Native to the Nearctic region. Widespread in the United States, recorded from all states bordering southern Ontario (Bousquet 2012).

Ontario: Point Pelee National Park, 08-Jun-2000 (1 ex, CNC).

See Lindroth (1968) or Bousquet (2010).

This species occurs in deciduous forests on moist soil (Larochelle and Lariviere 2003). The Canadian specimen was caught with a UV light trap on a forest trail in Point Pelee National Park.

As only a single specimen was captured, it is uncertain whether this species is truly established in Canada.

Native to the Palaearctic region. Widespread and common in Europe, distributed across Eurasia to the Russian Far East and Japan (Hansen 1987, 2004). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Cambridge, 01-Jun-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Hartington, 18-Apr-2017 (1 ex, CBG).

(based on Hansen 1987). Body length 4.0–4.8 mm. Habitus short and wide, convex, as in Fig. 1. Black, with the pronotal margins sometimes narrowly red-brown. Antennae with nine antennomeres and a loosely built club with three antennomeres. Base of antennae concealed in dorsal view by the expanded lateral margin of the head. Eyes emarginate. Elytra with sharply impressed sutural striae reaching from apex at least to middle. Tarsomere 1 of meso- and metatarsi longer than tarsomere 2. Abdominal ventrite 1 without medial carina.

This species is found in stagnant fresh water. It prefers eutrophic ponds with dense vegetation, and mainly occurs in shallow water at the edges (Hansen 1987). One of the two Canadian specimens was collected as a larva in a leaf litter sample from a wetland, the other (an adult) was sifted from leaf litter close to a lake shore.

This is the first record of the genus Coelostoma Brullé, 1835 in the Nearctic region. Coelostoma orbiculare leads to couplet 28 in Van Tassell’s (2001) key to North American genera of Hydrophilidae together with the genera Dactylosternum Wollaston, 1854 and Phaenonotum Sharp, 1882. It can be distinguished from Dactylosternum by the absence of a longitudinal carina on the first abdominal ventrite (present in Dactylosternum), and from Phaenonotum by the presence of distinct sutural striae on the elytra (absent in Phaenonotum).

Figure 1. 

Coelostoma orbiculare (Fabricius), habitus, L. Borowiec. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Native to the Palaearctic region. Widespread in Europe, also recorded from North Africa and Caucasus (Daffner 1983; Perreau 2004). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Puslinch Township, 15-Aug-2010 to 22-Aug-2010 (1 ex, CBG); Guelph, 18-Aug-2010 (1 ex, CBG).

(based on Daffner 1983). Body length 2.2–4 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 2A. Red-brown or yellow-brown, head, pronotum and the sutural and lateral margins of elytra sometimes darkened. Antennae long, with a strongly transverse, darkened club, last antennomere narrower than antennomere 10. Head normally with four punctures in transverse series. Basal margin of pronotum sinuate laterally. Mesoventrite with a long, low and evenly curved medial carina, not reaching the transverse carina and without excavation anteriorly. Metaventrite approximately as long as abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 combined. Elytra with regular, strongly and densely punctate striae, interstitial punctures sparse. Elytra not transversely strigose or strongly microsculptured. Elytral stria 9 separated from side margin at basal third, forming a subhumeral row of punctures. Protibiae only moderately widened towards apex. Metafemora in both sexes with an apical projection at both inner and outer margins, projections stronger in males (Fig. 2B). Male metatibiae bent inward starting from the basal third. Male genitalia as in Fig. 2C, D.

This eurytopic species is found in forests, forest edges, heaths, gardens etc. in Europe (Koch 1989b). The Canadian specimens were collected with Malaise traps in suburban residential areas in southern Ontario.

Leiodes polita leads to L. quebecensis Baranowski, 1993 in the key to North American species of Leiodes (Baranowski 1993). It can be distinguished by the sinuate basal margin of the pronotum (straight in L. quebecensis and related species), differently formed projections of the metafemora, and the male genitalia.

Figure 2. 

Leiodes polita (Marsham) A habitus L. Borowiec B male left metafemur, dorsal view C aedeagus, ventral view D aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A), 0.5 mm (B), 0.2 mm (C, D).

Native to the West Palaearctic region, widespread in Europe (Schülke and Smetana 2015). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Peterborough, 24-May-2015 to 30-May-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Markham, 24-Jun-2017 to 25-Jun-2017 (1 ex, CBG).

Body length 0.9–1.1 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 3A. Female apical tergite with distinctive projection (Fig. 3A). Aedeagus as in Fig. 3B (Löbl 1960).

Pearce (1957) writes that this species can be collected from the base of grasses and under stones along sandy river banks and in flood debris in Britain. Unlike other European (Pearce 1957) or North American (Owens and Carlton 2017) species of the genus, it does not occur in deep leaf litter or damp moss. Both Pearce (1957) and Besuchet (1955) state that the species is infrequently collected but this may be due to the extremely small size and unknown microhabitat requirements. One of the Canadian specimens was collected with a Malaise trap on farmland, the other was extracted from soil and leaf litter from a mixed habitat of farmland and forest.

Only female specimens were available from the Nearctic, but they share identical barcode haplotypes with a specimen of Bibloplectus minutissimus sampled from Germany. They were also morphologically consistent with the diagnostic characters listed above. In the Palaearctic fauna, females of this species can be recognized by a combination of small size, pale body, temples clearly longer than eyes, and apical tergite produced into a long spine (Besuchet 1955). In the Nearctic region, males are needed for an accurate morphological identification (see Chandler 1990; Owens and Carlton 2017) as many undescribed species are still expected.

Figures 3, 4. 

3 Bibloplectus minutissimus (Aubé) 3A habitus 3B aedeagus, ventral view, re-drawn from Löbl (1960) 4 Mycetoporus reichei Pandellé 4A habitus 4B aedeagus, ventral and lateral view, M. Kocian. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (3A), 0.1 mm (3B), 1.0 mm (4A), 0.2 mm (4B).

Native to the West Palaearctic region and broadly distributed (Schülke and Smetana 2015). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin, United States, and Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick, Canada) (Campbell 1991, as M. triangulatus).

(DNA barcoded specimens). Ontario: Orangeville, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Owen Sound, 21-Aug-2014 to 04-Sep-2014 (1 ex, CBG).

See Campbell (1991) and Brunke et al. (2014) for details of earlier records from Canada and United States (as M. triangulatus).

Body length: 3.1–4.3 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 4A. Ocular puncture of head located at inner edge of eye. Discal pronotal punctures absent. Elytral disc with only one row of punctures, and elytral microsculpture only distinct in apical half. Aedeagus as in Fig. 4B.

In the Nearctic, Campbell (1991) reported this species from a vole nest, spruce litter, car net, flood debris, and from a deciduous forest. Brunke et al. (2014) collected this species (as M. triangulatus) from soybean fields and their adjacent hedgerows in Ontario, Canada. The barcoded Canadian specimens were collected with Malaise traps, one in a suburban residential area and the other in grassland habitat.

Campbell (1991) described Mycetoporus triangulatus and stated that it is “almost certainly introduced” but was unable to match it to Palaearctic species available for study. The Palaearctic species of Mycetoporus were only recently revised to include the complex sclerites of the internal sac (e.g., Schülke 2012b) and the Nearctic fauna had not been reviewed since. The Finnish specimens in the BIN are identified as M. clavicornis (Stephens, 1832), a close relative of M. reichei. These specimens may be misidentified (they were identified by MP before the presence of M. reichei in Finland was detected) and need to be re-examined.

Figures 5, 6. 

5 Tachyporus atriceps Stephens 5A habitus 5B elytral chaetotaxy (re-drawn from Assing and Schülke 2012) and pattern variability 5C aedeagus, ventral view, M. Schülke, modified. Abbreviations: OD outer discal row, MD middle discal row, ID inner discal row, S sutural row 6 Amischa decipiens (Sharp) 6A habitus 6B spermatheca, re-drawn from Muona (1990). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (5A; 6A), 0.5 mm (5B, C), 0.1 mm (6B).

Native to the Palaearctic region, where it is widespread (Schülke 2012b). Adventive in the Nearctic region (British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island, Canada).

(DNA barcoded specimens). British Columbia: Burnaby, 21-Sep-2015 to 02-Oct-2015 (1 ex, CBG). Ontario: Ancaster, 21-Sep-2015 to 02-Oct-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Ausable-Bayfield Conservation Authority, 30-Jun-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Cambridge, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (2 exx, CBG); Cambridge, 24-Apr-2015 to 01-May-2015 (49 exx, CBG); Carillon Park, 06-May-1982 (2 ex, CNC); Courtice, 19-Sep-2016 to 30-Sep-2016 (1 ex, CBG); Guelph, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Guelph, 23-Sep-2013 to 04-Oct-2013 (2 exx, CBG); Guelph, 26-Sep-2014 to 29-Sep-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Hartington, 04-Oct-2017 (1 ex, CBG); Mississauga, 24-May-2016 to 26-May-2016 (1 ex, CBG); Point Pelee National Park, 06-Jul-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Puslinch Township, 19-Sep-2010 to 27-Sep-2010 (2 exx, CBG); Puslinch Township, 24-Oct-2010 to 31-Oct-2010 (1 ex, CBG); Red Rock, 21-Sep-2015 to 02-Oct-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Rondeau Provincial Park, 09-Jul-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Rouge National Urban Park, 03-Jun-2013 to 09-Jun-2013 (13 exx, CBG); Rouge National Urban Park, 15-Sep-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Stayner, 21-Sep-2015 to 02-Oct-2015 (1 ex, CBG). Quebec: Forillon National Park, 16-Sep-2013 to 23-Sep-2013 (2 exx, CBG). New Brunswick: Florenceville-Bristol, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (3 exx, CBG); Fredericton, 19-Sep-2016 to 30-Sep-2016 (1 ex, CBG). Nova Scotia: Cape Breton Highlands National Park, 13-Sep-2013 to 20-Sep-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Hubbards, 19-Sep-2016 to 30-Sep-2016 (1 ex, CBG). Prince Edward Island: Prince Edward Island National Park, 11-Sep-2013 to 18-Sep-2013 (1 ex, CBG).

Ontario: Carillon Park, 06-May-1982 (2 exx, CNC); Renfrew County, 4 km SE Cobden, 15-Sep-1980 (1 ex, CNC); Wentworth County, Stoney Creek, 03-Mar-1973 (1 ex, CNC). Quebec: Montreal, 07-Sep-1984 (1 ex, CNC). Nova Scotia: Halifax, 1988 (1 ex, CNC).

Body length 2.4–3.6 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 5A. Head black, strongly contrasting with pronotum, elytra with either medial and ovoid lateral markings across disc or disc nearly entirely darkened (Fig. 5B). Elytral chaetotaxy as in Fig. 5B, with sutural row of punctures and three rows of discal punctures, with two punctures in inner discal row. Aedeagus as in Fig. 5C.

This species occurs in a variety of moist to very dry microhabitats (Schülke 2012b). In the Nearctic, this species occurs in disturbed habitats. It was collected by Brunke et al. (2014) in soybean fields and adjacent hedgerows in Ontario (misidentified as T. canadensis Campbell, 1979, to which it is similar). The barcoded specimens were collected in suburban residential areas and protected land adjacent to cities, mainly with Malaise or pitfall traps. Some of the barcoded specimens are larvae extracted from soil or leaf litter.

Tachyporus atriceps has the same elytral chaetotaxy as T. borealis Campbell, 1979, T. nimbicola Campbell, 1979, and T. canadensis Campbell, 1979 but can be separated from the first two by the elytra with discal markings. Tachyporus canadensis has a dark red-brown head, bright yellow pronotum, and either a pair of narrow linear lateral dark markings (and medial darkening) or entirely immaculate elytra, while T. atriceps has a deep black head, slightly darkened (dingy yellow-orange) pronotum and lateral elytral markings that are ovoid or entirely fused with the medial marking to form a broad darkened area over much of the elytra. The internal sac sclerite of T. atriceps is similarly shaped to T. nimbicola and T. borealis (cane-shaped, Fig. 5C) while T. canadensis possesses a characteristic arc-shaped sclerite that is not hooked. Tachyporus atriceps appears to be common in at least southern Canada and has been present in the Nearctic since at least 1973. This species was probably recently introduced, or has only recently become widespread and common, as it was not detected by Campbell (1979). Tachyporus atriceps is split into two closely clustered BINs which show no differences in morphology, including male genitalia.

Figures 7, 8. 

7A Atheta vaga (Heer), habitus 7B Atheta vaga, aedeagus, lateral view 7C Atheta fanatica Casey, aedeagus, lateral view 7D Atheta fanatica, spermatheca 8 Myllaena infuscata Kraatz 8A habitus 8B aedeagus, ventral view 8C aedeagus, lateral view 8D spermatheca 8B–D V. Assing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (7A), 0.2 mm (7B–D), 0.5 mm (8A), 0.1 mm (8B–D).

Native to the Palaearctic region, occurring broadly in Europe and also reported from the Canary Islands, Tunisia, Turkey, and Mongolia (Schülke and Smetana 2015). Adventive in the Nearctic region (British Columbia and Ontario, Canada).

British Columbia: Abbotsford, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Burnaby, 21-Sep-2015 to 02-Oct-2015 (2 exx, CBG); Port Coquitlam, 20-Apr-2015 to 08-May-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Surrey, 19-Sep-2016 to 30-Sep-2016 (1 ex, CBG). Ontario: Aylmer, 19-Sep-2016 to 30-Sep-2016 (1 ex, CBG); Brantford, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Cambridge, 20-Apr-2015 to 08-May-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Chesley, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Ethel, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Georgian Bay Islands National Park, 28-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Hagersville, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Hagersville, 23-Sep-2013 to 04-Oct-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Little Britain, 19-Sep-2016 to 30-Sep-2016 (1 ex, CBG); London, 19-Sep-2016 to 30-Sep-2016 (1 ex, CBG); London, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Manitowaning, 21-Sep-2015 to 02-Oct-2015 (5 exx, CBG); Milverton, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Napanee, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (2 exx, CBG); Perth East, 23-Sep-2013 to 04-Oct-2013 (1 ex, CBG); St. Thomas, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (10 exx, CBG); Stayner, 21-Sep-2015 to 02-Oct-2015 (2 exx, CBG); Teeswater, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Teeswater, 23-Sep-2013 to 04-Oct-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Walkerton, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (2 exx, CBG); Walkerton, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (2 exx, CBG); Whitby, 23-Sep-2013 to 04-Oct-2013 (1 ex, CBG).

Body length: 2.0–2.2 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 6A. Tergite VII in both sexes without a distinct notch. Spermatheca as in Fig. 6B.

This eurytopic species is usually found in moist microhabitats such as leaf litter and moldy hay (Koch 1989a). Good (1995) reported this species from agricultural fields and grasslands in Ireland. Most of the barcoded Canadian specimens were collected with Malaise traps in suburban residential areas.

One of the most distinctive species of this difficult genus, A. decipiens can be recognized by tergite VII lacking a notch in both sexes and by the distinctive spermatheca that bears an elongate capsule (Fig. 6B) (Muona 1990). In at least some parts of its European range (e.g., Ireland), the species is considered to be parthenogenetic (Williams 1969; Good 1995). All examined voucher specimens from the Nearctic were females, suggesting that this species is also parthenogenetic in North America. The genus Amischa in North America is unrevised and all Nearctic specimens that cannot be matched to Palaearctic A. analis (Gravenhorst, 1802) or A. decipiens should be treated as unidentifiable pending a comprehensive study. An examination of all North American types was outside the scope of this study and should ideally be accompanied by further DNA sequencing work of both Nearctic and Palaearctic Amischa.

Native to the Palaearctic region, widespread in Europe and reported from Algeria, Tunisia, East and West Siberia, and Mongolia (Schülke and Smetana 2015). Adventive in the Nearctic region (California, United States, and Nova Scotia, Canada).

Nova Scotia: Halifax, 30-May-2013 to 06-Jul-2013 (2 exx, CBG).

Body length 2.5–2.8 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 7A. Aedeagus as in Fig. 7B. Spermatheca as in Atheta fanatica Casey (Fig. 7D).

Palm (1970) wrote that the species is common at sap runs on trees, on carrion, in fungi, in compost, and in the nests of birds, including ravens and birds of prey. It consistently occurs in a wide variety of bird nests in Europe (Hicks 1959). Its sister species, native Nearctic A. fanatica Casey, 1910, apparently lives in the same way (Klimaszewski et al. 2018) and has been collected in artificial owl nest boxes (Majka et al. 2006, Webster et al. 2009). The Canadian specimens were collected with a Malaise trap in a forested part of Point Pleasant Park in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

First reported from North America by Muona (1984) from California (without specimen data including date). This is the first record from eastern North America and for Canada. Populations in eastern and western North America may represent separate introductions, and dissection and sequencing of further material may reveal a more detailed introduction history. With the exception of its native sister species, A. fanatica, A. vaga can be easily recognized by the shape of the median lobe in lateral view and spermatheca. It can be distinguished from A. fanatica by the less strongly sinuate tubus of the median lobe in lateral view (compare with Fig. 7C). The spermathecae of the two species are identical. The close relationship and separate species status of the two species is confirmed by two well-separated BINs. Although the two examined vouchers from Canada are females, we are confident of their identity based on identical DNA barcode haplotypes shared with European material of A. vaga. Atheta fanatica forms a separate BIN cluster (BOLD:ACL9881 ) which shows ca. 10% divergence from A. vaga.

Native to the western Palaearctic region, widely distributed in Europe but rare in the north (Palm 1968) and also reported from India (Kashmir) (Schülke and Smetana 2015), though many of these records need confirmation (Assing 2018). It has previously been reported as occurring in the Nearctic region by Schülke and Smetana (2015) but this is probably based on an erroneous synonymy of North American M. immunda Casey with this species in older literature. Klimaszewski (1982) corrected the synonymy, and M. immunda is now considered a synonym of M. arcana Casey, 1911. The true M. infuscata is reported here as adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Rouge National Urban Park, 15-Sep-2013 (1 ex, CBG).

Body length 1.2–1.5 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 8A. Aedeagus as in Fig. 8B, C. Spermatheca as in Fig. 8D.

Myllaena infuscata occurs in both exposed and shaded microhabitats along the margins of still and running water (Reid 1991). The Canadian specimen was extracted from soil and leaf litter collected near the mouth of Rouge River.

Myllaena infuscata is distinctive in the Nearctic fauna for its spermathecal shape, which forms concentric circular coils (Fig. 8D). The median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view is also distinctive among species in North America (Fig. 8B, C). Within the western Palaearctic fauna, only M. minuta has similar genitalia but differs in the shape of the median lobe in lateral view. The single female from Ontario bears the characteristic spermatheca and its corresponding barcode sequence falls within the BIN associated with M. infuscata, rather than M. minuta, its similar sister species. It is unknown whether this is a recent introduction to North America or if its small size has impeded its detection.

Native to the Palaearctic region, trans-Palaearctic (Schülke 2012a). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, United States, and Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland, Canada (Herman 1972, Bousquet et al. 2013, as B. philadelphicus).

(DNA barcoded specimens). Ontario: Georgian Bay Islands National Park, 19-Aug-2013 to 27-Aug-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Grundy Lake Provincial Park, 13-Jul-1995 (1 ex, CNC); Hamilton, 21-Jul-2017 (3 exx, CBG). Quebec: Montreal, 19-Aug-1981 (1 ex, CNC).

See Herman (1972) for a list of earlier records from Canada and the United States (as B. philadelphicus).

Body length: 3.7–4.8 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 9A, B. Male sternite VII as in Fig. 9D. Aedeagus as in Fig. 9C.

Palm (1961) (as synonym B. fracticornis) states that this species can be found in half-moist sand, gravel, clay or mineral soil mixed with humus, with or without vegetation cover. In Central Europe, this species occurs on sandy to muddy river banks, and also in damp field edges (Schülke 2012a). Three of the CBG specimens were collected at a UV light at a forest edge, one was caught in a Malaise trap in a forested peninsula.

Bledius gallicus can be recognized within Herman’s (1972) ‘semiferrugineus group’ using the following combination of characters: last segment of metatarsus in dorsal view gradually expanded to apex, male sternite VII emarginate, with membranous lobe but emargination not bordered by a pair of spines, pronotum with midlongitudinal groove. The species will key easily to B. philadelphicus Fall, 1919 in Herman’s (1972) key and we here consider these two species synonyms. Specimens in the CNC identified as B. philadelphicus by Lee Herman and included in his revision of the ‘semiferrugineus group’ (Herman 1972) were dissected and revealed to be B. gallicus. The description of Bledius philadelphicus in Herman (1972) corresponds to that of B. gallicus in Schülke (2012a), including the characteristic male sternite VII (though the membranous part is slightly deeper in both Nearctic and Palaearctic populations than indicated by the illustration). Bledius gallicus is closely related to the Palaearctic B. femoralis (Gyllenhal, 1827) (Schülke 2012a). The two species have extremely similar aedeagi, differing only in the apex of the ventral lamella (Fig. 9C) (acute in B. femoralis and broadly truncate in B. gallicus). These two species are more easily separated by the shape of male sternite VII (Schülke 2012a).

Based on the specimens available at the CNC and reported by Herman (1972), B. gallicus has been in North America for quite a long time, since at least as early as 1910, when Fall (1910) first described B. philadelphicus as B. dissimilis (not Erichson 1840, preoccupied name replaced by Fall (1919)). The earliest Canadian specimens are from the 1920s.

Figures 9, 10. 

9 Bledius gallicus (Gravenhorst) 9A habitus, black elytra, L. Borowiec 9B habitus, red-brown elytra, L. Borowiec 9C aedeagus, ventral view, VL = ventral lamella M. Schülke 9D male sternite VII 10 Carpelimus elongatulus (Erichson) 10A habitus 10B aedeagus, ventral view, H. Schillhammer. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (9A, B; 10A), 0.2 mm (9C), 0.2 mm (9D), 0.25 mm (10B).

Native to the Palaearctic region, distributed from western Europe to the Baikal region of Russia (Schülke 2012a). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick, Canada).

(DNA barcoded specimens). Ontario: Ausable-Bayfield Conservation Authority, 30-Jun-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Indian Point Provincial Park, 28-Jul-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Puslinch Township, 09-May-2010 (1 ex, CBG).

Ontario: Guelph, 10-Apr-2009, (2 exx, DEBU); Minesing Swamp, 26-Jan-2008 (1 ex, DEBU). Quebec: Dorval, 10-Oct-1975, (1 ex, FMNH); Sainte-Foy, 27-May-1976, (1 ex, FMNH). New Brunswick: Charlotte County, 05-Jun-2008 (1 ex, RWC); Jackson falls, 22-May-2010, (1 ex, RWC); Musquash, 07-May-2006 (1 ex, RWC).

Body length: 2.0–2.6 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 10A. Aedeagus as in Fig. 10B.

This species occurs on banks of waterways, wet meadows, agricultural fields and in damp leaf litter (Schülke 2012a). The Canadian specimens were collected with Malaise traps in forests and extracted from leaf litter from a wetland and a river bank.

As the Nearctic Carpelimus have not been revised in modern times, it is currently necessary to dissect males to match with published illustrations of the aedeagus (see Webster et al. 2016). Although only female voucher specimens from the Nearctic were available for study, they easily key to C. elongatulus in Schülke (2012a) and two of the barcoded Canadian specimens share identical haplotypes with European specimens of C. elongatulus. Similar but much smaller Palaearctic species such as C. subtilis are represented in BOLD and form separate BINs deeply divergent from C. elongatulus.

Native to the western Palaearctic region, widely distributed in Europe (Schülke and Smetana 2015). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Peterborough, 31-May-2015 to 06-Jun-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Rouge National Urban Park, 03-Jun-2013 to 09-Jun-2013 (2 exx, CBG).

Body size: 1.55–1.70 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 11A. Aedeagus as in Fig. 11B.

Koch (1989a) reports that this species is found in moist forests, forest edges and gardens among leaves and fungi, in dead wood, and at sap flows. One of the Canadian specimens was collected with a Malaise trap on farmland, the other two with pitfall traps in grassland and a river bank.

As the Nearctic Stenichnus fauna remains unrevised, it is only possible to associate Nearctic specimens with Palaearctic species through dissected males or barcodes. The Canadian specimens share identical barcode haplotypes with European material, and the identification was verified by examination of the male genitalia.

Figures 11, 12. 

11 Stenichnus collaris (Müller & Kunze) 11A habitus, L. Borowiec 11B aedeagus, dorsal view 12 Stenichnus scutellaris (Müller & Kunze) 12A habitus, L. Borowiec 12B aedeagus, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (11A; 12A), 0.1 mm (11B; 12B).

Native to the western Palaearctic region, widespread in Europe (Schülke and Smetana 2015). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Cambridge, 07-May-2015 to 14-May-2015 (5 exx, CBG); Cambridge, 15-Jul-2017 (15 exx, CBG); Cambridge, 25-May-2015 to 01-Jun-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Cambridge, 25-May-2015 to 31-May-2015 (4 exx, CBG); Cambridge, 29-Apr-2015 to 07-May-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Guelph, 13-May-2017 (1 ex, CBG); Guelph, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (2 exx, CBG); Guelph, 22-Apr-2017 (1 ex, CBG); Kitchener, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Mississauga, 15-Sep-2015 to 17-Sep-2015 (3 exx, CBG); Owen Sound, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Pickering, 24-Jun-2017 to 25-Jun-2017 (1 ex, CBG); Rouge National Urban Park, 03-Jun-2013 to 09-Jun-2013 (7 exx, CBG); Rouge National Urban Park, 11-Jun-2013 to 18-Jun-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Rouge National Urban Park, 15-Sep-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Rouge National Urban Park, 24-Jun-2017 (1 ex, CBG); Rouge National Urban Park, 29-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Warsaw, 05-May-2014 to 23-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Whitby, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG).

Body length: 1.4–1.5 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 12A. Male profemur widened apicad to form an abrupt 90° angle in dorsal view. Aedeagus as in Fig. 12B.

This species lives in leaf litter and dead wood (Koch 1989a). It is mostly collected in forests or at forest edges, occasionally in wetlands and grasslands (Koch 1989a). Most Canadian specimens were collected using Malaise traps, pitfall traps, or by sifting leaf litter. Most specimens were collected in disturbed forest fragments but some were from grasslands and wetlands.

As the Nearctic Stenichnus fauna remains unrevised, it is only possible to associate Nearctic specimens with Palaearctic species through dissected males or barcodes. The Canadian specimens share identical barcode haplotypes with European material, and the identification was verified by examination of the male genitalia. The modified male profemur of S. scutellaris is unique among the Central European fauna (Franz and Besuchet 1971). Without a revision of the Nearctic fauna, it is not possible to know whether other North American species also possess this character.

Native to the western Palaearctic region, widespread in Europe and also reported from Algeria, Tunisia, and Lebanon (Schülke and Smetana 2015). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Guelph, 17-Sep-2017 (6 exx, CBG).

Body length: 1.4 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 13A. Aedeagus as in Fig. 13B.

This eurytopic species occurs along forest edges and in parks, gardens, floodplains, and fields (Koch 1989a). The Canadian specimens were sifted from a compost heap.

As the Nearctic Scydmaenus fauna remains unrevised, it is only possible to associate Nearctic specimens with Palaearctic species through dissected males or barcodes. Three of the Canadian specimens share identical barcode haplotypes with European material, and the identification was verified by examination of the male genitalia.

Figures 13, 14. 

13 Scydmaenus rufus Müller & Kunze 13A habitus, L. Borowiec 13B aedeagus, ventral view 14 Scydmoraphes minutus (Chaudoir) 14A habitus 14B aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (13A; 14A), 0.1 mm (13B; 14B).

Native to the Palaearctic region, widespread in Europe and also reported from the Russian Far East (Schülke and Smetana 2015). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario:Georgian Bay Islands National Park, 30-Jul-2013 to 06-Aug-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Peterborough, 30-Jul-2015 (1 ex, CBG).

Body length: 1.15–1.30 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 14A. Head without supraantennal notches or frontal impression, submentum with lateral sutures broadly separated. Pronotum setose, laterally margined, with a transverse groove at the base. Aedeagus as in Fig. 14B.

This species is associated with ants, especially species of the Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761 group, and Lasius fuliginosus (Latreille, 1798) and L. brunneus (Latreille, 1798) in Europe (Franz and Besuchet 1971). Koch (1989a) reports S. minutus with Lasius ants in hollow trees, under loose bark and in fallen logs. The Canadian specimens were collected with Malaise traps, one in a forested peninsula and the other on farmland.

The genus Scydmoraphes Reitter, 1891 is here reported for the first time from North America. It was distinguished recently from the similar Nearctic genus Parascydmus Casey, 1897 (Jałoszynski 2019), and it does not appear to be an obvious synonym of the other similar Nearctic genus Brachycepsis Brendel, 1889. A detailed systematic study of the Nearctic glandulariine genera is warranted. The genus Scydmoraphes (with a single species in the Nearctic region) may be recognized within the Nearctic fauna of Glandulariini by the unique combination of a transverse groove on the base of the pronotum, which is margined laterally (Fig. 14A), submentum with lateral sutures broadly separated, and head dorsally lacking frontal impression and supraantennal notches (Jałoszynski 2019). In habitus, Scydmoraphes is similar to Brachycepsis and Parascydmus but can be easily recognized by the transverse pronotal groove.

The following couplets from O’Keefe (2001) were modified to include Scydmoraphes:

Native to the Palaearctic region, distributed from Europe to the Far East of Russia (Schülke and Smetana 2015). Adventive in the Nearctic region (British Columbia, Canada).

British Columbia: Gulf Islands National Park Reserve, 17-Jun-2014 to 22-Jun-2014 (2 exx, CBG).

Body length: 8.0–9.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 15A. Female sternite VIII elongate and truncate apically, as in Fig. 15D. Aedeagus distinctive in lateral view, as in Fig. 15B, C.

In Central Europe, this is a common species in unforested, humid microhabitats such as wetlands, shorelines, agricultural fields, gardens, and heath (Assing 2012). The Canadian specimens were collected in a wetland adjacent to a lake, one with pitfall traps and the other by Berlese funnel extraction.

The voucher specimens from North America are, unfortunately, females but share identical barcode haplotypes with Palaearctic specimens of L. geminum from Germany and Finland. North American vouchers key to L. geminum in Assing (2012) and female sternite VIII is consistent with the shape described for this species. As the Nearctic fauna of Lathrobium is unrevised, comparisons with North American species are not yet possible.

Figures 15, 16. 

15 Lathrobium geminum Kraatz 15A habitus, L. Borowiec 15B aedeagus, lateral view V. Assing 15C aedeagus, ventral view V. Assing 15D female sternite VIII, modified from Assing and Schülke (2012) 16 Lathrobium lineatocolle Scriba 16A aedeagus, lateral view, V. Assing 16B female sternite VIII, V. Assing. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (15A), 0.5 mm (15B–D), 0.5 mm (16A, B).

Native to the Palaearctic region, widespread in Europe and reported from China, Iran, Turkey, and the Russian Far East (Schülke and Smetana 2015). Adventive in Canada (Ontario).

Ontario: Rouge National Urban Park, 29-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Rouge National Urban Park, 03-Jun-2013 to 09-Jun-2013 (1 ex, CBG).

Female sternite VIII elongate to narrow, scarcely emarginate apex, as in Fig. 16B. Aedeagus distinctive in lateral view, as in Fig. 16A.

In Central Europe, this species occurs mostly in riparian habitats and in wet meadows (Assing 2012). One of the Canadian specimens was collected with a Malaise trap in a forest patch; the other was caught in a riverside pitfall trap.

As the Nearctic fauna of Lathrobium is unrevised, comparisons with North American species are not yet possible.

Native to the western Palaearctic region, widespread in Europe and also reported from Algeria, Morocco, Turkey, the Canary Islands, and Madeira (Schülke and Smetana 2015). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Guelph, 30-Jun-2018 (1 ex, CBG).

Body length: 3.8–4.6 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 17A. Male sternite VII as in Fig. 17C. Aedeagus as in Fig. 17B.

This species has been collected in a variety of habitats in Europe, but the breeding habitat requirements are unknown (Assing 2006). Most specimens have been collected in flight (car nets, flight interception traps) (Assing 2006). Specimens have also been collected from stream edges, haystacks, woodland and at light (Assing 2006). This species is less likely to occur in the nests of small mammals than other species of the genus (Assing 2006). The Canadian specimen was collected at a UV light in a mixed forest.

A single female voucher from Canada was available for study and, while males would normally be necessary to confirm a positive identification in Medon, its barcode sequence is identical to German and Austrian specimens of M. apicalis. All similar, widespread Palaearctic species that could be confused with M. apicalis (M. ripicola (Kraatz, 1854), M. brunneus (Erichson, 1839), M. fusculus (Mannerheim, 1830)) are represented in BOLD and form distinct BIN clusters. The female voucher was also morphologically compared to representatives of all widespread western Palaearctic Medon species and was consistent with the variability of body proportions, punctation and color of M. apicalis. Four species known from the southwestern Palaearctic are closely related to M. apicalis and cannot be reliably distinguished by external characters: M. perniger Coiffait, 1978 (Italy and extreme southern parts of France and Switzerland); M. maronitus (Saulcy, 1864) (Greece to Turkmenistan); M. sericellus Fairmaire, 1860 (North Africa) and M. beydaghensis Fagel, 1969 (Turkey) (Assing 2004, 2006). None of these species are currently represented on BOLD. Although one or more of these species might share a BIN with M. apicalis, the Ontario specimen has an identical DNA barcode haplotype to specimens from Germany and Austria where M. apicalis is the only known representative of this species group. As the Nearctic fauna of Medon is unrevised, comparisons with North American species are not yet possible. Recognizing this species in the Nearctic region requires dissected males or DNA barcoding.

Figures 17–19. 

17 Medon apicalis (Kraatz) 17A habitus 17B aedeagus, ventral and lateral view, V. Assing 17C male sternite VII, V. Assing 18 Medon ripicola (Kraatz) 18A habitus 18B aedeagus, ventral and lateral view, V. Assing 18C male sternite VII, V. Assing 19 Pseudomedon obscurellus (Erichson) 19A habitus 19B aedeagus, lateral view, V. Assing 19C male sternite VIII, V. Assing. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (17A; 18A; 19A), 0.2 mm (17B, C; 18B, C; 19B, C).

Native to the western Palaearctic region, widespread in Europe and also reported from Algeria, Morocco, Turkey, and Madeira (Schülke and Smetana 2015). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Nova Scotia, Canada).

Nova Scotia: Cape Breton Highlands National Park, 10-May-2013 to 21-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG).

Body length: 3.7–4.2 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 18A. Male sternite VII as in Fig. 18C. Aedeagus as in Fig. 18B.

This species is rarely collected in the Palaearctic, with its breeding microhabitat unknown (probably in deeper litter or mammal burrows). In Central Europe, specimens have been collected mostly in wetlands (floodplains, ponds), in flood debris, mole nests, and deeper deciduous leaf litter (Assing 2012). Palm (1963) wrote that this species was rarely collected in Scandinavia: once in Sweden under pebbles on the seashore and in Denmark under seaweed. Its occasional but typical appearance near water suggests that heavy rains may flood out the breeding microhabitat and deposit the beetles elsewhere (e.g., flood debris). The collection of M. ripicola on northern European seashores suggests a potential mechanism for introduction to the Canadian Maritimes through ocean commerce. The Canadian specimen was collected with a Malaise trap in a riverside forest.

A single female voucher from Canada was available for study and, while males would normally be necessary to confirm a positive identification in Medon by morphology, its barcode sequence clustered within the European material of M. ripicola with only two nucleotide sites differing from the nearest European specimen. All similar Palaearctic species that could be confused with M. ripicola (M. apicalis (Kraatz, 1857), M. brunneus (Erichson, 1839), M. fusculus (Mannerheim, 1830)) are represented in BOLD in separate BIN clusters. The female voucher was also morphologically compared to representatives of all Palaearctic Medon species and was consistent with the body proportions, punctation and color of M. ripicola. As the Nearctic fauna of Medon is unrevised, useful comparisons with North American species are not yet possible. Recognizing this species in the Nearctic region is reliably accomplished, at present, using dissected males or DNA barcoding.

Native to the western Palaearctic region, widespread in Europe and also reported from Algeria, Morocco, Madeira, Tunisia, Cyprus, and Turkey (Schülke and Smetana 2015). Adventive in the Neotropical region (Chile; Assing 2009) and the Nearctic region (Nova Scotia, Canada).

Nova Scotia: Cape Breton Highlands National Park, 07-Jun-2013 to 24-Jun-2013 (1 ex, CBG).

Body length: 3.0–3.4 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 19A. Male sternite VIII as in Fig. 19C. Aedeagus as in Fig. 19B.

This species inhabits wetlands and can be collected from rotting organic matter (Assing 2012). The Canadian specimen was collected at the same site and in the same Malaise trap as the M. ripicola specimen.

A single female voucher from Canada was available for study and, while males would normally be necessary to confirm a positive identification in Pseudomedon, its barcode sequence is identical to German specimens of P. obscurellus. The morphologically similar Palaearctic species P. obsoletus forms a separate BIN cluster (BOLD:ABY0636 ). The female voucher from Canada also was consistent with the typical coloration of P. obscurellus given by Assing (2012). As the Nearctic fauna of Pseudomedon is unrevised, comparisons with North American species are not yet possible. Recognizing this species in the Nearctic region is reliably accomplished, at present, using dissected males or DNA barcoding.

Due to taxonomic confusion until the 1970s, reports of Pseudomedon obscurellus and P. obsoletus from regions outside of the Palaearctic need re-confirmation (Assing 2009, Klimaszewski et al. 2013). The record of P. obsoletus from British Columbia from Hatch (1957) is doubtful and likely refers to P. obscurellus as it was described as being partly dark rufous, a color more typically associated with this species (Assing 2012). To our knowledge, this is the first verified record of any Palaearctic Pseudomedon species from the Nearctic.

Native to North America. Occurs across most of the Mississippi River drainage basin in the United States (Luginbill and Painter 1953).

Ontario: Point Pelee National Park, 05-Jun-2008 (1 ex, CBG).

(partially based on Luginbill and Painter 1953). Body length 14.5–17.0 mm. Dorsal surface pale to dark brown, moderately shiny (not pruinose or iridescent), glabrous, and without scales. Clypeus emarginate. Antennae with nine antennomeres. See Luginbill and Painter (1953) for images of habitus and genitalia.

Adults have been observed on numerous plants including Tilia L., Fagus L., Betula L., Ulmus L., Lonicera L., Acer L., Platanus L., Rosa L., Juglans L., Salix L. and cultivated legumes (Luginbill and Painter 1953). The Canadian specimen was collected in a mixed forest close to the shore of Lake Erie using an ultraviolet light.

It is not surprising to find a range extension of this species into Canada considering the widespread distribution in eastern North America and the apparent broad range of host plants. Since only a single specimen was collected in Canada it is difficult to assess how firmly established this species is. There are hundreds of species of Phyllophaga with a similar overall appearance; therefore, it is crucial to use the male or female genitalia for morphological species identifications.

Native to the Palaearctic region, widespread in Central Europe and around the Mediterranean (Endrödy-Younga 1961, Löbl 2006). Adventive in the Afrotropical region (South Africa), the Australian region (Australia) (Endrödy-Younga 1974) and in the Nearctic region (British Columbia, Canada).

British Columbia: Abbotsford, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Vancouver, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Victoria, 03-Sep-2014 to 10-Sep-2014 (1 ex, CBG).

(based on Endrödy-Younga 1961). Body length 1.1–1.6 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 20A. Red-brown, with the edges of pronotum and elytra paler. The antennal groove forms a continuous and even curve with the side of the frons in front of the eyes. Lateral edges of pronotum bluntly angled. Pubescence on the dorsal surface long and sparse. Elytra angled apicolaterally and truncate at the hind margin. Aedeagus as in Fig. 20B.

This species is known from decaying plant material. It has been collected from dead, fungus-infested logs of deciduous trees, leaf litter, composts, moldy hay, etc. (Koch 1989b). The Canadian specimens were collected with Malaise traps in residential areas.

Calyptomerus oblongulus (Mannerheim, 1853) is the only other representative of this genus known from North America. It is larger than C. dubius (body length 1.8–2.0 mm), with a rounded angle between the antennal groove and the lateral margin of frons, rounded lateral edges of pronotum, evenly curved (not truncate) elytral hind margins, shorter and denser pubescence on the dorsal surface, and different male genitalia (Endrödy-Younga 1961).

Figures 20, 21. 

20 Calyptomerus dubius (Marsham) 20A habitus, L. Borowiec 20B aedeagus, dorsal view 21 Clambus simsoni Blackburn 21A habitus 21B aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (20A; 21A), 0.2 mm (20B), 0.1 mm (21B).

Native to the Australian region. Described from Australia, where the species is widespread and common (Endrödy-Younga 1990). Also recorded from New Zealand (Johnson 1997). Adventive in the Afrotropical region (South Africa), the Palaearctic region (British Isles and Central Europe; Endrödy-Younga 1990, Johnson 1997, Meybohm 2004, Löbl 2006), and the Nearctic region (British Columbia, Canada).

British Columbia: West Vancouver, 20-Apr-2015 to 08-May-2015 (1 ex, CBG).

(based on Endrödy-Younga 1990 and Johnson 1997). Body length 1.0–1.2 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 21A. Pale red-brown, with head and anterior part of pronotum darkened. Lateral angles of head narrowly rounded, rectangular, a line drawn between the angles level with the posterior margin of eyes. Dorsal surface without microsculpture. Apical part of elytra with large punctures. Pubescence of elytra relatively long and sparse, individual setae only a little longer than distance between seta-bearing punctures. Aedeagus as in Fig. 21B, penis finely serrate laterally in the apical quarter.

This species is known from decaying plant material. It has been collected from heaps of cut grass, heaps of shredded bark, and (in New Zealand) from tree fungi (Johnson 1997). The Canadian specimen was collected with a Malaise trap in a suburban residential area.

Morphologically, Clambus simsoni is most reliably identified by its characteristic male genitalia. The Canadian specimen is a male which shares an identical barcode sequence with a specimen sampled from Germany. In Endrödy-Younga’s (1981) key to the New World species of Clambus, C. simsoni leads to C. spangleri Endrödy-Younga in couplet 14. Clambus simsoni is slightly larger (C. spangleri is 0.8–0.9 mm according to Endrödy-Younga), and the pubescence on the dorsal surface is sparser than in C. spangleri.

Native to North America. Previously known only from the United States, where the species is known from areas near Lake Tahoe in California (Fall 1901). CNC has additional specimens collected in northern Oregon and near Lake Tahoe in Nevada.

(DNA barcoded specimen). British Columbia: Gulf Islands National Park Reserve, 30-May-2014 to 08-Jun-2014 (1 ex, CBG).

British Columbia: Parksville, 11-Apr-2018 (1 ex, CNC).

(based on Brown 1936). Body length 9.0–11.2 mm. Antennae with antennomeres 3 and 5 of equal length. Pronotum black, with pubescence pale except for two to circular patches of dark setae on each side. Elytra red-brown with pale setae, with band of darker setae surrounding scutellar shield and three angulate transverse bands of dark setae extending from suture to epipleura.

Pseudanostirus tigrinus has been collected by beating Pseudotsuga Carrière on a grassy hillside with Quercus garryana Douglas ex Hook. trees. Other specimens have been collected in Malaise and funnel traps also in semi-open woodland with Arbutus L. and Pseudotsuga trees in warm-summer Mediterranean climate areas. The barcoded specimen was collected with a Malaise trap in a coastal mixed forest.

This species was described as Corymbites tigrinus Fall, 1901. Brown (1936) placed this species in Ludius Berthold, 1827 as Ludius tigrinus (Fall, 1901), part of the L. triundulatus species group. Lane (1948) found that Ludius Eschscholtz, 1829 was a synonym of Elater Linnaeus, 1758 and transferred all North American Ludius to Ctenicera Latreille, 1829. Johnson (2002) indicated that all species of Brown’s triundulatus group should be transferred to Pseudanostirus but did not formally present any new combinations. This combination has not been used previously in the scientific literature. Therefore the resulting combination Pseudanostirus tigrinus (Fall, 1901) is used here for the first time.

Pseudanostirus tigrinus is similar to P. nebraskensis (Bland, 1863). Its independent placement in a separate BIN cluster supports the validity of P. tigrinus.

Previously only recorded from the Palaearctic region. A northern species, found in Norway, Sweden, and Finland, and across the northern Palaearctic to the Russian Far East and Japan (Hokkaido) (Kazantsev and Brancucci 2007; Silfverberg 2010; Rassi et al. 2015). Probably Holarctic and previously overlooked in North America.

Yukon Territory: Ivvavik National Park, 17-Jun-2014 to 23-Jun-2014 (3 exx CBG); Ivvavik National Park, 23-Jun-2014 to 29-Jun-2014 (16 exx, CBG).

(based on Kazantsev 1998). Body length 7–10 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 27A. Dark brown to black, basal antennomeres, mandibles and usually clypeus (at least at the margins) yellow. Legs variably yellow, usually at least the profemora yellow. Third antennomere in males ca. 1.5 times as long as the second. Pronotum as wide as long or slightly wider than long, with sides concave before acute hind angles. All tarsal claws in both sexes with a broad, blunt basal tooth, no claws deeply cleft. Aedeagus as in Fig. 27B−D, with dorsal plate with apical notch.

In Northern Finland, this species is found both above and below the treeline, usually in wetlands (MP, pers. obs.). The Canadian specimens were collected with a Malaise trap on tundra close to the Arctic treeline.

The remote arctic collecting locality suggests that this species is more likely to be Holarctic than adventive from the Palaearctic region. The legs and basal antennomeres of the Canadian specimens are darker and the body length is slightly smaller compared to North European material we examined (including the DNA barcoded Finnish specimens with which the Canadian specimens share the BIN cluster). The male genitalia and shape of the pronotum show no differences between the European and Canadian specimens. Based on the identification keys, descriptions and figures by Fall (1927) and Fender (1961), D. lapponicus closely resembles D. piniphilus (Eschscholtz, 1830). The tarsal claw formula is the same and the shape of the pronotum is very similar in both species. The dorsal plate of the aedeagus has an apical notch in D. lapponicus (as in Fig. 27B), whereas in D. piniphilus it is apically truncate or subtruncate. The clypeus of D. lapponicus is usually yellow at least at the margins. The yellow color is more extensive in males in the material we have seen, and only faint red-brown spots are visible on the clypeus of some female specimens. The clypeus is black in D. piniphilus. Pelletier and Hébert (2014) state that D. lapponicus resembles D. perplexus (W.J. Brown, 1940), which is known from across boreal and arctic Canada, but D. perplexus is smaller (body length 5.0–6.5 mm) and has a different tarsal claw formula.

Figures 27, 28. 

27 Dichelotarsus lapponicus (Gyllenhal) 27A habitus 27B aedeagus, ventral view (everted endophallus removed) 27C aedeagus, lateral view (everted endophallus removed) 27D endophallus, lateral view 28 Malthodes pumilus (Brébisson), habitus, L. Borowiec. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (27A), 0.5 mm (27B–D), 0.3 mm (28).

Native to the Palaearctic region. Widespread in Europe, also recorded from Iran and Turkey (Kazantsev and Brancucci 2007). Adventive in the Nearctic region (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland, Canada).

British Columbia: Mount Revelstoke National Park, 19-Jun-2014 to 26-Jun-2014 (15 exx, CBG); Mount Revelstoke National Park, 04-Jul-2014 to 09-Jul-2014 (22 exx, CBG); New Afton Mine, 06-Jun-2013 to 13-Jun-2013 (4 exx, CBG); New Afton Mine, 20-Jun-2013 to 27-Jun-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Vancouver, 03-Jun-2014 to 10-Jun-2014 (4 exx, CBG); Vancouver, 17-Jun-2014 to 24-Jun-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Yoho National Park, 25-Jun-2014 to 07-Jul-2014 (1 ex, CBG). Alberta: Banff National Park, 17-Jun-2012 (1 ex, CBG); Banff National Park, 19-Jun-2012 (1 ex, CBG); Banff National Park, 15-Jun-2012 to 20-Jun-2012 (1 ex, CBG); Elk Island National Park, 22-Jun-2012 to 29-Jun-2012 (1 ex, CBG); Elk Island National Park, 01-Jul-2012 (1 ex, CBG); Elk Island National Park, 02-Jul-2012 (1 ex, CBG); Elk Island National Park, 29-Jun-2012 to 03-Jul-2012 (17 exx, CBG); Elk Island National Park, 06-Jul-2012 to 13-Jul-2012 (8 exx, CBG); Jasper National Park, 04-Jul-2012 to 11-Jul-2012 (1 ex, CBG); Waterton Lakes National Park, 27-Jun-2012 to 04-Jul-2012 (3 exx, CBG); Waterton Lakes National Park, 10-Jul-2012 to 17-Jul-2012 (4 exx, CBG); Waterton Lakes National Park, 17-Jul-2012 to 24-Jul-2012 (3 exx, CBG). Saskatchewan: Grasslands National Park, 29-Jun-2014 to 08-Jul-2014 (3 exx, CBG). Manitoba: Riding Mountain National Park, 02-Jul-2012 to 09-Jul-2012 (10 exx, CBG). Ontario: Algonquin Provincial Park, 01-Jul-2014 to 15-Jul-2014 (2 exx, CBG); Bayview Escarpment Provincial Park, 29-May-2014 to 12-Jun-2014 (6 exx, CBG); Bayview Escarpment Provincial Park, 26-Jun-2014 to 10-Jul-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Bruce Peninsula National Park, 21-Jun-2012 to 28-Jun-2012 (2 exx, CBG); Bruce Peninsula National Park, 28-Jun-2012 to 07-Jul-2012 (3 exx, CBG); Bruce Peninsula National Park, 05-Jul-2012 to 12-Jul-2012 (3 exx, CBG); Bruce Peninsula National Park, 12-Jul-2012 to 18-Jul-2012 (2 exx, CBG); Elizabethtown-Kitley, 02-Jun-2010 to 04-Jun-2010 (1 ex, CBG); Elizabethtown-Kitley, 04-Jun-2010 to 06-Jun-2010 (1 ex, CBG); Elizabethtown-Kitley, 06-Jun-2010 to 08-Jun-2010 (1 ex, CBG); Elizabethtown-Kitley, 12-Jun-2010 to 14-Jun-2010 (1 ex, CBG); Elizabethtown-Kitley, 15-Jun-2011 to 20-Jun-2011 (2 exx, CBG); Frontenac Provincial Park, 05-Jun-2014 to 19-Jun-2014 (3 exx, CBG); Georgian Bay Islands National Park, 04-Jun-2013 to 11-Jun-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Georgian Bay Islands National Park, 11-Jun-2013 to 18-Jun-2013 (7 exx, CBG); Georgian Bay Islands National Park, 18-Jun-2013 to 26-Jun-2013 (6 exx, CBG); Guelph, 19-Jun-2015 to 26-Jun-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Hartington, 30-May-2017 (1 ex, CBG); Hartington, 13-Jun-2017 (2 exx, CBG); Hartington, 28-Jun-2017 (1 ex, CBG); Inverhuron Provincial Park, 25-Jun-2014 to 09-Jul-2014 (4 exx, CBG); Lion`s Head Provincial Park, 26-Jun-2014 to 10-Jul-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Lower Madawaska River Provincial Park, 02-Jul-2014 to 16-Jul-2014 (2 exx, CBG); Murphy`s Point Provincial Park, 05-Jun-2014 to 19-Jun-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Peterborough, 24-May-2015 to 30-May-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Peterborough, 07-Jun-2015 to 13-Jun-2015 (2 exx, CBG); Pinery Provincial Park, 25-Jun-2014 to 09-Jul-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Puslinch Township, 05-Jun-2010 to 12-Jun-2010 (1 ex, CBG); Rouge National Urban Park, 03-Jun-2013 to 09-Jun-2013 (2 exx, CBG); Sandbanks Provincial Park, 05-Jun-2014 to 19-Jun-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Short Hills Provincial Park, 26-May-2014 to 09-Jun-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Sudbury, 08-Jun-2010 (1 ex, CBG); Thousand Islands National Park, 01-Jun-2012 to 08-Jun-2012 (1 ex, CBG); Thousand Islands National Park, 08-Jun-2012 to 15-Jun-2012 (5 exx, CBG); Thousand Islands National Park, 15-Jun-2012 to 22-Jun-2012 (3 exx, CBG). Quebec: Forillon National Park, 05-Jul-2013 to 15-Jul-2013 (4 exx, CBG); Forillon National Park, 15-Jul-2013 to 22-Jul-2013 (6 exx, CBG); Forillon National Park, 22-Jul-2013 to 30-Jul-2013 (4 exx, CBG); Forillon National Park, 28-Jun-2013 to 05-Jul-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve, 02-Jul-2013 to 09-Jul-2013 (1 ex, CBG). New Brunswick: Fundy National Park, 18-Jun-2013 to 25-Jun-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Fundy National Park, 02-Jul-2013 to 09-Jul-2013 (22 exx, CBG); Fundy National Park, 09-Jul-2013 to 16-Jul-2013 (33 exx, CBG); Fundy National Park, 16-Jul-2013 to 23-Jul-2013 (8 exx, CBG). Nova Scotia: Cape Breton Highlands National Park, 14-Jul-2013 to 19-Jul-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Cape Breton Highlands National Park, 19-Jul-2013 to 26-Jul-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Kejimkujik National Park, 13-Jun-2013 to 20-Jun-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Kejimkujik National Park, 27-Jun-2013 to 05-Jul-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Sable Island National Park Reserve, 01-Jul-2014 to 14-Jul-2014 (3 exx, CBG). Prince Edward Island: Prince Edward Island National Park, 03-Jul-2013 to 10-Jul-2013 (1 ex, CBG). Newfoundland: Gros Morne National Park, 12-Jul-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Gros Morne National Park, 09-Jul-2013 to 16-Jul-2013 (109 exx, CBG); Gros Morne National Park, 09-Jul-2013 to 20-Jul-2013 (24 exx, CBG); Gros Morne National Park, 10-Jul-2013 to 20-Jul-2013 (6 exx, CBG); Gros Morne National Park, 23-Jul-2013 to 30-Jul-2013 (25 exx, CBG); Gros Morne National Park, 06-Aug-2013 to 13-Aug-2013 (2 exx, CBG); Terra Nova National Park, 25-Jun-2013 to 02-Jul-2013 (4 exx, CBG); Terra Nova National Park, 09-Jul-2013 to 16-Jul-2013 (37 exx, CBG); Terra Nova National Park, 24-Jul-2013 to 30-Jul-2013 (3 exx, CBG).

(based on Wittmer 1979). Body length 1.3–1.5 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 28. Unicolorous dark brown to black, tarsi slightly paler. Mandibles with a finely serrate additional tooth on the inner surface. Male with the last ventrite long and narrow, deeply emarginate (almost to the middle), last visible tergite likewise deeply emarginate.

In Europe, this eurytopic species is usually found in dry, warm habitats such as exposed forest edges, dry meadows etc. (Koch 1989b). The larvae probably live in dead wood as predators (Koch 1989b). The Canadian specimens were collected in a variety of habitats, mainly forests, and mainly in Malaise traps.

The minute size distinguishes this species from all other Canadian species of Malthodes except for M. parvulus (LeConte, 1851) (Fender 1951, Pelletier and Hébert 2014). Malthodes parvulus is paler, with the first two antennomeres, pronotum, elytra and legs yellow (Pelletier and Hébert 2014). The structure of the terminal abdominal segments in males is also quite different between these species (see Fender (1951) or Pelletier and Hébert (2014) for figures of M. parvulus). However, all morphologically examined Canadian specimens of M. pumilus were females. It is probably a mainly parthenogenetic species, as males are rare in Europe as well (Wittmer 1979). The genitalia and modifications of the terminal abdominal segments of males are often crucial for morphological identification of Malthodes species (Fender 1951; Wittmer 1970). The extreme scarcity of males for morphological diagnosis combined with the lack of recent taxonomic work on the genus in North America probably explains why M. pumilus has remained undetected despite being apparently widespread and common across Canada.

Native to the Afrotropical region. Adventive in the Palaearctic region, first recorded from Europe in the 1960s (misidentified under various species names), distribution expanded in recent decades (Stengaard Hansen et al. 2012). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Toronto, 19-Jul-2016 (3 exx, CBG).

(based on Peacock 1979, Halstead 1981, and Kalik 1992). Body length 2.3–4.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 29A, B. Dark brown to black with yellow pubescence, elytra red-brown in males, usually paler yellow-brown in females. Antennae and legs red-brown or yellow-brown. Male antennomere 11 slightly curved at the base, ca. four times longer than wide and ca. four times as long as the combined length of antennomeres 9 and 10. Female antennal club elongate, last antennomere not modified, ovoid. Propleurotrochantin exposed. Anterior ventral carina of mesofemur prominent and sharp, posterior carina weakly developed. Metacoxa reaching metepimeron.

This species is recorded from the nests of the Little swift (Apus affinis (J.E. Gray, 1830)) in Kenya (Peacock 1979). It is an indoor pest of various materials of animal origin in Europe (Stengaard Hansen et al. 2012). The Canadian specimens (two larvae and one adult female) were collected in an apartment in Toronto.

Vernacularly known as the brown carpet beetle. The coloration makes this species quite distinctive among Attagenus species recorded from Canada. Presence of adults and larvae in a home suggest establishment in Canada. It is unknown how large or viable Canadian populations of this species are.

Figure 29. 

Attagenus smirnovi Zhantiev, habitus, L. Borowiec A male B female. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Native to the Palaearctic region (Asia). Adventive in the western Palaearctic region, recorded in Europe at least from Austria, Denmark, Germany, and France (Denux and Zagatti 2010). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Arkansas, Massachusetts, Maryland, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, United States (Esser 2017), and Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Ailsa Craig, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Dunnville, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG); London, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (2 exx, CBG); Orillia, 20-Apr-2015 to 08-May-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Peterborough, 05-Jul-2015 to 11-Jul-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Port Rowan, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (2 exx, CBG); Scarborough, 20-Apr-2015 to 08-May-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Whitby, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (5 exx, CBG).

(based on Esser 2016). Body length ca. 2.5 mm. Color red-brown with more-or-less extensive black markings on the elytra, usually a transverse black band or black lateral spots. Lateral margins of pronotum rounded, more abruptly narrowed basally, concave just in front of the sharp, approximately right-angled hind angles. Meso- and metatibiae bent inwards in males. Parameres relatively shorter than in the other two species recorded from North America. For habitus and genital figures, see Esser (2016) and Jens Esser’s homepage: http://cryptophagidae.de/Cryptophilus-Erotylidae-pleasing-fungus-beetles/

This species has been collected from heaps of compost and garden waste in Germany (Franzen 1991). The Canadian specimens were collected with Malaise traps, mainly from suburban residential areas.

Esser (2017) reported Cryptophilus obliteratus from the United States and synonymized Cryptophilus seriatus Casey, 1924 (described from Massachusetts) with it. This species has obviously been present in North America for a long time, and Canadian records older than those reported here may well be found in collections.

This species was confused with Cryptophilus angustus (Rosenhauer, 1856) under the name Cryptophilus integer (Heer, 1841) until recently. Therefore, its distribution is not yet very well known. Cryptophilus propinquus was described from Japan, and has been recorded at least from Germany, India, Italy, Turkey, and the United States (Esser 2016, 2017). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, and Wisconsin, United States (Esser 2017), and British Columbia and Ontario, Canada).

British Columbia: Victoria, 25-Jun-2014 to 02-Jul-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Victoria, 23-Jul-2014 to 30-Jul-2014 (2 exx, CBG). Ontario: Cambridge, 04-Jun-2015 to 11-Jun-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Guelph, 15-Jul-2010 to 01-Aug-2010 (1 ex, CBG); Guelph, 17-Sep-2017 (2 exx, CBG); Rouge National Urban Park, 15-Sep-2013 (1 ex, CBG).

(based on Esser 2016). Body length ca. 2 mm. Red-brown without black markings on the elytra. Sides of pronotum evenly rounded in dorsal view, no concavity before blunt hind angles. Meso- and metatibiae dilated distally, sometimes with a blunt angle on the dorsal edge in males, but not bent ventrad in either sex. Parameres relatively longer than in C. obliteratus, but shorter than in C. angustus. For habitus and genital figures, see Esser (2016) and Jens Esser’s homepage: http://cryptophagidae.de/Cryptophilus-Erotylidae-pleasing-fungus-beetles/

This species is found in decaying plant material, e.g., in compost heaps (Koch 1989b, Ruta et al. 2011). The DNA barcoded Canadian specimens were collected in Malaise traps in suburban residential areas, in pitfall traps in forest fragments, and by sifting compost heaps.

Cryptophilus integer (Heer, 1841) is listed as occurring in Canada by (Bousquet et al. 2013), but Esser (2016, 2017) discovered that the name is not valid and refers specimens identified as C. integer to two different species: C. propinquus Reitter, 1874 and C. angustus (Rosenhauer, 1856) (= C. simplex (Wollaston, 1857)). Esser (2017) reported that both of these species occur in the Nearctic region but listed no records from Canada for either species. We found only C. propinquus among the DNA barcoded Canadian specimens, but not C. angustus.

Native to North America. Described from Illinois (Park 1929), also recorded from Iowa (Downie and Arnett 1996).

Ontario: Rouge National Urban Park, 18-Jun-2013 to 25-Jun-2013 (1 ex, CBG).

(based on Park (1929)). Body length 1.8–2.0 mm. More or less uniformly red-brown, with legs, antennae, and medial part of elytra paler. Lateral margins of pronotum serrate, sublateral carinae absent. Posterior of pronotum with two deep foveae connected by a distinct basal groove.

Park (1929) collected the type specimens from decaying fruiting bodies of the polypore fungus Climacodon septentrionalis (Fr.) P. Karst. in a sugar maple forest. The Canadian specimen was caught with a Malaise trap in a patch of forest.

Native and widespread in the Palaearctic region. Recorded from North Africa and all of Europe to the Russian Far East and Japan (Audisio 1993; Jelínek and Audisio 2007) One of the most common and abundant species of the genus in Europe (Audisio 1993). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Guelph, 01-Nov-2009 (1 ex, CBG); Guelph, 22-Apr-2017 (1 ex, CBG); Guelph, 06-Jun-2018 (3 exx, CBG); Guelph, 30-Jun-2018 (1 ex, CBG); Rouge National Urban Park, 03-Jun-2013 to 09-Jun-2013 (1 ex, CBG).

(based on Audisio 1993). Body length 2.3–3.2 mm. Habitus elongate, subparallel, rather flattened (Fig. 32A). Color variable, body, legs, and antennae usually yellowish or red-brown, pronotum and elytra often laterally paler, antennal club usually darkened. Elytra variably darkened, with a rounded dark spot on each elytron at the apical third, or with more extensive, irregular but symmetric dark patterns. Antennae with club ca. 1.5 times as long as wide. Head with subcircular, moderately impressed punctation, punctures approximately the size of the ommatidia, separated by 0.5–0.6 times their diameter, interspace with fine microsculpture. Punctures on pronotum and elytra slightly larger, but with similar microsculpture and relative distance between them. Pronotum 1.45–1.65 times as wide as long, broadest in the basal third, abruptly narrowed towards the protruding hind angles, anterior edge with a deep, wide, trapezoidal emargination. Elytral apices separately broadly rounded. Metaventrite with a wide V-shaped emargination at the hind edge. Male mesotibia distally slightly widened, with a small tooth at the inner margin (Fig. 32B). Female mesotibia unmodified. Male genitalia as in Fig. 32C−E.

This species occurs in decaying and fermenting organic material (e.g., fruit, fruiting bodies of fungi, tree sap), under the bark of dead trees etc., probably feeding on the microbes decomposing these materials (Audisio 1993). Often found in anthropogenic habitats such as orchards, cultivated fields, and garbage dumps (Audisio 1993). The Canadian specimens were collected by sifting a compost heap in a suburban backyard, in a Malaise trap in a residential area, and in pitfall traps at a riverside in Rouge National Urban Park.

The lack of a modern revision of North American Epuraea prevents detailed comparison to other Canadian species at the moment. Epuraea unicolor can be reliably separated by DNA barcodes from all other Palaearctic and Nearctic Epuraea species sampled so far. The diagnostic information above, in particular the male mesotibia and genitalia, should allow morphological identification.

Figure 32. 

Epuraea unicolor (Olivier) A habitus, L. Borowiec B male mesotibia C penis D parameres, ventral view E parameres, lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A), 0.2 mm (B–E).

Native to the Palaearctic region. Widespread in Europe, also recorded from Siberia and the Russian Far East (Kovář 2007). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Hamilton, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (1 ex, CBG); Mississauga, 19-Sep-2016 to 30-Sep-2016 (3 exx, CBG); Windsor, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (1 ex, CBG).

(based on Fürsch 1967 and Gordon 1985). Body length 4–5 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 33A. Black, shiny, with a single rounded or slightly transverse orange-red macula on each elytron, abdomen laterally and apically orange, medial part of first ventrite black. Pronotum without distinct microsculpture on disc. Male genitalia as in Fig. 33B, C.

The main habitat in Europe is broadleaf forest, and the preferred prey are scale insects, in particular Chionaspis salicis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Koch 1989b). The Canadian specimens were collected with Malaise traps in suburban residential areas.

Chilocorus kuwanae Silvestri, 1909, an East Asian species introduced to the United States and recorded from across the country (Gordon 1985; Hendrickson et al. 1991), was recently synonymized with C. renipustulatus by Bieńkowski (2018). According to Bieńkowski, male genitalia are similar throughout the distribution areas of both species. However, Bieńkowski did not study any type material. One of the Canadian specimens shares an identical barcode haplotype with specimens of C. renipustulatus from Germany and Finland, others are slightly divergent (p-distance to European material varies from 0.006 to 0.015). Unfortunately, no barcode data are available for C. kuwanae. No Canadian records have been previously published under either name.

Chilocorus renipustulatus is externally very similar to Chilocorus stigma (Say, 1835) and its closest relatives. It can be distinguished using the male genitalia and microsculpture of the pronotum. In C. stigma and allied species, the interspace between punctures on the disc of the pronotum is covered by finely engraved, netlike microsculpture. In C. renipustulatus, the interspace is smooth and shiny, with no visible microsculpture on disc. The orange maculae on the elytra are more transverse in C. renipustulatus than in C. stigma in the examined DNA barcoded Canadian material of these species, but the maculae are known to vary in size and shape in C. renipustulatus (Bieńkowski, 2018).

Figures 33, 34. 

33 Chilocorus renipustulatus (Scriba) 33A habitus, L. Borowiec 33B median lobe (penis guide) and parameres, ventral view 33C penis (sipho), tip in lateral view 34 Nephus bisignatus (Boheman) 34A habitus, S. Karjalainen 34B median lobe (penis guide) and parameres, lateral view 34C penis (sipho), tip in lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (33A), 0.5 mm (33B; 34A), 0.2 mm (33C; 34B), 0.1 mm (34C).

Previously known only from Europe, where the species is more common in the north and rather sporadic in the central and southern parts (Fürsch 1965; Kovář 2007; Silfverberg 2010; Rassi et al. 2015). Probably Holarctic and previously overlooked in North America.

Nunavut: Kugluktuk, 25-Jun-2010 (1 ex, CNC); Kugluktuk, 01-Jul-2010 (1 ex, CNC); Kugluktuk, 11-Jul-2010 (1 ex, CNC); Kugluktuk, 13-Jul-2010 (1 ex, CNC).

(based on Fürsch 1965, 1967, 1987). Body length 1.5–2.0 mm. Habitus elongate-oval (Fig. 34A). Black, with the anterior edge of the pronotum and often the apical edge of the elytra narrowly brown. Each elytron with a single small, obscurely delimited red-brown spot close to the apex, sometimes very faintly visible. Antennae with nine antennomeres. Pronotum very finely punctate, with strong, netlike microsculpture. Postcoxal lines on first abdominal ventrite briefly parallel to the hind margin of the ventrite at the middle, with the apices curved forward laterally. Male genitalia as in Fig. 34B, C.

Nephus bisignatus prefers open, usually sandy habitats in Europe (Koch 1989b). The Canadian specimens were collected in mesic tundra with yellow pan and pitfall traps.

Nephus bisignatus belongs to subgenus Bipunctatus Fürsch, 1987, which is characterized by having only nine antennomeres (Fürsch 1987). All the previously recorded Canadian species have either ten or eleven antennomeres (Gordon 1976, 1985). The remote collecting localities in the arctic tundra indicate that this species is probably Holarctic and previously overlooked in North America rather than adventive from the Palaearctic region. Two subspecies are known from Europe (Kovář 2007), but we refrain from assigning the Canadian specimens to any subspecies. Among the Nearctic fauna, N. bisignatus resembles N. georgei (Weise, 1929), but has a narrower body outline and usually smaller and less conspicuous elytral spots. Nephus georgei also has ten antennomeres instead of nine. Gordon (1976) notes that specimens of N. georgei from the northern parts of the Northwest Territories are smaller and narrower compared to specimens from southern Canada and northern United States, and that the pale color pattern of the elytra is reduced in the northern specimens. Based on these notes, the arctic specimens of N. georgei may actually represent N. bisignatus and need to be re-examined.

Native to the Palaearctic region, widespread across Eurasia from western Europe to the Russian Far East (Kovář 2007). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario and Nova Scotia, Canada).

Ontario: Barrie, 22-Apr-2013 to 03-May-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Burlington, 21-Jul-2017 (1 ex, CBG); Guelph, 06-Jun-2013 to 13-Jun-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Guelph, 20-Jun-2013 to 27-Jun-2013 (2 exx, CBG); Guelph, 01-Aug-2013 to 08-Aug-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Guelph, 15-Aug-2013 to 22-Aug-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Mississauga, 15-Sep-2015 to 17-Sep-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Mississauga, 19-Sep-2016 to 30-Sep-2016 (3 exx, CBG); Toronto, 19-Jun-2017 to 27-Jun-2017 (1 ex, CBG). Nova Scotia: Berwick, 20-Apr-2015 to 08-May-2015 (1 ex, CBG).

(based on Fürsch 1967). Body length 1.8–2.3 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 35A, B. Color sexually dimorphic. Male: head, pronotum (apart from a black mediobasal spot), and legs yellow, otherwise black. Female: almost completely black with only the mouthparts, labrum and legs yellow. Femora often darkened. Postcoxal lines on 1^st abdominal ventrite reaching the hind edge of the ventrite. Male genitalia as in Fig. 35C−E.

This species prefers dry, warm habitats in Europe and is found mainly on Brassicaceae, occasionally on trees and bushes (Koch 1989b). Most Canadian specimens were collected with Malaise traps in suburban areas.

Scymnus rubromaculatus leads to the couplets separating Scymnus americanus Mulsant, 1850, S. apicanus Chapin, 1973 and S. paracanus Chapin, 1973 in Gordon’s keys to North American Scymnus (Gordon 1976, 1985). In S. rubromaculatus, the dorsal surface is more densely punctate and pubescent than in those three species, the hind margin of the elytra is slightly or not paler than the elytral disc, and the female has no pale markings on head (apart from labrum and mouthparts) or pronotum. The male genitalia differ: the apical hook of the penis (sipho), which is typical for S. americanus and related species, is absent in S. rubromaculatus.

Figure 35. 

Scymnus rubromaculatus (Goeze) A female habitus, L. Borowiec B male habitus C median lobe (penis guide) and parameres, ventral view D median lobe (penis guide) and parameres, lateral view E penis (sipho), lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm (C, D), 0.5 mm (E).

Native to the Palaearctic region. Widely distributed from Western Europe to Siberia (Bowestead 1999, 2007). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Cambridge, 29-Apr-2015 to 07-May-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Cambridge, 07-May-2015 to 14-May-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Cambridge, 21-May-2015 to 27-May-2015 (1 ex, CBG).

(based on Bowestead 1999). Body length 0.8–1.0 mm. Habitus slightly elongate oval, strongly convex (Fig. 36A). Dark brown to black, antennal base and legs pale, five apical antennomeres dark brown. Pronotum finely punctate, often with a transverse row of larger punctures medioposteriorly, with isodiametric microsculpture throughout. Elytral punctation fine, punctures larger basally, interspaces with similar microsculpture as the pronotum, the microsculpture forming wavy transverse rows of cells especially basally. Sutural striae of elytra present only at the apex. Male metaventrite with an elongate depression medially, and a short median keel behind the depression, distance of the keel from hind edge of metaventrite ca. 1/12 of the length of the metaventrite (Fig. 36B). Aedeagus as in Fig. 36C, D.

This species is mainly known from deciduous forests. It has been collected from a variety of fungus species growing on dead logs, and under the bark of fungus-infested logs (Bowestead 1999, Rutanen 2015). The Canadian specimens were collected with a Malaise trap at the edge of a forest.

This is the second species of Orthoperus recorded as adventive in Canada: the Palaearctic O. atomus (Gyllenhal, 1808) is known from British Columbia in Canada, and Washington and Oregon in the United States (Klimaszewski et al. 2015). Orthoperus corticalis is darker and slightly larger than O. atomus, with stronger punctation on the pronotum and elytral base and denser and more strongly impressed microsculpture (Bowestead 1999). Two native North American species are currently known from Canada: O. scutellaris LeConte, 1878 has small V-shaped scratches on the elytra instead of punctures, and O. suturalis LeConte, 1878 has fine but distinctly impressed sutural striae (only faintly visible close to the elytral apex in O. corticalis) (LeConte 1878, Downie and Arnett 1996).

Native to the Palaearctic region. Widespread in Europe, also recorded from North Africa, and across the region to the Russian Far East and Japan (Nikitsky 2008). Adventive in the Nearctic region (British Columbia, Canada).

British Columbia: Burnaby, 20-Apr-2015 to 08-May-2015 (1 ex, CBG).

(based on Vogt 1967a). Body length 2.4–2.8 mm. Dorsal habitus elongate, sides of elytra almost parallel (Fig. 37A). Black, elytra with transverse, undulating yellow bands at the base and just beyond midlength, and a yellow sutural spot close to the elytral apex. Yellow markings variable, basal band frequently broken into separate spots. Antennomere 8 somewhat wider than long, terminal antennomere approximately as long as wide, structure of the antennal club as in Fig. 37B. Elytra with epipleura concave, descending towards the lateral edge.

This species is found in deciduous and mixed forests in fungus-infested dead wood (Koch 1989b). The Canadian specimen was collected with a Malaise trap in a suburban residential area.

The combination of the elongate and nearly parallel-sided body, color pattern of the elytra and structure of the antennae will distinguish L. connexus from all other Litargus species known from Canada. Parsons (1975) provides diagnoses and illustrations of the native North American species.

Figures 36, 37. 

36 Orthoperus corticalis (Redtenbacher) 36A habitus, L. Borowiec 36B male metaventrite 36C aedeagus, ventral view 36D aedeagus, lateral view 37 Litargus connexus (Geoffroy) 37A habitus, L. Borowiec 37B antenna. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (36A), 0.2 mm (36B–D), 0.5 mm (37A), 0.2 mm (37B).

Native to the Palaearctic region. Recorded across Eurasia from western Europe to the Russian Far East and Japan (Jelínek 2008). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

(barcoded specimens). Ontario: Guelph, 21-Aug-2017 (2 exx, CBG); Guelph, 21-Oct-2017 (2 exx, CBG);

Ontario: Horning’s Mills, 08-Nov-2015 (1 ex, DEBU); Milton, 28-May-2002 (1 ex, DEBU).

(based on Lohse 1967). Body length 2.8–4.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 38A. Dark brown to black (usually darker than in Fig. 38A). Pronotum more than 1.3 times wider than long, with concavities on disc (Fig. 38B). Lateral margins of pronotum widely deplanate and visible throughout in dorsal view. Elytra with dual punctation: larger punctures arranged in irregular rows, with the intervals finely and densely punctate. Elytral vestiture consists of short, stout bristles.

This species feeds on polypore fungi, mainly Trametes species growing on deciduous trees (Koch 1989b, Reibnitz 1999). The barcoded Canadian specimens were collected from polypore fruiting bodies in a mixed forest.

Cis submicans Abeille de Perrin, 1874 (= C. pistoria Casey, 1898) is the only other representative of the mainly Palaearctic C. boleti species group known from North America (Lopes-Andrade et al. 2016). Cis boleti is a robust species, broader and on average larger than C. submicans, with the pronotum at least 1.3 times wider than long. The pronotal disc of C. boleti has indentations on both sides of the midline. These indentations are very shallow in C. submicans. The pronotum is also more densely punctate in C. boleti than in C. submicans.

Figures 38, 39. 

38 Cis boleti (Scopoli) 38A habitus, L. Borowiec 38B pronotum 39A Cis glabratus Mellié, female habitus, L. Borowiec 39B Cis glabratus, male head and pronotum 39C Cis glabratus, aedeagus 39D Cis levettei (Casey), aedeagus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (38A, B; 39A, B), 0.2 mm (39C, D).

Native to the Palaearctic region, widespread in Europe (Jelínek 2008). Common in northern Europe, mainly found in higher elevations in Central Europe (Reibnitz 1999, Rassi et al. 2015). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Nova Scotia, Canada).

Nova Scotia: Cape Breton Highlands National Park, 21-Jul-2009 (1 ex, CBG).

(based on Lohse 1967). Body length 1.5–2.0 mm. Red-brown to dark brown, habitus as in Fig. 39A. Clypeus in male with two large, broad teeth (Fig. 39B). Pronotum widest behind middle, distinctly tapering towards the front angles. Vestiture on pronotum fine and pale. Outer edge of protibia serrated. Male with a large abdominal fovea on 1^st abdominal ventrite. Aedeagus as in Fig. 39C.

The main host fungus in Europe is Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. (Reibnitz 1999). The Canadian specimen was collected in a jack pine forest in Cape Breton Highlands National Park.

Cis glabratus is externally very similar to C. levettei (Casey, 1898) and leads to that species in the key to North American species (Lawrence 1971). The microscopic vestiture of the pronotum is longer and more conspicuous in C. glabratus, but the most reliable morphological differences are in the male genitalia (Fig. 39C, D). Cis levettei forms a separate BIN (BOLD:ACA7530 ) which is more closely clustered to other Palaearctic members of the C. nitidus species group (C. castaneus (Herbst, 1793), C. jacquemartii Mellié, 1848 and C. lineatocribratus Mellié, 1848) than to C. glabratus.

Native to the Nearctic region. Previously recorded at least from Indiana, New York, North Carolina, and Ohio in the United States (Liljeblad 1945; Downie and Arnett 1996).

Ontario: Point Pelee National Park, 27-Jun-2012 to 04-Jul-2012 (5 exx, CBG).

See Liljeblad (1945).

The Canadian specimens were collected with a Malaise trap in a savanna with Opuntia cacti and sparse woody vegetation.

The coloration and the ridges of the hind legs of the Canadian specimens match both the Liljeblad (1945) diagnosis and the photographs of LeConte’s type specimen in the type database of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. Therefore, we consider this record reliable despite the lack of a modern revision of the North American Mordellistena.

Native to the Nearctic region. Previously known from California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, South Dakota, Montana, and Nebraska in the United States (Lord et al. 2011–2013).

(DNA barcoded specimen). Saskatchewan: Grasslands National Park 21-May-2014 to 29-May-2014 (1 ex, CBG).

British Columbia: Aspen Grove, 20-Oct-1936 (5 exx, CNC); Merritt, 04-Jun-1922 (1 ex, CNC); Merritt, 08-Jun-1922 (2 exx, CNC); Merritt, 09-Jun-1922 (6 exx, CNC); Merritt, 10-Jun-1922 (1 ex, CNC); Merritt, 15-Jun-1922 (2 exx, CNC); Merritt, 18-Jun-1922 (1 ex, CNC); Merritt, 14-Sep-1923 (1 ex, CNC); Merritt, 03-Jun-1924 (1 ex, CNC); Merritt, 13-May-1925 (1 ex, CNC); Merritt, 25-Jul-1925 (1 ex, CNC); Olivier, 24-May-1958 (1 ex, CNC); Olivier, 12-Jun-1958 (10 exx, CNC); Olivier, 14-Jun-1958 (6 exx, CNC); Peachland, 19-Jul-1912 (1 ex, CNC); Peachland, 13-Jul-1919 (1 ex, CNC); Summerland, 25-Mar-1932 (16 exx, CNC); Summerland, 24-Sep-1932 (5 exx, CNC); Summerland, 7-Oct-1932 (1 ex, CNC); Summerland, 10-Oct-1932 (116 exx, CNC); Summerland, 11-Oct-1932 (5 exx, CNC); Summerland, 11-Nov-1932 (51 exx, CNC); Exact locality unknown, Sep-1923 (1 ex, CNC). Saskatchewan: Crane Valley, 06-Oct-1914 (1 ex, CNC). Manitoba: Aweme, 25-Jul-1919 (5 exx, CNC); Aweme, 31-Oct-1921 (1 ex, CNC); Onah, 24-Jul-1919 (5 exx, CNC).

(based on Stephan 1989 and Lord et al. 2011–2013). Body length 2.5–2.8 mm. Pronotum with a central concave area covering 1/3 to 1/2 total width of pronotum, concave area bordered laterally by longitudinal raised ridges. Pronotum carinate anteriorly with double “U” shaped anterior margin. Elytral interstriae 5 more raised than other interstriae, forming a median concave area of the elytra typically on posterior half only. See Lord et al. (2011–2013) for a habitus photograph.

Hackwell (1973) reported that this species is associated with galleries of several species of bark beetles where it feeds on both fungi and bark beetles during larval development. Many of the CNC specimens were collected from pine trees (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon, P. monticola Douglas ex D.Don, P. ponderosa Douglas ex C.Lawson). The DNA barcoded Canadian specimen was collected with a Malaise trap in a grassland.

The single DNA barcoded specimen from Saskatchewan (the only member of its BIN, with no closely clustered neighbors) was compared with specimens of this little-studied genus in the CNC. The identification of this specimen using data in Lord et al. (2011–2013) led to the further identification of several other Canadian specimens from British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Examination of specimens collected 100 years ago in three provinces suggests that this species has long been part of the Canadian fauna.

Native to the Nearctic region. Previously known from Georgia and South Carolina in the United States (Bousquet et al. 2018).

Ontario: Point Pelee National Park, 23-Jun-2010 (2 exx, CBG).

(based on Aalbu et al. 2002). Body length 5.5–6.0 mm. Ventral surface of tarsi densely, finely pubescent (Fig. 40A). Male with sternite VIII deeply bilobed apically (Fig. 40B), extending beyond posterior edge of abdominal ventrite 5.

The Canadian specimens were collected with a UV light trap in a meadow patch in deciduous forest.

This species was originally described as the only member of the new genus Tedinus by Casey (1891). Tedinus was included as valid in the key to the genera of Alleculini by Aalbu et al. (2002) where it was separated from species of Isomira Mulsant, 1856 based on the characters listed above. In addition to the new Canadian record, three new U.S. state records were found among the DNA barcoded specimens: Florida: Destin, 25-Mar-1980 (1 ex, CNC). Oklahoma: Willis, 15-Apr-2009 (6 exx, CBG & CNC); Willis, 18-Apr-2009 (1 ex, CNC). Illinois: Pine Hills Field Station, 22-May-1967 (1 ex, CNC).

Figure 40. 

Isomira angusta (Casey) A anterior tarsal pubescence B male sternite 8. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A), 1.0 mm (B).

Native to the Palaearctic region, widespread across the region and common in many parts (Döberl 2010; Konstantinov et al. 2011). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

British Columbia: Kelowna, 22-Sep-2014 to 03-Oct-2014 (2 exx, CBG); Revelstoke, 21-Sep-2015 to 02-Oct-2015 (2 exx, CBG). Ontario: Brampton, 19-Sep-2016 to 30-Sep-2016 (2 exx, CBG); Mississauga, 24-May-2016 to 26-May-2016 (1 ex, CBG); Mississauga, 19-Sep-2016 to 30-Sep-2016 (1 ex, CBG). Nova Scotia: Cape Breton Highlands National Park, 23-Jun-2013 to 29-Jun-2013 (1 ex, CBG); Elmwood, 01-Nov-2005 (1 ex, CBG); Kejimkujik National Park, 31-Jul-2009 (1 ex, CBG); Truro, 21-Sep-2015 to 02-Oct-2015 (2 exx, CBG). Labrador: Happy Valley-Goose Bay, 19-Sep-2016 to 30-Sep-2016 (1 ex, CBG). Newfoundland: Terra Nova National Park, 04-Jul-2009 (1 ex, CBG).

(based on Konstantinov et al. 2011). Body length (excluding head) 1.8–2.1 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 41A, B. Pronotum and elytra with a bronze or green metallic lustre. Four basal antennomeres yellow, antennomere 2 sometimes partly brown, femora brown, tibiae yellow. Pronotal punctures separated by approximately their own diameter. The two innermost elytral rows of punctures on basal half confused, third through fifth rows confused or regular, sixth row confused. Elytral humeral callus well developed. Aedeagus as in Fig. 41C, D.

Chaetocnema hortensis has a wide range of host plants. It mainly feeds on various grasses (Poaceae), including cereal crop species (Koch 1992; Konstantinov et al. 2011). It has been recorded as a minor pest of wheat and barley in Europe (Pavlov 1960’ Vappula 1965). Most of the barcoded Canadian specimens were collected with Malaise traps in suburban environments. A few records are from grassland and forest habitats in Canadian national parks.

Chaetocnema hortensis has previously been confused with C. borealis R. White, 1996 in Canada. We found that most Canadian specimens in CNC identified as C. borealis actually represent C. hortensis. The elytral punctation of the two species is similarly irregular basally. In C. borealis, the basal antennomeres are brown rather than pale yellow, and the dorsal surface has a blue rather than bronze or green lustre. The aedeagus is differently shaped in the two species (Fig. 41D, E). Based on comparison of the type specimens of C. borealis (deposited in CNC) with the diagnoses and figures in the recent revision of Palaearctic Chaetocnema species (Konstantinov et al. 2011), C. borealis is very similar to (and possibly synonymous with) the Palaearctic C. sahlbergii (Gyllenhal, 1827). Both species inhabit bogs and other types of wetlands (Koch 1992; White 1996). Records of C. borealis from agricultural fields and other drier habitats reported e.g., by Majka and LeSage (2010) probably represent C. hortensis.

Figure 41. 

Chaetocnema hortensis (Geoffroy) A male habitus, L. Borowiec B female habitus, L. Borowiec C C. hortensis, aedeagus, ventral view D C. hortensis, aedeagus, lateral view E C. borealis R. White, aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C–E).

Native to the Palaearctic region. Widespread in Europe, recorded throughout Eurasia to China and the Russian Far East (Döberl 2010). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Cornwall, 19-Sep-2016 to 30-Sep-2016 (5 exx, CBG).

(based on Warchalowski 1996 and Rutanen and Martikainen 2014). Body length 1.7–2.3 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 42A, B, convex in dorsal view, sides of elytra rounded. Head brown, pronotum and elytra yellow-brown, elytral suture usually narrowly dark at least near midlength, legs pale, metafemora darker. Ventral side red-brown to black. Pronotum ca. 1.5 times wider than long, finely punctate. Elytra densely and finely punctate, punctures slightly larger around scutellum. Male with a narrow longitudinal impression at the middle of the last ventrite, ending in a small, sharply delimited round pit. Last ventrite of females unmodified or with a very weak impression. Penis in lateral view strongly bent towards dorsum at the apex (Fig. 42C, D).

This species feeds on Plantago species, especially P. major L. (Koch 1992, Rutanen and Martikainen 2014). In Finland, it is most often collected in dry, barren habitats (Rutanen and Martikainen 2014). The Canadian specimens were collected with a Malaise trap in a suburban residential area.

Longitarsus lewisii is closely related to L. pratensis (Panzer, 1794), another adventive species from the Palaearctic region (Warchalowski 1996, Rutanen and Martikainen 2014). Longitarsus lewisii is more rounded and convex, and on average slightly larger than L. pratensis (1.7–2.3 mm vs. 1.4–2.1 mm) (Warchalowski 1996). The elytral suture is not darkened in L. pratensis, and the hind femora are paler. However, color is variable in this species group, and the male genitalia and the modifications of the last ventrite are the best distinguishing characters. In males of L. pratensis, the impression of the last ventrite is broad, circular and less sharply delimited than in males of L. lewisii. The penis of L. pratensis is shorter than that of L. lewisii, and less strongly bent. Females of L. pratensis have an elongate-oval, shallow medial impression on the last ventrite. The preferred host plant of L. pratensis is Plantago lanceolata L., but both species use several species of Plantago (Koch 1992; Döberl 1994; Rutanen and Martikainen 2014).

Figure 42. 

Longitarsus lewisii Baly A male habitus, L. Borowiec B female habitus, L. Borowiec C aedeagus, ventral view D aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C, D).

Native to the Palaearctic region. Widespread in Europe, scattered records in Asia to East Siberia and Japan (Döberl 2010). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Ontario, Canada).

Ontario: Cambridge, 25-May-2015 to 31-May-2015 (1 ex, CBG); Pickering, 24-Jun-2017 to 25-Jun-2017 (1 ex, CBG).

(based on Mohr 1966). Body length 1.8–2.3 mm. Habitus elongate-oval (Fig. 43A, B). Yellow-brown or red-brown, apical antennomeres and ventral side darkened, sometimes also head, pronotum, and elytral suture darker brown. Base of pronotum without lateral furrows or a transverse impression. Procoxal cavities closed behind. Elytral punctures arranged in regular striae. Metatibia without a subapical dilation or tooth on the outer margin.

Lythraria salicariae is found in various wetland and marshy shoreline habitats as well as in forest depressions (Koch 1992). The larvae develop on Lysimachia species, and the adults occasionally feed also on Lythrum salicaria L. (Koch 1992, Dolgovskaya et al. 2004). The Canadian specimens were collected with pan traps in a grassy wetland and a mixed habitat of agricultural fields and forest.

Lythraria Bedel, 1897 is a monotypic genus reported here for the first time from North America. Lythraria salicariae would be identified as Pseudorthygia Csiki, 1940 (couplet 75) using the key to genera of Galerucinae in Riley et al. (2002) based on its closed procoxal cavities, but L. salicariae is not as convex in lateral profile and has a more elongate body outline. Among previously recorded Canadian leaf beetles, the habitus of L. salicariae is somewhat similar to Glyptina brunnea Horn, 1889, but the procoxal cavities are open behind in Glyptina.

Figure 43. 

Lythraria salicariae (Paykull), habitus, L. Borowiec A male B female. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Native to the Nearctic region. Widespread in eastern United States (Clark 1996).

Quebec: Forillon National Park, 05-Jul-2013 to 15-Jul-2013 (2 exx, CBG).

See Clark (1996).

This species has been collected from a wide variety of plant species (Clark 1996). The Canadian specimens were collected with a Malaise trap along a forest trail in Forillon National Park.

Native to the Palaearctic region. Widespread in Europe, with scattered records in Asia to the Russian Far East and Japan (Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017). Adventive in the Nearctic region (Quebec, Canada).

(DNA barcoded specimen). Quebec: Laval, 11-Jun-1997 (1 ex, CNC).

Quebec: Gatineau, 25-May-2012 (1 ex, CPTO); Henryville, 14-Jun-2015 (1 ex, CNC); Henryville, 07-Jun-2017 (1 ex, CMNC); Henryville, 07-Jun-2017 (9 exx, CCCH); Henryville, 14-Jun-2017 (1 ex, CMNC); Laval, 5-Jun-2004 (2 exx, CSDU); Laval, 19-Apr-2013 (1 ex, CSDU); Laval, 22-Jun-2013 (1 ex, CSDU); Longueuil, 21-May-2016 (1 ex, CPTO); Oka, 01-Jul-2004 (1 ex, CRVI); Oka, 06-Jun-2011 (1 ex, CRVI); Oka, 19-Aug-2012 (1 ex, CMNC); Oka, 26-Aug-2012 (1 ex, CPTO); Oka, 01-Jun-2014 (1 ex, CRVI); Oka, 21-Jun-2016 (1 ex, CRVI); Oka, 13-Jul-2016 to 20-Jul-2016 (2 exx, CRVI); Oka, 22-Jul-2016 (1 ex, CRVI); Oka, 15-May-2018 to 31-May-2018 (1 ex, CRVI); Saint-Côme, 13-Jul-2013 (1 ex, CSDU); Saint-Lazare, 20-Jun-2012 (1 ex, CPTO); Saint-Lazare, 17-Sep-2012 (1 ex, CPTO); Saint-Lazare, 14-Jun-2013 (1 ex, CPTO); Saint-Lazare, 18-Jul-2017 (1 ex, CSDU); Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 01-Jun-2013 (1 ex, CNC); Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 11-Jun-2007 (1 ex, CPTO); Terrasse-Vaudreuil, 30-Jun-2014 (1 ex, CPTO); Varennes, 07-Jun-2011 (1 ex, CCCH).

(based on Hoffmann 1958). Body length: 4.7–7.0 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 44. Oblong-oval, black or brown, dorsal pubescence of small piliform scales more or less regularly distributed, with a speckled color pattern formed by patches of paler scales. Rostrum elongate, narrow, curved, punctate-striate and carinate. Prothorax approximately as long as wide, sides rounded, punctation dense and deep, with median line slightly elevated anteriorly. Elytra rounded at humeri in dorsal view, sides subparallel until slightly beyond middle. Ventrally with lateral portions of abdomen, metanepisternum, metanepimeron, and lateral portion of metaventrite with dense cream-colored scales.

Notaris scirpi is oligophagous on Scirpus and Carex species in wet habitats (Koch 1992). Hoffmann (1958) notes that in France the species develops in the collar of Carex acutiformis Ehrh. and that adults can be collected in litter around wet areas.

These are the first records of Notaris scirpi from the Nearctic region. After the identification of the DNA barcoded specimen deposited in CNC, 37 additional specimens from various localities in Quebec were found in other collections. The earliest record is from 1997, and the species seems to be firmly established in Quebec. Notaris scirpi is easily distinguished from Tournotaris bimaculatus (Fabricius, 1787) and Notaris puncticollis (LeConte, 1876), the two most similar species already known from North America, by the dense cream-colored scales on the lateral portions of the abdomen, metanepisternum, metanepimeron, and lateral portion of the metaventrite.

Figures 44, 45. 

44 Notaris scirpi (Fabricius), habitus, L. Borowiec 45 Centrinopus helvinus Casey, habitus. Scale bar: 2.0 mm (44), 1.0 mm (45).