Annotated checklist of fishes from Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary with notes on extralimital species

Erica J. Burton; Robert N. Lea

doi:10.3897/zookeys.887.38024

Checklist

Annotated checklist of fishes from Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary with notes on extralimital species

Erica J. Burton^‡, Robert N. Lea^§|

‡ National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, United States of America

§ Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, United States of America

| Section of Ichthyology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, United States of America

Corresponding author: Erica J. Burton ( erica.burton@noaa.gov )

Academic editor: Kyle Piller

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.

Citation: Burton EJ, Lea RN (2019) Annotated checklist of fishes from Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary with notes on extralimital species. ZooKeys 887: 1-119. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.887.38024

ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CE659523-94CA-4E87-B131-E863E691D723

Abstract

Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary is a federal, marine protected area located off the central coast of California, USA. Understanding biodiversity, and how it is changing, is necessary to effectively manage the sanctuary. The large size of this sanctuary, which contains a variety of habitats and is influenced by several water masses, provides for a diverse fish fauna. The central California coast has a rich history of ichthyological research and surveys, contributing to a unique repository of information on fish diversity. Herein, we provide a checklist of fishes that occur within the sanctuary, including justification for each species. Ancillary record information including name-bearing type specimens, historic species, cold- or warm-water event species, introduced species, and occurrence at Davidson Seamount or Elkhorn Slough are also provided. This represents the first comprehensive annotated checklist of 507 fishes known to occur within the sanctuary. In addition, 18 species are considered to be extralimital. This annotated checklist of fishes can be used by those interested in zoogeography, marine protected areas, ichthyology, regional natural history, and sanctuary management.

Keywords

central California, cold-water event, Davidson Seamount, Elkhorn Slough, El Niño/Southern Oscillation, extralimital, introduced species, La Niña, marine protected area, species inventory, taxonomy, warm-water event

Introduction

Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS or sanctuary) is a federal, marine protected area located off the central coast of California, USA (Fig. 1). Spanning the area from Rocky Point (Marin County) to Cambria (San Luis Obispo County), it encompasses 444 km of shoreline, 4,601 square nm of ocean, and extends from mean high tide to a seaward boundary that averages 48 km offshore. At its deepest point within the Davidson Seamount Management Zone, MBNMS reaches a depth of 3,875 m. The sanctuary contains a variety of habitats including estuaries (largest is Elkhorn Slough), sandy beaches, rocky shores, kelp forests, continental shelf and slope, deep submarine canyons (largest is Monterey Canyon), open ocean, and Davidson Seamount (Fig. 1). These habitats, individually and collectively, harbor an incredible variety of marine life.

Figure 1.

Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) is a federal, marine protected area that spans from Rocky Point (Marin County, just north of the Golden Gate Bridge) to Cambria (San Luis Obispo County), California, USA; and includes Elkhorn Slough and the Davidson Seamount Management Zone. Points of interest (bold black font) and cities of interest (light gray font) are notated. Credit: Sophie De Beukelaer (Lynker Technologies LLC/MBNMS).

It is an inconvenient truth that managing areas for ecosystem sustainability is impossible without knowledge of the species that compose it (Wilson 2014). Moreover, to demonstrate ecological significance or from simple curiosity the question is often asked, “How many species occur in Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary?” It may be specific to particular taxa, such as algae, invertebrates, fishes, seabirds and shorebirds, or marine mammals. The answer, however, is not absolute. Species distributions are dynamic (Lonhart 2009) shifting over time due to natural and/or anthropogenic mechanisms, or due to oceanic and atmospheric events (e.g., El Niño/Southern Oscillation, global change). In addition, species continue to be discovered and described from less sampled areas (e.g., deep sea).

The large size of MBNMS, influenced by several water masses and its proximity to Point Conception, provides for a diverse fish fauna. The central California marine fish fauna is influenced by water masses from the north, south, and west; and these water masses converge to create a major transition zone centered around Point Conception (south of MBNMS, Horn et al. 2006). Two distinctive fish faunas intermingle in this transition zone, a warm-temperate, southern component (San Diegan Province) and a cool-temperate, northern component (Oregonian Province). The fish fauna in the southern end of the sanctuary may at times be influenced by this transition zone, especially during warm-water events such as El Niño/Southern Oscillation. The Davidson Seamount lies well offshore (ca. 121 km due west of San Simeon, San Luis Obispo County), and the fish fauna there may be influenced by oceanic water masses to the west, such as the Subarctic-Transitional and Central Pacific water masses.

The central California coast has a rich history of ichthyological research and surveys, including: early biological expeditions to describe the California fish fauna (e.g., Pacific Expeditions of the US Fish Commission Steamer “Albatross”, Pacific Railroad Surveys); early institutions involved in specimen collections and subsequent study (e.g., California Academy of Sciences, Stanford University, California Department of Fish and Game, currently California Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography); and the more recent expansion of marine research institutions in central California. These early and recent surveys, preserved specimen collections, and scientific publications provide a wealth of information to create an inventory of fishes that occur within MBNMS.

A comprehensive inventory of fish species occurring within MBNMS is unavailable. Disparate lists are available for subsets of fishes, including commonly occurring species, fished species, and species within a particular habitat of MBNMS (e.g., Guerrero and Kvitek 1996, Monterey Bay Aquarium 1999, Starr et al. 2002, Yoklavich et al. 2002, Burton and Lundsten 2008, Burton et al. 2017, SIMoN 2019). We created a comprehensive annotated checklist of fishes occurring within MBNMS based on critical analyses of material from ichthyological collections at natural history museums, the literature, and visual records. The checklist presented here provides sources of basis (i.e., justification), occurrence of fishes during cold- or warm-water events, records of historically occurring fishes, reference to original species descriptions from within MBNMS, special places of occurrence (i.e., Elkhorn Slough, Davidson Seamount), and introduced species. Our goal was to compile a defensible checklist of fishes known to occur within the sanctuary.

Materials and methods

We first generated a draft list of fishes that should occur within MBNMS based on regional guidebooks and checklists of fishes, including: Fitch and Lavenberg (1968), Miller and Lea (1972), Hubbs et al. (1979), Eschmeyer et al. (1983), Love et al. (2002), Yoklavich et al. (2002), Ebert (2003), Love et al. (2005), and Burton and Lundsten (2008). The majority of these guidebooks encompass broader regions (e.g., California, eastern North Pacific) than investigated here. From these lists, we examined basis within MBNMS for each species.

In an effort to provide defensible justification for each species, we considered the following sources as basis for inclusion, in order of importance: 1) museum specimen; 2) publication; and/or 3) expert-verified visual record. In addition, we followed a general rule for inclusion: the occurrence of any life history stage of the species within the current boundaries of MBNMS (including warm-water event, cold-water event, or historic record).

To determine a basis for inclusion (if any), we investigated ichthyological collections at natural history museum collections with online databases including California Academy of Sciences, Stanford University, Scripps Institution of Oceanography at University of California San Diego, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Burke Museum at University of Washington, and the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History. In addition, we consulted the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories fish collection, which is primarily a teaching resource. Where records were few and/or questionable, we examined specimens that were readily accessible to confirm identification. If museum specimens were lacking, we then consulted publications, where primary sources of peer-reviewed scientific literature carried the most weight. Finally, if taxonomic experts could verify species from imagery (i.e., photos or video), we sparingly used these visual record(s) for basis. With technological advancements, video observations of deep-sea species are on the rise. Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute’s (MBARI) online Deep Sea Guide (Jacobson Stout et al. 2017) provides an excellent source of in situ imagery observations of regional species, particularly for rarely collected deep-sea species.

In addition, we conducted a midwater trawl survey during May 2015 aboard NOAA Ship “Bell M. Shimada”, which included the following areas of MBNMS: Davidson Seamount, Sur Ridge, Monterey Canyon, and off Monterey (unpublished data, Burton, Lea, and DeVogelaere). Juvenile and adult specimens were deposited at California Academy of Sciences (CAS), and larval specimens were stored as uncatalogued specimens at Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), La Jolla, California.

The checklist is organized in taxonomic order, following "Fishes of the World" (Nelson 2006), unless otherwise stated. Species names are alphabetized within family. Authority is included following current usage in "Catalog of Fishes" (Eschmeyer et al. 2017) and "Common and Scientific Names of Fishes" (Page et al. 2013), unless otherwise stated. If a species was originally described from within MBNMS boundaries, the original publication (therefore authority) is included in the references section (as basis). Official common names follow Page et al. (2013) or Hubbs et al. (1979), unless otherwise stated; and are capitalized following Page et al. (2013). Where no official common name was available, a generic common name (lowercase) was used, based on family name.

Terms used to describe species inclusion are defined below. Symbolic museum codes used in the checklist are listed in Table 1; full museum names and location information were sourced from Sabaj (2016). Other institution codes and acronyms are listed in Table 2.

Table 1.

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Symbol codes for natural history museum collections, including names of institutions and locations. Source: Sabaj (2016).

Abbrev.	Name	Location
ANSP	Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
BMNH	Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]	London, England, UK
CAS-ICH	California Academy of Sciences, Ichthyology Collection	San Francisco, California, USA
CAS-SU	Stanford University (collection now housed at California Academy of Sciences)	San Francisco, California, USA
FMNH	Field Museum of Natural History, Zoology Department	Chicago, Illinois, USA
KU	University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute	Lawrence, Kansas, USA
LACM	Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County	Los Angeles, California, USA
MBARI	Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute	Moss Landing, California, USA
MCZ	Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University	Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
MLMLF	Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Fishes	Moss Landing, California, USA
MNHN	Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris	Paris, France
NCSM	North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences [formerly North Carolina State Museum]	Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
OS	Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife	Corvalis, Oregon, USA
OSUM	Ohio State University, Museum of Biological Diversity, Museum of Zoology	Columbus, Ohio, USA
SBMNH	Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History	Santa Barbara, California, USA
SIO	Scripps Institution of Oceanography at University of California San Diego	La Jolla, California, USA
UAM	University of Alaska Museum of the North, Fairbanks	Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
UCLA	University of California Los Angeles (now at SIO)	Los Angeles, California, USA
UCM	University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, Colorado	Boulder, Colorado, USA
UF	University of Florida, Florida Museum of Natural History	Gainesville, Florida, USA
UMMZ	University of Michigan Museum of Zoology	Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
USNM	National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution [formerly US National Museum]	Washington, DC, USA
UW	University of Washington	Seattle, Washington, USA
ZMB	Museum für Naturkunde [formerly Zoologischen Museum]	Berlin, Germany
ZMUB	Universitetet Bergen, Bergen Museum, Naturhistorie, Zoologiske, Vertebratsamlinger	Bergen, Norway

Table 2.

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List of institution codes (non-museum) and other acronyms.

Acronym	Institution or definition
CalCOFI	California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations
CDFG	California Department of Fish and Game (now CDF Wildlife)
CSUMB	California State University Monterey Bay
ESNERR	Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve
IfAME	Institute for Applied Marine Ecology (at CSUMB)
MBA	Monterey Bay Aquarium
MBARI	Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
MBNMS	Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
MLML	Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
NOAA	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NMFS	National Marine Fisheries Service
SIMoN	Sanctuary Integrated Monitoring Network
SL	Standard Length
SWFSC	Southwest Fisheries Science Center (at NMFS)
TL	Total Length
UCLA	University of California, Los Angeles

Basis categories and definitions

Museum specimens: Specimens were collected within MBNMS and catalogued at a natural history museum. Specimens listed do not necessarily represent all catalogued specimens occurring within MBNMS, but merely as examples to provide a basis for inclusion. We attempted to list three records (where available); and for those records to span a geographical range of occurrence within MBNMS, identified by known experts. Records are listed in alphabetical order, according to museum symbolic code (list of natural history museum collections and symbolic codes used for this checklist are provided in Table 1); type specimens are listed first. Collection location and name of who identified specimen are included. Identifier’s first initial, middle initial (if provided), and last name are provided; names are transcribed as provided and no assumptions are made to refine or match to others. Year of collection may be noted, especially if species occurred during an unusual oceanographic event. Type specimens (name-bearing and non-name-bearing) may be denoted (see ancillary record categories, below). Museum specimen(s) notated in checklist as follows: Museum code and catalog number (collection location, identifier).

Publications: Peer-reviewed information that provides a basis for occurrence within MBNMS. Other supporting publications may also be listed. Location observed is in parentheses. Year of collection may be noted, especially if species occurred during an unusual oceanographic event. Publication(s) notated in checklist as follows: Author (year) (location, additional information if available).

Visual records: Species observed with imagery (video or photo) and verified by expert or authority. Year of collection may be noted, especially if it occurred during an unusual oceanographic event. Visual record(s) are listed in checklist as institution code and dive number (observed location, identifier).

Several species occurring within MBNMS are anadromous (i.e., move up streams and rivers from the sea to spawn). Records of species occurring in fresh or brackish water (adjacent to MBNMS) are included where no marine records are available, because part of the life cycle requires movement between fresh and marine water bodies, thereby traversing MBNMS waters.

Ancillary record categories and definitions

Type specimens: Name-bearing type specimens (holotype, neotype, syntype, or lectotype) collected within MBNMS. Type specimen(s) are listed in checklist as name-bearing type (museum code and catalog number).

Historic specimens: Specimen(s) collected many years before present, but not known from recent years; and not otherwise collected during unusual oceanographic events (i.e., warm or cold-water events).

Warm-water events: Specimen(s) collected during, or soon after, unusually warm-water events (e.g., warm phase of El Niño/Southern Oscillation, ENSO; El Niño), but otherwise unknown or rare during normal oceanographic conditions. Several references were consulted to determine the occurrence of warm-water events, including Wolter and Timlin (2011) (ENSO behavior since 1871), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (2019), and Null (2019); referencing the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI), Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), and Niño 3.4 region.

Cold-water events: Specimen(s) collected during, or soon after, unusually cold-water events (e.g., cold phase of El Niño/Southern Oscillation: La Niña), but otherwise unknown or rare during normal oceanographic conditions. Several references were consulted to determine the occurrence of cold-water events, including Wolter and Timlin (2011) (ENSO behavior since 1871), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (2019), and Null (2019), referencing the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI), Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), and Niño 3.4 region.

Occurrence of note and definitions

Davidson Seamount area: Known to occur within the Davidson Seamount Management Zone of MBNMS (Fig. 1).

Elkhorn Slough area: Known to occur in Elkhorn Slough (within MBNMS, Fig. 1) or adjacent areas (i.e., Moss Landing Harbor, jetties).

Introduced species: Non-native to MBNMS, and either accidentally or deliberately transported to the area.

Extralimital: Species known to occur from areas to the north and south of MBNMS, but no basis could be found within MBNMS (yet likely to occur within MBNMS). Extralimital species are not considered part of the primary checklist, and are listed separately.

Results and discussion

The annotated checklist includes 507 fish species, representing 325 genera and 148 families (Table 3). The number of taxa supported by specific sources of basis are as follows: museum specimens (465); publications (230); and visual records (44). Original descriptions of 57 species (type specimens, 11%) originated from within current MBNMS boundaries.

Table 3.

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Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Fishes Checklist summary. Species are listed in taxonomic order, and include scientific name, authority, and common name. Categories to summarize basis and occurrence are provided, including: Basis for Inclusion (i.e., museum specimen, publication, visual record); Ancillary Record (i.e., type specimen, historic, warm-water event, cold-water event); and Occurrence of Note (i.e., Davidson Seamount area, Elkhorn Slough area, Introduced Species). Symbols denote the following: X (basis provided by); M (museum specimen); P (publication); V (visual record). Column subtotals are provided after line 507. See Methods for explanation of basis.

						Basis			Ancillary record				Occurrence of note
	Scientific name				Common name	Museum specimen	Publication	Visual record	Type specimen	Historic	Warm-water event	Cold-water event	Davidson Seamount area	Elkhorn Slough area	Introduced species
	CLASS/Order/Family/Species
	MYXINI
		Myxiniformes
			Myxinidae (hagfishes)
1				Eptatretus deani (Evermann & Goldsborough, 1907)	Black Hagfish	X
2				Eptatretus stoutii (Lockington, 1878)	Pacific Hagfish	X								M
	PETROMYZONTIDA
		Petromyzontiformes
			Petromyzonidae (lampreys)
3				Entosphenus tridentatus (Gairdner, 1836)	Pacific Lamprey	X
	CHONDRICHTHYES
		Chimaeriformes
			Chimaeridae (shortnose chimaeras)
4				Hydrolagus colliei (Lay & Bennett, 1839)	Spotted Ratfish	X	X		X
5				Hydrolagus cf. trolli Didier & Séret, 2002	Pointy-nosed Blue Chimaera		X	X					P/V
		Heterodontiformes
			Heterodontidae (horn sharks)
6				Heterodontus francisci (Girard, 1855)	Horn Shark	X	X		X
		Orectolobiformes
			Rhincodontidae (whale sharks)
7				Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828	Whale Shark		X	X				X
		Lamniformes
			Alopiidae (thresher sharks)
8				Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788)	Common Thresher Shark	X
			Cetorhinidae (basking sharks)
9				Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765)	Basking Shark	X	X
			Lamnidae (mackerel sharks)
10				Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758)	White Shark	X	X
11				Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810	Shortfin Mako	X					X
12				Lamna ditropis Hubbs & Follett, 1947	Salmon Shark	X	X
		Carcharhiniformes
			Scyliorhinidae (cat sharks)
13				Apristurus brunneus (Gilbert, 1892)	Brown Cat Shark	X
14				Apristurus kampae Taylor, 1972	Longnose Cat Shark	X	X
15				Cephaloscyllium ventriosum (Garman, 1880)	Swell Shark	X
16				Parmaturus xaniurus (Gilbert, 1892)	Filetail Cat Shark	X
			Triakidae (hound sharks)
17				Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Tope	X
18				Mustelus californicus Gill, 1864	Gray Smoothhound	X	X							M/P
19				Mustelus henlei (Gill, 1863)	Brown Smoothhound	X								M
20				Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855	Leopard Shark	X	X							M/P
			Carcharhinidae (requiem sharks)
21				Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)	Blue Shark	X							P
		Hexanchiformes
			Hexanchidae (cow sharks)
22				Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788)	Bluntnose Sixgill Shark	X
23				Notorynchus cepedianus (Péron, 1807)	Broadnose Sevengill Shark	X
		Squaliformes
			Echinorhinidae (bramble sharks)
24				Echinorhinus cookei Pietschmann, 1928	Prickly Shark	X
			Squalidae (dogfish sharks)
25				Squalus suckleyi (Girard, 1855)	Pacific Spiny Dogfish	X
			Somniosidae (sleeper sharks)
26				Somniosus pacificus Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944	Pacific Sleeper Shark	X	X
		Squatiniformes
			Squatinidae (angel sharks)
27				Squatina californica Ayres, 1859	Pacific Angel Shark	X
		Torpediniformes
			Torpedinidae (torpedo electric rays)
28				Tetronarce californica (Ayres, 1855)	Pacific Electric Ray	X
		Rajiformes
			Rhinobatidae (guitarfishes)
29				Pseudobatos productus (Ayres, 1854)	Shovelnose Guitarfish	X	X		X					M/P
			Rajidae (skates)
30				Amblyraja badia (Garman, 1899)	Broad Skate	X	X	X					P/V
31				Beringraja binoculata (Girard, 1855)	Big Skate	X
32				Beringraja inornata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1881)	California Skate	X
33				Beringraja rhina (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Longnose Skate	X	X		X
34				Beringraja stellulata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Starry Skate	X	X		X
			Arhynchobatidae (softnose skates)
35				Bathyraja abyssicola (Gilbert, 1896)	Deepsea Skate	X	X	X					P/V
36				Bathyraja aleutica (Gilbert, 1896)	Aleutian Skate	X
37				Bathyraja kincaidii (Garman, 1908)	Sandpaper Skate	X
38				Bathyraja trachura (Gilbert, 1892)	Roughtail Skate	X
			Platyrhinidae (thornbacks)
39				Platyrhinoidis triseriata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Thornback	X	X							M/P
		Myliobatiformes
			Urotrygonidae (round stingrays)
40				Urobatis halleri (Cooper, 1863)	Round Stingray	X	X							M/P
			Dasyatidae (whiptail stingrays)
41				Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832)	Pelagic Stingray		X						P
			Myliobatidae (eagle rays)
42				Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865	Bat Ray	X	X							M/P
	ACTINOPTERI
		Acipenseriformes
			Acipenseridae (sturgeons)
43				Acipenser medirostris Ayres, 1854	Green Sturgeon	X
44				Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1836	White Sturgeon	X
		Albuliformes
			Albulidae (bonefishes)
45				Albula gilberti Pfeiler & van der Heiden, 2011	Cortez Bonefish	X
		Notacanthiformes
			Halosauridae (halosaurs)
46				Aldrov&ia cf. oleosa Sulak 1977	halosaur		X	X					P/V
			Notacanthidae (deep-sea spiny eels)
47				Notacanthus chemnitzii Bloch, 1788	Snubnosed Spiny Eel	X	X
		Anguilliformes
			Synaphobranchidae (cutthroat eels)
48				SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE sp. 1 (unidentified specimen)	cutthroat eel		X	X					P/V
			Ophichthidae (snake eels)
49				Ophichthus triserialis (Kaup, 1856)	Pacific Snake Eel	X	X							M
50				Ophichthus zophochir Jordan & Gilbert, 1882	Yellow Snake Eel	X	X							M
			Nemichthyidae (snipe eels)
51				Avocettina infans (Günther, 1878)	Blackline Snipe Eel	X
52				Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson, 1848	Slender Snipe Eel	X
			Nettastomatidae (duckbill eels)
53				Facciolella equatorialis (Gilbert, 1891)	Dogface Witch Eel			X			X
54				Venefica tentaculata Garman, 1899	Longnose Witch Eel		X	X					P/V
			Serrivomeridae (sawtooth eels)
55				Serrivomer sector Garman, 1899	Sawtooth Eel	X	X	X					P/V
		Saccopharyngiformes
			Cyematidae (bobtail eels)
56				Cyema atrum Günther, 1878	Bobtail Eel	X	X	X					P/V
			Saccopharyngidae (whiptail gulpers)
57				Saccopharynx lavenbergi Nielsen & Bertelsen, 1985	Whiptail Gulper			X
			Eurypharyngidae (gulpers)
58				Eurypharynx pelecanoides Vaillant, 1882	Umbrellamouth Gulper			X
		Clupeiformes
			Engraulidae (anchovies)
59				Engraulis mordax Girard, 1854	Northern Anchovy	X	X						M	M/P
			Clupeidae (herrings)
60				Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811)	American Shad	X								M	X
61				Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847	Pacific Herring	X	X							M/P
62				Dorosoma petenense (Günther, 1867)	Threadfin Shad		X							P	X
63				Etrumeus acuminatus Gilbert, 1890	Round Herring	X	X
64				Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842)	Pacific Sardine	X							M	M
		Argentiniformes
			Argentinidae (argentines)
65				Argentina sialis Gilbert, 1890	Pacific Argentine	X
			Microstomatidae (pencilsmelts)
66				Microstoma sp. (Pacific species)	pencilsmelt	X							M
67				Nansenia c&ida Cohen, 1958	Bluethroat Argentine	X
			Bathylagidae (deepsea smelts)
68				Bathylagoides wesethi (Bolin, 1938)	Snubnose Blacksmelt	X	X		X				M
69				Bathylagus pacificus Gilbert, 1890	Pacific Blacksmelt	X
70				Leuroglossus stilbius Gilbert, 1890	California Smoothtongue	X							M
71				Lipolagus ochotensis (Schmidt, 1938)	Popeye Blacksmelt	X							M
72				Pseudobathylagus milleri (Jordan & Gilbert, 1898)	Robust Blacksmelt	X							M
			Opisthoproctidae (spookfishes)
73				Bathylychnops exilis Cohen, 1958	Javelin Spookfish	X
74				Dolichopteryx longipes (Vaillant, 1888)	Brownsnout Spookfish	X
75				Macropinna microstoma Chapman, 1939	Barreleye	X	X	X					M/P/V
			Alepocephalidae (slickheads)
76				Alepocephalus tenebrosus Gilbert, 1892	California Slickhead	X
77				Talismania bifurcata (Parr, 1951)	Threadfin Slickhead	X
			Platytroctidae (tubeshoulders)
78				Holtbyrnia latifrons Sazonov, 1976	Streaklight Tubeshoulder	X
79				Mentodus eubranchus (Matsui & Rosenblatt, 1987)	tubeshoulder	X							M
80				Sagamichthys abei Parr, 1953	Shining Tubeshoulder	X							M
		Osmeriformes
			Osmeridae (smelts)
81				Allosmerus elongatus (Ayres, 1854)	Whitebait Smelt	X
82				Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard, 1854)	Surf Smelt	X								M
83				Spirinchus starksi (Fisk, 1913)	Night Smelt	X	X							M/P
84				Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres, 1860)	Longfin Smelt	X
85				Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson, 1837)	Eulachon	X
		Salmoniformes
			Salmonidae (trouts and salmons)
86				Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792)	Pink Salmon		X			X
87				Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792)	Chum Salmon		X			X
88				Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792)	Coho Salmon	X	X
89				Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)	Rainbow Trout (Steelhead)	X	X
90				Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum, 1792)	Chinook Salmon	X	X
		Stomiiformes
			Gonostomatidae (bristlemouths)
91				Cyclothone acclinidens Garman, 1899	Benttooth Bristlemouth	X							M
92				Cyclothone atraria Gilbert, 1905	Black Bristlemouth	X							M
93				Cyclothone pallida Brauer, 1902	Tan Bristlemouth	X
94				Cyclothone pseudopallida Mukhacheva, 1964	Slender Bristlemouth	X							M
95				Cyclothone signata Garman, 1899	Showy Bristlemouth	X							M
96				Gonostoma atlanticum Norman, 1930	Atlantic Fangjaw	X							M
			Sternoptychidae (marine hatchetfishes)
97				Argyropelecus affinis Garman, 1899	Slender Hatchetfish	X							M
98				Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco, 1829	Spurred Hatchetfish	X							M
99				Argyropelecus lychnus Garman, 1899	Tropical Hatchetfish	X
100				Argyropelecus sladeni Regan, 1908	Lowcrest Hatchetfish	X							M
101				Danaphos oculatus (Garman, 1899)	Bottlelight	X							M
102				Sternoptyx diaphana Hermann, 1781	Longspine Hatchetfish	X
103				Sternoptyx obscura Garman, 1899	Dusky Hatchetfish	X
			Phosichthyidae (lightfishes)
104				Vinciguerria lucetia (Garman, 1899)	Panama Lightfish	X
			Stomiidae (dragonfishes)
105				Aristostomias scintillans (Gilbert, 1915)	Shiny Loosejaw	X	X		X
106				Bathophilus flemingi Aron & McCrery, 1958	Highfin Dragonfish	X
107				Chauliodus macouni Bean, 1890	Pacific Viperfish	X							M
108				Idiacanthus antrostomus Gilbert, 1890	Pacific Blackdragon	X							M
109				Stomias atriventer Garman, 1899	Blackbelly Dragonfish	X
110				Tactostoma macropus Bolin, 1939	Longfin Dragonfish	X	X		X				M
		Aulopiformes
			Synodontidae (lizardfishes)
111				Synodus lucioceps (Ayres, 1855)	California Lizardfish	X
			Notosudidae (waryfishes)
112			†	Scopelosaurus adleri (Fedorov, 1967)	Longfin Waryfish	X							M
113				Scopelosaurus harryi (Mead, 1953)	Scaly Waryfish	X							M
			Scopelarchidae (pearleyes)
114				Benthalbella dentata (Chapman, 1939)	Northern Pearleye	X
			Alepisauridae (lancetfishes)
115				Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833	Longnose Lancetfish	X	X
			Anotopteridae (daggertooths)
116				Anotopterus nikparini Kukuev, 1998	North Pacific Daggertooth	X
			Paralepididae (barracudinas)
117				Arctozenus risso (Bonaparte, 1840)	White Barracudina	X
118				Lestidiops ringens (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Slender Barracudina	X
119				Lestidiops sphyraenopsis Hubbs, 1916	Smalleye Barracudina	X
120				Magnisudis atlantica (Krøyer, 1868)	Duckbill Barracudina	X
			Bathysauridae (deepsea lizardfishes)
121				Bathysaurus mollis Günther, 1878	Highfin Lizardfish		X	X					P/V
		Myctophiformes
			Myctophidae (lanternfishes)
122				Ceratoscopelus townsendi (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)	Dogtooth Lampfish	X							M
123				Diaphus theta Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890	California Headlightfish	X							M
124				Diogenichthys atlanticus (Tåning, 1928)	Longfin Lanternfish	X							M
125				Lampanyctus steinbecki Bolin, 1939	Longfin Lampfish	X							M
126			†	Lampanyctus tenuiformis (Brauer, 1906)	lanternfish	X
127				Nannobrachium regale (Gilbert, 1892)	Pinpoint Lampfish	X							M
128				Nannobrachium ritteri (Gilbert, 1915)	Broadfin Lampfish	X	X		X				M
129				Parvilux ingens Hubbs & Wisner, 1964	Giant Lampfish	X
130				Protomyctophum crockeri (Bolin, 1939)	California Flashlightfish	X							M
131				Protomyctophum thompsoni (Chapman, 1944)	Northern Flashlightfish	X
132				Stenobrachius leucopsarus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)	Northern Lampfish	X							M
133				Symbolophorus californiensis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)	California Lanternfish	X							M
134				Taaningichthys paurolychnus Davy, 1972	Dimlight Lampfish	X							M
135				Tarletonbeania crenularis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Blue Lanternfish	X							M
136				Triphoturus mexicanus (Gilbert, 1890)	Mexican Lampfish	X							M
		Lampridiformes
			Lampridae (opahs)
137				Lampris incognitus (Underkoffler, Luers, Hyde, & Craig, 2018)	Smalleye Pacific Opah	X	X				X
			Trachipteridae (ribbonfishes)
138				Desmodema lorum Rosenblatt & Butler, 1977	Whiptail Ribbonfish	X		X					M
139				Trachipterus altivelis Kner, 1859	King-of-the-salmon	X	X
		Gadiformes
			Macrouridae (grenadiers)
140				Coelorinchus scaphopsis (Gilbert, 1890)	Shoulderspot Grenadier	X
141				Coryphaenoides acrolepis (Bean, 1884)	Pacific Grenadier	X	X	X					P/V
142				Coryphaenoides armatus (Hector, 1875)	Abyssal Grenadier		X	X					P/V
143				Coryphaenoides cinereus (Gilbert, 1896)	Popeye Grenadier	X	X
144				Coryphaenoides filifer (Gilbert, 1896)	Threadfin Grenadier		X	X					P/V
145				Coryphaenoides leptolepis Günther, 1877	Ghostly Grenadier		X	X					P/V
146				Coryphaenoides pectoralis (Gilbert, 1892)	Giant Grenadier	X		X					V
147				Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe, 1843)	Softhead Grenadier	X	X
148				Nezumia liolepis (Gilbert, 1890)	Smooth Grenadier	X	X
149				Nezumia stelgidolepis (Gilbert, 1890)	California Grenadier	X	X
			Moridae (codlings)
150				Antimora microlepis Bean, 1890	Pacific Flatnose	X	X	X					P/V
151				Halargyreus johnsonii Günther, 1862	Slender Codling	X
152				Physiculus nematopus Gilbert, 1890	Charcoal Codling	X
153				Physiculus rastrelliger Gilbert, 1890	Hundred-fathom Codling	X
			Merlucciidae (merlucciid hakes)
154				Merluccius productus (Ayres, 1855)	Pacific Hake	X
			Gadidae (cods)
155				Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas, 1814	Walleye Pollock		X	X
156				Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810	Pacific Cod	X	X
157				Microgadus proximus (Girard, 1854)	Pacific Tomcod	X
		Ophidiiformes
			Ophidiidae (cusk-eels)
158				Chilara taylori (Girard, 1858)	Spotted Cusk-eel	X	X		X				M	P
159				Lamprogrammus niger Alcock, 1891	Paperbone Cusk-eel	X
160				Luciobrotula sp. A	cusk-eel		X	X					P/V
161				Spectrunculus gr&is (Günther, 1877)	Giant Cusk-eel		X	X					P/V
			Bythitidae (viviparous brotulas)
162				Brosmophycis marginata (Ayres, 1854)	Red Brotula	X
163				Cataetyx rubrirostris Gilbert, 1890	Rubynose Brotula	X	X
		Batrachoidiformes
			Batrachoididae (toadfishes)
164				Porichthys notatus Girard, 1854	Plainfin Midshipman	X	X							M/P
		Lophiiformes
			Lophiidae (goosefishes)
165				Lophiodes spilurus (Garman, 1899)	Threadfin Goosefish	X	X				X
			Chaunacidae (gapers)
166				Chaunacops coloratus (Garman, 1899)	gaper	X	X						M/P
			Melanocetidae (blackdevils)
167				Melanocetus johnsonii Günther, 1864	Blackdevil	X		X
			Himantolophidae (footballfishes)
168				Himantolophus nigricornis Bertelsen & Krefft, 1988	footballfish	X
169				Himantolophus sagamius (Tanaka, 1918)	Pacific Footballfish	X	X
			Oneirodidae (dreamers)
170				Chaenophryne longiceps Regan, 1925	dreamer	X
171				Chaenophryne melanorhabdus Regan & Trewavas, 1932	Smooth Dreamer	X
			Ceratiidae (seadevils)
172				Cryptopsaras couesii Gill, 1883	Triplewart Seadevil	X	X				X
		Mugiliformes
			Mugilidae (mullets)
173				Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758	Striped Mullet	X		X			X
		Atheriniformes
			Atherinopsidae (New World silversides)
174				Atherinops affinis (Ayres, 1860)	Topsmelt	X	X							M/P
175				Atherinopsis californiensis Girard, 1854	Jacksmelt	X	X							M/P
176				Leuresthes tenuis (Ayres, 1860)	California Grunion	X	X				X
		Beloniformes
			Exocoetidae (flyingfishes)
177				Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett, 1831)	Smallhead Flyingfish		X	X			X
			Belonidae (needlefishes)
178				Strongylura exilis (Girard, 1854)	California Needlefish	X	X				X
			Scomberesocidae (sauries)
179				Cololabis saira (Brevoort, 1856)	Pacific Saury	X	X						V
		Stephanoberyciformes
			Melamphaidae (bigscales)
180				Melamphaes lugubris Gilbert, 1890	Highsnout Bigscale	X							M
181				Poromitra crassiceps (Günther, 1878)	Crested Bigscale	X							M
182				Scopelogadus bispinosus (Gilbert, 1915)	Twospine Bigscale	X							M
		Beryciformes
			Anoplogastridae (fangtooths)
183				Anoplogaster cornuta (Valenciennes, 1833)	Fangtooth	X
		Zeiformes
			Oreosomatidae (oreos)
184				Allocyttus folletti Myers, 1960	Oxeye Oreo	X	X
			Zeidae (dories)
185				Zenopsis nebulosa (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)	Mirror Dory	X
		Gasterosteiformes
			Aulorhynchidae (tubesnouts)
186				Aulorhynchus flavidus Gill, 1861	Tubesnout	X
			Gasterosteidae (sticklebacks)
187				Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758	Threespine Stickleback	X	X							M/P
			Syngnathidae (pipefishes)
188				Cosmocampus arctus (Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)	Snubnose Pipefish	X								M
189				Syngnathus californiensis Storer, 1845	Kelp Pipefish	X								M
190				Syngnathus exilis (Osburn & Nichols, 1916)	Barcheek Pipefish	X								M
191				Syngnathus leptorhynchus Girard, 1854	Bay Pipefish	X	X							M/P
		Scorpaeniformes
			Scorpaenidae (scorpionfishes)
192				Scorpaena guttata Girard, 1854	California Scorpionfish	X	X	X	X
193				Sebastes atrovirens (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Kelp Rockfish	X								P
194				Sebastes auriculatus Girard, 1854	Brown Rockfish	X	X							M/P
195				Sebastes aurora (Gilbert, 1890)	Aurora Rockfish	X
196				Sebastes babcocki (Thompson, 1915)	Redbanded Rockfish	X
197				Sebastes borealis Barsukov, 1970	Shortraker Rockfish	X
198				Sebastes brevispinis (Bean, 1884)	Silvergray Rockfish	X
199				Sebastes carnatus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Gopher Rockfish	X	X		X
200				Sebastes caurinus Richardson, 1844	Copper Rockfish	X	X							M/P
201				Sebastes chlorostictus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Greenspotted Rockfish	X	X		X
202				Sebastes chrysomelas (Jordan & Gilbert, 1881)	Black-and-yellow Rockfish	X	X		X
203				Sebastes constellatus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Starry Rockfish	X
204				Sebastes crameri (Jordan, 1897)	Darkblotched Rockfish	X
205				Sebastes dallii (Eigenmann & Beeson, 1894)	Calico Rockfish	X	X		X					P
206				Sebastes diaconus Frable, Wagman, Frierson, Aguilar, & Sidlauskas, 2015	Deacon Rockfish	X	X
207				Sebastes diploproa (Gilbert, 1890)	Splitnose Rockfish	X
208				Sebastes elongatus Ayres, 1859	Greenstriped Rockfish	X
209				Sebastes emphaeus (Starks, 1911)	Puget Sound Rockfish	X
210				Sebastes ensifer Chen, 1971	Swordspine Rockfish	X
211				Sebastes entomelas (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Widow Rockfish	X	X		X
212				Sebastes eos (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)	Pink Rockfish	X
213				Sebastes flavidus (Ayres, 1862)	Yellowtail Rockfish	X
214				Sebastes gilli (Eigenmann, 1891)	Bronzespotted Rockfish		X
215				Sebastes goodei (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)	Chilipepper	X
216				Sebastes helvomaculatus Ayres, 1859	Rosethorn Rockfish	X
217				Sebastes hopkinsi (Cramer, 1895)	Squarespot Rockfish	X	X		X
218				Sebastes jordani (Gilbert, 1896)	Shortbelly Rockfish	X
219				Sebastes levis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)	Cowcod	X							M
220				Sebastes macdonaldi (Eigenmann & Beeson, 1893)	Mexican Rockfish	X	X				X
221				Sebastes maliger (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Quillback Rockfish	X
222				Sebastes melanops Girard, 1856	Black Rockfish	X	X							P
223				Sebastes melanostictus (Matsubara, 1934)	Blackspotted Rockfish		X
224				Sebastes melanostomus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)	Blackgill Rockfish	X
225				Sebastes miniatus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Vermilion Rockfish	X	X		X
226				Sebastes mystinus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1881)	Blue Rockfish	X	X							P
227				Sebastes nebulosus Ayres, 1854	China Rockfish	X
228				Sebastes nigrocinctus Ayres, 1859	Tiger Rockfish	X
229				Sebastes ovalis (Ayres, 1862)	Speckled Rockfish	X
230				Sebastes paucispinis Ayres, 1854	Bocaccio	X	X						M	M/P
231				Sebastes phillipsi (Fitch, 1964)	Chameleon Rockfish		X
232				Sebastes pinniger (Gill, 1864)	Canary Rockfish	X
233				Sebastes proriger (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Redstripe Rockfish	X	X		X
234				Sebastes rastrelliger (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Grass Rockfish	X	X							M/P
235				Sebastes rosaceus Girard, 1854	Rosy Rockfish	X
236				Sebastes rosenblatti Chen, 1971	Greenblotched Rockfish	X
237				Sebastes ruberrimus (Cramer, 1895)	Yelloweye Rockfish	X
238				Sebastes rubrivinctus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Flag Rockfish	X	X		X
239				Sebastes rufus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)	Bank Rockfish	X
240				Sebastes saxicola (Gilbert, 1890)	Stripetail Rockfish	X
241				Sebastes semicinctus (Gilbert, 1897)	Halfbanded Rockfish	X
242				Sebastes serranoides (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)	Olive Rockfish	X								M
243				Sebastes serriceps (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Treefish	X
244				Sebastes simulator Chen, 1971	Pinkrose Rockfish	X
245				Sebastes umbrosus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)	Honeycomb Rockfish	X
246				Sebastes wilsoni (Gilbert, 1915)	Pygmy Rockfish	X	X		X
247				Sebastes zacentrus (Gilbert, 1890)	Sharpchin Rockfish	X
248				Sebastolobus alascanus Bean, 1890	Shortspine Thornyhead	X	X	X					P/V
249				Sebastolobus altivelis Gilbert, 1896	Longspine Thornyhead	X							M
			Triglidae (searobins)
250				Prionotus stephanophrys Lockington, 1881	Lumptail Searobin	X	X				X
			Anoplopomatidae (sablefishes)
251				Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas, 1814)	Sablefish	X	X
252				Erilepis zonifer (Lockington, 1880)	Skilfish	X	X		X
			Hexagrammidae (greenlings)
253				Hexagrammos decagrammus (Pallas, 1810)	Kelp Greenling	X								M
254				Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas, 1810)	Rock Greenling	X
255				Ophiodon elongatus Girard, 1854	Lingcod	X	X							P
256				Oxylebius pictus Gill, 1862	Painted Greenling	X
257				Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas, 1810)	Atka Mackerel	X	X
258				Zaniolepis frenata Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889	Shortspine Combfish	X
259				Zaniolepis latipinnis Girard, 1858	Longspine Combfish	X
			Rhamphocottidae (grunt sculpins)
260				Rhamphocottus richardsonii Günther, 1874	Grunt Sculpin	X
			Cottidae (sculpins)
261				Artedius corallinus (Hubbs, 1926)	Coralline Sculpin	X
262				Artedius fenestralis Jordan & Gilbert, 1883	Padded Sculpin	X
263				Artedius harringtoni (Starks, 1896)	Scalyhead Sculpin	X								M
264				Artedius lateralis (Girard, 1854)	Smoothhead Sculpin	X	X		X
265				Artedius notospilotus Girard, 1856	Bonyhead Sculpin	X								M
266				Ascelichthys rhodorus Jordan & Gilbert, 1880	Rosylip Sculpin	X
267				Chitonotus pugetensis (Steindachner, 1876)	Roughback Sculpin	X								M
268				Clinocottus acuticeps (Gilbert, 1896)	Sharpnose Sculpin	X
269				Clinocottus analis (Girard, 1858)	Woolly Sculpin	X	X		X
270				Clinocottus embryum (Jordan & Starks, 1895)	Calico Sculpin	X
271				Clinocottus globiceps (Girard, 1858)	Mosshead Sculpin	X
272				Clinocottus recalvus (Greeley, 1899)	Bald Sculpin	X	X		X
273				Enophrys bison (Girard, 1854)	Buffalo Sculpin	X								M
274				Enophrys taurina Gilbert, 1914	Bull Sculpin	X	X		X
275				Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus (Tilesius, 1811)	Red Irish Lord	X
276				Hemilepidotus spinosus Ayres, 1854	Brown Irish Lord	X
277				Icelinus burchami Evermann & Goldsborough, 1907	Dusky Sculpin	X
278				Icelinus cavifrons Gilbert, 1890	Pit-head Sculpin	X
279				Icelinus filamentosus Gilbert, 1890	Threadfin Sculpin	X
280				Icelinus fimbriatus Gilbert, 1890	Fringed Sculpin	X
281				Icelinus oculatus Gilbert, 1890	Frogmouth Sculpin	X
282				Icelinus quadriseriatus Lockington, 1880	Yellowchin Sculpin	X
283				Icelinus tenuis Gilbert, 1890	Spotfiin Sculpin	X
284				Jordania zonope Starks, 1895	Longfin Sculpin	X
285				Leptocottus armatus Girard, 1854	Pacific Staghorn Sculpin	X	X							M/P
286				Oligocottus maculosus Girard, 1856	Tidepool Sculpin	X
287				Oligocottus rimensis (Greeley, 1899)	Saddleback Sculpin	X	X		X
288				Oligocottus rubellio (Greeley, 1899)	Rosy Sculpin	X	X		X
289				Oligocottus snyderi Greeley, 1898	Fluffy Sculpin	X	X		X
290				Orthonopias triacis Starks & Mann, 1911	Snubnose Sculpin	X	X
291				Radulinus asprellus Gilbert, 1890	Slim Sculpin	X
292				Radulinus boleoides Gilbert, 1898	Darter Sculpin	X
293				Ruscarius creaseri (Hubbs, 1926)	Roughcheek Sculpin	X
294				Scorpaenichthys marmoratus (Ayres, 1854)	Cabezon	X	X							M/P
295				Synchirus gilli Bean, 1890	Manacled Sculpin	X
296				Zesticelus profundorum (Gilbert, 1896)	Flabby Sculpin	X	X
			Hemitripteridae (searavens)
297				Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas, 1814)	Silverspotted Sculpin	X
298				Nautichthys oculofasciatus (Girard, 1858)	Sailfin Sculpin	X
			Agonidae (poachers)
299				Agonomalus mozinoi Wilimovsky & Wilson, 1979	Kelp Poacher	X	X
300				Agonopsis sterletus (Gilbert, 1898)	Southern Spearnose Poacher	X
301				Agonopsis vulsa (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Northern Spearnose Poacher	X
302				Bathyagonus pentacanthus (Gilbert, 1890)	Bigeye Poacher	X
303				Bothragonus swanii (Steindachner, 1876)	Rockhead	X
304				Chesnonia verrucosa (Lockington, 1880)	Warty Poacher	X
305				Odontopyxis trispinosa Lockington, 1880	Pygmy Poacher	X
306				Stellerina xyosterna (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Pricklebreast Poacher	X	X		X
307				Xeneretmus latifrons (Gilbert, 1890)	Blacktip Poacher	X
308				Xeneretmus leiops Gilbert, 1915	Smootheye Poacher	X
309				Xeneretmus triacanthus (Gilbert, 1890)	Bluespotted Poacher	X
			Psychrolutidae (fathead sculpins)
310				Psychrolutes phrictus Stein & Bond, 1878	Blob Sculpin	X	X	X					P/V
			Liparidae (snailfishes)
311				Bathyphasma ovigerum Gilbert, 1896	Abyssal Snailfish		X	X
312				Careproctus filamentosus Stein, 1978	snailfish		X	X
313				Careproctus gilberti Burke, 1912	Smalldisk Snailfish	X	X
314				Careproctus kamikawai Orr, 2012	Arbiter Snailfish	X	X	X	X				V
315				Careproctus longifilis Garman, 1892	Threadfin Snailfish	X	X
316				Careproctus melanurus Gilbert, 1892	Blacktail Snailfish	X	X	X
317				Elassodiscus caudatus (Gilbert, 1915)	Humpback Snailfish	X	X		X
318				Liparis florae (Jordan & Starks, 1895)	Tidepool Snailfish	X
319				Liparis fucensis Gilbert, 1896	Slipskin Snailfish	X
320				Liparis mucosus Ayres, 1855	Slimy Snailfish	X
321				Liparis pulchellus Ayres, 1855	Showy Snailfish	X
322				Lipariscus nanus Gilbert, 1915	Pygmy Snailfish	X	X		X
323				Nectoliparis pelagicus Gilbert & Burke, 1912	Tadpole Snailfish	X	X
324				Osteodiscus cascadiae Stein, 1978	Bonydisk Snailfish	X	X
325				Paraliparis albescens Gilbert, 1915	Phantom Snailfish	X	X		X
326				Paraliparis cephalus Gilbert, 1892	Swellhead Snailfish	X
327				Paraliparis dactylosus Gilbert, 1896	Polydactyl Snailfish	X	X		X
328				Paraliparis deani Burke, 1912	Prickly Snailfish	X	X
329				Paraliparis mento Gilbert, 1892	Bulldog Snailfish	X	X
330				Paraliparis pectoralis Stein, 1978	Pectoral Snailfish	X
331				Paraliparis rosaceus Gilbert, 1890	Rosy Snailfish	X
332				Paraliparis ulochir Gilbert, 1896	Broadfin Snailfish	X
333				Rhinoliparis attenuatus Burke, 1912	Slim Snailfish	X	X
334				Rhinoliparis barbulifer Gilbert, 1896	Longnose Snailfish	X	X
		Perciformes
			Moronidae (temperate basses)
335				Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1791)	Striped Bass	X	X							M/P	X
			Polyprionidae (wreckfishes)
336				Stereolepis gigas Ayres, 1859	Giant Sea Bass	X	X				X
			Epinephelidae (groupers)
337				Hyporthodus niphobles (Gilberts & Starks, 1897)	Star-studded Grouper	X					X
338				Mycteroperca xenarcha Jordan, 1888	Broomtail Grouper	X
			Serranidae (sea basses and groupers)
339				Paralabrax clathratus (Girard, 1854)	Kelp Bass	X	X				X
340			†	Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (Steindachner, 1868)	Spotted Sand Bass		X			X	X
341				Paralabrax nebulifer (Girard, 1854)	Barred Sand Bass	X	X		X
			Priacanthidae (bigeyes)
342				Pristigenys serrula (Gilbert, 1891)	Popeye Catalufa	X	X				X
			Malacanthidae (tilefishes)
343				Caulolatilus princeps (Jenyns, 1840)	Ocean Whitefish		X				X
			Coryphaenidae (dolphinfishes)
344				Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758	Dolphinfish		X				X
			Echeneidae (remoras)
345				Remora australis (Bennett, 1840)	Whalesucker	X
346				Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758)	Remora	X
			Carangidae (jacks)
347				Caranx caballus Günther, 1868	Green Jack	X	X				X
348				Decapterus muroadsi (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)	Amberstripe Scad	X	X
349				Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758)	Pilotfish	X
350				Seriola dorsalis (Gill, 1863)	Yellowtail Jack	X
351				Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855)	Jack Mackerel	X	X						P	M
			Bramidae (pomfrets)
352				Brama japonica Hilgendorf, 1878	Pacific Pomfret	X
353				Pteraclis aesticola (Jordan & Snyder, 1901)	Pacific Fanfish	X
			Caristiidae (manefishes)
354				Caristius macropus (Bellotti, 1903)	Bigmouth Manefish	X
			Haemulidae (grunts)
355				Haemulon californiensis (Steindachner, 1876)	Salema	X	X			X	X
			Polynemidae (threadfins)
356				Polydactylus approximans (Lay & Bennett, 1839)	Blue Bobo	X	X				X
			Sciaenidae (drums and croakers)
357				Atractoscion nobilis (Ayres, 1860)	White Seabass		X				X
358				Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres, 1855)	White Croaker	X	X							M
359			†	Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard, 1854)	California Corbina		X			X	X
360				Seriphus politus Ayres, 1860	Queenfish	X	X							M/P
			Kyphosidae (sea chubs)
361				Girella nigricans (Ayres, 1860)	Opaleye	X	X
362				Hermosilla azurea Jenkins & Evermann, 1889	Zebraperch		X	X
363				Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1825)	Blue-bronze Chub	X					X
364				Medialuna californiensis (Steindachner, 1876)	Halfmoon	X	X				X
			Pentacerotidae (armorheads)
365				Pseudopentaceros wheeleri (Hardy, 1983)	North Pacific Armorhead	X
			Oplegnathidae (knifejaws)
366				Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)	Barred Knifejaw		X	X							X
			Embiotocidae (surfperches)
367				Amphistichus argenteus Agassiz, 1854	Barred Surfperch	X
368				Amphistichus koelzi (Hubbs, 1933)	Calico Surfperch	X
369				Amphistichus rhodoterus (Agassiz, 1854)	Redtail Surfperch	X
370				Brachyistius frenatus Gill, 1862	Kelp Perch	X
371				Cymatogaster aggregata Gibbons, 1854	Shiner Perch	X	X							M/P
372				Embiotoca caryi Agassiz, 1853	Rainbow Seaperch	X								M
373				Embiotoca jacksoni Agassiz, 1853	Black Perch	X	X							M/P
374				Embiotoca lateralis Agassiz, 1854	Striped Seaperch	X
375				Hyperprosopon argenteum Gibbons, 1854	Walleye Surfperch	X	X							M/P
376				Hyperprosopon ellipticum (Gibbons, 1854)	Silver Surfperch	X								M
377				Hypocritichthys analis (Agassiz, 1861)	Spotfin Surfperch	X
378				Micrometrus aurora (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Reef Perch	X	X		X
379				Micrometrus minimus (Gibbons, 1854)	Dwarf Perch	X	X							M/P
380				Phanerodon atripes (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Sharpnose Seaperch	X	X		X
381				Phanerodon furcatus Girard, 1854	White Seaperch	X	X							M/P
382				Phanerodon vacca (Girard, 1855)	Pile Perch	X	X							M/P
383				Rhacochilus toxotes Agassiz, 1854	Rubberlip Seaperch	X	X							M/P
384				Zalembius rosaceus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Pink Seaperch	X
			Pomacentridae (damselfishes)
385				Chromis punctipinnis (Cooper, 1863)	Blacksmith	X	X				X
386				Hypsypops rubicundus (Girard, 1854)	Garibaldi	X	X	X	X	X	X
			Labridae (wrasses)
387				Oxyjulis californica Günther, 1861	Señorita	X	X		X					M
388				Semicossyphus pulcher (Ayres, 1854)	California Sheephead	X	X				X
			Bathymasteridae (ronquils)
389				Rathbunella alleni Gilbert, 1904	Stripefin Ronquil	X	X		X
390				Ronquilus jordani (Gilbert, 1889)	Northern Ronquil	X
			Zoarcidae (eelpouts)
391				Bothrocara brunneum (Bean, 1890)	Twoline Eelpout	X	X	X					P/V
392				Bothrocara molle Bean, 1890	Soft Eelpout	X
393				Eucryphycus californicus (Starks & Mann, 1911)	Persimmon Eelpout	X	X
394				Lycenchelys callista &erson, 1995	eelpout	X	X		X
395				Lycenchelys camchatica (Gilbert & Burke, 1912)	Kamchatka Eelpout	X	X
396				Lycenchelys crotalinus (Gilbert, 1890)	Snakehead Eelpout	X
397				Lycenchelys jordani (Evermann & Goldsborough, 1907)	Shortjaw Eelpout	X
398				Lycenchelys micropora &riashev, 1955	Manytoothed Eelpout	X
399				Lycenchelys monstrosa &erson, 1982	eelpout	X
400				Lycodapus dermatinus Gilbert, 1896	Looseskin Eelpout	X
401				Lycodapus fierasfer Gilbert, 1890	Blackmouth Eelpout	X	X	X					P/V
402				Lycodapus m&ibularis Gilbert, 1915	Pallid Eelpout	X	X	X	X				P/V
403				Lycodapus pachysoma Peden & &erson, 1978	Stout Eelpout	X							M
404				Lycodapus psarostomatus Peden & &erson, 1981	Specklemouth Eelpout	X
405				Lycodes cortezianus (Gilbert, 1890)	Bigfin Eelpout	X
406				Lycodes diapterus Gilbert, 1892	Black Eelpout	X
407				Lycodes pacificus (Collett, 1879)	Blackbelly Eelpout	X
408				Lyconema barbatum Gilbert, 1896	Bearded Eelpout	X	X		X
409				Melanostigma pammelas Gilbert, 1896	Midwater Eelpout	X	X		X
410				Pachycara bulbiceps (Garman, 1899)	Snubnose Eelpout		X	X					P/V
411				Pachycara karenae &erson, 2012	eelpout	X	X		X
			Stichaeidae (pricklebacks)
412				Anoplarchus purpurescens Gill, 1861	High Cockscomb	X
413				Cebidichthys violaceus (Girard, 1854)	Monkeyface Prickleback	X								M
414				Chirolophis nugator (Jordan & Williams, 1895)	Mosshead Warbonnet	X
415				Ernogrammus walkeri Follett & Powell, 1988	Masked Prickleback	X	X		X
416				Esselenichthys carli (Follett & &erson, 1990)	Threeline Prickleback	X	X
417				Kasatkia seigeli Posner & Lavenberg, 1999	Sixspot Prickleback	X
418				Phytichthys chirus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Ribbon Prickleback	X	X		X
419				Plagiogrammus hopkinsii Bean, 1894	Crisscross Prickleback	X	X		X
420				Plectobranchus evides Gilbert, 1890	Bluebarred Prickleback	X	X
421				Xiphister atropurpureus (Kittlitz, 1858)	Black Prickleback	X
422				Xiphister mucosus (Girard, 1858)	Rock Prickleback	X
			Pholidae (gunnels)
423				Apodichthys flavidus Girard, 1854	Penpoint Gunnel	X								M
424				Apodichthys fucorum Jordan & Gilbert, 1880	Rockweed Gunnel	X	X		X
425				Pholis clemensi Rosenblatt, 1964	Longfin Gunnel		X	X
426				Pholis ornata (Girard, 1854)	Saddleback Gunnel	X
427				Pholis schultzi Schultz, 1931	Red Gunnel	X
428				Ulvicola sanctaerosae Gilbert & Starks, 1897	Kelp Gunnel	X
			Anarhichadidae (wolffishes)
429				Anarrhichthys ocellatus Ayres, 1855	Wolf-eel	X
			Zaproridae (prowfishes)
430				Zaprora silenus Jordan, 1896	Prowfish	X	X
			Scytalinidae (graveldivers)
431				Scytalina cerdale Jordan & Gilbert, 1880	Graveldiver	X
			Chiasmodontidae (swallowers)
432				Chiasmodon niger Johnson 1864	Black Swallower	X	X	X
433				Kali indica Lloyd, 1909	Shortnose Swallower	X
			Trichodontidae (sandfishes)
434				Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius, 1813)	Pacific Sandfish		X		X	X
			Ammodytidae (sand lances)
435				Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas, 1814	Pacific Sand Lance	X								M
			Uranoscopidae (stargazers)
436				Kathetostoma averruncus Jordan & Bollman, 1890	Smooth Stargazer	X					X
			Blenniidae (combtooth blennies)
437				Hypsoblennius gentilis (Girard, 1854)	Bay Blenny	X	X		X					M
438				Hypsoblennius gilberti (Jordan, 1882)	Rockpool Blenny	X
439				Hypsoblennius jenkinsi (Jordan & Evermann, 1896)	Mussel Blenny	X	X				X
			Clinidae (kelp blennies)
440				Gibbonsia elegans (Cooper, 1864)	Spotted Kelpfish	X					X
441				Gibbonsia metzi Hubbs, 1927	Striped Kelpfish	X	X		X					M
442				Gibbonsia montereyensis Hubbs, 1927	Crevice Kelpfish	X	X		X
443				Heterostichus rostratus Girard, 1854	Giant Kelpfish	X								M
			Chaenopsidae (tube blennies)
444				Neoclinus blanchardi Girard, 1858	Sarcastic Fringehead	X								M
445				Neoclinus stephensae Hubbs, 1953	Yellowfin Fringehead	X		X			X
446				Neoclinus uninotatus Hubbs, 1953	Onespot Fringehead	X	X							P
			Icosteidae (ragfishes)
447				Icosteus aenigmaticus Lockington, 1880	Ragfish	X	X
			Gobiesocidae (clingfishes)
448				Gobiesox mae&ricus (Girard, 1858)	Northern Clingfish	X
449				Rimicola muscarum (Meek & Pierson, 1895)	Kelp Clingfish	X	X		X
			Gobiidae (gobies)
450				Acanthogobius flavimanus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)	Yellowfin Goby	X	X							M/P	X
451				Clevel&ia ios (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)	Arrow Goby	X	X							M/P
452				Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper, 1864	Longjaw Mudsucker	X	X							M/P
453				Lepidogobius lepidus (Girard, 1858)	Bay Goby	X	X							M/P
454				Lethops connectens Hubbs, 1926	Halfblind Goby	X	X		X
455				Lythrypnus dalli (Gilbert, 1890)	Bluebanded Goby	X					X
456				Lythrypnus zebra (Gilbert, 1890)	Zebra Goby	X
457				Rhinogobiops nicholsii (Bean, 1882)	Blackeye Goby	X								M
458				Typhlogobius californiensis Steindachner, 1879	Blind Goby	X
			Luvaridae (louvars)
459				Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque, 1810	Louvar	X
			Sphyraenidae (barracudas)
460				Sphyraena argentea Girard, 1854	Pacific Barracuda	X	X				X
			Gempylidae (snake mackerels)
461				Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco, 1833	Oilfish	X					X
			Trichiuridae (cutlassfishes)
462				Aphanopus intermedius Parin, 1983	Intermediate Scabbardfish	X
463				Benthodesmus pacificus Parin & Becker, 1970	North Pacific Frostfish	X
464				Lepidopus fitchi Rosenblatt & Wilson, 1987	Pacific Scabbardfish	X
			Scombridae (mackerels)
465				Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810)	Bullet Mackerel	X					X
466				Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758)	Skipjack Tuna		X				X		P
467				Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier, 1832)	Pacific Bonito		X				X
468				Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782	Pacific Chub Mackerel	X	X				X
469				Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington, 1879)	Gulf Sierra	X	X		X		X
470				Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788)	Albacore	X	X				X		P
471				Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)	Yellowfin Tuna		X				X
472				Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839)	Bigeye Tuna		X				X
473				Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)	Pacific Bluefin Tuna	X	X				X
			Xiphiidae (swordfishes)
474				Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758	Swordfish		X				X		P
			Istiophoridae (billfishes)
475				Kajikia audax (Philippi, 1887)	Striped Marlin		X				X
			Centrolophidae (medusafishes)
476				Icichthys lockingtoni Jordan & Gilbert, 1880	Medusafish	X							M
			Tetragonuridae (squaretails)
477				Tetragonurus cuvieri Risso, 1810	Smalleye Squaretail	X	X				X		P
			Stromateidae (butterfishes)
478				Peprilus simillimus (Ayres, 1860)	Pacific Pompano	X								M
		Pleuronectiformes
			Paralichthyidae (sand flounders)
479				Citharichthys sordidus (Girard, 1854)	Pacific Sanddab	X							M	M
480				Citharichthys stigmaeus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882	Speckled Sanddab	X	X						M	M/P
481				Citharichthys xanthostigma Gilbert, 1890	Longfin Sanddab	X	X
482				Hippoglossina stomata Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890	Bigmouth Sole	X	X
483				Paralichthys californicus (Ayres, 1859)	California Halibut	X	X							M/P
484				Xystreurys liolepis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880	Fantail Sole	X	X
			Pleuronectidae (righteye flounders)
485				Atheresthes evermanni Jordan & Starks, 1904	Kamchatka Flounder	X	X
486				Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Arrowtooth Flounder	X
487				Clidoderma asperrimum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)	Roughscale Sole	X
488				Embassichthys bathybius (Gilbert, 1890)	Deepsea Sole	X
489				Eopsetta jordani (Lockington, 1879)	Petrale Sole	X
490				Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington, 1879	Rex Sole	X							M
491				Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert, 1880	Flathead Sole	X	X
492				Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt, 1904	Pacific Halibut		X
493				Isopsetta isolepis (Lockington, 1880)	Butter Sole	X
494				Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres, 1855)	Rock Sole	X	X
495				Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	Slender Sole	X	X
496				Microstomus pacificus (Lockington, 1879)	Dover Sole	X							M
497				Parophrys vetulus Girard, 1854	English Sole	X	X							M/P
498				Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1787)	Starry Flounder	X	X							M/P
499				Pleuronichthys coenosus Girard, 1854	C-O Sole	X
500				Pleuronichthys decurrens Jordan & Gilbert, 1881	Curlfin Turbot	X								P
501				Pleuronichthys guttulatus Girard, 1856	Diamond Turbot	X	X							M/P
502				Pleuronichthys verticalis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880	Hornyhead Turbot	X
503				Psettichthys melanostictus Girard, 1854	Sand Sole	X	X
			Cynoglossidae (tonguefishes)
504				Symphurus atricaudus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)	California Tonguefish	X	X							M/P
		Tetraodontiformes
			Balistidae (triggerfishes)
505				Balistes polylepis Steindachner, 1876	Finescale Triggerfish	X	X				X
			Diodontidae (porcupinefishes)
506				Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758	Balloonfish	X					X
			Molidae (molas)
507				Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758)	Ocean Sunfish	X	X
	SUBTOTAL					465	230	44	57	7	49	1	83	79	5

Seven species are considered historic: Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha); Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta); Spotted Sand Bass (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus); Salema (Haemulon californiensis); California Corbina (Menticirrhus undulatus); Garibaldi (Hypsypops rubicundus); and Pacific Sandfish (Trichodon trichodon). These species have not been observed within MBNMS for many years, and/or have rarely been observed. Their recent rarity can be attributed to local extinction (i.e., salmon), or otherwise a northern or southern species that has rarely been observed in sanctuary waters. Although rarely observed or not observed for some time, they could potentially occur again and remain on the checklist.

At least 50 species are known to occur during unusual oceanographic events (e.g., warm or cold phases of El Niño/Southern Oscillation). The 49 species occurring during warm-water events do not necessarily occur solely during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño), but they are more likely to be observed at these times (see Table 3). The occurrence of the Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus) was reported during several cold-water events (La Niña, Ebert et al. 2004). These observations seem counterintuitive, as R. typus typically occupies tropical waters (Miller and Lea 1972, Ebert 2003, Love et al. 2005, Castro 2011). We include the cold-water categorization here, as reported by Ebert et al. (2004).

Species occurring within two specific habitats of the sanctuary, Elkhorn Slough and Davidson Seamount, are noted due to the uniqueness of each habitat compared to the rest of MBNMS. Of the 507 species in MBNMS, 79 species are found in the Elkhorn Slough area, and 83 species in the Davidson Seamount area. The majority of these species are not restricted to these habitats within MBNMS, although Elkhorn Slough may be the exception. This is not surprising due to the mixture of brackish and saltwater habitats, and the life history requirements of some species. Elkhorn Slough also provides habitat for marine species from nearshore waters to feed, mate, and spawn (Yoklavich et al. 2002). Five species are less likely to occur in marine environments: Threadfin Shad (Dorosoma petenense; introduced species); Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus); Yellowfin Goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus; introduced species); Arrow Goby (Clevelandia ios); and Longjaw Mudsucker (Gillichthys mirabilis). The Davidson Seamount Management Zone occurs far offshore and the fish fauna there is influenced by oceanic water masses to the north and west, such as the Subarctic-Transitional and Central Pacific water masses. The 83 species occurring at Davidson Seamount are not restricted to the seamount and occur elsewhere in deep-sea or oceanic habitats.

Five species are non-native, that were either purposefully or inadvertently introduced to California: American Shad (Alosa sapidissima); Threadfin Shad (Dorosoma petenense); Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis); Barred Knifejaw (Oplegnathus fasciatus); and Yellowfin Goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus). The Barred Knifejaw is the most recent introduction to MBNMS (2014, one confirmed living specimen), and it remains to be seen if it will establish itself as a viable resident.

Four species are listed with reservation: waryfish (Scopelosaurus adleri); lanternfish (Lampanyctus tenuiformis); Spotted Sand Bass (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus); and California Corbina (Menticirrhus undulatus). Reservation with the first two of these species is due to lack of confidence with identification; the latter two are categorized as historic and/or occurring during warm-water events, and evidence is scant (see checklist for explanation). We include these species on the checklist with the basis as cited.

Eighteen species are considered to be extralimital, are not considered part of the primary checklist, and are listed separately. The geographic ranges for these species encompass MBNMS boundaries. They are likely to occur within MBNMS; however, no verifiable records occur from within MBNMS. These species should be anticipated during future MBNMS surveys and deposited and catalogued at a natural history museum.

In recent years erroneous geographical distributions were introduced in the literature for two species: Basketweave Cusk-eel (Ophidion scrippsae) and Spotted Turbot (Pleuronichthys ritteri). Both errors were based on misidentifications in the field that were then perpetuated in the literature. Once these sorts of mistakes occur and are repeated, these myths become difficult to eradicate. Our purpose in emphasizing these examples is to shed light on such problems and resolve these misrepresentations. First, the northern limit for Ophidion scrippsae has been reported as “Central California” (Love et al. 2005; Kells et al. 2016) based on NOAA trawl survey field identifications off the Santa Cruz County coast (lat. 37°38’N, 209 m; Lauth 2001). This represented the first record north of Point Arguello (34°34’38”N, 120°39’2”W; 11.75 nautical miles NW of the Point Conception faunal boundary) and from a depth greatly exceeding its known bathymetric limit. The accessioned specimens (UW 47375) were examined by RN Lea and re-determined as Spotted Cusk-eel (Chilara taylori), with both location and depth well within the limits for Chilara taylori. The known northern limit for Ophidion scrippsae is off the vicinity of Point Arguello (SIO 48-304, 3 specimens) and the maximum confirmed depth is 135 m (off central Baja California). Similarly, the northern limit for Pleuronichthys ritteri was reported off Northern California (Love et al. 2005; Kells et al. 2016) based on field-identified specimens (lat. 37°55’N; Weinberg et al. 2002). The accessioned material (UW 47438) was examined by RN Lea and JW Orr (NOAA, NMFS) and re-determined as Hornyhead Turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis), a species relatively common within MBNMS. Pleuronichthys ritteri is primarily a southern California–Baja California shallow water species (Fitch 1963) with a known northern limit of Morro Bay (LACM 33703-1). We bring these emendations to the attention of the reader to avoid further confusion and note there are no confirmed records of either Ophidion scrippsae or Pleuronichthys ritteri from MBNMS.

This is the first annotated checklist of fishes that occur within Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (see Table 3). All fishes listed here also occur outside of MBNMS boundaries, and full species ranges can be found from other sources (e.g., Miller and Lea 1972, Eschmeyer et al. 1983, Love et al. 2002, Ebert 2003, Love et al. 2005, and Kells et al. 2016).

Species checklists or inventories can be used by various user groups for different reasons. A simple checklist can teach and inform users of what to expect within a geographic area, including educators, students, and those interested in regional natural history. This annotated checklist includes name-bearing type specimen information for students and ichthyologists interested in species discoveries (and original descriptions) that occurred within today’s MBNMS boundaries. Those interested in zoogeography of fishes may be interested in historic and recent occurrence information for fishes within MBNMS. In addition, warm-water and cold-water event information is included to help explain potentially temporary occurrence patterns, or sporadic events. An inventory of known sanctuary resources is a basic requirement of the National Marine Sanctuaries Act (NMSA) of 1972, as amended (16 U.S.C. § 1431 et seq.). Species inventories provide evidence of occurrence and estimates of species richness. Establishing an inventory is a crucial first step to further identify those species that are endemic, threatened, introduced (provided herein), or socio-economically important, information which may be useful for sanctuary managers. It is our hope that this checklist will be useful for many readers and serve as a model for species inventories for the National Marine Sanctuary System.

Annotated checklist

Order Myxiniformes

Family MYXINIDAE – hagfishes

Eptatretus deani (Evermann & Goldsborough, 1907). Black Hagfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 39879 (west of Yankee Point, WC Ruark); CAS-ICH 42563 (off Cypress Point, RN Lea); MLMLF0003 (Monterey Bay, R Parrish).

Eptatretus stoutii (Lockington, 1878). Pacific Hagfish. Museum specimens: MLMLF0007 (1.5 miles south of Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, LT Ackerman); CAS-SU 58418 (Monterey Bay, JC Briggs); CAS-SU 66927 (Monterey Bay, CL Hubbs).

Order Petromyzontiformes

Family PETROMYZONIDAE – lampreys

Entosphenus tridentatus (Gairdner, 1836). Pacific Lamprey. Museum specimens: MLMLF0010 (Monterey Bay, “on throat of Onchorhynchus tshawytscha”, LT Ackerman); MLMLF0011 (Moss Landing beach; Ackerman, Lewis, Lindquist); CAS-SU 11299 (Pacific Grove, identifier unknown).

Order Chimaeriformes

Family CHIMAERIDAE – shortnose chimaeras

Hydrolagus colliei (Lay & Bennett, 1839). Spotted Ratfish. Described from Monterey. Museum specimens: Type material (original material not preserved); CAS-ICH 51176 (west of Davenport, L Podshadley); CAS-SU 10829 (Monterey, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 62378 (off Point Sur, RL Bolin). Publication: Lay and Bennett (1839) (original description).

Hydrolagus cf. trolli Didier and Séret, 2002. Pointy-nosed Blue Chimaera. Publications: Lundsten et al. (2009) and Reichert et al. (2016) (Davidson Seamount). Visual records: MBARI T1102-04 (Davidson Seamount, DA Didier and D Ebert; Jacobson Stout et al. 2017); MBARI T1075-02 (Monterey Canyon DA Didier and D Ebert; Jacobson Stout et al. 2017). Naming convention follows Reichert et al. (2016); specimens cannot yet be confirmed as Hydrolagus trolli until morphometric data and/or DNA samples from preserved specimens have been collected and analyzed. Common name follows Didier and Séret (2002).

Order Heterodontiformes

Family HETERODONTIDAE – horn sharks

Heterodontus francisci (Girard, 1855). Horn Shark. Described from ‘Bay of Monterey, Cal.’. Museum specimens: Type material (original material not located); USNM 112106 (Monterey, DS Jordan). Publication: Girard (1855) (original description).

Order Orectolobiformes

Family RHINCODONTIDAE – whale sharks

Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828. Whale Shark. Publication: Ebert et al. (2004) (based on visual records, Monterey Bay during 1928-1930, 1929, 1944, 1947, and off Big Sur during 1989). Ebert et al. (2004) state all reported local sightings (where season and year recorded) were during La Niña years. Categorized as occurring during cold-water events (i.e., La Niña) based on Ebert et al (2004).

Order Lamniformes

Family ALOPIIDAE – thresher sharks

Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788). Common Thresher Shark. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 65976 (off Point San Pedro at San Mateo County, WI Follett); MLMLF0024 (off Manressa State Beach, ME Anderson).

Family CETORHINIDAE – basking sharks

Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765). Basking Shark. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 2224 (15 miles off Santa Cruz, idenfier unknown); CAS-ICH 26246 (off Salinas River mouth, identifier unknown). Publications: Jordan and Gilbert (1880a) (Monterey during 1880); Jordan (1887a) (Santa Cruz County, Monterey Bay during 1880); Jordan (1887b) (Monterey Bay fishery during 1880); Scofield (1917) (Monterey Bay); Starks (1921) (Monterey); Thompson (1921a) (Monterey); Phillips (1948) (Monterey Bay fishery during 1946-1947, with reference to harpooning for sport in Monterey Bay during 1924); Follett (1966) (off Salinas River mouth, CAS-ICH 26246).

Family LAMNIDAE – mackerel sharks

Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758). White Shark. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 26245 (off Salinas River mouth, WI Follett); CAS-ICH 26308 (Pebble Beach, Monterey County; WI Follett and LJ Dempster); CAS-ICH 26678 (off La Selva Beach, WI Follett). Publication: Jordan and Gilbert (1880a) (“Point Carmelo, near Monterey”).

Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810. Shortfin Mako. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 53202 (west of Princeton Harbor during 1983, El Niño, identifier unknown); CAS-ICH 55473 (off Santa Cruz, identifier unknown). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Lamna ditropis Hubbs and Follett, 1947. Salmon Shark. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 26710 (Monterey Bay, WI Follett and LJ Dempster); CAS-SU 12656 (Monterey Bay, LJV Compagno). Publication: Carlisle et al. (2015) (numerous strandings along US west coast; in MBNMS from Montara State Beach to San Simeon area).

Order Carcharhiniformes

Family SCYLIORHINIDAE – cat sharks

Based on molecular data and morphology, Iglesias et al. (2005) proposed resurrection of family Pentanchidae, and assigned the content of Pentanchinae (i.e., including the genera Apristurus and Parmaturus) as in Compagno (1988). This proposed change is not yet widely accepted; therefore, we chose to keep deepwater catsharks in the family Scyliorhinidae.

Apristurus brunneus (Gilbert, 1892). Brown Cat Shark. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37479 (Monterey Bay, LJV Compagno); CAS-ICH 37512 (west of Yankee Point, WN Eschmeyer); MLMLF0028 (off Point Sur, ME Anderson).

Apristurus kampae Taylor, 1972. Longnose Cat Shark. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 58482 (off Point Sur, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 58487 (west of Point Año Nuevo, RN Lea); MLMLF0030 (off Cypress Point, ME Anderson). Publication: Anderson et al. (1979) (off Cypress Point, MLMLF0030).

Cephaloscyllium ventriosum (Garman, 1880). Swell Shark. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 18050 (Monterey, LJV Compagno); CAS-ICH 52983 (Santa Cruz, M Moriguchi).

Parmaturus xaniurus (Gilbert, 1892). Filetail Cat Shark. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37499 (west of Point Año Nuevo, T Iwamoto); CAS-ICH 37513 (west of Yankee Point, WN Eschmeyer); MLMLF0036 (Monterey Bay, L Talent).

Family TRIAKIDAE – hound sharks

Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758). Tope. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 55475 (Monterey Bay area, WI Follett); MLMLF0040 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 4148 (Monterey, LJV Compagno).

Mustelus californicus Gill, 1864. Gray Smoothhound. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 13158 (Monterey Bay, JVL Compagno); CAS-ICH 65045 (Elkhorn Slough, WI Follett); MLMLF0043 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, LT Ackerman). Publications: Herald (1953) (Elkhorn Slough); Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Kirby Park and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough).

Mustelus henlei (Gill, 1863). Brown Smoothhound. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 40629 (Elkhorn Slough, LJV Compagno); MLMLF0046 (Monterey Bay, JP Harville); MLMLF047 (Monterey Bay, L Compagno).

Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855. Leopard Shark. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 13162 (Monterey Bay, WM Morton); CAS-ICH 75994 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, DT Anderson); MLMLF0050 (1.5 mile below Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, LT Ackerman). Publications: Herald (1953) (Elkhorn Slough); Herald and Dempster (1952) (Elkhorn Slough); Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, Kirby Park, and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough).

Family CARCHARHINIDAE – requiem sharks

Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758). Blue Shark. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 65086 (Moss Beach, WI Follett); SIO 62-413 (SW of Pigeon Point, RL McNeely); CAS-SU 53183 (off Santa Cruz, WC Freihofer). Publication: Fitch (1949) (Davidson Seamount).

Order Hexanchiformes

Family HEXANCHIDAE – cow sharks

Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788). Bluntnose Sixgill Shark. Museum specimens: MLMLF0014 (off Davenport, LT Ackerman); CAS-SU 13291 (Monterey Bay, EC Starks); CAS-SU 49011 (Monterey Bay area, WI Follett).

Notorynchus cepedianus (Péron, 1807). Broadnose Sevengill Shark. Museum specimen: CAS-SU 40909 (“Monterey Bay area of California?”, WI Follett). In addition, 15 collections from San Francisco Bay are accessioned at California Academy of Sciences; which presumably traversed MBNMS waters.

Order Squaliformes

Family ECHINORHINIDAE – bramble sharks

Echinorhinus cookei Pietschmann, 1928. Prickly Shark. Museum specimens: MLMLF0068 (Monterey Canyon, D Lewis); UF 41736 (off Moss Landing, D Ebert).

Family SQUALIDAE – dogfish sharks

Squalus suckleyi (Girard, 1855). Pacific Spiny Dogfish. Museum specimens: MLMLF0064 (off Santa Cruz, GV Morejohn); MLMLF0065 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 58376 (Monterey Bay, JC Briggs).

Family SOMNIOSIDAE – sleeper sharks

Somniosus pacificus Bigelow and Schroeder, 1944. Pacific Sleeper Shark. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 53524 (off Pescadero Point, T Iwamoto); MLMLF0061 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); MLMLF0062 (Monterey Bay, GV Morejohn). Publication: Anderson et al. (1979) (Monterey Bay, MLMLF0062).

Order Squatiniformes

Family SQUATINIDAE – angel sharks

Squatina californica Ayres, 1859. Pacific Angel Shark. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 65090 (Monterey Bay, identifier unknown); MLMLF0069 (Monterey Bay, D Lewis).

Order Torpediniformes

Family TORPEDINIDAE – torpedo electric rays

Tetronarce californica (Ayres, 1855). Pacific Electric Ray. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37472 (Monterey Bay, T Iwamoto); CAS-SU 21416 (Monterey Bay, LJV Compagno); CAS-SU 58396 (Monterey Bay, JC Briggs). Previously recognized as Torpedo californica. We follow Carvalho et al. (2016), Weigmann (2016), and current usage in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2017); with placement in Tetronarce.

Order Rajiformes

Family RHINOBATIDAE – guitarfishes

Pseudobatos productus (Ayres, 1854). Shovelnose Guitarfish. Described from Monterey. Museum specimens: Syntype (USNM 1009); CAS-ICH 65978 (Moss Landing at Elkhorn Slough, WI Follett); MLMLF0079 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, LT Ackerman). Publications: Ayres (1854) (original description); Herald and Dempster (1952) (Elkhorn Slough); Herald (1953) (Elkhorn Slough). Previously recognized as Rhinobatos productus. We follow Last et al. (2016a), Séret et al. (2016), and current usage in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2017); with placement in Pseudobatos.

Family RAJIDAE – skates

Amblyraja badia (Garman, 1899). Broad Skate. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 58604 (Point Sur, M Stehmann and RN Lea). Publication: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual record: MBARI/NOAA D943-06 (Davidson Seamount, D Ebert and L Kuhnz; Jacobson Stout et al. 2017). Last et al. (2016c) suggest A. badia may be junior synonym of A. hyperborea. Proposed change is unresolved and not widely accepted; we do not accept revision at this time. Common name follows Ebert (2003).

Beringraja binoculata (Girard, 1855). Big Skate. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 12875 (off Point Montara Light, EC Johnston); CAS-ICH 40328 (5.5. miles SSW of Point Piedras Blancas, WC Ruark); CAS-ICH 47407 (west of Pajaro River mouth, L Ayres); MLMLF0104 (Monterey Bay, E Osada).

Beringraja inornata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1881). California Skate. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 232351 (west of Santa Cruz, JD Hopkirk); CAS-SU 4032 (Monterey, DS Jordan); CAS-SU 23988 (Pacific Grove, EC Starks). Previously recognized as Raja inornata. We follow Last et al. (2016c), and current usage in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2017); with placement in Beringraja. Raja not found within eastern Pacific.

Beringraja rhina (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Longnose Skate. Described from Monterey Bay and San Francisco Bay. Museum specimens: Syntypes (3 specimens, accession location unknown); CAS-ICH 39891 (Monterey, WC Ruark); CAS-SU 61651 (Monterey Bay, JC Briggs). Publication: Jordan and Gilbert (1880h) (original description). Previously recognized as Raja rhina. We follow Last et al. (2016c), and current usage in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2017); with placement in Beringraja. Raja not found within eastern Pacific.

Beringraja stellulata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Starry Skate. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Paratypes [ANSP 414 (1), MNHN A-3295 (1), USNM 26975 (orig. 8, now 2), ZMB 11687 (1), ZMUB 877 (1)]; CAS-ICH 26919 (Pacific Grove, R Ishiyama); CAS-ICH 224344 (off Davenport, D Ebert and C Davis); CAS-SU 13288 (Santa Cruz, LJV Campangno). Publication: Jordan and Gilbert (1880d) (original description). Previously recognized as Raja stellulata. We follow Last et al. (2016c), and current usage in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2017); with placement in Beringraja. Raja not found within eastern Pacific.

Family ARHYNCHOBATIDAE – softnose skates

Bathyraja previously recognized in family Rajidae. We follow Last et al. (2016b), Last et al. (2016c), and current usage in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2017); with placement in family Arhynchobatidae.

Bathyraja abyssicola (Gilbert, 1896). Deepsea Skate. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 38013 (west of Yankee Point, WN Eschmeyer); CAS-ICH 58481 (off Point Sur, RN Lea). Publication: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual records: MBARI/NOAA T427-07 and MBARI/NOAA T427-09 (Davidson Seamount, D Ebert and L Kuhnz).

Bathyraja aleutica (Gilbert, 1896). Aleutian Skate. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 243646 (Año Nuevo Canyon, identifier unknown; RN Lea examined specimen, radiograph, and confirmed presence of scapular spines).

Bathyraja kincaidii (Garman, 1908). Sandpaper Skate. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 39852 (off Hurricane Point, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 58485 (west of Point Año Nuevo, RN Lea, previously Bathyraja interrupta); CAS-SU 5434 (near La Cruz Canyon, ME Anderson, previously B. interrupta). Previously recognized as B. interupta. We follow Last et al. (2016b), with placement in Bathyraja. California records previously identified as B. interrupta now deemed to be B. kincaidii; B. interrupta not known south of Bering Sea.

Bathyraja trachura (Gilbert, 1892). Roughtail Skate. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 47392 (Monterey Canyon, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 56106 (off Point Sur, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 58486 (west of Point Año Nuevo, RN Lea). Common name follows Ebert (2003).

Family PLATYRHINIDAE – thornbacks

Platyrhinoidis triseriata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Thornback. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 20586 and CAS-ICH 63204 (Elkhorn Slough, ES Herald); MLMLF0074 (Elkhorn Slough, A King). Publication: Herald (1953) (Elkhorn Slough). Ordinal classification unresolved at present; here, placed in Order Rajiformes.

Order Myliobatiformes

Family UROTRYGONIDAE – round stingrays

Urobatis halleri (Cooper, 1863). Round Stingray. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 20587 and CAS-ICH 31371 (Elkhorn Slough, ES Herald); MLMLF0116 (1.5 miles below Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, LT Ackerman). Publications: Herald (1953) (Elkhorn Slough); Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Dairy and Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough).

Family DASYATIDAE – whiptail stingrays

Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832). Pelagic Stingray. Publication: Mollet (2002) (bycatch in California drift gill net fishery for swordfish within Davidson Seamount Management Zone).

Family MYLIOBATIDAE – eagle rays

Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865. Bat Ray. Museum specimens: MLMLF0113 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, E Yarberry); CAS-SU 47326 (Elkhorn Slough, RL Bolin). Publications: Herald (1953) (Elkhorn Slough); Herald and Dempster (1952) (Elkhorn Slough); Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, Kirby Park, and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough).

Order Acipenseriformes

Family ACIPENSERIDAE – sturgeons

Acipenser medirostris Ayres, 1854. Green Sturgeon. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 53083 (Santa Cruz Pier, D Rawls); CAS-SU 55089 (Moss Landing Beach, WC Freihofer and HH DeWitt). Anadromous.

Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1836. White Sturgeon. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 82295 (Pajaro River Lagoon, RN Lea). Although museum specimens were not collected within MBNMS, this is an anadromous species that enters the ocean (adjacent MBNMS) during its life cycle.

Order Albuliformes

Family ALBULIDAE – bonefishes

Albula gilberti Pfeiler and van der Heiden, 2011. Cortez Bonefish. Museum specimens (under old name Albula vulpes): CAS-SU 13034 (Monterey Bay, identifier unknown); CAS-SU 35301 (Monterey during Mar 1941, El Niño, RL Bolin).

Order Notacanthiformes

Family HALOSAURIDAE – halosaurs

Aldrovandia cf. oleosa Sulak 1977. halosaur. Publications: Burton and Lundsten (2008) and Lundsten et al. (2009) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery, as Aldrovandia sp.). Visual record: MBARI/NOAA T427-11 (Davidson Seamount, GM Cailliet and RH Rosenblatt; Jacobson Stout et al. 2017, as Aldrovandia sp.). Specimen observed at Davidson Seamount (video) confirmed to genus by GM Cailliet (MLML) and R Rosenblatt (SIO); unable to identify to species level. However, Kamikawa and Stevenson (2010) state A. oleosa is the only halosaur and known species of Aldrovandia from the eastern North Pacific. No official common name.

Family NOTACANTHIDAE – deep-sea spiny eels

Notacanthus chemnitzii Bloch, 1788. Snubnosed Spiny Eel. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 58441 (Monterey Canyon, RN Lea); SIO 85-52 (off Point Sur, W Wakefield); SIO 88-99 (south of Point Sur, identifier unknown, NMFS). Publication: Lea and Rosenblatt (1987) (Monterey Canyon, CAS-ICH 58441; off Point Sur, SIO 85-52).

Order Anguilliformes

Family SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE – cutthroat eels

SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE sp. 1. cutthroat eel. Publications: Burton and Lundsten (2008), and Lundsten et al. (2009) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual record: MBARI/NOAA T945-04 (Davidson Seamount, EJ Burton, RN Lea, and L Lundsten; Jacobson Stout et al. 2017). Specimen observed at Davidson Seamount (video) was identified to the family level by EJ Burton (MBNMS), RN Lea (CAS), and L Lundsten (MBARI); Burton and Lundsten (2008). This is the only known record of Synaphobranchidae in MBNMS and may represent a new species (Lundsten et al. 2009). No official common name.

Family OPHICHTHIDAE – snake eels

Ophichthus triserialis (Kaup, 1856). Pacific Snake Eel. Museum specimen: MLMLF0139 (Moss Landing Harbor during Nov 1967, R Parrish; re-examined by RN Lea, 2017; 1002 mm). Miller and Lea (1972) consider rare from California. This species has also been taken from San Francisco Bay (Hopkirk 1965) and WSW of the Klamath River (Quirollo and Dinnel 1975).

Ophichthus zophochir Jordan and Gilbert, 1882. Yellow Snake Eel. Museum specimen: MLMLF0140 (powerplant intake screen at Moss Landing Harbor during Apr 1969, D Varoujean). This species is rather common in southern California waters (Hopkirk 1965). Other specimens were collected from San Francisco Bay in 1964 (CAS-ICH 23683, Hopkirk 1965) and 1999 (leptocephalus stage, Lea and Rosenblatt 2000). Specimens were most likely transported northward, through the MBNMS area, during a warm-water event (Lea and Rosenblatt 2000). This species has also been taken from Humboldt Bay during Jan 1971 (Quirollo and Dinnel 1975).

Family NEMICHTHYIDAE – snipe eels

Avocettina infans (Günther, 1878). Blackline Snipe Eel. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 56233 (Point Sur, ME Anderson).

Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson, 1848. Slender Snipe Eel. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 216851 (off Point Sur, RN Lea).

Family NETTASTOMATIDAE - duckbill eels

Facciolella equatorialis (Gilbert, 1891). Dogface Witch Eel. Visual records: CSUMB Dive 75-T1 (Carmel Canyon during Jun 2010, ~345 m, 2 specimens, reviewed by RN Lea; SIMoN (2018) (IfAME/MBNMS/MARE/TNC). Observation occurred during warm-water event (e.g., El Niño).

Venefica tentaculata Garman, 1899. Longnose Witch Eel. Publication: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual record: MBARI/NOAA T427-11 (Davidson Seamount, GM Cailliet, RN Lea, and RH Rosenblatt).

Family SERRIVOMERIDAE – sawtooth eels

Serrivomer sector Garman, 1899. Sawtooth Eel. Museum specimen: SIO 67-112 (Monterey Canyon, CL Hubbs). Publication: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual record: MBARI/NOAA T944-10 (Davidson Seamount, Jacobson Stout et al. 2017).

Order Saccopharyngiformes

Family CYEMATIDAE – bobtail eels

Cyema atrum Günther, 1878. Bobtail Eel. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 63700 (Monterey Canyon, R Bolin). Publication: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual record: MBARI/NOAA T425-11 (Davidson Seamount, EJ Burton and T Trejo).

Family SACCOPHARYNGIDAE – whiptail gulpers

Saccopharynx lavenbergi Nielsen and Bertelsen, 1985. Whiptail Gulper. Visual records: MBARI T622-07 and MBARI V2869-05 (Monterey Bay, Jacobson Stout et al. 2017).

Family EURYPHARYNGIDAE – gulpers

Eurypharynx pelecanoides Vaillant, 1882. Umbrellamouth Gulper.Visual record: MBARI D198-02 (Monterey Canyon, Jacobson Stout et al. 2017).

Order Clupeiformes

Family ENGRAULIDAE – anchovies

Engraulis mordax Girard, 1854. Northern Anchovy. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 65975 (off Point San Pedro, WI Follett); CAS-ICH 211630 (Monterey Canyon, RL Bolin); CAS-ICH 232634 (Elkhorn Slough, DW Behrens); SWFSC uncatalogued (Davidson Seamount during May 2015, W Watson). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, Kirby Park, and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough).

Family CLUPEIDAE – herrings

Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811). American Shad. Museum specimens: KU 23736 (west of Point Año Nuevo, M Domeier); MLMLF0146 (Elkhorn Slough near railroad bridge, LT Ackerman); SIO 05-88 (west of Lucia, D Kamikawa). Introduced from the Atlantic; anadromous (Miller and Lea 1972).

Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847. Pacific Herring. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25755 (Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf, WI Follett); CAS-SU 58410 (Elkhorn Slough, JC Briggs); CAS-SU 60786 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Dairy, Kirby Park, and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough).

Dorosoma petenense (Günther, 1867). Threadfin Shad. Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Kirby Park and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough). Findings presented by Yoklavich et al. (1991) are based on otter trawl studies by Barry (1983) and Cailliet et al. (1977). Native to southeastern U.S., and along eastern coast of Mexico and Central America; introduced into California freshwater lakes (Miller and Lea 1972, Dill and Cordone 1997). Live mainly in fresh water and become progressively less abundant as salinity increases; however, can survive and grow in seawater (Moyle 2002).

Etrumeus acuminatus Gilbert, 1890. Round Herring. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 59626 (off Monterey breakwater at Monterey Bay, RN Lea); CAS-SU 14165 (Monterey Bay, JE Randall). Publication: Phillips (1951b) (one mile offshore between Cape San Martin and Piedras Blancas). Previously recognized as Etrumeus teres (now known to be restricted to eastern North Atlantic). We follow naming convention of Randall and DiBattista (2012), and current usage in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2017).

Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842). Pacific Sardine. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 54931 (Monterey Bay, RN Lea); CAS-SU 58378 (Elkhorn Slough, JC Briggs); SWFSC uncatalogued (Davidson Seamount during May 2015, W Watson).

Order Argentiniformes

Family ARGENTINIDAE – argentines

Argentina sialis Gilbert, 1890. Pacific Argentine. Museum specimens: MLMLF0167 and MLMLF0168 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 35311 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 49737 (off Point Pinos, J Phillips).

Family MICROSTOMATIDAE – pencilsmelts

Microstoma sp. (Pacific species). pencilsmelt. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239292 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs); CAS-SU 49800 (Monterey Canyon, TN Fast). Recognized by some researchers as Microstoma microstoma. We follow Ahlstrom et al. (1984), and Moser and Butler (1996), where North Pacific is represented by a single undescribed species (Microstoma sp.). No official common name.

Nansenia candida Cohen, 1958. Bluethroat Argentine. Museum specimen: LACM-36264.001 (west of Monterey, identifier unknown).

Family BATHYLAGIDAE – deep-sea smelts

Four genera previously recognized in family Microstomatidae include: Bathylagoides, Leuroglossus, Lipolagus, and Pseudobathylagus. We follow Nelson et al. (2004), Nelson et al. (2016), and current usage in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2017), with placement in family Bathylagidae.

Bathylagoides wesethi (Bolin, 1938). Snubnose Blacksmelt. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (CAS-SU 32971); Paratypes (CAS-SU 32972, CAS-SU 32973); CAS-ICH 239291 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs). Publications: Bolin (1938) (original description).

Bathylagus pacificus Gilbert, 1890. Pacific Blacksmelt. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 54824 (Monterey Canyon, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 55061 (off Point Sur, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 98332 (Monterey Canyon, RL Bolin).

Leuroglossus stilbius Gilbert, 1890. California Smoothtongue. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239320 and CAS-ICH 239348 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Lipolagus ochotensis (Schmidt, 1938). Popeye Blacksmelt. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239374 (off Monterey, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 11-250 (west of Lucia, P Davison); SIO 85-57 (Monterey Canyon, W Wakefield); SWFSC uncatalogued (Davidson Seamount during May 2015, W Watson).

Pseudobathylagus milleri (Jordan & Gilbert, 1898). Robust Blacksmelt. Museum specimens: SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs); SWFSC uncatalogued (Davidson Seamount during May 2015, W Watson).

Family OPISTHOPROCTIDAE – spookfishes

Bathylychnops exilis Cohen, 1958. Javelin Spookfish. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 74351 (Monterey Bay, F Tsuji).

Dolichopteryx longipes (Vaillant, 1888). Brownsnout Spookfish. Museum specimen: UW 113807 (NE of Cabrillo Canyon, D Kamikawa).

Macropinna microstoma Chapman, 1939. Barreleye. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 48781 (Monterey Canyon, TN Fast); MLMLF0200 (Monterey Canyon, S Zeiner); SWFSC uncatalogued (Davidson Seamount during May 2015, W Watson). Publications: Bradbury and Cohen (1958) (Monterey Bay); Robison and Reisenbichler (2008) (Monterey Bay and Davidson Seamount). Visual records: MBARI V2571-05 (Monterey Bay, Robison and Reisenbichler 2008, Jacobson Stout et al. 2017); MBARI T0987-02 (Davidson Seamount, Robison and Reisenbichler 2008, Jacobson Stout et al. 2017).

Family ALEPOCEPHALIDAE – slickheads

Alepocephalus tenebrosus Gilbert, 1892. California Slickhead. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 42921 (Partington Canyon, B Antrim); MLMLF0202 (Monterey Bay, RH Parrish); MLMLF0204 (Ascension Canyon, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 65825 (Monterey Canyon, RL Bolin and TN Fast).

Talismania bifurcata (Parr, 1951). Threadfin Slickhead. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 36776 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 59661 (Monterey Bay, RN Lea).

Family PLATYTROCTIDAE – tubeshoulders

Holtbyrnia latifrons Sazonov, 1976. Streaklight Tubeshoulder. Museum specimens: MLMLF0211 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); SIO 67-112 (Monterey Canyon, CL Hubbs).

Mentodus eubranchus (Matsui & Rosenblatt, 1987). tubeshoulder. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 239349 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton). This is the first known record of occurrence within MBNMS (unpublished data, Burton, Lea, and DeVogelaere). No official common name.

Sagamichthys abei Parr, 1953. Shining Tubeshoulder. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 73324 (Monterey Bay, F Tsuji); MLMLF0217 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); SIO 87-16 (off Point Sur, R Snodgrass); SWFSC uncatalogued (Davidson Seamount during May 2015, RN Lea, EJ Burton, W Watson).

Order Osmeriformes

Family OSMERIDAE – smelts

Allosmerus elongatus (Ayres, 1854). Whitebait Smelt. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 46529 Half Moon Bay, M Hearne); CAS-SU 58426 (Monterey Bay, JC Briggs); USNM 86558 (Monterey, DS Jordan).

Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard, 1854). Surf Smelt. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25756 (Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf, WI Follett); CAS-SU 58391 (Elkhorn Slough, JC Briggs).

Spirinchus starksi (Fisk, 1913). Night Smelt. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25470 (San Simeon, CL Hubbs, LC Hubbs, WI Follett et al.); CAS-ICH 212344 (off Point Montara, RL Bolin); MLMLF0221 (Moss Landing Harbor, GE Kukowski); CAS-SU 60470 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge at Elkhorn Slough).

Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres, 1860). Longfin Smelt. Museum specimens: ANSP 7726 (Monterey, HW Fowler); CAS-SU 5215 (SE of Santa Cruz, US Fish Commission).

Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson, 1837). Eulachon. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37473 (Monterey Bay, T Iwamoto); CAS-ICH 54942 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); MLMLF0226 (off Davenport at Monterey Bay, ME Anderson).

Order Salmoniformes

Family SALMONIDAE – trouts and salmons

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792). Pink Salmon. Categorized as Historic. Scofield (1916) reported the following: several O. gorbuscha were collected from San Lorenzo River (Santa Cruz Co) in 1916; appears in San Lorenzo River only occasionally; is far out of natural range; strays have been taken in the Sacramento River. More recently, Moyle (2002) stated O. gorbuscha today are considered extremely rare in California and must be regarded as extirpated from the state.

Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792). Chum Salmon. Categorized as Historic. Scofield (1916) reported the following: three O. keta were collected from San Lorenzo River (Santa Cruz Co) in 1916; and have been reported from the Sacramento River. More recently, Moyle (2002) stated small runs of O. keta were historically present in streams from the Sacramento River north; a few fish are still taken in the Sacramento drainage, but no spawning has been recorded in recent decades; it has become increasingly rare in California, probably always uncommon; no recent records of chum salmon at northern Sacramento River drainage or San Joaquin drainage; considered endangered in California; and population in Sacramento River is extirpated.

Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792). Coho Salmon. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 20840 (Scotts Creek, 1934, AC Jones); CAS-ICH 21044 and CAS-ICH 21048 (San Lorenzo River, 1955, AC Jones); CAS-ICH 210251 (Gazos Creek Lagoon, San Mateo County, 1970, WI Follett); CAS-ICH 210273 (Tunitas Creek, San Mateo County, 1939, JD Hopkirk); CAS-SU 4667 (Waddell Creek, 1895, Rutter and Scofield). Publication: Moyle (2002) [Central California coast (Scott and Waddell Creeks, Santa Cruz County)]. Although museum specimens were not collected within MBNMS, this is an anadromous species that must enter the ocean (adjacent MBNMS) during its life cycle. Central California Coast Coho Salmon were listed as threatened in 1996, and in 2005 reclassified as endangered (NOAA Fisheries 2016).

Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Rainbow Trout (Steelhead). Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 23343 (Santa Cruz, RF Elwell); CAS-SU 15095 (Big Sur at Pfeiffer State Park, C Hubbs); USNM 27356 (Monterey, DS Jordan). Publication: Moyle (2002) [Central California coast steelhead (Aptos Creek); South/Central coast steelhead (Monterey Bay tributaries: Pajaro, Salinas, and Carmel Rivers; small streams of Big Sur coast; intermittent stream of San Luis Obispo)].

Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum, 1792). Chinook Salmon. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 225433 (Monterey Bay, DA Neely); MLMLF0230 (Monterey Bay, E Yarberry); CAS-SU 65851 (off Seaside, JB Phillips). Publications: Gilbert (1896) (Monterey Bay); Moyle (2002) [Central Valley fall-run (Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and tributaries); Central Valley spring-run (Sacramento River drainage); Sacramento River winter-run (mainstream Sacramento River)]. Important in recreational and commercial fisheries off central California coast.

Order Stomiiformes

Family GONOSTOMATIDAE – bristlemouths

Cyclothone acclinidens Garman, 1899. Benttooth Bristlemouth. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239350 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); MLMLF0231 and MLMLF0232 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Cyclothone atraria Gilbert, 1905. Black Bristlemouth. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239321 and CAS-ICH 239351 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Cyclothone pallida Brauer, 1902. Tan Bristlemouth. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 36750 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 97657 (Monterey Canyon, RL Bolin); CAS-ICH 97660 (off Point Pinos, RL Bolin).

Cyclothone pseudopallida Mukhacheva, 1964. Slender Bristlemouth. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239322 and CAS-ICH 239352 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); CAS-ICH 239362 (Sur Ridge, RN Lea and EJ Burton).

Cyclothone signata Garman, 1899. Showy Bristlemouth. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239353 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); MLMLF0238 (Monterey Bay, GM Cailliet); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Gonostoma atlanticum Norman, 1930. Atlantic Fangjaw. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 239304 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton).

Family STERNOPTYCHIDAE – marine hatchetfishes

Argyropelecus affinis Garman, 1899. Slender Hatchetfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239354 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco, 1829. Spurred Hatchetfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239331 and CAS-ICH 239355 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Argyropelecus lychnus Garman, 1899. Tropical Hatchetfish. Museum specimens: MLMLF0255 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); SWFSC uncatalogued (Sur Ridge during May 2015, W Watson).

Argyropelecus sladeni Regan, 1908. Lowcrest Hatchetfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239356 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); MLMLF0258 (off Santa Cruz, B Antrim); SIO 67-112 (Monterey Canyon, CL Hubbs). Common name follows Hubbs et al. (1979).

Danaphos oculatus (Garman, 1899). Bottlelight. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239295 and CAS-ICH 239357 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Sternoptyx diaphana Hermann, 1781. Longspine Hatchetfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 36778 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 54992 (Monterey Canyon, ME Anderson); MLMLF0265 (Monterey Bay, GM Cailliet).

Sternoptyx obscura Garman, 1899. Dusky Hatchetfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239386 (Monterey Canyon, RN Lea and EJ Burton); MLMLF0268 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 63852 (Monterey Canyon, TN Fast).

Family PHOSICHTHYIDAE – lightfishes

Vinciguerria lucetia (Garman, 1899). Panama Lightfish. Museum specimen: MLMLF0278 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson). Specimen re-examined by RN Lea, 2018; 29.5 mm SL.

Family STOMIIDAE – dragonfishes

Aristostomias scintillans (Gilbert, 1915). Shiny Loosejaw. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (USNM 75808); CAS-ICH 239365 (Sur Ridge, RN Lea and EJ Burton); CAS-SU 58424 (off Hopkins Marine Station, JC Briggs); CAS-SU 64323 (Monterey Canyon, TN Fast). Publication: Gilbert (1915) (original description).

Bathophilus flemingi Aron and McCrery, 1958. Highfin Dragonfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 36762 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson), CAS-ICH 56236 (off Point Sur, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 63582 (Monterey Canyon, ME Anderson).

Chauliodus macouni Bean, 1890. Pacific Viperfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 36779 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 239333 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); CAS-ICH 239366 (Sur Ridge, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Idiacanthus antrostomus Gilbert, 1890. Pacific Blackdragon. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 36746 and CAS-ICH 36782 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 239316 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); CAS-ICH 239367 (Sur Ridge, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Stomias atriventer Garman, 1899. Blackbelly Dragonfish. Museum specimens: SIO 89-167 (south of Sur Ridge, identifier unknown, NMFS); SIO 78-115 (between Davidson Seamount Management Zone and MBNMS, 6.5 miles east of zone, identifier unknown, CalCOFI) included here due to close proximity of MBNMS and other record.

Tactostoma macropus Bolin, 1939. Longfin Dragonfish. Described from off Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (CAS-SU 33325); CAS-ICH 15012 (west of Big Sur, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 36740 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 239297 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs). Publication: Bolin (1939) (original description).

Order Aulopiformes

Family SYNODONTIDAE – lizardfishes

Synodus lucioceps (Ayres, 1855). California Lizardfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 18218 (Santa Cruz, R Dempster); CAS-ICH 79997 (Monterey Beach near Wharf #2, WC Freihofer); CAS-SU 12604 (Pacific Grove, H Heath).

Family NOTOSUDIDAE – waryfishes

Scopelosaurus adleri (Fedorov, 1967). Longfin Waryfish. Listed with reservation. Museum specimens: SWFSC uncatalogued (Davidson Seamount during May 2015, W Watson, provisional identification; two specimens: 15.7-30.3 mm SL). Larger specimen identified as S. adleri according to pigment characters in Balanov and Savinykh (1999). Smaller specimen identified as Scopelosaurus sp.; pigment characters don’t quite fit those given by Balanov and Savinykh (1999) for either S. adleri or S. harryi, but are closest to S. adleri. This species has a broad distribution in the northern Pacific Ocean, including California (Balanov and Savinykh 1999). This is the first known record of occurrence within Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (unpublished data, Burton, Lea, and DeVogelaere). Common name follows Mecklenburg et al. (2002).

Scopelosaurus harryi (Mead, 1953). Scaly Waryfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 36764 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); SIO 74-14 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, identifier unknown, CalCOFI).

Family SCOPELARCHIDAE – pearleyes

Benthalbella dentata (Chapman, 1939). Northern Pearleye. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 83254 (Monterey Canyon, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 239368 (Sur Ridge, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-112 (Monterey Canyon, CL Hubbs).

Family ALEPISAURIDAE – lancetfishes

Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833. Longnose Lancetfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 26078 (Half Moon Bay beach during May 1953, identifier unknown); CAS-ICH 26776 (Monterey Bay during May 1960, identifier unknown). Publications: Phillips (1930a) (Fan Shell Beach during Apr 1930, El Niño); Phillips (1931b) (Monterey during Oct 1930, El Niño); Phillips (1932c) (Monterey during 1931, El Niño). Records have coincided with El Niño events, but collections are likely due to beach cast events. According to Phillips (1930a) “This fish is taken only when it is forced above its natural deep sea strata.”

Family ANOTOPTERIDAE – daggerfishes

Anotopterus nikparini Kukuev, 1998. North Pacific Daggertooth. Museum specimen: SIO 06-16 (Monterey Bay, KA Moots). Previously recognized in family Paralepididae (barracudinas). We follow Voskoboinikova and Nazarkin (2017), and current usage in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2017); with placement in family Anotopteridae.

Family PARALEPIDIDAE – barracudinas

Arctozenus risso (Bonaparte, 1840). White Barracudina. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 49270 (Monterey Bay, TN Fast); CAS-SU 49271 (Monterey Canyon, RL Bolin).

Lestidiops ringens (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Slender Barracudina. Museum specimens: MLMLF0316 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); SIO 67-112 (Monterey Canyon, CL Hubbs); SIO 74-14 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, identifier unknown, CalCOFI).

Lestidiops sphyraenopsis Hubbs, 1916. Smalleye Barracudina. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 18728 (Half Moon Bay, L Dempster); CAS-SU 35171 (10 miles south of Point Sur, identifier unknown, Templeton Crocker Expedition). Common name follows Hubbs et al. (1979).

Magnisudis atlantica (Krøyer, 1868). Duckbill Barracudina. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 41868 (Monterey Wharf #2, JB Phillips).

Family BATHYSAURIDAE – deep-sea lizardfishes

Bathysaurus mollis Günther, 1878. Highfin Lizardfish. Publication: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual records: MBARI/NOAA T426-08, MBARI/NOAA T427-07 and MBARI/NOAA T427-10 (Davidson Seamount, Jacobson Stout et al. 2017). Previously recognized in family Synodontidae (lizardfishes). We follow Sato and Nakabo (2002), Russell (2003), and current usage in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2017), with placement in family Bathysauridae.

Order Myctophiformes

Family MYCTOPHIDAE – lanternfishes

Ceratoscopelus townsendi (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Dogtooth Lampfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239298 and CAS-ICH 239334 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Diaphus theta Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890. California Headlightfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239307 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); CAS-ICH 239369 (Sur Ridge, RN Lea and EJ Burton); CAS-ICH 239389 (Monterey Canyon, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Diogenichthys atlanticus (Tåning, 1928). Longfin Lanternfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239336 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 74-14 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, identifier unknown, CalCOFI); CAS-SU 63873 (Monterey Canyon, TN Fast).

Lampanyctus steinbecki Bolin, 1939. Longfin Lampfish. Museum specimens: SIO 74-14 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone during Aug 1970, identifier unknown, CalCOFI); SIO 89-182 (outside Monterey Bay during Aug 1972, identifier unknown, NMFS); SIO 89-184 (outside Monterey Bay during Aug 1972, identifier unknown, NMFS).

Lampanyctus tenuiformis (Brauer, 1906). lanternfish. Listed with reservation. Museum specimens: SIO 89-165, SIO 89-167, SIO 89-168 and SIO 96-193 (west of Big Sur, identifier unknown, NMFS). Wisner (1976) indicates L. tenuiformis is apparently widespread in the eastern Pacific Ocean, but with few specimens taken is either uncommon or not captured. A large number of SIO specimens are available; however, we consider suspect due to rarity. We tentatively include here, understanding specimens may be misidentified. No official common name.

Nannobrachium regale (Gilbert, 1892). Pinpoint Lampfish. Museum specimens: MLMLF0389 (Monterey Bay, GM Cailliet); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs); SWFSC uncatalogued (Sur Ridge during May 2015, W Watson).

Nannobrachium ritteri (Gilbert 1915). Broadfin Lampfish. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (USNM 75807); CAS-ICH 239308 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); CAS-ICH 239370 (Sur Ridge, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs). Publication: Gilbert (1915) (original description).

Parvilux ingens Hubbs and Wisner, 1964. Giant Lampfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 63859 (Monterey Canyon, RL Bolin); MLMLF0397 (Monterey Bay, GM Cailliet); SIO 87-16 (off Point Sur, R Snodgrass).

Protomyctophum crockeri (Bolin, 1939). California Flashlightfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239326 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); CAS-ICH 239377 (Monterey Bay, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Protomyctophum thompsoni (Chapman, 1944). Northern Flashlightfish. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 203156 (Monterey Canyon, RL Bolin).

Stenobrachius leucopsarus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890) Northern Lampfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239359 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); CAS-ICH 239371 (Sur Ridge, RN Lea and EJ Burton); CAS-ICH 239378 (Monterey Bay, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Symbolophorus californiensis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). California Lanternfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239301 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); MLMLF0412 (Monterey Canyon, ME Anderson); SIO 89-174 (offshore Monterey Bay, identifier unknown, NMFS). Common name follows Hubbs et al. (1979).

Taaningichthys paurolychnus Davy, 1972. Dimlight Lampfish. Museum specimens: Paratypes (SIO 67-102, within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Tarletonbeania crenularis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Blue Lanternfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239392 (Monterey Canyon, RN Lea and EJ Burton); MLMLF0420 (Monterey Bay, D Varoujean); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Triphoturus mexicanus (Gilbert, 1890). Mexican Lampfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 239360 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); CAS-ICH 239372 (Sur Ridge, RN Lea and EJ Burton); CAS-SU 66290 (Monterey Canyon, RL Bolin).

Order Lampridiformes

Family LAMPRIDAE – opahs

Lampris incognitus (Underkoffler, Luers, Hyde, and Craig, 2018). Smalleye Pacific Opah. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 29716 (off Princeton, Half Moon Bay, identifier unknown, Aug 1973, El Niño); CAS-ICH 53013 (WSW of Point Piedras Blancas, identifier unknown, Oct 1964, moderate El Niño); CAS-ICH 53015 (off Half Moon Bay, identifier unknown, Aug 1973, El Niño). Publication: Radovich (1961) (off Monterey during 1957 and 1959, El Niño). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño). Based on recent genetic, morphological, and meristic data analyses, recent publications propose a taxonomic revision of Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788), including a description of the new species Lampris incognitus (Hyde et al. 2014, Underkoffler et al. 2018). We follow Underkoffler et al. (2018), where Lampris incognitus is the only known opah species occurring in the Eastern North Pacific. Previous to this revision, California records have been reported as Lampris regius and Lampris guttatus.

Family TRACHIPTERIDAE – ribbonfishes

Desmodema lorum Rosenblatt and Butler, 1977. Whiptail Ribbonfish. Museum specimen: SIO 74-14 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, identifier unknown, CalCOFI). Visual record: MBARI D668-01 (2 miles north of Davidson Seamount Management Zone, Jacobson Stout et al. 2017) included here due to close proximity of MBNMS and other record.

Trachipterus altivelis Kner, 1859. King-of-the-salmon. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 49067 (Pacific Grove during Oct 1981, WN Eschmeyer); CAS-ICH 58607 (Davenport during Jun 1986, identifier unknown, NMFS); MLMLF0433 (Monterey Breakwater during Jan 1971, GE Kukowski); CAS-SU 13080 (Monterey beach during Jun 1907, JO Snyder). Publication: Phillips (1932d) (Monterey Bay during 1931, El Niño).

Order Gadiformes

Family MACROURIDAE – grenadiers

Coelorinchus scaphopsis (Gilbert, 1890). Shoulderspot Grenadier. Museum specimen: SIO 88-127 (off Cambria, HG Moser).

Coryphaenoides acrolepis (Bean, 1884). Pacific Grenadier. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 18780 (off Santa Cruz, R Dempster); CAS-ICH 42566 (off Cypress Point, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 65080 (Monterey Bay, T Iwamoto); CAS-SU 17980 (off Point Lobos, RL Bolin). Publication: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual records: MBARI/NOAA T428-04 and MBARI/NOAA D944-04 (Davidson Seamount, EJ Burton, L Kuhnz, and L Lundsten; Jacobson Stout et al. 2017).

Coryphaenoides armatus (Hector, 1875). Abyssal Grenadier. Publication: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual record: MBARI/NOAA T427-03 (Davidson Seamount, EJ Burton and L Kuhnz).

Coryphaenoides cinereus (Gilbert, 1896). Popeye Grenadier. Museum specimens: UW 41685 (near Monterey Bay, Hoff 1999); UW 113725 (Monterey Bay, J Hoff). Publication: Hoff (1999) (near Monterey Bay, UW 41685). Common name follows Cohen et al. (1990).

Coryphaenoides filifer (Gilbert, 1896). Threadfin Grenadier. Publication: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual record: MBARI/NOAA T426-04 (Davidson Seamount, EJ Burton and L Kuhnz; Jacobson Stout et al. 2017). Common name follows Hubbs et al. (1979).

Coryphaenoides leptolepis Günther, 1877. Ghostly Grenadier. Publication: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual records: MBARI/NOAA T427-04 and MBARI/NOAA T945-02 (Davidson Seamount, EJ Burton and L Kuhnz; Jacobson Stout et al. 2017).

Coryphaenoides pectoralis (Gilbert, 1892). Giant Grenadier. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 34356 (Monterey Bay, T Iwamoto); CAS-ICH 51589 (Santa Cruz, RN Lea); MLMLF0459 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson). Visual records: MBARI/NOAA T943-03 (Davidson Seamount, EJ Burton and T Iwamoto); MBARI D621 (Sur Ridge, EJ Burton and L Kuhnz). Previously recognized as Albatrossia pectoralis. We follow Wilson (1994), Morita (1999), Wilson and Attia (2003), and Gaither et al. (2016), with placement in Coryphaenoides.

Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe, 1843). Softhead Grenadier. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 55884 (San Simeon, T Iwamoto); UW 41690 (near Point Sur, Hoff 1999). Publication: Hoff (1999) (near Point Sur, UW 41690). Common name follows Cohen et al. (1990).

Nezumia liolepis (Gilbert, 1890). Smooth Grenadier. Museum specimen: CAS-SU 5351 (Cabrillo Canyon, SW of Santa Cruz, identifier unknown, US Fish Commission). Publication: Hoff et al. (2000) (outside Monterey Bay).

Nezumia stelgidolepis (Gilbert, 1890). California Grenadier. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 30457 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 31509 (off Point San Simeon, WI Follett); CAS-ICH 32309 (off Pigeon Point, T Iwamoto). Publication: Hoff et al. (2000) (off Cape San Martin).

Family MORIDAE – codlings

Antimora microlepis Bean, 1890. Pacific Flatnose. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 34353 and CAS-ICH 34354 (off Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 5276 (off Monterey Bay, identifier unknown, US Fish Commission). Publication: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual record: MBARI/NOAA T427-05 (Davidson Seamount, L Kuhnz).

Halargyreus johnsonii Günther, 1862. Slender Codling. Museum specimen: UW 48729 (east of Sur Ridge, RC Harrison). Common name follows Cohen et al. (1990).

Physiculus nematopus Gilbert, 1890. Charcoal Codling. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 241419 (head of Monterey Canyon at Monterey Bay, RN Lea). This account documents the first verifiable record of this species from outside the Panamic biogeographic province. The specimen was collected by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, F/V Donna Kathleen, on 25 Mar 2013, using fish traps while conducting juvenile rockfish surveys in Monterey Bay. The fish was given to RNL for identification as an unusual capture. Upon examination it was obvious as Physiculus and would have been easy to assume it as Physiculus rastrelliger, Hundred-fathom Codling; the species known from the eastern North Pacific and occasionally encountered off California. However, during routine analysis it became apparent that it was not P. rastrelliger and was in fact P. nematopus. Data relating to the specimen including characteristics distinguishing it from P. rastrelliger: 173 mm TL; 155 mm SL; 62.1 g; caudal area injured, hence second dorsal fin, anal fin soft-ray, and caudal fin counts were not possible – confirmed by x-ray; first Dorsal fin IX; Pectoral fin left 24; Pelvic fins 6, filamentous (7 in P. rastrelliger); Gill rakers left 3+13=16 (18-22 on lower limb and 26 to 30 total in P. rastrelliger). Paulin (1989) provided a review of the genus Physiculus.

Physiculus rastrelliger Gilbert, 1890. Hundred-fathom Codling. Museum specimens: MLMLF0486 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); SIO 09-200 (Monterey Canyon, identifier unknown).

Family MERLUCCIIDAE – merlucciid hakes

Merluccius productus (Ayres, 1855). Pacific Hake. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 26079 (Half Moon Bay, WI Follett); CAS-ICH 81648 (Monterey Canyon, EH Ahlstrom); CAS-SU 65856 (Monterey Canyon, TN Fast).

Family GADIDAE – cods

Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas, 1814. Walleye Pollock. Publications: Phillips (1942a) (Monterey Bay); Phillips (1943b) (off Carmel). Visual records: unpublished data (landed at Moss Landing during 1986, 588 mm TL, RN Lea); unpublished data (off Santa Cruz during 1996, 165 fathoms, 625 mm TL, RN Lea); unpublished data (south of Lopez Point during 1997, 220 fathoms, 550 mm TL, RN Lea).

Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810. Pacific Cod. Museum specimens: MLMLF0467 and MLMLF0468 (Monterey Bay, E Osada). Publications: Phillips (1951a) (off Point Sur), Phillips (1953) (Monterey area).

Microgadus proximus (Girard, 1854). Pacific Tomcod. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25447 (Half Moon Bay, WI Follett); MLMLF0469 (off Pajaro River at Monterey Bay, L Talent); UMMZ 56377 (Monterey Bay, WL Scofield).

Order Ophidiiformes

Family OPHIDIIDAE – cusk-eels

Chilara taylori (Girard, 1858). Spotted Cusk-eel. Described from Monterey. Museum specimens: Syntypes [MCZ 35928, UMMZ 146978, USNM 867]; CAS-ICH 31773 (off Cambria, JB Phillips); CAS-ICH 81604 (Monterey, RL Bolin); CAS-ICH 236552 (Del Monte Beach, RN Lea); CAS-SU 64112 (Davidson Seamount, 82 mm TL nektonic prejuvenile, specimen likely spit up by Albacore, collected by fisherman, RN Lea). Publications: Girard (1858a) (original description); Cailliet et al. (1977) (Hwy 1 Bridge at Elkhorn Slough).

Lamprogrammus niger Alcock, 1891. Paperbone Cusk-eel. Museum specimen: UW 47396 (canyon south of Pioneer Canyon, J Hoff).

Luciobrotula sp. A. cusk-eel. Publications: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery); Burton et al. (2017) (Sur Ridge, based on imagery). Visual records: MBARI T0357-02 and MBARI T0611-02 (Monterey Canyon, Jacobson Stout et al. 2017); MBARI D0981-02 (Sur Ridge, Burton et al. 2017); MBARI/NOAA T0430-11 (Davidson Seamount, Burton and Lundsten 2008). Taxonomist assessment of MBARI visual records in Aug 2012 by Jørgen G. Nielsen (retired, University of Copenhagen); ‘closest recorded species in this genus is from Panama, so these are probably an undescribed species’ (Jacobson Stout et al. 2017). No official common name.

Spectrunculus grandis (Günther, 1877). Giant Cusk-eel. Publications: Burton and Lundsten (2008), and Lundsten et al. (2009) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual records: MBARI/NOAA T946-01, MBARI/NOAA T946-03, MBARI/NOAA T946-04 and MBARI/NOAA T947-01 (Davidson Seamount, EJ Burton, GM Cailliet and L Lundsten).

Family BYTHITIDAE – viviparous brotulas

Brosmophycis marginata (Ayres, 1854). Red Brotula. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 80641 (off Half Moon Bay, B Breen); SIO 89-194 (west of Monterey Bay, identifier unknown, NMFS).

Cataetyx rubrirostris Gilbert, 1890. Rubynose Brotula. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 36749, CAS-ICH 36771, and CAS-ICH 36792 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson). Publications: Anderson et al. (1979) (Monterey Bay); Gibbs (1991) (Monterey and Carmel Canyons).

Order Batrachoidiformes

Family BATRACHOIDIDAE – toadfishes

Porichthys notatus Girard, 1854. Plainfin Midshipman. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 23406 (Santa Cruz Wharf, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 233552 (Monterey Bay, RR Rofen); CAS-SU 58446 (Elkhorn Slough, JC Briggs). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, Kirby Park, and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough).

Order Lophiiformes

Family LOPHIIDAE – goosefishes

Lophiodes spilurus (Garman, 1899). Threadfin Goosefish. Museum specimen: LACM 43535.001 (SW of Santa Cruz during 1983, El Niño, RN Lea). Publication: Lea et al. (1984) (SW of Santa Cruz during 1983, El Niño, second California record). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family CHAUNACIDAE – gapers

Chaunacops coloratus (Garman, 1899). gaper. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 216055 (Davidson Seamount, GM Cailliet and HC Ho). Publications: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, CAS-ICH 216055); Lundsten et al. (2012) (Davidson Seamount, CAS-ICH 216055). No official common name.

Family MELANOCETIDAE – blackdevils

Melanocetus johnsonii Günther, 1864. Blackdevil. Museum specimen: UW 48693 (Sur Canyon, identifier unknown, NMFS). Visual record: MBARI D695 (Monterey Bay, Jacobson Stout et al. 2017). MBARI visual record resolved to genus; however, M. johnsonii is the only known species off California (Fitch and Lavenberg 1968, Love et al. 2005).

Family HIMANTOLOPHIDAE – footballfishes

Himantolophus nigricornis Bertelsen and Krefft, 1988. footballfish. Museum specimen: SIO 94-71 (off Point Año Nuevo, RN Lea). No official common name.

Himantolophus sagamius (Tanaka, 1918). Pacific Footballfish. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 57639 (Monterey Canyon, E Bertelsen). Publication: Lea (1988) (Monterey Canyon, CAS-ICH 57639).

Family ONEIRODIDAE – dreamers

Chaenophryne longiceps Regan, 1925. dreamer. Museum specimens: SIO 98-115 (Monterey Bay, RN Lea); USNM 150087 (off Point Pinos, identifier unknown, “Albatross” Explorations of the California Coast, 1904). No official common name.

Chaenophryne melanorhabdus Regan and Trewavas, 1932. Smooth Dreamer. Museum specimens: SIO 96-75 off (Moss Landing, B Leos); SIO 97-128 (south of Point Sur, identifier unknown, CDFG). Common name follows Mecklenburg et al. (2002).

Family CERATIIDAE – seadevils

Cryptopsaras couesii Gill, 1883. Triplewart Seadevil. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 73320 (Monterey Canyon during Aug 1990, M Innes). Publication: Fast (1957) (Monterey Bay during Sept 1956, warm-water event). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Order Mugiliformes

Family MUGILIDAE – mullets

Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758. Striped Mullet. Museum specimens: SBMNH 1800 (Marina Dunes, identifier unknown); USNM 26796 (Monterey, DS Jordan). Visual records: unpublished data (Monterey Wharf #2 during Oct 1987, K Oda); unpublished data (Monterey Wharf #2 during Oct 2001, 545 mm TL, 1880.2 g, RN Lea). Found in warm seas (Miller and Lea 1972), rare north of Point Conception (Moyle 2002); and found in San Francisco Bay and as far north as Humboldt Bay (Wallace et al. 2015) during warm water years (e.g. El Niño). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Order Atheriniformes

Family ATHERINOPSIDAE – New World silversides

Atherinops affinis (Ayres, 1860). Topsmelt. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 45119 (southern Monterey Bay, D Wilson); CAS-SU 55244 (Elkhorn Slough, WC Freihofer); CAS-SU 58401 (Elkhorn Slough, JC Briggs). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, Kirby Park, and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough).

Atherinopsis californiensis Girard, 1854. Jacksmelt. Museum specimens: MLMLF0546 (near Dairy at Elkhorn Slough, GE Kukowski); CAS-SU 47508 (Pacific Grove, WC Freihofer); CAS-SU 58399 (Elkhorn Slough, JC Briggs). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, and Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough).

Leuresthes tenuis (Ayres, 1860). California Grunion. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 42072 (New Brighton State Beach, Santa Cruz County, JD Spratt); CAS-ICH 54825 (Moss Landing during 1983, El Niño, GM Cailliet); SIO 45-56 (off Del Monte Beach, CL Hubbs). Publications: Thompson (1920) (Monterey); Phillips (1943a) (Monterey during 1942); Radovich (1961) (Monterey during 1959, El Niño); Spratt (1981) (New Brighton State Beach, Santa Cruz County, CAS-ICH 42072). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Order Beloniformes

Family EXOCOETIDAE – flyingfishes

Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett, 1831). Smallhead Flyingfish. Publication: Cooper (1863) (to at least Santa Cruz). Visual records: Observed during Aug 1986 off Point Joe by John Stern (San Francisco State University graduate student, reported to Alan Baldridge, Hopkins Marine Station); three sightings observed from Cypress Point and Point Sur areas during Jun 1992 (warm-water event) by Richard Ternullo (skipper of PT SUR CLIPPER, reported to Alan Baldridge, Hopkins Marine Station); observed 2.5 miles off Cypress Point during Jul 1994 (warm-water event) by Nancy Black (Oceanic Society Expeditions, reported to RN Lea). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family BELONIDAE – needlefishes

Strongylura exilis (Girard, 1854). California Needlefish. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 64942 (San Francisco Bay, near Golden Gate Bridge during Apr 1986, moderate El Niño, identifier unknown). Publication: Phillips (1940) (“short distance off Monterey”). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family SCOMBERESOCIDAE – sauries

Cololabis saira (Brevoort, 1856). Pacific Saury. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 18215 (Half Moon Bay, RR Harry); CAS-ICH 25629 (off Waddell Creek during 1950, WI Follett); MLMLF0555 (Monterey Bay during Nov 1970, L Talent). Visual record: SIMoN (2018) (Davidson Seamount during Jul 2018, EJ Burton). Publication: Phillips (1932a) (Monterey Bay during 1931, El Niño).

Order Stephanoberyciformes

Family MELAMPHAIDAE – bigscales

Melamphaes lugubris Gilbert, 1890. Highsnout Bigscale. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 36796 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs); SWFSC uncatalogued (Davidson Seamount during May 2015, W Watson). We collected a larval specimen of Melamphaes sp. from Davidson Seamount during 2015, that was provisionally identified by W Watston (NOAA Fisheries, SWFSC) as Melamphaes cf. parvus. Identification follows Sandknop and Watson (1996). Specimen may be Melamphaes parvus; however, not in good enough condition to be certain. This species is known to occur off California (Ebeling 1962, Sandknop and Watson 1996, Kotlyar 2004). This provisional identification of M. parvus is not included in the total number of species in MBNMS. Common name follows Hubbs et al. (1979).

Poromitra crassiceps (Günther, 1878). Crested Bigscale. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 36752 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 239361 (Davidson Seamount, RN Lea and EJ Burton); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs). Common name follows Hubbs et al. (1979).

Scopelogadus bispinosus (Gilbert, 1915). Twospine Bigscale. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 36735 and CAS-ICH 36790 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs). Common name follows Hubbs et al. (1979).

Order Beryciformes

Family ANOPLOGASTRIDAE – fangtooths

Anoplogaster cornuta (Valenciennes, 1833). Fangtooth. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 55413 (off Point Sur, ME Anderson); SIO 88-99 (south of Point Sur, identifier unknown, NMFS).

Order Zeiformes

Family OREOSOMATIDAE – oreos

Allocyttus folletti Myers, 1960. Oxeye Oreo. Museum specimens and Publication: CAS-ICH 39087 (off Cypress Point, Anderson et al. 1979); CAS-ICH 39088 (off Point Sur, Anderson et al. 1979).

Family ZEIDAE – dories

Zenopsis nebulosa (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845). Mirror Dory. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 24164 (Monterey Bay, P Gregory).

Order Gasterosteiformes

Family AULORHYNCHIDAE – tubesnouts

Aulorhynchus flavidus Gill, 1861. Tubesnout. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 35360 (Point Cabrillo at Monterey Bay, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 35361 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 58405 (Carmel Beach, JC Briggs).

Family GASTEROSTEIDAE – sticklebacks

Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758. Threespine Stickleback. Museum specimens: OSUM 71680 (Elkhorn Slough, G Varney and G Varney, Jr); CAS-SU 15026 (upper Elkhorn Slough, HW Freeman and IL Firschein). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (station location from Barry 1983, Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough)

Family SYNGNATHIDAE – pipefishes

Cosmocampus arctus (Jenkins & Evermann, 1889). Snubnose Pipefish. Museum specimens: SIO 11-335 (Elkhorn Slough, RN Lea); SIO 45-53 (Elkhorn Slough, CL Hubbs and RL Bolin).

Syngnathus californiensis Storer, 1845. Kelp Pipefish. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 35362 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 36462 (Elkhorn Slough, ES Herald and WI Follett); CAS-SU 58461 (Hopkins Marine Station, JC Briggs).

Syngnathus exilis (Osburn & Nichols, 1916). Barcheek Pipefish. Museum specimens: SIO 45-56 (Monterey Bay, Hubbs), SIO 92-135 (Elkhorn Slough, RN Lea and L Allen).

Syngnathus leptorhynchus Girard, 1854. Bay Pipefish. Museum specimens: SIO 45-53 and SIO 62-510 (Elkhorn Slough, CL Hubbs); SIO 93-189 (Elkhorn Slough, RN Lea). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge and Dairy at Elkhorn Slough).

Order Scorpaeniformes

Family SCORPAENIDAE – scorpionfishes

Scorpaena guttata Girard, 1854. California Scorpionfish. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (USNM 350); MLMLF0613 (off Santa Cruz at Monterey Bay during 1970, L Talent and D Varoujean). Publications: Girard (1854) (original description); Varoujean (1972) (3 miles off Point Santa Cruz, MLMLF0613). Visual record: Observed and collected live at 2 miles from Moss Landing jetty on south side of Monterey Canyon during Dec 1984 by Bill Frogue (commercial fisherman, reported and delivered to Dave Powell for display at Monterey Bay Aquarium).

Sebastes atrovirens (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Kelp Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25901 (Monterey Bay, WI Follett); CAS-ICH 47396 (kelp bed off Lovers Point, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 56343 (Monterey Breakwater, W Laroche). Publications: Cailliet et al. (1977) (Dairy at Elkhorn Slough); Lea (1983) (Monterey Bay to San Simeon).

Sebastes auriculatus Girard, 1854. Brown Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 14803 (Monterey Bay, DW Behrens); CAS-ICH 40643 (Elkhorn Slough, RL Bolin); CAS-ICH 56272 (Half Moon Bay, W Laroche). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, and Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough).

Sebastes aurora (Gilbert, 1890). Aurora Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37500 (west of Pigeon Point, T Iwamoto); CAS-ICH 39893 (off Yankee Point, WN Eschmeyer and T Iwamoto); CAS-ICH 40033 (NW of Point Pinos, WC Ruark).

Sebastes babcocki (Thompson, 1915). Redbanded Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 30468 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 30735 (west of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 38724 (Monterey Bay, WA Laroche).

Sebastes borealis Barsukov, 1970. Shortraker Rockfish. Museum specimen: SIO 01-186 (between Carmel Bay and Big Sur, RN Lea).

Sebastes brevispinis (Bean, 1884). Silvergray Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25997 (off Point Sur, identifier unknown); CAS-SU 47300 (off Point Sur, L Schultz).

Sebastes carnatus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Gopher Rockfish. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Syntypes [ANSP 12190 (1), USNM 26993 (5)]; CAS-ICH 14735 (Carmel River Beach, L Hallacher); CAS-ICH 27697 (off Half Moon Bay, WN Eschmeyer). Publication: Jordan and Gilbert (1880c) (original description).

Sebastes caurinus Richardson, 1844. Copper Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 14734 (Monastery Beach, L Hallacher); CAS-ICH 27356 (Del Monte kelp bed at Monterey Bay, DC Powell); CAS-ICH 40641 (Elkhorn Slough, WA Laroche). Publication: Cailliet et al. (1977) (Hwy 1 Bridge and Dairy at Elkhorn Slough).

Sebastes chlorostictus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Greenspotted Rockfish. Described from deep water at Monterey; obtained at San Francisco market. Museum specimens: Syntypes (numerous specimens, including: ANSP 12126, USNM 26964, USNM 27092); CAS-ICH 25991 (off Half Moon Bay, WI Follett); CAS-ICH 47400 (off Point Piedras Blancas, RN Lea). Publication: Jordan and Gilbert (1880i) (original description).

Sebastes chrysomelas (Jordan & Gilbert, 1881). Black-and-yellow Rockfish. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Syntypes [numerous specimens including: ANSP 12127 (1), USNM 26968 (4)]; CAS-SU 15122 (Soberanes Point, C Hubbs); CAS-ICH 51863 (just south of Point Sur, RN Lea). Publication: Jordan and Gilbert (1881) (original description).

Sebastes constellatus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Starry Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 84359 (near Monterey, D Montgomery); CAS-SU 3236 (Pacific Grove, WW Thoburn); CAS-SU 11488 (Monterey, WW Thoburn).

Sebastes crameri (Jordan, 1897). Darkblotched Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37537 (west of Point Sur, WN Eschmeyer); CAS-ICH 47405 (Monterey Bay, WA Laroche and S Moreland); MLMLF0661 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson).

Sebastes dallii (Eigenmann & Beeson, 1894). Calico Rockfish. Described from Monterey; obtained at San Francisco market. Museum specimens: Lectotype [CAS-SU 3893 (drawn specimen), Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in Jordan 1896]; CAS-ICH 217649 (SSE of Point Santa Cruz at Monterey Bay, RN Lea). Publications: Eigenmann and Beeson (1894) (original description); Jordan (1896) (lectotype established); Cailliet et al. (1977) (Dairy at Elkhorn Slough).

Sebastes diaconus Frable, Wagman, Frierson, Aguilar, and Sidlauskas, 2015. Deacon Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 11776 (Monterey, DS Jordan); CAS-SU 15112 (Pacific Grove, C Hubbs); UW 40703 (Monterey Bay, WI Follett). Publication: Frable et al. (2015) (new species description, non-type material examined from MBNMS, including Monterey and Pacific Grove listed above). Common name follows Frable et al. (2015).

Sebastes diploproa (Gilbert, 1890). Splitnose Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37538 (west of Point Sur, K Hakanson); CAS-ICH 39846 (off Point Pinos, PA Gregory); CAS-SU 39916 (Monterey Bay, WA Laroche).

Sebastes elongatus Ayres, 1859. Greenstriped Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 51203 (Ascension Canyon shelf and slope, S Moreland); CAS-SU 11490 (Monterey, WW Thoburn); CAS-SU 11774 (Monterey, DS Jordan).

Sebastes emphaeus (Starks, 1911). Puget Sound Rockfish. Museum specimens: Monterey Bay Aquarium live specimens (Point Pinos, J Welsh and RN Lea). Two live specimens collected west of Point Pinos (Nov 2014, 225 feet; and Nov 2015, 220 feet) and kept alive on display at Monterey Bay Aquarium (pers. comm. Joe Welsh, Monterey Bay Aquarium).

Sebastes ensifer Chen, 1971. Swordspine Rockfish. Museum specimens: Paratype (SIO 55-97, Monterey); CAS-ICH 42548 (Monterey Canyon, RN Lea); MLMLF0671 (Carmel Bay, LL Smith).

Sebastes entomelas (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Widow Rockfish. Described from deep water outside Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Syntypes [USNM 27044 (orig. 3, now 2)]; CAS-ICH 14865 (off Half Moon Bay, L Hallacher); CAS-ICH 56949 (off Lovers Point, RN Lea); CAS-SU 15102 (Pacific Grove, C Hubbs). Publication: Jordan and Gilbert (1880f) (original description).

Sebastes eos (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890). Pink Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 39847 (off Point Pinos, PA Gregory); MLMLF0673 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); SIO 07-183 (Ascension Canyon, RN Lea).

Sebastes flavidus (Ayres, 1862). Yellowtail Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 26761 (north of Bird Rock at Asilomar, WI Follett); CAS-SU 4125 (Monterey, DS Jordan); CAS-SU 11471 (Monterey, CH Gilbert).

Sebastes gilli (Eigenmann, 1891). Bronzespotted Rockfish. Publication: Phillips (1957) (Monterey).

Sebastes goodei (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890). Chilipepper. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 27358 (off Santa Cruz, RL Bolin); CAS-ICH 37521 (west of Point Sur, WN Eschmeyer); CAS-ICH 40331 (SSW of Point Piedras Blancas, WC Ruark).

Sebastes helvomaculatus Ayres, 1859. Rosethorn Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 42549 (west edge of Monterey Canyon, RN Lea); SIO 00-83 (Bixby Bridge, Monterey County, RN Lea); SIO 98-116 (Carmel Bay, RN Lea).

Sebastes hopkinsi (Cramer, 1895). Squarespot Rockfish. Described from Pacific Grove. Museum specimens: Lectotype (CAS-SU 3232, Lectotype established in Jordan 1896); Paralectotypes [CAS-SU 2282 (3, Pacific Grove); CAS-SU 3112 (Monterey Bay]; CAS-SU 4146 (Monterey, CH Gilbert). Publications: Cramer (1895) (original description); Jordan (1896) (lectotype established).

Sebastes jordani (Gilbert, 1896). Shortbelly Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25879 (Monterey Bay, WI Follett); CAS-ICH 37522 (west of Point Sur, KR Hakanson); CAS-ICH 37504 (west of Pigeon Point, T Iwamoto).

Sebastes levis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Cowcod. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37503 (west of Pigeon Point, WN Eschmeyer); CAS-ICH 79580 (Carmel Bay, D Ventresca, Hausehildt, and J Guererro); CAS-SU 11492 (Monterey, CH Gilbert); SWFSC uncatalogued (Davidson Seamount during May 2015, W Watson).

Sebastes macdonaldi (Eigenmann & Beeson, 1893). Mexican Rockfish. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 217644 (Santa Cruz, Sept 2002, identifier unknown, CDFG). Publications: Phillips (1961) (off Point Sur during 1959, El Niño); Radovich (1961) (Point Sur during 1959, El Niño). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Sebastes maliger (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Quillback Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 39857 (north of Malpaso Creek, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 51181 (off Davenport, S Moreland); CAS-SU 11497 (Monterey, WW Thoburn).

Sebastes melanops Girard, 1856. Black Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25885 (Pacific Grove, WI Follett); CAS-ICH 42368 (Soberanes Point tidepool, WA Laroche); CAS-SU 15133 (Del Monte Beach, C Hubbs). Publication: Cailliet et al. (1977) (Dairy at Elkhorn Slough).

Sebastes melanostictus (Matsubara, 1934). Blackspotted Rockfish. Publication: Orr and Hawkins (2008). Authors provide evidence to resurrect the species; distinguishing it from the more northern S. aleutianus (Rougheye Rockfish). Sebastes melanostictus (Blackspotted Rockfish) ranges from central Japan, through Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, to southern California, and collected at depths from 84 to at least 490 m. No museum specimens known from MBNMS. Because of previous confusion with species of the Rougheye Rockfish complex, museum specimens may be incorrectly identified. Because of the recent species description and geographic range of examined specimens (to the north and south of MBNMS, Orr and Hawkins 2008), we include the species on the list.

Sebastes melanostomus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890). Blackgill Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37534 (off Yankee Point, WN Eschmeyer); CAS-ICH 37539 (west of Sur Ridge, WN Eschmeyer); SIO 00-46 (Carmel Bay, RN Lea).

Sebastes miniatus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Vermilion Rockfish. Described from Monterey and Santa Barbara. Museum specimens: Syntypes [several specimens including: USNM 26965 (orig. 17, now 3), ZMB 11710 (1)]; CAS-ICH 79586 (off Piedras Blancas, RN Lea); CAS-SU 5552 (Pacific Grove, EC Starks). Publication: Jordan and Gilbert (1880b) (original description).

Sebastes mystinus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1881). Blue Rockfish. Museum specimens: Paralectotype [off Monterey, USNM 26971]; CAS-ICH 14806 (Monterey Bay, DW Behrens); CAS-ICH 25884 (Pacific Grove, WI Follett); LACM 50157.002 (north of San Simeon, BW Walker and class). Publications: Jordan and Gilbert (1881) (original description); Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge and Dairy at Elkhorn Slough); Frable et al. (2015) (re-described species, and established lectotype from San Francisco).

Sebastes nebulosus Ayres, 1854. China Rockfish. Museum specimens: SIO 65-355 (1 mile off Point Joe, HG Moser); CAS-SU 4149 (Monterey, DS Jordan); CAS-SU 11549 (Monterey, WW Thoburn).

Sebastes nigrocinctus Ayres, 1859. Tiger Rockfish. Museum specimen: SIO 91-113 (Monterey Bay, N Lai and J Butler).

Sebastes ovalis (Ayres, 1862). Speckled Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 47398 (off Point Piedras Blancas, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 54857 (off Carmel Bay, RN Lea); CAS-SU 4429 (Monterey, DS Jordan).

Sebastes paucispinis Ayres, 1854. Bocaccio. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25878 (Monterey Bay, WI Follett); CAS-ICH 40639 (SW of Soberanes Point, WA Laroche); CAS-ICH 234248 (Elkhorn Slough, DW Behrens); SWFSC uncatalogued (Davidson Seamount during May 2015, W Watson). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge and Dairy at Elkhorn Slough).

Sebastes phillipsi (Fitch, 1964). Chameleon Rockfish. Publications: Phillips (1957) (“Hybrid A,” described in Fitch 1964, Monterey during 1939); Fitch (1964) (Monterey during 1939).

Sebastes pinniger (Gill, 1864). Canary Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 10007 (Pacific Grove, WW Thoburn); CAS-SU 10015 (Monterey, WW Thoburn); CAS-SU 11469 (Monterey, CH Gilbert).

Sebastes proriger (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Redstripe Rockfish. Described from Monterey Bay and Farallones. Museum specimens: Syntypes [USNM 26980 (3), USNM 27105 (4)]; CAS-ICH 66759 (off Yankee Point, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 217645 (off Point Sur, identifier unknown). Publication: Jordan and Gilbert (1880l) (original description).

Sebastes rastrelliger (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Grass Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 40642 (Elkhorn Slough, WA Laroche); CAS-SU 11494 (Monterey, WW Thoburn); CAS-SU 15138 (Elkhorn Slough, C Hubbs). Publication: Cailliet et al. (1977) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, and Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough).

Sebastes rosaceus Girard, 1854. Rosy Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 33507 (kelp bed off Carmel River, L Hallcher); CAS-ICH 66327 (north of Bird Rock at Asilomar, WI Follett); CAS-SU 4154 (Monterey, DS Jordan).

Sebastes rosenblatti Chen, 1971. Greenblotched Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 39848 (off Point Pinos, PA Gregory); MLMLF0772 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); SIO 09-194 (Monterey Canyon, RN Lea).

Sebastes ruberrimus (Cramer, 1895). Yelloweye Rockfish. Museum specimens: SIO 01-111 (Partington Canyon, RN Lea); SIO 09-194 (Montery Canyon, P Reilly); CAS-SU 4380 (Monterey, DS Jordan).

Sebastes rubrivinctus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Flag Rockfish. Described from Monterey and Santa Barbara. Museum specimens: Syntypes [USNM 26989 (5)]; MLMLF0776 (off Davenport, D Varoujean); MLMLF0777 (off Moss Landing, GM Cailliet). Publication: Jordan and Gilbert (1880i) (original description).

Sebastes rufus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890). Bank Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 47379 (west of Point Sur, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 47394 (WNW of Pigeon Point, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 51854 (off Davenport, RN Lea).

Sebastes saxicola (Gilbert, 1890). Stripetail Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37481 (off Santa Cruz, T Iwamoto); CAS-ICH 51855 (off Monterey Coast Guard Pier, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 56273 (off Soberanes Point, W Laroche).

Sebastes semicinctus (Gilbert, 1897). Halfbanded Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 42551 (Monterey Bay, RN Lea); SIO 85-154 (off Half Moon Bay, D Gibson); SIO 85-155 (Pigeon Point, D Gibson).

Sebastes serranoides (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890). Olive Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 40657 (Elkhorn Slough, WA Laroche); CAS-ICH 42366 (Half Moon Bay, WA Laroche); CAS-ICH 56954 (Carmel Bay, RN Lea); CAS-SU 15135 (Del Monte Beach, C Hubbs).

Sebastes serriceps (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Treefish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 79585 (off Point Joe during 1980, identifier unknown); CAS-SU 11767 (Monterey during Dec 1895, DS Jordan); USNM 110781 (Monterey, DS Jordan).

Sebastes simulator Chen, 1971. Pinkrose Rockfish. Museum specimens: SIO 00-58 (Carmel Bay, RN Lea); SIO 85-73 (Point Sur, W Wakefield); SIO 96-71 (Monterey Bay, S Melton).

Sebastes umbrosus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882). Honeycomb Rockfish. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 14990 (Point Pinos during Sept 1971, RN Lea).

Sebastes wilsoni (Gilbert, 1915). Pygmy Rockfish. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (USNM 75811); Paratype (CAS-SU 22992); CAS-ICH 15052 (SW of Santa Cruz, JE Fitch); CAS-ICH 47386 (off Point Sur, RN Lea). Publication: Gilbert (1915) (original description).

Sebastes zacentrus (Gilbert, 1890). Sharpchin Rockfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 50020 (NW of Point Piedras Blancas, RN Lea); SIO 09-197 (Soquel Canyon, identifier unknown); SIO 96-71 (Monterey Bay, S Melton).

Sebastolobus alascanus Bean, 1890. Shortspine Thornyhead. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37536 (west of Yankee Point, WN Eschmeyer); CAS-ICH 236649 (off Monterey Bay, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 65811 (Monterey Canyon, TN Fast). Publication: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual record: MBARI/NOAA T428-03 (Davidson Seamount, EJ Burton, GM Cailliet, T Trejo).

Sebastolobus altivelis Gilbert, 1896. Longspine Thornyhead. Museum specimens: SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs); CAS-SU 5270 (SW of Santa Cruz, identifier unknown, US Fish Commission); CAS-SU 63869 (off Carmel, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 65816 (Monterey Canyon, TN Fast).

Family TRIGLIDAE – searobins

Prionotus stephanophrys Lockington, 1881. Lumptail Searobin. Museum specimens: KU 23710 (Monterey Bay during 1993, El Niño, M Domeier); MLMLF0818 (Monterey Bay during Aug 1999, B Banks). Publication: Lea and Rosenblatt (2000) (Monterey Bay during Oct 1998 and Aug 1999, El Niño). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family ANOPLOPOMATIDAE – sablefishes

Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas, 1814). Sablefish. Museum specimens: SIO 05-89 (off Lucia, D Kamikawa); SIO 67-108 (SW of Santa Cruz, CL Hubbs); SIO 85-154 (off Half Moon Bay, D Gibson); SIO 91-113 (Monterey Bay, N Lai and J Butler). Publication: Cox (1948) (Monterey).

Erilepis zonifer (Lockington, 1880). Skilfish. Described from Monterey. Museum specimens: Holotype (USNM 27111); CAS-ICH 27079 (SW of Point Santa Cruz, JB Phillips); CAS-ICH 39596 (SSW of Point Santa Cruz, DJ Miller and RN Lea). Publications: Lockington (1880) (original description); Phillips (1966) (SW of Point Santa Cruz); Phillips (1967) (west of Moss Landing).

Family HEXAGRAMMIDAE – greenlings

Hexagrammos decagrammus (Pallas, 1810). Kelp Greenling. Museum specimens: MLMLF0830 (0.25 miles east of Hwy 1 Bridge at Moss Landing, B Antrim); CAS-SU 4147 (Monterey, DS Jordan); CAS-SU 58375 (off Yankee Point, JC Briggs).

Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas, 1810). Rock Greenling. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 21233 (Moss Beach, J Quast); LACM 3109 (N San Simeon, B Walker); UMMZ 63675 (Point Joe, CL and LC Hubbs).

Ophiodon elongatus Girard, 1854. Lingcod. Museum specimens: MLMLF0836 (north of Sandholdt Road Bridge at Moss Landing, LT Ackerman); SIO 62-269 (off Pigeon Point, EA Best); SIO 67-108 (Monterey Bay, CL Hubbs); SIO 84-46 (off Point Sur, W Wakefield). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge and Dairy at Elkhorn Slough).

Oxylebius pictus Gill, 1862. Painted Greenling. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 19581 (Soberanes Point tidepool, RR Harry); CAS-ICH 21234 (Monterey, WI Follett); CAS-ICH 39456 (Monastery Beach, L Hallacher).

Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas, 1810). Atka Mackerel. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25733 (off Santa Cruz, identifier unknown); CAS-SU 47173 (off Monterey, RL Bolin); Publication: Bolin (1952) (outer coast of Monterey Peninsula).

Zaniolepis frenata Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889. Shortspine Combfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 40333 (SSW of Point Piedras Blancas, WC Ruark); CAS-ICH 46371 (Monterey Bay, M Hearne); USNM 148501.5223298 (west of Cambria, identifier unknown, “Albatross” Expedition).

Zaniolepis latipinnis Girard, 1858. Longspine Combfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 12497 (off Point Montara, EC Johnston); CAS-ICH 42561 (Monterey Bay, RN Lea); CAS-SU 16001 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin).

Family RHAMPHOCOTTIDAE – grunt sculpins

Rhamphocottus richardsonii Günther, 1874. Grunt Sculpin. Museum specimens: MLMLF0854 (Cannery Row, ME Anderson); SIO 00-49 (off Point San Simeon, RN Lea); SIO 01-79 (off Point Sur, RN Lea).

Family COTTIDAE – sculpins

Artedius corallinus (Hubbs, 1926). Coralline Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 39853 (off Lovers Point, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 51861 (south of Point Sur, RN Lea); CAS-SU 35364 (Point Lobos, RL Bolin).

Artedius fenestralis Jordan and Gilbert, 1883. Padded Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 21726 and CAS-ICH 21914 (off Alameda, San Francisco Bay, JD Hopkirk); SIO 07-185 (near Alcatraz, San Francisco Bay, RN Lea). Other records occur to the north of MBNMS, including CAS-ICH 27315 (Duxbury Point, HB Dietrich). Specimens south of San Francisco Bay were re-examined. Yankee Point specimen (KU 12802) re-determined as Clinocottus analis by William Leo Smith (University of Kansas, 26 Oct 2017). Diablo Canyon specimens (LACM 31700-004) re-determined as Artedius harringtoni (orbital cirrus present) by Rick Feeney (Natural History Museum Los Angeles County, Oct 2017). Southern-most records are from San Francisco Bay. We include here, because they presumably traversed MBNMS waters from the north.

Artedius harringtoni (Starks, 1896). Scalyhead Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 41715 (Natural Bridges State Park, KM Howe); MLMLF0862 (main channel Elkhorn Slough, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 40884 (Point Lobos tidepool, RL Bolin).

Artedius lateralis (Girard, 1854). Smoothhead Sculpin. Described from Monterey and San Luis Obispo. Museum specimen: Syntype (location of Monterey specimen unknown); MLMLF0864 and MLMLF0865 (Carmel Point tidepools, E Yarberry); MLMLF0866 (off Davenport, J Gates and R Banek). Publication: Girard (1854) (original description).

Artedius notospilotus Girard, 1856. Bonyhead Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 50403, 50411 (Moss Beach, D Begle); MLMLF0869 (Elkhorn Slough, B Antrim); CAS-SU 3852 (Monterey, RL Bolin).

Ascelichthys rhodorus Jordan and Gilbert, 1880. Rosylip Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 17861 (Pillar Point, MG Bradbury); CAS-ICH 20237 (Moss Beach, RR Harry); CAS-SU 49539 (Moss Beach, RF Ford).

Chitonotus pugetensis (Steindachner, 1876). Roughback Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 7360 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin); CAS-ICH 12531 (west of Montara, EC Johnston); CAS-ICH 216330 (west of Santa Cruz, JD Hopkirk); MLMLF0881 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, ME Anderson).

Clinocottus acuticeps (Gilbert, 1986). Sharpnose Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 216269 (Moss Beach, RR Harry); CAS-ICH 225290 (Half Moon Bay, DA Neely); LACM 35299.003 (Half Moon Bay, C Swift and K Howe).

Clinocottus analis (Girard, 1858). Wooly Sculpin. Described from Monterey. Museum specimens: Syntypes (FMNH 210, USNM 486); CAS-ICH 7371 (Point Lobos, RL Bolin); CAS-ICH 11964 (Moss Beach, RR Harry); CAS-ICH 32984 (north of San Simeon Beach, WN Eschmeyer and SG Poss). Publication: Girard (1858b) (original description).

Clinocottus embryum (Jordan & Starks, 1895). Calico Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 78466 (Pigeon Point, D Catania); CAS-SU 35394 (Point Lobos, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 58467 (south of Yankee Point, JC Briggs).

Clinocottus globiceps (Girard, 1858). Mosshead Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25280 (Moss Beach, WI Follett and L Dempster); CAS-ICH 216419 (Soberanes Point, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 58415 (south of Yankee Point, JC Briggs).

Clinocottus recalvus (Greeley, 1899). Bald Sculpin. Described from Pacific Grove. Museum specimens: Holotype (CAS-SU 6068); CAS-ICH 25279 (Moss Beach, WI Follett and L Dempster); CAS-ICH 216412 (Soberanes Point, AO Flechsig); CAS-SU 16013 (Point Lobos, RL Bolin). Publication: Greeley (1899) (original description).

Enophrys bison (Girard, 1854). Buffalo Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37545 (Moss Beach, RF Ford); MLMLF0903 (Hwy 1 Bridge at Elkhorn Slough, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 35329 (Del Monte Beach pier, RL Bolin).

Enophrys taurina Gilbert, 1914. Bull Sculpin. Described from Monterey Bay, near Pacific Grove. Museum specimens: Holotype (USNM 75064); CAS-ICH 66760 (off Otter Point to Lovers Point, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 232701 (Monterey Bay, TN Fast). Publication: Gilbert (1914) (original description).

Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus (Tilesius, 1811). Red Irish Lord. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 35284 (Mussel Point, RL Bolin); SIO 72-86 (north of Point San Simeon, R Rosenblatt); UMMZ 63379 (Carmel Bay, CL Hubbs and LC Hubbs).

Hemilepidotus spinosus Ayres, 1854. Brown Irish Lord. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 18855 (Moss Beach, RR Harry); CAS-ICH 28471 (Carmel Bay, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 36410 (Monterey, JE McCosker).

Icelinus burchami Evermann and Goldsborough, 1907. Dusky Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 234831 (off Point Sur, RL Bolin and PL Budd); SIO 01-117 (Carmel Canyon, P Reilly); SIO 99-80 (Monterey Bay, P Reilly and J Spratt).

Icelinus cavifrons Gilbert, 1890. Pit-head Sculpin. Museum specimens: LACM 52245.014 (off of San Simeon Point, E Hobson et al.); LACM 52277.008 and CAS-SU 64410 (Monterey Bay, TN Fast).

Icelinus filamentosus Gilbert, 1890. Threadfin Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37505 (off Davenport, WN Eschmeyer); CAS-ICH 37518 (west of Point Sur, KR Hakanson); CAS-ICH 42547 (off Cypress Point, RN Lea); CAS-SU 23070 (Point Lobos, RL Bolin).

Icelinus fimbriatus Gilbert, 1890. Fringed Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 16145 (off Point Pinos, identifier unknown); CAS-SU 40922 (Monterey Bay, A Peden); CAS-SU 58419 (Monterey Bay, JC Briggs).

Icelinus oculatus Gilbert, 1890. Frogmouth Sculpin. Museum specimens: SIO 97-126 (off Cypress Point, J Field); SIO 99-41 (off Point Sur, RN Lea); SIO 99-81 (Monterey Bay, RN Lea).

Icelinus quadriseriatus Lockington, 1880. Yellowchin Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 7364 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin); CAS-ICH 12780 (off Point Montara, identifier unknown, US Fish Commission); CAS-SU 40925 (off Santa Cruz, RL Bolin).

Icelinus tenuis Gilbert, 1890. Spotfin Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37520 (west of Point Sur, KR Hakanson); CAS-SU 21348 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 58456 (Monterey Bay, JC Briggs).

Jordania zonope Starks, 1895. Longfin Sculpin. Museum specimens: LACM 52248.018 (Jade Cove, E Hobson); SIO 72-86 (north of Point San Simeon, R Rosenblatt); CAS-SU 35331 (off Asilomar, RL Bolin).

Leptocottus armatus Girard, 1854. Pacific Staghorn Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 48200 (Monterey Bay, S Richardson); CAS-SU 15028 (upper Elkhorn Slough, CL Hubbs); CAS-SU 47497 (Elkhorn Slough, WC Freihofer). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Elkhorn Slough).

Oligocottus maculosus Girard, 1856. Tidepool Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 18832 (Moss Beach: RR Harry); CAS-ICH 25276 (Moss Beach, WI Follett and L Dempster); CAS-SU 4244 (Pacific Grove, identifier unknown).

Oligocottus rimensis (Greeley, 1899). Saddleback Sculpin. Described from Point Lobos. Museum specimens: Holotype (CAS-SU 6067); CAS-ICH 47384 (Carmel kelp bed, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 48465 (Pigeon Point tidepools, D Catania); CAS-ICH 212726 (Soberanes Point tidepool, RR Harry). Publication: Greeley (1899) (original description).

Oligocottus rubellio (Greeley, 1899). Rosy Sculpin. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (CAS-SU 6066); CAS-ICH 212628 (Soberanes Point, S Weitzman); CAS-SU 35342 (Point Lobos, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 40944 (Pescadero Point, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 48926 (north of San Simeon, M Bradbury). Publication: Greeley (1899) (original description).

Oligocottus snyderi Greeley, 1898. Fluffy Sculpin. Described from Pacific Grove. Museum specimens: Lectotype (CAS-SU 5846, Lectotype apparently established by Greeley 1899); Paralectotypes [CAS-SU 5847 (5)]; CAS-ICH 7361 (Point Lobos, RL Bolin); CAS-ICH 18628 (Moss Beach, RR Harry); CAS-ICH 27637 (Natural Bridges State Park, B Wesemann). Publications: Greeley in Jordan and Evermann (1898) (type specimen); Greeley (1899) (lectotype established).

Orthonopias triacis Starks and Mann, 1911. Snubnose Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 15793 (Carmel Bay, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 51862 (south of Point Sur, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 56947 (off Lovers Point, RN Lea). Publication: Gilbert (1914) (Monterey Bay).

Radulinus asprellus Gilbert, 1890. Slim Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37496 (off Half Moon Bay, T Iwamoto); SIO 60-430 (south of San Simeon Point, W Dahlstrom); SIO 98-113 (Monterey Bay, RN Lea).

Radulinus boleoides Gilbert, 1898. Darter Sculpin. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 40889 (SW of Soberanes Point, RN Lea); MLMLF0951 (Soberanes Point, B Antrim).

Ruscarius creaseri (Hubbs, 1926). Roughcheek Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 30460 (Monterey Breakwater, ME Anderson); LACM 52248.005 (Jade Cove, ES Hobson); SIO 72-86 (off San Simeon Point, R Rosenblatt).

Scorpaenichthys marmoratus (Ayres, 1854). Cabezon. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 7365 (Elkhorn Slough, Bolin); CAS-ICH 11037 (Moss Beach, BW Halstead); CAS-ICH 32990 (north of San Simeon Beach State Park, WN Eschmeyer and SG Poss). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, and Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough).

Synchirus gilli Bean, 1890. Manacled Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 47391 (Carmel kelp bed, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 216550 (Carmel Bay kelp canopy, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 15521 (Monterey, RL Bolin).

Zesticelus profundorum (Gilbert, 1896). Flabby Sculpin. Museum specimens: MLMLF0967 (Monterey Bay, identifier unknown); SIO 85-69 (off Point Sur, W Wakefield); CAS-SU 25277 (off Point Pinos, RL Bolin, “Albatross” collection). Publication: Gilbert (1915) (Monterey, “Albatross” collection).

Family HEMITRIPTERIDAE – searavens

Blepsias cirrhosus (Pallas, 1814). Silverspotted Sculpin. Museum specimens: LACM 47917.001 (San Simeon, BW Walker, AO Flechsig, AB Rechnitzer); SIO 50-193A (San Simeon Bay, F Taylor and AA Allanson); SIO 73-220 (Point Piedras Blancas, R Rosenblatt).

Nautichthys oculofasciatus (Girard, 1858). Sailfin Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25890 and CAS-ICH 31066 (Pacific Grove, WI Follett); LACM 7939 (off San Simeon, B Walker); LACM 52248.025 (Jade Cove, ES Hobson).

Family AGONIDAE – poachers

Agonomalus mozinoi Wilimovsky and Wilson, 1979. Kelp Poacher. Museum specimens: Paratype (CAS-ICH 40716, Monastery Beach); CAS-ICH 64652 (off Cannery Row, Monterey, ME Anderson); SIO 09-291 (Carmel Bay, RN Lea). Publication: Wilimovsky and Wilson (1979) (original description). Recognized by some researchers as Hypsagonus mozinoi. We follow Sheiko and Mecklenburg (2004), and current usage in "Catalog of Fishes" (Eschmeyer et al. 2017), with placement in Agonomalus.

Agonopsis sterletus (Gilbert, 1898). Southern Spearnose Poacher. Museum specimen: UCLA W 66-67 (San Simeon Point, identifier unknown; specimen pending accession at SIO, out on loan to Russia at time of manuscript preparation). Another specimen (SIO 94-123) collected from nearby Morro Bay; therefore, locality is probable.

Agonopsis vulsa (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Northern Spearnose Poacher. Museum specimens: MLMLF0975 (off Waddell Creek, GE Kukowski); MLMLF0976 (Monterey Bay, D Varoujean); CAS-SU 63622 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson).

Bathyagonus pentacanthus (Gilbert, 1890). Bigeye Poacher. Museum specimens: SIO 91-115 (Monterey Bay, N Lai and J Butler); CAS-SU 16708 (off Point Sur, H Freeman); CAS-SU 64401 (off Pescadero Point, RL Bolin).

Bothragonus swanii (Steindachner, 1876). Rockhead. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 16152 (Pacific Grove, L Dempster); CAS-ICH 23946 (Carmel Bay, MG Bradbury); LACM 52245.006 (NW of San Simeon Point, E Hobson).

Chesnonia verrucosa (Lockington, 1880). Warty Poacher. Museum specimens: UCLA W 59-135 (4.5 miles west of Point Montara, identifier unknown; specimen pending accession at SIO, pers. comm. HJ Walker, Oct 2017); USNM 48731.5269927 (off Muir Beach, identifier unknown, “Albatross” Expedition).

Odontopyxis trispinosa Lockington, 1880. Pygmy Poacher. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 12347 (off Point Montara Light, EC Johnston); CAS-ICH 18651 (Pacific Grove, RR Harry); SIO 50-193A (San Simeon Bay, F Taylor and AA Allanson, SIO).

Stellerina xyosterna (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Pricklebreast Poacher. Described from Santa Cruz beach at Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype [USNM (not found)]; other material [USNM 27173 and USNM 27395 (Soquel during 1880, DS Jordan)]; CAS-ICH 216557 (San Simeon Bay, AO Flechsig); MLMLF0995 (off Pajaro River at Monterey Bay, GE Kukowski). Publication: Jordan and Gilbert (1880g) (original description).

Xeneretmus latifrons (Gilbert, 1890). Blacktip Poacher. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37497 (SSW of Half Moon Bay, T Iwamoto); LACM 30233.002 (off Cypress Point, W Dahlstrom); CAS-SU 3650 (west of Santa Cruz, H Freeman).

Xeneretmus leiops Gilbert, 1915. Smootheye Poacher. Museum specimens: SIO 19-119 (Monterey Bay, RN Lea); SIO 97-122 (Carmel Bay, J Spratt and K Schlining); SIO 99-41 (off Point Sur, P Reilly, J Spratt and RN Lea).

Xeneretmus triacanthus (Gilbert, 1890). Bluespotted Poacher. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 14270 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin); SIO 60-430 (off San Simeon Point, W Wakefield); CAS-SU 69025 (Santa Cruz, A Peden).

Family PSYCHROLUTIDAE – fathead sculpins

Psychrolutes phrictus Stein and Bond, 1878. Blob Sculpin. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 40740 (Santa Cruz, B Antrim); MLMLF0971 (off Santa Cruz, B. Antrim). Publications: Burton and Lundsten (2008), and Lundsten et al. (2009) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual records: MBARI/NOAA T951-01 (Davidson Seamount: EJ Burton and L Lundsten).

Family LIPARIDAE – snailfishes

Bathyphasma ovigerum Gilbert, 1896. Abyssal Snailfish. Publication and Visual record: Stein et al. (2006) (Monterey Canyon). Previously recognized as Careproctus ovigerus. We follow naming convention of Balushkin (2012), and current usage in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2017). Common name follows Mecklenburg et al. (2002).

Careproctus filamentosus Stein, 1978. snailfish. Publication and Visual record: Stein et al. 2006 (Monterey Canyon). No official common name.

Careproctus gilberti Burke, 1912. Smalldisk Snailfish. Museum specimen and Publication: CAS-ICH 29948 (Monterey Bay, Anderson et al. 1979).

Careproctus kamikawai Orr, 2012. Arbiter Snailfish. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimen: Holotype [USNM 400885 (ex. UW 150324)]. Visual records: MBARI/NOAA T425-08, MBARI/NOAA T425-09 and MBARI/NOAA T425-10 (Davidson Seamount, L Kuhnz). Publication: Orr (2012) (original description). Common name follows Orr (2012).

Careproctus longifilis Garman, 1892. Threadfin Snailfish. Museum specimen and Publication: MBARI 2000321-HFSS11 (Monterey Canyon, Stein et al. 2006).

Careproctus melanurus Gilbert, 1892. Blacktail Snailfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 55146 (west of Pigeon Point, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 55399 (off Point Sur, ME Anderson); SIO 97-127 (Carmel Canyon, J Field); SIO 99-81 (Monterey Bay, RN Lea). Publication and Visual record: Stein et al. (2006) (Monterey Canyon).

Elassodiscus caudatus (Gilbert, 1915). Humpback Snailfish. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (USNM 75815); CAS-ICH 29947 (Monterey Bay, E Anderson). Publications: Gilbert (1915) (original description); Anderson et al. (1979) (Monterey Bay, CAS-ICH 29947).

Liparis florae (Jordan & Starks, 1895). Tidepool Snailfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 11649 (Moss Beach, RR Harry); CAS-ICH 19877 (Soberanes Point tidepool, RR Harry); CAS-ICH 47388 (Carmel kelp bed, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 30765 (north of San Simeon, AO Flechsig).

Liparis fucensis Gilbert, 1896. Slipskin Snailfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 45980 (Monterey, RL Bolin); LACM 7904 (off San Simeon, B Walker); LACM 52248.02 (Jade Cove, E Hobson).

Liparis mucosus Ayres, 1855. Slimy Snailfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 15044 (Pigeon Point, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 59630 (Carmel Bay, RN Lea); SIO 67-298 (off Piedras Blancas Lighthouse, D Wilkie and CJ Farwell); SIO 87-99 (Soberanes Point, RN Lea).

Liparis pulchellus Ayres, 1855. Showy Snailfish. Museum specimen: MLMLF1022 (off Waddell Creek, GE Kukowski); CAS-SU 16021 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin).

Lipariscus nanus Gilbert, 1915. Pygmy Snailfish. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (USNM 75817); Paratypes [CAS-SU 22993 (off Santa Cruz Lighthouse), CAS-SU 229994 (off Point Pinos Lighthouse)]; MLMLF1024 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson). Publication: Gilbert (1915) (original description).

Nectoliparis pelagicus Gilbert and Burke, 1912. Tadpole Snailfish. Museum specimens: MBARI V3-13-90 (Monterey Canyon, Stein et al. 2006); CAS-SU 63860 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 63904 (Monterey Bay, TN Fast). Publications: Gilbert (1915) (Monterey Bay); Stein et al. (2006) (Monterey Canyon, MBARI V3-13-90).

Osteodiscus cascadiae Stein, 1978. Bonydisk Snailfish. Museum specimen and Publication: MBARI 2001276-HFSS6 (Monterey Canyon, Stein et al. 2006). Common name follows Love et al. (2005).

Paraliparis albescens Gilbert, 1915. Phantom Snailfish. Described from off Point Pinos. Museum specimens: Holotype (USNM 75816); CAS-ICH 29950 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 35952 (Monterey Canyon, ME Anderson); MLMLF1030 (Monterey Canyon, ME Anderson). Publications: Gilbert (1915) (original description); Anderson et al. (1979) (Monterey Bay/Canyon, CAS-ICH 29950, CAS-ICH 35952, and MLMLF1030).

Paraliparis cephalus Gilbert, 1892. Swellhead Snailfish. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 5232 (SW of Santa Cruz, identifier unknown, US Fish Commission); CAS-SU 5254 (west of Point Año Nuevo, identifier unknown, US Fish Commission).

Paraliparis dactylosus Gilbert, 1896. Polydactyl Snailfish. Described from “off Santa Cruz” (station 3112, west of Point Año Nuevo). Museum specimens: Lectotype (USNM 48616, Lectotype established by Burke 1930); Paralectotypes [CAS-SU 3024 (1, west of Point Año Nuevo), USNM 53032 (1, west of Point Año Nuevo)]; MBARI 2002130-HFSS10 (Soquel Canyon; Stein et al. 2006). Publications: Gilbert (1896) (original description); Burke (1930); Stein et al. (2006) (Soquel Canyon, MBARI 2002130-HFSS10). Common name follows Mecklenburg et al. (2002).

Paraliparis deani Burke, 1912. Prickly Snailfish. Museum specimen: CAS-SU 22963 (Point Pinos, identifier unknown, US Fish Commission). Publication: Gilbert (1915) (Monterey Bay, US Fish Commission).

Paraliparis mento Gilbert, 1892. Bulldog Snailfish. Museum specimen: CAS-SU 22995 (Point Pinos, identifier unknown, US Fish Commission). Publication: Gilbert (1915) (Monterey Bay, US Fish Commission).

Paraliparis pectoralis Stein, 1978. Pectoral Snailfish. Museum specimen: SIO 92-92 (off Monterey Bay, R Dotson, NMFS). Common name follows Mecklenburg et al. (2002).

Paraliparis rosaceus Gilbert, 1890. Rosy Snailfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 31496 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 34960 (off Davenport, BS Antrim); MLMLF1034 (Ascension Canyon, ME Anderson).

Paraliparis ulochir Gilbert, 1896. Broadfin Snailfish. Museum specimen: CAS-SU 23000 (Point Pinos, identifier unknown, US Fish Commission).

Rhinoliparis attenuatus Burke, 1912. Slim Snailfish. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 22960 and CAS-SU 22969 (off Point Pinos Lighthouse, identifier unknown, US Fish Commission). Publication: Gilbert (1915) (Monterey Bay, US Fish Commission).

Rhinoliparis barbulifer Gilbert, 1896. Longnose Snailfish. Museum specimens: MBARI 2002130-HFSS8 (Soquel Canyon, Stein et al. 2006); SIO 06-15 (east of Sur Ridge, KA Moots). Publication: Stein et al. (2006) (Soquel Canyon, MBARI 2002130-HFSS8).

Order Perciformes

Family MORONIDAE – temperate basses

Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1791). Striped Bass. Museum specimens: MLMLF1038 (Moss Landing Harbor mouth, LT Ackerman); SIO 54-76 (San Simeon Bay, A Rechnitzer); USNM 84567 (Monterey Bay, identifier unknown, “Albatross” Expedition). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough). Introduced from New Jersey into San Francisco Bay (1879 and 1882, Stevens and Kohlhorst 2001).

Family POLYPRIONIDAE – wreckfishes

Stereolepis gigas Ayres, 1859. Giant Sea Bass. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 58785 (Monterey Bay during Jul 1986, RN Lea); MLMLF1039 (Monterey Bay during Aug 1978, El Niño, D Bedford). Publications: Phillips (1930b) (off Pacific Grove during 1930, El Niño); Phillips (1954) (off Pacific Grove during 1953). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family EPINEPHELIDAE – groupers

Hyporthodus niphobles (Gilbert & Starks, 1897). Star-studded Grouper. Museum specimens: LACM 38417.001 (off Point Piedras Blancas during Sept 1975, D Burge); SIO 95-24 (west of Hurricane Point during Nov 1994, RN Lea). Additional specimen captured west of Bixby Bridge during Oct 1992 and examined by RN Lea; providence unknown. This is a southern species that can move northward during warm-water events. Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Mycteroperca xenarcha Jordan, 1888. Broomtail Grouper. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 58469 (Monterey Bay, RN Lea).

Family SERRANIDAE – sea basses and groupers

Paralabrax clathratus (Girard, 1854). Kelp Bass. Museum specimens: MLMLF1049 (Cannery Row kelp beds during Nov 1973, El Niño, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 5556 (Pacific Grove, EC Starks, date unknown); USNM 110287 (Monterey, DS Jordan, date unknown, skull). Publications: Miller and Gotshall (1965) (Princeton west jetty during Sept 1960, after the warm water period, 1957-1959, small individuals appeared in skiff catch throughout Monterey Bay, larger fish landed from Santa Cruz to Monterey); Smith and Gotshall (1967) (Half Moon Bay during 1959). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (Steindachner, 1868). Spotted Sand Bass. Listed with reservation; possibly an historic record and/or occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño). Publications: Boulenger (1895); Miller and Gotshall (1965); Miller and Lea (1972).

Miller and Lea (1972) reported the northern limit at Monterey and noted a record from San Francisco in the late 1800s. The 1800s record references Boulenger (1895, British Museum) who described the distribution of P. maculatofasciatus as “Coast of California and Mexico, from San Francisco to Mazatlan.” Boulenger (1895) listed three young specimens from San Francisco. However, no specimen currently exists at the British Natural History Museum (BMNH, Mar 2017) as indicated in 1895 publication. We assume these three young specimens were originally misidentified and subsequently removed from the collection. In addition, Jordan and Evermann (1896a, b) did not recognize the San Francisco record, and considered San Pedro as the northern limit (as did Jordan and Gilbert 1882, and Jordan and Eigenmann 1890).

The northern limit at Monterey, noted by Miller and Lea (1972), was likely in reference to Miller and Gotshall (1965) who suggested a range extension for P. maculatofasciatus per a sportfish party boat capture in Monterey during Feb 1963 (El Niño occurred during 1957-1959). The specimen was confirmed by Dan Miller (California Department of Fish and Game biologist), but not accessioned in a museum.

Paralabrax nebulifer (Girard, 1854). Barred Sand Bass. Described from Monterey. Museum specimens: Syntypes [USNM 282 (2)]. Publication: Girard (1854) (original description).

Family PRIACANTHIDAE – bigeyes

Pristigenys serrula (Gilbert, 1891). Popeye Catalufa. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 52604 (off Point San Pedro, San Mateo County during 1983, El Niño, identifier unknown); CAS-ICH 54924 (off Davenport during 1983, El Niño, W Starnes). Publication: Starnes (1988) (Monterey Bay during 1983, El Niño). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family MALACANTHIDAE – tilefishes

Caulolatilus princeps (Jenyns, 1840). Ocean Whitefish. Publications: Miller and Gotshall (1965); Miller and Lea (1972). Typically occurs in warmer water; however, can move north during El Niño years. During 1957-1961, Miller and Gotshall (1965) reported Ocean Whitefish catches as far north as San Francisco. Miller and Lea (1972) list the species as occurring as far north as Vancouver Island, British Columbia; common in southern California, rare north of Monterey. Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family CORYPHAENIDAE – dolphinfishes

Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758. Dolphinfish. Publication: Monterey County Herald (1997) (off Point Pinos). Fishermen caught two specimens off Point Pinos during 1997 El Niño; RN Lea confirmed catch (Monterey County Herald, 2 Sept 1997). Typically occurs in warmer water; however, can move north during El Niño years. Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family ECHENEIDAE – remoras

Remora australis (Bennett, 1840). Whalesucker. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 26766 (off Santa Cruz, identifier unknown).

Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758). Remora. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37868 (Monterey Bay, C Woodhill); SIO 93-197 (Monterey Bay, identifier unknown); UMMZ 64123 (off Santa Cruz, identifier unknown).

Family CARANGIDAE – jacks

Caranx caballus Günther, 1868. Green Jack. Museum specimen and Publication: CAS-ICH 54926 (Sea Cliff State Beach, Aptos during 1983, El Niño, Lea and Walker 1995). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Decapterus muroadsi (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844). Amberstripe Scad. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 58626 (Pacific Grove, WF Smith-Vaniz); CAS-SU 68836 (Monterey Bay, JR Rainey). Publication: Frey (1962) (Monterey Bay, CAS-SU 58626).

Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758). Pilotfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 54922 (3 miles south of Cape San Martin, RN Lea); CAS-SU 15483 (Mussel Point, Monterey, H Miller).

Seriola dorsalis (Gill, 1863). Yellowtail Jack. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 37523 (Monterey during 1976, WN Eschmeyer). Previously recognized as Seriola lalandi. We follow naming convention of Martinez-Takeshita et al. (2015), and current usage in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2017).

Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855). Jack Mackerel. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 7559 (Santa Cruz, B Halstead); CAS-ICH 66526 (Elkhorn Slough, DT Anderson); CAS-SU 48289 (Monterey Beach at Municipal Wharf, FH Berry); CAS-SU 58448 (Elkhorn Slough, JC Briggs). Publication: Fitch (1949) (Davidson Seamount).

Family BRAMIDAE – pomfrets

Brama japonica Hilgendorf, 1878. Pacific Pomfret. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 39597 (Sea Cliff State Beach, Aptos, RN Lea).

Pteraclis aesticola (Jordan & Snyder, 1901). Pacific Fanfish. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 64200 (Sur Canyon during Aug 1987, RN Lea).

Family CARISTIIDAE – manefishes

Caristius macropus (Bellotti, 1903). Bigmouth Manefish. Museum specimen: SIO 98-117 (Canyon off Davenport during 1998, RN Lea).

Family HAEMULIDAE – grunts

Haemulon californiensis (Steindachner, 1876). Salema. Museum specimens: UW 3172 (4, San Francisco Bay region during 1932, C. Wade). Publication: Phillips (1936) (southern Monterey Bay, 1935). During Mar 2017, RN Lea examined 4 museum specimens and new x-rays (UW 3172), and confirmed identifications. This is a southern species that can move northward during warm-water events. Categorized as historic and occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family POLYNEMIDAE – threadfins

Polydactylus approximans (Lay & Bennett, 1839). Blue Bobo. Museum specimen: CAS-SU 35305 (Monterey Bay during 1941, warm-water event, RL Bolin). Publications: Follett (1948) (Monterey during Jan 1941, CAS-SU 35305); Lea and Rosenblatt (2000) (references Follett 1948 and museum specimen). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family SCIAENIDAE – drums and croakers

Atractoscion nobilis (Ayres, 1860). White Seabass. Publication: Radovich (1961) (Monterey during 1958 and 1959, El Niño). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres, 1855). White Croaker. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 19866 (Pacific Grove, DA Simpson); CAS-ICH 66670 (Monterey Bay, MG Bradbury); MLMLF1086 (near Sandholdt Road Bridge at Moss Landing, LT Ackerman). Publication: Phillips (1936) (southern Monterey Bay).

Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard, 1854). California Corbina. Listed with reservation; possibly an historic record and/or occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño). Publication: Starks (1919). In a review of the croakers (Sciaenidae) of California, Starks (1919) noted “This fish is rather common on sandy shores of southern California and is known southward into the Gulf of California, while individuals are sometimes taken as far northward as San Francisco.” Stark’s information may be based on CAS-SU 21232, from San Francisco, collected by Charles H. Gilbert. No date is listed, but it was likely taken in the late 1800s to early 1900s based on catalog number. We know of one recent record from north of Point Conception, a 474 mm TL fish caught off Morro Rock in Jan 1986 (CAS-ICH 58470); south of MBNMS. During warm-water events, occurrence of this species needs to be verified off the sandy beaches of central California.

Seriphus politus Ayres, 1860. Queenfish. Museum specimens: ANSP 11543 (San Francisco before 1880, identifier unknown, US Fish Commission); MLMLF1092 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, E Yarberry); CAS-SU 4153 (San Francisco Market, DS Jordan). Publications: Ayres (1860b) (San Francisco); Phillips (1932a) (Monterey Bay during 1931, El Niño); Skogsberg (1939) (Monterey Bay); Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Kirby Park and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough). Occurs in the coastal waters of the Northeast Pacific (Miller and Lea 1972). We include the San Francisco specimens here, because they presumably traversed MBNMS waters.

Family KYPHOSIDAE – sea chubs

Girella nigricans (Ayres, 1860). Opaleye. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 66680 (cove SE of Pigeon Point, identifier unknown, 1963); CAS-ICH 76622 (Mussel Point, Pacific Grove, C Limbaugh, Mead, and Patterson); CAS-SU 12083 (Pacific Grove, EC Starks). Publications: Limbaugh (1955) (Pacific Grove); Norris (1963) (Monterey).

Hermosilla azurea Jenkins and Evermann, 1889. Zebraperch. Publication: Phillips (1965a) (Monterey). Visual record: SIMoN (2018) (Monterey Harbor during Apr 2012, C King). Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, recent publications propose a taxonomic revision of the family Kyphosidae, including a name change from Hermosilla azurea to Kyphosus azureus (Knudsen and Clements 2013, 2016). We do not adopt the name change here and await further widespread acceptance of this proposed revision.

Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825). Blue-bronze Chub. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 56945 (Monterey Bay, Coast Guard Breakwater during 1984, El Niño, RN Lea, as Kyphosus analogus). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño). Knudsen and Clements (2013) determined Kyphosus analogus (Gill, 1862) a junior synonym of K. vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825).

Medialuna californiensis (Steindachner, 1876). Halfmoon. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 11871 (Monterey Bay during Sept 1896, SM Duarte); CAS-SU 35303 (vicinity of Half Moon Bay during Sept 1941, warm water year, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 35304 (off Point Sur, RL Bolin, date unknown). Publication: Radovich (1961) (Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf during 1958, El Niño). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family PENTACEROTIDAE – armorheads

Pseudopentaceros wheeleri (Hardy, 1983). North Pacific Armorhead. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 26759 (off Pigeon Point during 1960, WI Follett, as Pentaceros richardsoni); LACM 45682.001 (north of Piedras Blancas during 1991, moderate El Niño, identifier unknown, as Pentaceros pectoralis). North Pacific species is Pseudopentaceros wheeleri and includes records of Pentaceros richardsoni and Pseudopentaceros pectoralis (Humphreys et al. 1989, Love et al. 2005).

Family OPLEGNATHIDAE – knifejaws

Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844). Barred Knifejaw. Publication and Visual records: Ta et al. (2018) (southern Monterey Bay). Ta et al. (2018) reported the first records of the Western Pacific Ocean Barred Knifejaw in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, including at least two individual knifejaws at multiple sites in southern Monterey Bay between Dec 2014 and Sept 2015 (Del Monte Beach, San Carlos Beach, McAbee Pinnacle, and South Breakwater wall off Monterey Harbor entrance). These observations, along with others in Oregon and Washington, were spatially and temporally correlated with the arrival of Japanese tsunami marine debris. Additional observations by lead author Ta, of the assumedly lone fish, occurred between Oct and Dec 2018 (Monterey Herald, 10 Dec 2018). The Barred Knifejaw is native to Japan, Korea, and China in warm-temperate to tropical seas. These specimens observed from central California to Washington are unlikely to reproduce due to warmer temperature requirements; however, they can continue to grow in cold water. Transported with tsunami debris from the Western Pacific Ocean. Common name follows Ta et al. (2018).

Family EMBIOTOCIDAE – surfperches

Amphistichus argenteus Agassiz, 1854. Barred Surfperch. Museum specimens: MLMLF1108 (Moss Landing Beach, D Varoujean); CAS-SU 33423 (Waddell Creek, WI Follett); CAS-SU 58374 (Carmel Beach, JC Briggs).

Amphistichus koelzi (Hubbs, 1933). Calico Surfperch. Museum specimens: MLMLF1110 (Marina Beach at Monterey Bay, D Varoujean); CAS-SU 5364 (San Simeon Bay, identified by “Gsm” likely George S. Myers, US Fish Commission); CAS-SU 34296 (Half Moon Bay, WI Follett).

Amphistichus rhodoterus (Agassiz, 1854). Redtail Surfperch. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 26972 (Muir Beach, Marin County, WI Follett); CAS-ICH (Sunset State Beach, K Oda, specimen pending accession at CAS, RN Lea, May 2018); MLMLF1111 (south jetty at Moss Landing, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 34289 (Half Moon Bay, WI Follett).

Brachyistius frenatus Gill, 1862. Kelp Perch. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 2191 (Stillwater Cove, identifier unknown); MLMLF1113 (off Sandholdt Pier at Moss Landing at Monterey Bay, L Talent); CAS-SU 58412 (Hopkins Marine Station, JC Briggs).

Cymatogaster aggregata Gibbons, 1854. Shiner Perch. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25476 (San Simeon, CL Hubbs, LC Hubbs, WI Follett et al.); CAS-SU 49531 (Moss Beach, RF Ford); CAS-SU 51276 (Elkhorn Slough, D Cohen). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Elkhorn Slough).

Embiotoca caryi Agassiz, 1853. Rainbow Seaperch. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 18204 (Elkhorn Slough, M Morten); CAS-ICH 25426 (Santa Cruz Wharf, WI Follett); CAS-SU 58379 (Hopkins Marine Station, JC Briggs). Previously recognized as Hypsurus caryi (Agassiz, 1853). We follow naming convention of Longo et al. (2018).

Embiotoca jacksoni Agassiz, 1853. Black Perch. Museum specimens: MLMLF1117 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, E Yarberry); CAS-SU 22477 (Pacific Grove, John O. Snyder); CAS-SU 47496 (Elkhorn Slough, WC Freihofer). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, and Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough).

Embiotoca lateralis Agassiz, 1854. Striped Seaperch. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 16783 (Martin's Beach, south Half Moon Bay, GS Myers); CAS-SU 25783 (Moss Beach, WI Follett); CAS-SU 58427 (south of Carmel, JC Briggs).

Hyperprosopon argenteum Gibbons, 1854. Walleye Surfperch. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 58388 (Carmel Beach, JC Briggs); CAS-SU 58389 (Hopkins Marine Station, JC Briggs); CAS-SU 58447 (Elkhorn Slough, JC Briggs). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, Kirby Park, and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough).

Hyperprosopon ellipticum (Gibbons, 1854). Silver Surfperch. Museum specimens: MLMLF1123 (off Skipper’s dock at Elkhorn Slough, B Antrim); CAS-SU 34294 (Half Moon Bay, WI Follett); CAS-SU 58386 (Carmel Beach, JC Briggs).

Hypocritichthys analis (Agassiz, 1861). Spotfin Surfperch. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25471 (San Simeon, CL Hubbs, LC Hunns, WI Follett et al.); CAS-ICH 27641 (Natural Bridges State Park, Santa Cruz, RR Rofen et al.); CAS-SU 34299 (Princeton Pier at Half Moon Bay, WI Follett). Previously recognized as Hyperprosopon anale Agassiz, 1861. We follow naming convention of Longo et al. (2018).

Micrometrus aurora (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Reef Perch. Described from Monterey Bay; obtained from San Francisco market. Museum specimens: Syntypes [numerous specimens, including: ANSP 9272 (1), USNM 26996 (16)]; CAS-ICH 27642 (Natural Bridges State Park, Santa Cruz, RR Rofen et al.); CAS-ICH 212354 (Carmel Beach, BW Walker, A Flechsig); CAS-SU 48890 (east of Point Piedras Blancas, M Bradbury). Publication: Jordan and Gilbert (1880j) (original description).

Micrometrus minimus (Gibbons, 1854). Dwarf Perch. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 15995 (Monterey Bay, K Stanton); CAS-SU 19316 (Elkhorn Slough, D Cohen); CAS-SU 58411 (Hopkins Marine Station, JC Briggs). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge and Dairy at Elkhorn Slough).

Phanerodon atripes (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Sharpnose Seaperch. Described from Monterey Bay and Santa Cruz; obtained from San Francisco market. Museum specimens: Syntypes [numerous specimens, including: ANSP 9203 (1), USNM 26987 (orig. 80, now 7)]; CAS-ICH 51865 (Big Sur, RN Lea). Publications: Jordan and Gilbert (1880k) (original description); Lea (1972) (Monterey area).

Phanerodon furcatus Girard, 1854. White Seaperch. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 20377 (San Simeon, CL Hubbs, LC Hubbs, WI Follett et al.); CAS-ICH 25427 (Santa Cruz, WI Follett); CAS-SU 51269 (Elkhorn Slough, WC Freihofer). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, and Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough).

Phanerodon vacca (Girard, 1855). Pile Perch. Museum specimens: LACM 4370 (Moss Beach, BW Halstead); LACM 8252 (San Simeon Point, BW Walker); CAS-SU 58393 (Carmel Beach, JC Briggs); UMMZ 142380 (Elkhorn Slough, R Bolin and CL Hubbs). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, and Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough). Previously recognized as Damalichthys vacca Girard, 1855. We follow naming convention of Longo et al. (2018).

Rhacochilus toxotes Agassiz, 1854. Rubberlip Seaperch. Museum specimens: LACM 52230.008 (off San Simeon Point, JE Bleck); MLMLF1136 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, B Antrim); CAS-SU 12034 (Pacific Grove, EC Starks). Publication: Yoklavich et al (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge and Dairy at Elkhorn Slough).

Zalembius rosaceus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Pink Seaperch. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37178 (off Santa Cruz, T Iwamoto); CAS-ICH 37530 (west of Point Año Nuevo, KR Hakanson); CAS-SU 19135 (Monterey Bay, D Cohen).

Family POMACENTRIDAE – damselfishes

Chromis punctipinnis (Cooper, 1863). Blacksmith. Museum specimens: MLMLF1148 (Monastery Beach during Nov 1970, E Starks); CAS-SU 15997 (Monterey Bay during 1937, RL Bolin). Publications: Starks (1919) (Monterey Bay during 1918); Phillips (1961) (Carmel Bay during 1959, El Niño); Radovich (1961) (Monterey Bay during 1959, El Niño). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Hypsypops rubicundus (Girard 1854). Garibaldi. Described from Monterey. Museum specimens: Syntypes [MCZ 14825 (1, San Diego), USNM 484 (2, San Diego)]. Publications: Girard (1854) (original description); Girard (1858a) (2 adults from “Monterey, Cal.”, refers to type specimens). Original description (and Girard 1858a) states “From Monterey, Cal.”; however, only specimens from San Diego apparently exist (USNM 484). Observations are extremely rare in MBNMS; no other museum specimens are known. During Jun 2016 and Feb 2017, a single juvenile Garibaldi was observed in Monterey Bay Aquarium’s (MBA) outdoor Great Tide Pool (MBA video imagery, pers. comm. Andrew Morgan, MBA Dive Officer/Exhibit Dive Coordinator). We cannot rule out the possibility the Garibaldi specimen was released from the aquarium kelp tank by way of the filtration system (i.e., as larvae). We categorize the listing here as Historic, and possibly occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family LABRIDAE – wrasses

Oxyjulis californica Günther, 1861. Señorita. Described from Monterey. Museum specimens: Syntypes [USNM 706-707 (2,1)]; LACM 4922 (San Simeon, ES Hobson); MLMLF1164 (off Skipper’s Dock at Elkhorn Slough, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 3895 (Pacific Grove, JO Snyder); CAS-SU 4156 (Monterey, CH Gilbert). Publication: Günther (1861) (original description).

Semicossyphus pulcher (Ayres, 1854). California Sheephead. Museum specimen: USNM 110755 (Monterey, DS Jordan, date unknown). Publications: Phillips (1932a) (Monterey Bay during 1931, El Niño); Radovich (1961) (Point Pinos during 1958, El Niño). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family BATHYMASTERIDAE – ronquils

Rathbunella alleni Gilbert, 1904. Stripefin Ronquil. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (CAS-SU 8415); Paratype [CAS-SU 8416 (Monterey Bay)]; CAS-ICH 57636 (Monterey Bay, AC Matarese); CAS-SU 23016 (Pacific Grove, AC Matarese). Publications: Gilbert (1904) (original description); Stevenson and Matarese (2005) (Monterey Bay and other).

Ronquilus jordani (Gilbert, 1889). Northern Ronquil. Museum specimens: MLMLF1169 (Monterey Bay, G McDonald); OS 7632 (off Monterey Bay, J Cobb); CAS-SU 36071 (Monterey Bay, J Waler and RL Bolin).

Family ZOARCIDAE – eelpouts

Bothrocara brunneum (Bean, 1890). Twoline Eelpout. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25990 (off Pescadero Point, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 47395 (Monterey Canyon, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 55411 (off Point Sur, ME Anderson). Publication: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual records: MBARI/NOAA T427-02, MBARI/NOAA D943-07, and MBARI/NOAA T946-05 (Davidson Seamount, EJ Burton, L Kuhnz, and L Lundsten).

Bothrocara molle Bean, 1890. Soft Eelpout. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 60291 (west of Point Año Nuevo, ME Anderson); UW 46821 (east of Sur Ridge, RC Harrison); UW 113723 (Smooth Ridge at Monterey Bay, JR Hoff).

Eucryphycus californicus (Starks & Mann, 1911). Persimmon Eelpout. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 17623 (Monterey Canyon, GM Cailliet and RN Lea); CAS-ICH 38671 (Monterey Bay, RG Kliever). Publication: Cailliet and Lea (1977) (Monterey Bay).

Lycenchelys callista Anderson, 1995. eelpout. Described from off Point Sur. Museum specimens: Holotype (CAS-ICH 55412); Paratypes [CAS-ICH 55062 (2, off Point Sur, ME Anderson), CAS-ICH 80630 (29, off Point Sur, ME Anderson); SIO 84-249 (21, off Point Sur), SIO 85-51 (22, off Point Sur)]. Publication: Anderson (1995) (original description). No official common name.

Lycenchelys camchatica (Gilbert & Burke, 1912). Kamchatka Eelpout. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 31495 (Monterey Canyon, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 55406 and CAS-ICH 56234 (off Point Sur, ME Anderson). Publication: Anderson et al. (1979) (Monterey Canyon, CAS-ICH 31495).

Lycenchelys crotalinus (Gilbert, 1890). Snakehead Eelpout. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 55063 and CAS-ICH 55407 (off Point Sur, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 57467 (Monterey Canyon, ME Anderson). Previously recognized as Embryx crotalinus. We follow Anderson (1995), Anderson and Fedorov (2004), and current usage in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2017); with placement in Lycenchelys.

Lycenchelys jordani (Evermann & Goldsborough, 1907). Shortjaw Eelpout. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 78979 (Point Sur, ME Anderson).

Lycenchelys micropora Andriashev, 1955. Manytoothed Eelpout. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 234380 (off Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); UW 40727 (off Point Sur, W Wakefield and ME Anderson). Common name follows Mecklenburg et al. (2002).

Lycenchelys monstrosa Anderson, 1982. eelpout. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 233977 (off Monterey Bay, ME Anderson). No official common name.

Lycodapus dermatinus Gilbert, 1896. Looseskin Eelpout. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 31493 (Monterey Canyon, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 55403 (off Point Sur, ME Anderson); MLMLF1187 (off Point Sur, ME Anderson).

Lycodapus fierasfer Gilbert, 1890. Blackmouth Eelpout. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 35989 (Monterey Canyon, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 58480 (SW of Point Sur, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 88443 (Monterey Bay, G Cailliet). Publication: Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual record: MBARI/NOAA T426-05 (Davidson Seamount, L Kuhnz).

Lycodapus mandibularis Gilbert, 1915. Pallid Eelpout. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (USNM 75823); Paratypes [CAS-SU 22990 (1, Monterey Bay), CAS-SU 25765 (5, now 4, Monterey Bay); USNM 149514 (2, Monterey Bay)]. Publications: Gilbert (1915) (original description); Burton and Lundsten (2008) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual record: MBARI/NOAA T946-01 (Davidson Seamount, L Lundsten).

Lycodapus pachysoma Peden and Anderson, 1981. Stout Eelpout. Museum specimen: UW 47335 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, J Hoff). Common name follows Mecklenburg et al. (2002).

Lycodapus psarostomatus Peden and Anderson, 1981. Specklemouth Eelpout. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 58902 (Point Pinos, ME Anderson). Common name follows Mecklenburg et al. (2002).

Lycodes cortezianus (Gilbert, 1890). Bigfin Eelpout. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37485 (west of Santa Cruz, T Iwamoto); CAS-ICH 39892 (west of Point Lobos, WC Ruark); MLMLF1171 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson).

Lycodes diapterus Gilbert, 1892. Black Eelpout. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 29299 and CAS-ICH 29945 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 37489 (Santa Cruz, T Iwamoto).

Lycodes pacificus (Collett, 1879). Blackbelly Eelpout. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 28873 and CAS-ICH 30881 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); USNM 227179 (Monterey, ME Anderson).

Lyconema barbatum Gilbert, 1896. Bearded Eelpout. Described from outside Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Lectotype (USNM 48582, Lectotype established in Jordan and Evermann 1900, and traced to USNM 48582 by Springer and Anderson 1997); Paralectotypes including [CAS-SU 3627 (1), CAS-SU 69673 (4), USNM 53036 (1)]. Publications: Gilbert (1896) (original description); Jordan and Everman (1900) (lectotype established); Springer and Anderson (1997).

Melanostigma pammelas Gilbert, 1896. Midwater Eelpout. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (USNM 53034, missing); Paratypes [USNM 48599 (nearly disintegrated), USNM 53034, CAS-SU 4000]; MLMLF1212 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson). Publications: Gilbert (1896) (original description); Gilbert (1915) (Monterey Bay).

Pachycara bulbiceps (Garman, 1899). Snubnose Eelpout. Publications: Anderson and Peden (1988) (off Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, to the Gulf of Panama, North Pacific, at depths of 2,601 to 4,000 m); Burton and Lundsten (2008), and Lundsten et al. (2009) (Davidson Seamount, based on imagery). Visual records: MBARI/NOAA D947-05 (Davidson Seamount, Jacobson Stout et al. 2017); MBARI D990-02 and MBARI D438-05 (Monterey Canyon, Jacobson Stout et al. 2017). Common name follows Mecklenburg et al. (2002).

Pachycara karenae Anderson, 2012. eelpout. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (CAS-ICH 233971); Paratypes (CAS-ICH 233972, USNM 405384). Publication: Anderson (2012) (original description). No official common name.

Family STICHAEIDAE – pricklebacks

Anoplarchus purpurescens Gill, 1861. High Cockscomb. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 7507 (Moss Beach, RR Harry); CAS-ICH 25196 (Carmel Bay, WI Follett); CAS-ICH 232759 (Point Lobos, RL Bolin); CAS-ICH 32985 (north of San Simeon Beach, WN Eschmeyer and SG Poss).

Cebidichthys violaceus (Girard, 1854). Monkeyface Prickleback. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 18297 (Moss Beach, CL Hubbs); CAS-ICH 18662 (Pacific Grove, RR Harry); CAS-ICH 33004 (north of San Simeon, WN Eschmeyer and SG Poss); CAS-SU 47498 (Elkhorn Slough, WC Freihoffer).

Chirolophis nugator (Jordan & Williams, 1895). Mosshead Warbonnet. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 25893 (Pacific Grove, WI Follett); LACM 6608.005 (off San Simeon, ES Hobson); LACM 52248.012 (Jade Cove, ES Hobson); CAS-SU 64363 (Point Lobos tidepool, RL Bolin).

Ernogrammus walkeri Follett and Powell, 1988. Masked Prickleback. Described from west of San Simeon Point. Museum specimens: Holotype (CAS-ICH 56198); numerous Paratypes including [CAS-ICH 27156 (Monterey), CAS-ICH 48094 (off Pacific Grove), CAS-ICH 57410 (US Coast Guard breakwater, Monterey), CAS-ICH 57635 (Monterey Bay), SIO 72-86 (north of San Simeon Point)]. Publication: Follett and Powell (1988) (original description).

Esselenichthys carli (Follett & Anderson, 1990). Threeline Prickleback. Described from Santa Barbara (holotype), Monterey, and south to Baja California. Museum specimens: Paratype (CAS-ICH 25892); SIO 53-193 (Pacific Grove, WI Follett). Publication: Follett and Anderson (1990) (original publication).

Kasatkia seigeli Posner and Lavenberg, 1999. Sixspot Prickleback. Museum specimen: SIO 03-92 (off Pacific Grove at Monterey Bay, RN Lea).

Phytichthys chirus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Ribbon Prickleback. Described from Point Pinos, Pacific Grove. Museum specimens: Lectotype (USNM 27175, Lectotype selected by Springer and Anderson 1997); Paralectotypes [USNM 200384 (1), 336453 (2)]; CAS-SU 48291 (Soberanes Point, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 48301 (Soberanes Point, WC Freihofer). Publications: Jordan and Gilbert (1880e) (original description); Springer and Anderson (1997).

Plagiogrammus hopkinsii Bean, 1894. Crisscross Prickleback. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (USNM 44721); CAS-ICH 54642 (Pescadero Point, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 21199 (Pacific Grove, JO Snyder); CAS-SU 35302 (Point Lobos, RL Bolin and WE Ripley). Publication: Bean (1894) (original description).

Plectobranchus evides Gilbert, 1890. Bluebarred Prickleback. Museum specimen and Publication: USNM 77460 (off Point Pinos, “Albatross” Explorations on the California Coast during 1904, Gilbert 1915).

Xiphister atropurpureus (Kittlitz, 1858). Black Prickleback. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 14266 (between Yankee and Soberanes Points, RL Bolin and Marr); CAS-SU 16037 (Monterey Bay tidepool, A Calhoun); CAS-SU 58371 (south of Yankee Point, JC Briggs).

Xiphister mucosus (Girard, 1858). Rock Prickleback. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 18705 (Carmel Bay, RR Harry); CAS-ICH 18842 (Moss Beach, RR Harry); CAS-SU 16038 (Monterey Bay tidepool, A Calhoun); CAS-SU 48902 (east of Point Piedras Blancas, M Bradbury).

Family PHOLIDAE – gunnels

Apodichthys flavidus Girard, 1854. Penpoint Gunnel. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 11948 (Moss Beach, RR Harry); CAS-ICH 25894 (Pacific Grove, WI Follett); MLMLF1240 (off Skipper’s Dock at Elkhorn Slough, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 47505 (Monterey, WC Freihofer); CAS-SU 58470 (Carmel Beach, JC Briggs).

Apodichthys fucorum . Jordan and Gilbert, 1880. Rockweed Gunnel. Described from Point Pinos. Museum specimens: Lectotype (USNM 26994, Lectotype selected by Springer and Anderson 1997); numerous Paralectotypes including [ANSP 10501 (Monterey); USNM 335151 (Monterey, 37)]; CAS-ICH 18693 (Moss Beach, RR Harry); CAS-ICH 26108 (Pacific Grove, WI Follett); CAS-ICH 47390 (Carmel kelp bed, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 32995 (north of San Simeon, WN Eschmeyer and SG Poss). Publication: Jordan and Gilbert (1880e) (original description).

Pholis clemensi Rosenblatt, 1964. Longfin Gunnel. Publication and Visual record: (Point Lobos, Pillar Point, Kline et al. 2013).

Pholis ornata (Girard, 1854). Saddleback Gunnel. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 20238 and CAS-ICH 20239 (Moss Beach tidepool, identifier unknown); CAS-SU 63688 (Carmel Beach, RL Bolin).

Pholis schultzi Schultz, 1931. Red Gunnel. Museum specimens: LACM 6608.006 (off San Simeon Point, ES Hobson); LACM 7942 (off San Simeon Point, B Walker); SIO 72-86 (north of San Simeon Point, R Rosenblatt).

Ulvicola sanctaerosae Gilbert and Starks, 1897. Kelp Gunnel. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 14989 (Pacific Grove, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 39860 (Carmel Bay, RN Lea); UCM 6639 (Half Moon Bay, TP Maslin).

Family ANARHICHADIDAE – wolffishes

Anarrhichthys ocellatus Ayres, 1855. Wolf-eel. Museum specimens: ANSP 25047 (Pacific Grove, H Heath); CAS-ICH 31229 (Monterey Bay, WC Freihofer); CAS-SU 12610 (Pacific Grove, EC Starks).

Family ZAPRORIDAE – prowfishes

Zaprora silenus Jordan, 1896. Prowfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 30693 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson and GM Cailliet); CAS-ICH 47403 (between Bixby Creek and Carmel Bay, RN Lea); MLMLF1254 (Monterey Bay, GM Cailliet and ME Anderson). Publication: Cailliet and Anderson (1975) (Monterey Bay, CAS-ICH 30693).

Family SCYTALINIDAE – graveldivers

Scytalina cerdale Jordan and Gilbert, 1880. Graveldiver. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 52435 (Moss Beach, D Catania); CAS-SU 58431 (south of Carmel, JC Briggs); UMMZ 36955 (Point Lobos, CL Hubbs).

Family CHIASMODONTIDAE – swallowers

Chiasmodon niger Johnson, 1864. Black Swallower. Museum specimens: UW 48697 (outside MBNMS, west of Ragged Point during Oct 1999, RN Clark, NMFS, 1034 m, included here due to proximity); UW 48713 (west of Carmel during Oct 1999, RN Clark, NMFS, 1084 m). Publication: Lauth (2000) (UW specimens). Visual records: MBARI D241-06 and MBARI D0451-07 (Monterey Canyon, Jacobson Stout et al. 2017). Previously recognized as Chiasmodon subniger Garman, 1899. We follow naming convention of Prokofiev and Kukuev (2009), and Prokofiev (2014) where Chiasmodon subniger Garman, 1899 is considered a synonym of Chiasmodon niger Johnson, 1864.

Kali indica Lloyd, 1909. Pacific Sandfish. Museum specimen: UW 48679 (west of Carmel during Oct 1999, D Kamikawa, 1146 m).

Family TRICHODONTIDAE – sandfishes

Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius, 1813). Pacific Sandfish. Publication: Ayres 1860a. Trichodon lineatus Ayres 1860 is considered a synonym of Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius 1813). The type description of Trichodon lineatus by Ayres (1860) was based on one specimen from a “market in San Francisco.” The holotype is presumably lost (Eschmeyer et al. 2017). The capture location is unknown; however, in 1860 captures were probably fairly close to San Francisco, and sold within 1 day of capture. Specimen likely occurred in, or traversed, MBNMS boundary. No other records found within MBNMS. Categorized as Historic.

Family AMMODYTIDAE – sand lances

Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas, 1814. Pacific Sand Lance. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 14284 (Rodeo Beach, Marin County, L Dempster); MLMLF1288 (Elkhorn Slough main channel between jetties, ME Anderson); MLMLF1290 (Monterey Bay, M Stevenson).

Family URANOSCOPIDAE – stargazers

Kathetostoma averruncus Jordan and Bollman, 1890. Smooth Stargazer. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 56960 (Monterey Bay during 1984, GM Cailliet); CAS-ICH 57637 (Monterey Bay during 1985, RN Lea); LACM 32181.001 (off Point Piedras Blancas during 1960, L Pinkas); MLMLF1293 (off Soquel Point at Monterey Bay during 1984, GM Cailliet). Typically a southern species, museum specimens collected shortly after warm water events (i.e., 1983-1984, 1957-1959). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family BLENNIIDAE – combtooth blennies

Hypsoblennius gentilis (Girard, 1854). Bay Blenny. Described from Monterey. Museum specimens: Holotype (USNM 489); CAS-ICH 13710 (Monterey Breakwater during 1970, CL Hubbs); CAS-ICH 243620 (Elkhorn Slough during 2016, G Longo); SIO 93-189 (Elkhorn Slough during 1993, RN Lea). Publication: Girard (1854) (original description).

Hypsoblennius gilberti (Jordan, 1882). Rockpool Blenny. Museum specimen: LACM 38727.001 (Carmel Bay during 1976, RN Lea).

Hypsoblennius jenkinsi (Jordan & Evermann, 1896). Mussel Blenny. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 56607 (Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf during 1985, G. McDonald, examined by RN Lea); CAS-ICH 242460 (Monterey Commercial Wharf during 2016, El Niño, G Longo). Publication: Nelson (1986) (Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf during 1985, CAS-ICH 56607). Typically a southern species, museum specimens collected shortly after warm water events (i.e., 1983-1984). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family CLINIDAE – kelp blennies

Gibbonsia elegans (Cooper, 1864). Spotted Kelpfish. Museum specimens: ANSP 16302 (Pacific Grove during 1897, El Niño, H Heath); CAS-ICH 2190 (Pebble Beach, Monterey County during 1928, RR Harry); LACM 9950.038 (San Simeon during 1963, BW Walker). Typically a southern species, south of Point Piedras Blancas (Miller and Lea 1972). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Gibbonsia metzi Hubbs, 1927. Striped Kelpfish. Described from Pacific Grove. Museum specimens: Holotype (UMMZ 55004); CAS-ICH 7554 (Monterey, RR Harry); CAS-ICH 27644 (Natural Bridges State Park, E Byron); CAS-ICH 232453 (Soberanes Point, RN Lea); CAS-SU 15488 (Elkhorn Slough, CL Hubbs and RL Bolin). Publication: Hubbs (1927) (original description).

Gibbonsia montereyensis Hubbs, 1927. Crevice Kelpfish. Described from Pacific Grove. Museum specimens: Holotype (UMMZ 55003); CAS-ICH 25194 (Carmel Bay, WI Follett); CAS-ICH 37922 (NW of San Simeon, W Boyd); CAS-SU 48898 (1.75 miles east of Point Piedras Blancas, M Bradbury). Publication: Hubbs (1927) (original description).

Heterostichus rostratus Girard, 1854. Giant Kelpfish. Museum specimens: MLMLF1307 (east of Hwy 1 Bridge at Elkhorn Slough, B Antrim); CAS-SU 5555 (Pacific Grove, EC Starks); CAS-SU 15136 (Del Monte Beach, Monterey, CL Hubbs).

Family CHAENOPSIDAE – tube blennies

Neoclinus blanchardi Girard, 1858. Sarcastic Fringehead. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 42556 (Carmel Bay, D Gotshall); MLMLF1314 (Elkhorn Slough between jetties, R Helm); CAS-SU 2288 (Pacific Grove, C Hubbs); CAS-SU 19183 (Monterey Bay, D Cohen and WC Freihofer).

Neoclinus stephensae Hubbs, 1953. Yellowfin Fringehead. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 14403 (Monterey Harbor during 1964, DC Powell). Visual record: SIMoN (2018) (Monterey Harbor during Mar 2007 and 2010, El Niños, SI Lonhart). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Neoclinus uninotatus Hubbs, 1953. Onespot Fringehead. Museum specimens: Paratypes [Pacific Grove: CAS-ICH 7414, CAS-SU 2285, CAS-SU 23022]; CAS-ICH 26298 (Monterey, WI Follett). Publications: Hubbs (1953) (original description); Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge at Elkhorn Slough).

Family ICOSTEIDAE – ragfishes

Icosteus aenigmaticus Lockington, 1880. Ragfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 47399 (Monterey Bay, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 53094 (Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf during 1948, WI Follett); LACM 32682.001 (San Simeon Bay during 1972, identifier unknown); CAS-SU 58300 (off Point Sur during 1961, JB Phillips). Publications: Snyder (1913) (Pacific Grove); Thompson (1921b) (Monterey).

Family GOBIESOCIDAE – clingfishes

Gobiesox maeandricus (Girard, 1858). Northern Clingfish. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 1681 (Monterey, EC Starks); CAS-SU 15212 (Pacific Grove tidepool, JC Briggs); CAS-SU 58434 (south of Carmel, JC Briggs).

Rimicola muscarum (Meek & Pierson, 1895). Kelp Clingfish. Described from Monterey Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (CAS-SU 3030); Paratype [USNM 48875 (1, Monterey Bay)]; MLMLF0540 (Carmel Point tidepools, GE Kukowski); MLMLF0542 (Monterey Bay drift kelp, ME Anderson). Publication: Meek and Pierson (1895) (original description).

Family GOBIIDAE – gobies

Acanthogobius flavimanus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845). Yellowfin Goby. Museum specimens: MLMLF1328 (Elkhorn Slough, D Varoujean); MLMLF1329 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, D Varoujean); SIO 10-96 (Elkhorn Slough, RN Lea). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (station location from Barry 1983, Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough). Species “inadvertently introduced from the Orient” (Miller and Lea 1972).

Clevelandia ios (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882). Arrow Goby. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 19629 (Elkhorn Slough, CL Hubbs, RL Bolin et al.); CAS-SU 15029 (Elkhorn Slough, C Hubbs); CAS-SU 58450 (Elkhorn Slough, JC Briggs). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough).

Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper, 1864. Longjaw Mudsucker. Museum specimens: MLMLF1340 (near yacht club at Elkhorn Slough, E Yarberry); MLMLF1341 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, LT Ackerman); MLMLF1342 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, B Stewart). Publications: Cailliet et al. (1977) (larvae at Elkhorn Slough); Yoklavich et al. (1991) (station location from Barry 1983, Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough).

Lepidogobius lepidus (Girard, 1858). Bay Goby. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 56232 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson); MLMLF1344 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, GE Kukowski). Publications: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, and Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough).

Lethops connectens Hubbs, 1926. Halfblind Goby. Described from Carmel Bay. Museum specimens: Holotype (UMMZ 63281); Paratypes [UMMZ 63282 (2)]; LACM 52277.01 (west of San Simeon Point, ES Hobson, J Bleck, T Chess, L Richards, J Kastendiek, A Harrington, J Morin). Publication: Hubbs (1926) (original description).

Lythrypnus dalli (Gilbert, 1890). Bluebanded Goby. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 54911 (Monterey Coast Guard Breakwater during 1983, warm-water event, RN Lea). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Lythrypnus zebra (Gilbert, 1890). Zebra Goby. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 31994 (Monastery Beach during 1975, ME Anderson).

Rhinogobiops nicholsii (Bean, 1882). Blackeye Goby. Museum specimens: MLMLF1350 (Monterey Breakwater, ME Anderson); MLMLF1352 (Elkhorn Slough, ME Anderson); CAS-SU 15116 (south of Malpaso Creek, C Hubbs).

Typhlogobius californiensis Steindachner, 1879. Blind Goby. Museum specimen: UCLA W 62-92 (cove north of San Simeon Point, identifier unknown, specimen pending accession at SIO, pers. comm. HJ Walker, Oct 2017).

Family LUVARIDAE – louvars

Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque, 1810. Louvar. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 13245 (Santa Cruz during Sept 1945, WM Chapman); CAS-SU 14224 (Monterey Bay during Nov 1939, RL Bolin).

Family SPHYRAENIDAE – barracudas

Sphyraena argentea Girard, 1854. Pacific Barracuda. Museum specimen: USNM 109985 (Monterey, DS Jordan, date unknown). Publications: Phillips (1932a) (Monterey Bay during 1931, El Niño); Radovich (1961) (Monterey during 1958, El Niño). Common south of Morro Bay (Miller and Lea 1972). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family GEMPYLIDAE – snake mackerels

Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco, 1833. Oilfish. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 54919 (40 miles west of Monterey during 1983, J Hardwick). Typically occurs in warmer water; however, can move north during El Niño years. Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family TRICHIURIDAE – cutlassfishes

Aphanopus intermedius Parin, 1983. Intermediate Scabbardfish. Museum specimens (previously recognized as A. carbo): CAS-ICH 40254 (west of Pigeon Point, B Antrim and ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 42570 (off Pigeon Point, RN Lea); CAS-ICH 57643 (west of Santa Cruz, RN Lea). Common name follows Love et al. (2005).

Benthodesmus pacificus Parin and Becker, 1970. North Pacific Frostfish. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 30692 (Moss Landing during 1968, ME Anderson).

Lepidopus fitchi Rosenblatt and Wilson, 1987. Pacific Scabbardfish. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 67930 (off Montara during 1962, identifier unknown).

Family SCOMBRIDAE – mackerels

Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810). Bullet Mackerel. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 56944 (between Half Moon Bay and San Francisco Bay during 1984, El Niño, RN Lea). Eastern Pacific population of A. rochei has been described as a subspecies (Auxis rochei eudorax Collette and Aadland, 1996), including record within MBNMS (CAS-ICH 56944). Typically occurs in warmer seas; however, can move north during El Niño years. Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758). Skipjack Tuna. Publications: Radovich (1961) (off Davidson Seamount); Lea (1997) (off Lopez Point). Found off Davidson Seamount (distance not specified) during 1957 El Niño (Radovich 1961). School observed surface feeding on Pacific sardine off Lopez Point on 25 Oct 1997; four captured (El Niño, Lea 1997). Typically occurs in warmer seas; however, can move north during El Niño years. Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño). There are no museum specimens collected within MBNMS; however, large fish are less commonly stored in museums.

Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier, 1832). Pacific Bonito. Publications: Phillips (1932a) (Monterey Bay during 1931, El Niño); Fast (1957) (Monterey Bay during 1956, warm-water event); Radovich (1961) (Monterey during 1959, El Niño). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782. Pacific Chub Mackerel. Museum specimen: UMMZ 176337 (Pacific Grove, 1959, El Niño, RM Bailey). Publications: Phillips (1932a) (Monterey Bay during 1931 El Nino); Phillips (1937) (near Pacific Grove). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington 1879). Gulf Sierra. Described from San Francisco Market, and “probably taken…in Monterey Bay.” Museum specimens: Holotype (CAS-ICH lost specimen in 1906); USNM 27205 (Soquel, DS Jordan, date unknown). Publications: Lockington (1879) (original description); Phillips (1932b) (Monterey during 1931, El Niño). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788). Albacore. Museum specimen: USNM 270550 (San Simeon during 1941, identifier unknown). Publications: Andrews (1927) (off Point Sur during Sept 1925 and fall 1926, El Niño); Phillips (1931a) (SW of Point Pinos during 1930, El Niño); Phillips (1932a) (south of Monterey Bay during 1931, El Niño); Fitch (1949) (Davidson Seamount); Fast (1957) (Monterey Bay area during Sept 1956, warm-water event); Radovich (1961) (Monterey during 1931, El Niño); CDFW (2017) [Sport Fishing Record (Santa Cruz during 1997, El Niño)]. Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788). Yellowfin Tuna. Publication: Fast (1957) (Monterey Bay during 1956, warm-water event). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño). There are no catalogued records collected within MBNMS; however, large fish are less commonly stored in museums.

Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839). Bigeye Tuna. Publication: Radovich (1961). Published range is Peru to Iron Springs, Washington; considered rare off California (Miller and Lea 1972). Considered a tropical species but occurs north during warm-water events. Radovich (1961) noted movement north during 1959 El Niño (off Cape Mendocino, CA and Iron Springs, WA). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño). There are no catalogued records collected within MBNMS; however, large fish are less commonly stored in museums.

Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844). Pacific Bluefin Tuna. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 213885 (as synonym Thunnus thynnus; between Point Pinos and Point Joe during 1958, El Niño, WI Follett). Publications: Fast (1957) (Monterey Bay during 1956, warm-water event); Radovich (1961) (Monterey during 1957, El Niño). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family XIPHIIDAE – swordfishes

Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758. Swordfish. Publication: Radovich (1961) (Monterey and Davidson Seamount area during 1957, El Niño). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño). There are no catalogued records collected within MBNMS; however, large fish are less commonly stored in museums.

Family ISTIOPHORIDAE – billfishes

Kajikia audax (Philippi, 1887). Striped Marlin. Publication: Hill and Haight (1985) (32 km SW of Santa Cruz during 1983, El Niño, examined by RN Lea). Hill and Haight (1985) reported a striped marlin capture 32 km southwest of Santa Cruz by sport fisherman on 5 Sept 1983 (during an extensive El Niño event, specimen examined and identified by RN Lea). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño). There are no catalogued records collected within MBNMS; however, large fish are less commonly stored in museums.

Family CENTROLOPHIDAE – medusafishes

Icichthys lockingtoni Jordan and Gilbert, 1880. Medusafish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37491 (Santa Cruz, T Iwamoto); CAS-ICH 218179 (Monterey Canyon, EH Ahlstrom); CAS-ICH 218182 (Pacific Grove, WI Follett); SWFSC uncatalogued (Davidson Seamount during May 2015, RN Lea and EJ Burton).

Family TETRAGONURIDAE – squaretails

Tetragonurus cuvieri Risso, 1810. Smalleye Squaretail. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 14272 (SW of Santa Cruz during 1959, El Niño, identifier unknown); LACM 9888.001 (off Big Sur during Oct 1967, K Mais, California Department of Fish and Game). Publications: Fitch (1949, 1951) (Davidson Seamount during 1948); Radovich (1961) (Monterey Bay during 1959, El Niño). Usually occurs in deep water, well offshore (Miller and Lea 1972). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family STROMATEIDAE – butterfishes

Peprilus simillimus (Ayres, 1860). Pacific Pompano. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 79889 (Monterey Bay, Freihofer); MLMLF1387 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, E Yarberry); MLMLF1388 (Moss Landing Harbor, E Yarberry); UMMZ 63402 (Monterey Bay, WL Scofield).

Order Pleuronectiformes

Family PARALICHTHYIDAE – sand flounders

Citharichthys sordidus (Girard, 1854). Pacific Sanddab. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 238635 (Monterey Bay, RR Rofen); CAS-SU 23735 (Santa Cruz, D Villadolid); SWFSC uncatalogued (Davidson Seamount during May 2015, W Watson); UAM 730 (Elkhorn Slough, identifier unknown).

Citharichthys stigmaeus Jordan and Gilbert, 1882. Speckled Sanddab. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 26296 (Monterey, WI Follett); MLMLF1397 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, LT Ackerman); CAS-SU 23688 (Pacific Grove, D Villadolid); SWFSC uncatalogued (Davidson Seamount during May 2015, W Watson). Publications: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge and Dairy at Elkhorn Slough); Brown (2006) (Elkhorn Slough).

Citharichthys xanthostigma Gilbert, 1890. Longfin Sanddab. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 228405 (Monterey Bay, R Bolin); NCSM 80806 (34, Monterey Bay, FJ Schwartz). Publication: Phillips (1967) (SSW of Point Santa Cruz).

Hippoglossina stomata Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890. Bigmouth Sole. Museum specimen: SIO 05-88 (Lucia Canyon, D Kamikawa). Publication: Phillips (1965b) (off Salinas River at Monterey Bay).

Paralichthys californicus (Ayres, 1859). California Halibut. Museum specimens: MLMLF1404 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, E Yarberry); MLMLF1405 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, LT Ackerman); CAS-SU 12176 (Pacific Grove, EC Starks). Publications: Phillips (1945) (off Moss Landing); Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Kirby Park, and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough).

Xystreurys liolepis Jordan and Gilbert, 1880. Fantail Sole. Museum specimen: MLMLF1406 (Monterey Bay during 1987, J Brennan); Publication: Phillips (1963) (off Salinas River at Monterey Bay during Jul 1962).

Family PLEURONECTIDAE – righteye flounders

Atheresthes evermanni Jordan and Starks, 1904. Kamchatka Flounder. Museum specimen and Publication: SIO 96-72 (off Davenport, Lea 2013).

Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Arrowtooth Flounder. Museum specimen: CAS-ICH 26232 (off Half Moon Bay during 1957, identifier unknown).

Clidoderma asperrimum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). Roughscale Sole. Museum specimen: SIO 95-23 (west of Half Moon Bay, RN Lea). Common name follows Lea et al. (1989).

Embassichthys bathybius (Gilbert, 1890). Deepsea Sole. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 5617 (off Point Sur, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 15075 (off Montara, identifier unknown); CAS-ICH 34349 (Monterey Canyon, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 42565 (off Cypress Point, RN Lea).

Eopsetta jordani (Lockington, 1879). Petrale Sole. Museum specimens: ANSP 16325 (Pacific Grove, Harold Heath); CAS-ICH 45961 (Point Montara, E Johnston and F Sumner, US Fish Commission); USNM 77420 (off Santa Cruz Lighthouse, identifier unknown, “Albatross” Explorations on the California Coast, 1904).

Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington, 1879. Rex Sole. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 48187 (Monterey Bay, S Richardson); CAS-ICH 233952 (off Point Pinos, CL Hubbs); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs).

Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan and Gilbert, 1880. Flathead Sole. Museum specimens: MLMLF1420 (Monterey Bay, T Dimitre); SIO 11-32 (Monterey Bay, HC McWilliams, NMFS). Publication: Allen and Smith (1988) (survey data indicate southern boundary at Monterey).

Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt, 1904. Pacific Halibut. Publications: Starks (1919) (Monterey Bay); Phillips (1935) (Monterey); Phillips (1958) (4 miles south of Point Piedras Blancas during Sept 1957, a warm-water year).

Isopsetta isolepis (Lockington, 1880). Butter Sole. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 27646 (Natural Bridges State Park, B Wesemann); CAS-ICH 39768 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin).

Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres, 1855). Rock Sole. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 40341 (NW of Point Pinos, T Iwamoto); MLMLF1422 (off Waddell Creek, E Yarberry); CAS-SU 3606 (off Point Piedras Blancas, identifier unknown, US Fish Commission). Publication: Gilbert (1915) (Monterey Bay).

Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). Slender Sole. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 16043 and CAS-SU 16044 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 23698 (Monterey Bay, D Villadolid). Publication: Gilbert (1915) (Monterey Bay).

Microstomus pacificus (Lockington, 1879). Dover Sole. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 37533 (west of Point Año Nuevo, WN Eschmeyer); SIO 67-102 (within Davidson Seamount Management Zone, CL Hubbs, 35 mm); CAS-SU 18680 (off Monterey Bay, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 25653 (Santa Cruz, EC Starks).

Parophrys vetulus Girard, 1854. English Sole. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 26233 (off Point Montara, identifier unknown); CAS-SU 16047 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 58452 (Elkhorn Slough, JC Briggs). Publications: Gilbert (1915) (Monterey Bay); Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, Kirby Park, and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough); Brown (2006) (Elkhorn Slough).

Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1787). Starry Flounder. Museum specimens: CAS-SU 12166 (Pacific Grove, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 16428 (Monterey Bay, RL Bolin); CAS-SU 34279 (Elkhorn Slough, WI Follett). Publication: Yoklavich et al (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge, Dairy, Kirby Park, and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough).

Pleuronichthys coenosus Girard, 1854. C-O Sole. Museum specimen: CAS-SU 58398 (Monterey Bay, JC Briggs).

Pleuronichthys decurrens Jordan and Gilbert, 1881. Curlfin Turbot. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 26081 (Half Moon Bay, identifier unknown); CAS-SU 3605 (offshore north of Cambria, identifier unknown, US Fish Commission); CAS-SU 51270 (Monterey Bay, WC Freihofer). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge and Dairy at Elkhorn Slough).

Pleuronichthys guttulatus Girard, 1856. Diamond Turbot. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 23877 (Sea Cliff State Park, WI Follett); CAS-SU 4426 (Monterey, identifier unknown); CAS-SU 58381 (Elkhorn Slough, JC Briggs). Publication: Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Dairy, Kirby Park, and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough).

Pleuronichthys verticalis Jordan and Gilbert, 1880. Hornyhead Turbot. Museum specimens: KU 1620 (Monterey, RL Bolin); SIO 85-155 (Pigeon Point, D Gibson); UF 79823 (Monterey Bay, G Burgess).

Psettichthys melanostictus Girard, 1854. Sand Sole. Museum specimens: MLMLF1445 (Moss Landing Harbor mouth, LT Ackerman); CAS-SU 4379 (Monterey, DS Jordan); CAS-SU 12164 (Pacific Grove, EC Starks); CAS-SU 58471 (Carmel Beach: JC Briggs). Publication: Gilbert (1915) (Monterey Bay).

Family CYNOGLOSSIDAE – tonguefishes

Symphurus atricaudus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880). California Tonguefish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 24050 (Monterey Bay, RR Harry); MLMLF1449 (Kirby Park at Elkhorn Slough, E Yarberry). Publications: Phillips (1942b) (Monterey area during 1942); Yoklavich et al. (1991) (Hwy 1 Bridge and Hudson’s Landing at Elkhorn Slough).

Order Tetraodontiformes

Family BALISTIDAE – triggerfishes

Balistes polylepis Steindachner, 1876. Finescale Triggerfish. Museum specimens: CAS-ICH 33303 (off Manresa State Beach during 1975, ME Anderson); CAS-ICH 50060 (off Hopkins Marine Station during 1982, D Powell); CAS-ICH 52482 (outside Pillar Point Harbor during 1983, El Niño, L Dempster); CAS-SU 18100 (Monterey Harbor during Jun 1951, RL Bolin). Publications: Bolin (1952) (Monterey Harbor during Jun 1951); Radovich (1961) (Monterey Bay during 1958, El Niño). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family DIODONTIDAE – porcupinefishes

Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758. Balloonfish. Museum specimen: CAS-SU 52706 (San Gregorio Beach during 1958, El Niño, JM Leis). Typically occurs in warm seas; rare off California (Miller and Lea 1972). Categorized as occurring during warm-water events (e.g., El Niño).

Family MOLIDAE – molas

Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758). Ocean Sunfish. Museum specimens: LACM 55986.001 (Monterey, J O'Sullivan); MLMLF1457 (Monterey Bay, ME Anderson). Publication: Gotshall (1961) (Monterey Bay).

Extralimital species

The geographic ranges for the following 18 species encompass MBNMS boundaries. They are likely to occur within MBNMS; however, no verifiable records occur from within MBNMS. Until further evidence is found, we consider these extralimital species.

Order Rajiformes

Family ARHYNCHOBATIDAE – softnose skates

Bathyraja microtrachys (Osburn & Nichols, 1916). Fine-spined Skate. Known to occur from Washington to “southern California” (Last et al. 2016d). Records occur to the north (Farallon Islands, CAS) and south (Guadalupe Island, Baja California, holotype, USNM). Common name follows Ebert (2003).

Bathyraja spinosissima (Beebe and Tee-Van, 1941). Pacific White Skate. Known to occur from Oregon to Ecuador (Last et al. 2016d). Records occur to the north (off Oregon, CAS), west (Gumdrop Seamount, CAS), and south (Ecuador). Common name follows Ebert (2003).

Order Stomiiformes

Family STERNOPTYCHIDAE – marine hatchetfishes

Sternoptyx pseudobscura Baird, 1971. Highlight Hatchetfish. Records occur to the north (British Columbia: Peden 1974, Milkova et al. 2016) and south (southern California, SIO).

Family STOMIIDAE – dragonfishes

Opostomias mitsuii Imai, 1941. Pitgum Dragonfish. Records occur to the west, north, and south (USNM, UW, Peden 1974, Milkova et al. 2016). Ranges across the temperate north Pacific; rare in the CalCOFI sampling area (Moser 1996).

Order Myctophiformes

Family NEOSCOPELIDAE – blackchins

Scopelengys tristis Alcock, 1890. Pacific Blackchin. Records occur to the north (British Columbia, Milkova et al. 2016; Oregon, UW records) and south (southern California, SIO).

Family MYCTOPHIDAE – lanternfishes

Lampadena urophaos Paxton, 1963. Sunbeam Lampfish. Type locality is southern California. Occurs between 25° N and 42° N in the central and eastern Pacific (Nafpaktitis and Paxton 1968).

Order Scorpaeniformes

Family SCORPAENIDAE – scorpionfishes

Sebastes alutus (Gilbert, 1890). Pacific Ocean Perch. Literature indicates the species occurs from central Baja to Bering Sea and Japan (Miller and Lea 1972, Love et al. 2002, Butler et al. 2012). Records nearest to MBNMS occur off Point Arena (north) and SE of Santa Cruz Island (south).

Family COTTIDAE – sculpins

Paricelinus hopliticus Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889. Thornback Sculpin. Records occur to the north (Cordell Bank, CAS; and Farallon Islands, SIO) and south (Point Loma, SIO). Considered a rare fish, occurring in deep, rocky bottom habitats.

Order Perciformes

Family ZOARCIDAE – eelpouts

Lycodapus endemoscotus Peden and Anderson, 1978. Deepwater Eelpout. Known from lower continental slope waters between British Columbia to northern Mexico and the Gulf of California in depths from 933 to 2,225 m (Peden and Anderson 1978). Those habitats are found in MBNMS; and based on published range, is likely to occur in MBNMS (personal communication, ME Anderson). Common name follows Mecklenburg et al. (2002).

Pachycara gymninium Anderson and Peden, 1988. Nakednape Eelpout. Known from off Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia to off Guadalupe Island, Mexico and in the Gulf of California in depths from 1,829 to 3,219 m over brown and green mud bottoms (Anderson and Peden 1988). Those habitats are found in MBNMS; and based on published range, is likely to occur in MBNMS (pers. comm. ME Anderson). Records off California include Mendocino Ridge (3,225 m) and off Cordell Bank (2,707-3,219 m). Common name follows Mecklenburg et al. (2002).

Pachycara lepinium Anderson and Peden, 1988. Scalynape Eelpout. Known from off Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia to off Guadalupe Island, Mexico in depths from 1,728 to 2,970 m over brown and green mud bottoms (Anderson and Peden 1988). Those habitats are found in MBNMS; and based on published range, is likely to occur in MBNMS (pers. comm. ME Anderson). Records off California include off Cape Mendocino (2,940 m), off Farallon Islands (1,800 m), and San Clemente Basin (1,829-2,027 m). Common name follows Mecklenburg et al. (2002).

Family STICHAEIDAE – pricklebacks

Esselenichthys laurae (Follett & Anderson, 1990). Twoline Prickleback. Follett and Anderson (1990) described the species from 15 juvenile specimens captured between Southeast Farallon Island, California, and Punta Banda, Baja California Norte, Mexico. The Southeast Farallon Island specimens (CAS) were collected from pigeon guillemot nests, but their condition indicates they were taken locally (Follett and Anderson 1990).

Poroclinus rothrocki Bean, 1890. Whitebarred Prickleback. Northeast Pacific records include Alaska, Washington, Oregon, northern California (Crescent City, Eureka, Fort Bragg; LACM), and one record in San Diego (CAS-SU).

Family GOBIIDAE – gobies

Ilypnus gilberti (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Cheekspot Goby. Occurs in mud flats of bays (Miller and Lea 1972); considered an estuarine species. No records from Elkhorn Slough; however, found to the north and south of MBNMS (e.g., Tomales Bay, San Francisco Bay, southern California).

Family GEMPYLIDAE – snake mackerels

Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843). Escolar. Although range occurs from Peru to Washington (Miller and Lea 1972), it is rare, found deep, and is a more tropical species.

Family ISTIOPHORIDAE – billfishes

Tetrapturus angustirostris Tanaka, 1915. Shortbill Spearfish. Found in eastern Pacific from Chile to 40 miles west of Cape Mendocino (Miller and Lea 1972). Radovich 1961 reported a sport-catch record off Morro Bay in Aug 1959 (El Niño). In addition, two collected outside of MBNMS: 100 miles offshore, halfway between San Francisco and Morro Bay (SIO, Jul 1959); and ~120 miles west of Monterey (CAS, K Peterson, Sept 1981).

Order Pleuronectiformes

Family PLEURONECTIDAE – righteye flounders

Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792). Greenland Halibut. Found in the northern part of the Pacific, from Sagami Bay northward, in the Sea of Japan, the Okhotsk Sea, the Bering Sea, and off the Pacific coast of North America south to Mexico (Dyck et al. 2007). It is uncommon off California (Miller and Lea 1972); several records off Eureka. The Mexican record (SIO) was captured during 1962; a cold-water year.

Order Tetradontiformes

Family TETRAODONTIDAE – puffers

Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758). Oceanic Puffer. Published range in eastern Pacific is Galapagos Islands to Alder Creek Beach, Mendocino County; rare off California (Miller and Lea 1972). Five California museum specimens exist (4 at southern CA, 1 at Mendocino during 1958 El Niño, CAS). Typically occurs in warmer seas; however, can move north during El Niño years.

Acknowledgements

For use of online databases, we thank the California Academy of Sciences (Ichthyology Collection Database); Scripps Institution of Oceanography (Marine Vertebrate Collection); Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (Fish Collection database); University of Washington Burke Museum (Ichthyology Collections Database); Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; and FishNet2 portal (including: Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University; University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute; Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History; North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences; Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Ohio State University, Museum of Biological Diversity, Museum of Zoology, Fish Division; Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History; University of Alaska Museum of the North, Fairbanks; University of Colorado Museum of Natural History; University of Florida, Florida Museum of Natural History; University of Michigan Museum of Zoology; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History). For access to, and assistance with, institution records and specimens, we thank David Catania, Mysi Hoang, and Jon Fong (California Academy of Sciences); William Watson (Southwest Fisheries Science Center/NOAA Fisheries); Rick Feeney and Christine Thacker (Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History); Scott Hamilton and Catarina Pien (Moss Landing Marine Labortories); H.J. Walker, Philip Hastings, Cynthia Klepadlo, and Ben Frable (Scripps Institution of Oceanography); Linda Kuhnz (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute); Theodore W. Pietsch and Katherine P. Maslenikov (University of Washington Burke Museum); William Leo Smith (University of Kansas); and Ken Oda and Paul Reilly (California Department of Fish and Wildlife). For specimens collected during 2015 midwater trawl survey, we thank the scientists and crew aboard NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada. For visual record information, we thank Nancy Jacobsen Stout, Linda Kuhnz, Lonny Lundsten, Brian Schlining, Kyra Schlining, and Susan von Thun (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute); Andrew Morgan and Joe Welsh (Monterey Bay Aquarium); Megan Bassett and James Lindholm (CSU Monterey Bay); Steve Lonhart and Chad King (Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary); and Alan Baldridge (Hopkins Marine Station). For review and advice on specific groups, we thank M. Eric Anderson (Zoarcidae; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity), and Kerstin Wasson (Elkhorn Slough fishes). For access to historic literature and library records, we thank the Biodiversity Heritage Library, NOAA Seattle Library staff, Katie Lage (Moss Landing Marine Laboratories), and Don Kohrs (Harold A. Miller Library at Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University). For map figure, we thank Sophie De Beukelaer (Lynker Technologies LLC). For review and comments on manuscript, we thank Larry Allen, Gregor M. Cailliet, Andrew DeVogelaere, Steve Lonhart, and H.J. Walker. Funding was provided by NOAA's Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Save The Earth Foundation, and supported by sanctuary leadership William Douros, Paul Michel, and Andrew DeVogelaere. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

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Phillips JB (1943a) Grunion in Monterey Bay. California Fish and Game 29(2): 82. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/70703

Phillips JB (1943b) Another wall-eyed pollock at Monterey. California Fish and Game 29(2): 83. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/70703

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Phillips JB (1953) Additional Pacific cod taken off central California. California Fish and Game 39(4): 559. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61450

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