of dorsal surface of most specimens.
Neopallodes nigrescens sp. nov. (male) 1, 3 body, dorsal 2, 4 body, ventral 5 head, dorsal 6 pygidium 7 anal sclerite, ventral 8 left antenna, dorsal 9 left profemur and protibia, dorsal 10 tegmen, dorsal 11 penis trunk, dorsal 12 ovipositor, ventral 13 mentum and inner edges of antennal grooves, ventral 14 prosternal process, ventral 15 left mandible, dorsal 16 left maxillary palpus, ventral 17 anterior part of mesoventrite, ventral 1–2, 5–17 specimen from “Yunnan Province, Chuxiong City, Zixi Mountain” 3, 4 specimen from “Yunnan Province, Dali City, Cangshan Mountain” Scale bars: 1 cm (1–4); 0.2 cm (5–12); 0.2 cm (13–16); 0.2 cm (17).
Neopallodes dentatus
Neopallodes dentatus
26♂♂, 22♀♀, China: Yunnan Province, Chuxiong City, Zixi Mountain, 2450 m a.s.l., 25°00'59"N, 101°24'10"W, 13-VIII-2018, Xiaoxiao CHEN (NWAFU); 2♂♂: Shaanxi Province, Ziyang County, Fenghuang Mountain Bell and Drum Tower Scenic Area, 27-VI-2018, Yuru YANG (NWAFU).
China (Yunnan, Shaanxi), Myanmar
Pallodes harmandi
Pallodes falsus Grouvelle, 1913b: 398
Neopallodes lindskogi
Neopallodes falsus
3♂♂, China: Yunnan Province, Yuxi City, Ailao Mountain, 2200 m a.s.l., 20-VII-2017, Xiaoxiao CHEN (NWAFU); 7♂♂, 6♀♀, China: Yunnan Province, Qujing City, Junzi Mountain, 2150 m a.s.l., 14-VII-2017, 30-VII-2018, Xiaoxiao CHEN (NWAFU).
China (Yunnan), India, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal
Neopallodes vietnamicus
1♂, China, Yunnan Province, Yuxi City, Mopanshan Forest Park, 2300 m a.s.l., 22-VI-2016, Meike LIU (NWAFU); 2♂♂, China, Yunnan Province, Yuxi City, Ailao Mountain, 2220 m a.s.l., 20-VII-2017, Xiaoxiao CHEN (NWAFU); 1♂, China: Yunnan, Qujing City, Junzi Mountain, 2300 m a.s.l., 14-VII-2017, Xiaoxiao CHEN (NWAFU).
China (Yunnan), India, Myanmar, Vietnam
Neopallodes dentatus, N. falsus, and N. vietnamicus 18, 21, 22 N. dentatus (male): 18 dorsal view 21 tegmen, dorsal 22 penis trunk, dorsal. 19, 23, 24 N. falsus (male): 19 dorsal view 23 tegmen, dorsal 24 penis trunk, dorsal. 20, 25–26 N. vietnamicus (male): 20 dorsal view 25 tegmen, dorsal 26 penis trunk, dorsal. Scale bars: 1 cm (18–20); 0.2 cm (21–26).
This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Chinese Central Universities (Z109021305). We would like to express our gratitude to Prof. A.G. Kirejtshuk (Russian Academy of Sciences) for providing us with important literature and for helping us in the identification of specimens. We also thank Prof. John Richard Schrock (Emporia State University, USA) for proofreading of the manuscript and giving us with valuable advice before submission. We also greatly appreciate the members of our lab for helping collect specimens. In addition, we thank the anonymous reviewers who have helped to improve the manuscript.