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Research Article
Nine new species groups, 15 new species, and one new subspecies of New Guinea diving beetles of the genus Exocelina Broun, 1886 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Copelatinae)
expand article infoHelena Shaverdo, Suriani Surbakti§, Evie L. Warikar§, Katayo Sagata|, Michael Balke#
‡ Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Wien, Austria
§ Universitas Cendrawasih, Jayapura, Indonesia
| University of Papua New Guinea, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
¶ Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
# Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Munich, Germany
Open Access

Abstract

Nine new species groups of Exocelina Broun, 1886 from New Guinea are introduced with keys to their representatives. Four groups are monotypic and include three new species: the E. aipomek group, the E. koroba group: E. koroba sp. nov., the E. mekilensis group: E. mekilensis sp. nov., and the E. morobensis group: E. morobensis sp. nov. The remaining five species groups include 18 species with 12 new species and one new subspecies: the E. bacchusi group: E. akameku sp. nov., E. oiwa sp. nov., E. oksibilensis sp. nov., and E. bacchusi herzogensis ssp. nov.; the E. jaseminae group: E. aseki sp. nov., E. kailaki sp. nov., and E. pseudojaseminae sp. nov.; the E. larsoni group: E. warahulenensis sp. nov.; the E. takime group: E. mianminensis sp. nov.; and the E. warasera group: E. haia sp. nov., E. kobau sp. nov., E. pulchella sp. nov., and E. warasera sp. nov. Diagnoses of five already described species of these groups are provided, as well as comparatives notes on all species. Exocelina santimontis (Balke, 1998) syn. nov. is a junior synonym of E. aipomek (Balke, 1998). Data on the distribution of the species are given, showing that most of the species of these groups occur in the Papua New Guinea.

Keywords

Australasia, distribution, Exocelina, key, new taxa, species delimitation, systematics

Introduction

This paper introduces nine new species groups of Exocelina Broun, 1886, completing our assessment of the supraspecific classification of the genus in New Guinea. Four of the species groups here diagnosed are monotypic and include species with distinct morphological characters and which were inferred as separate lineages in our previous molecular phylogenetic analyses (Toussaint et al. 2014, 2015). One of these groups is proposed for the described species, Exocelina aipomek (Balke, 1998), and the three remaining for three new species. Five other groups are small and consist of two to five species. Four groups (the E. bacchusi, E. jaseminae, E. larsoni and E. takime groups) are proposed for already known species with the addition of eight new species and one new subspecies, and the fourth group, the E. warasera group, includes only four new species. We provide a diagnosis for the complex of groups treated herein and notes on their phylogeny, as well as morphological diagnoses for each group separately. All species of the groups are treated, including comparative notes and detailed descriptions for the new species. Identification keys are presented for the groups with more than one species. Including the results of this work, 140 species of Exocelina are now described from New Guinea and 195 species worldwide. As in most of our previous papers on the genus (Shaverdo et al. 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016a, b, c, 2017, 2018), all species data will be presented on the species-id.net portal automatically created by ZooKeys with the publication of this paper.

Materials and methods

The present work is based on material from the following collections:

BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, UK

CGW Collection of Günther Wewalka, Vienna, Austria

KSP Koleksi Serangga Papua, at the Biology Department of Universitas Cenderawasih (UNCEN), Waena, Papua, Indonesia

MZB Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Cibinong, Indonesia

NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria

ZSM Zoologische Staatsammlung München, Munich, Germany

Our methods follow those described in detail in our previous articles (Shaverdo et al. 2012, 2014; Shaverdo and Balke 2014). The terminology to denote the orientation of the genitalia (ventral for median lobe and dorsal and external for paramere) follows Miller and Nilsson (2003). All specimen data are quoted as they appear on the labels attached to the specimens. Label text is cited using quotation marks. Comments in square brackets are ours. The following abbreviations were used: TL (total body length), TL-H (total body length without head), MW (maximum body width), and hw (handwritten).

The keys are based mostly on the male characters. In many cases, females cannot be assigned to species due to similarity of their external and internal structures (for female genitalia see Shaverdo et al. 2005: fig. 17a, b). Some species are rather similar in point of external morphology, therefore, in most cases the male genitalia need to be studied for reliable species identification.

Checklist and distribution of the species

Abbreviations: IN – Indonesia; PNG – Papua New Guinea.

Exocelina aipomek group
1. Exocelina aipomek (Balke, 1998) IN: Papua: Pegunungan Bintang; PNG: Sandaun
Exocelina koroba group
2. Exocelina koroba sp. nov. PNG: Hela
Exocelina mekilensis group
3. Exocelina mekilensis sp. nov. PNG: Sandaun
Exocelina morobensis group
4. Exocelina morobensis sp. nov. PNG: Morobe
Exocelina bacchusi group
5. Exocelina akameku sp. nov. PNG: Madang
6. Exocelina bacchusi (Balke, 1998) PNG: Madang, Simbu, Eastern Highlands, Morobe, Gulf
6a. Exocelina bacchusi herzogensis ssp. nov. PNG: Morobe, Central
7. Exocelina erteldi (Balke, 1998) IN: Papua: Pegunungan Bintang
8. Exocelina oiwa sp. nov. PNG: Morobe
9. Exocelina oksibilensis sp. nov. IN: Papua: Pegunungan Bintang
Exocelina jaseminae group
10. Exocelina aseki sp. nov. PNG: Morobe
11. Exocelina jaseminae (Balke, 1998) PNG: Morobe, Eastern Highlands
12. Exocelina kailaki sp. nov. PNG: Central
13. Exocelina pseudojaseminae sp. nov. PNG: Central
Exocelina larsoni group
14. Exocelina larsoni (Balke, 1998) PNG: Madang, Eastern Highlands
15. Exocelina nomax (J. Balfour-Browne, 1939) PNG: Central, National Capital District
16. Exocelina warahulenensis sp. nov. PNG: Simbu, Eastern Highlands
Exocelina takime group
17. Exocelina mianminensis sp. nov. PNG: Sandaun
18. Exocelina takime (Balke, 1998) IN: Papua: Pegunungan Bintang
Exocelina warasera group
19. Exocelina haia sp. nov. PNG: Simbu
20. Exocelina kobau sp. nov. PNG: Morobe
21. Exocelina pulchella sp. nov. PNG: Central
22. Exocelina warasera sp. nov. PNG: Simbu, Eastern Highlands

General diagnostic characters of the treated groups and notes on their phylogeny

Here, we provide general diagnostic characters for all representatives of the groups, which can be used to separate them from some of the previously studied groups. To complete diagnoses, special diagnostic characters for each group, mainly based on shape of the median lobe and shape and setation of the parameres, are provided below, before the species treatments.

– beetles small or medium-sized (TL-H 2.85–4.5 mm);

– habitus elongate to oval, in most species oblong-oval; with rounded pronotal and elytral sides, body outline continuous;

– pronotum short, trapezoidal, with posterior angles not drawn backwards;

– pronotum and elytra without striae or strioles;

– antennomeres not modified, simple;

– male protarsomeres 1–3 not expanded laterally;

– male protarsomere 4 cylindrical, narrow, with a large, hook-like to thin, long, slightly curved anterolateral seta;

– male protarsomere 5 not modified, long and narrow, sometimes slightly concave ventrally;

– median lobe of aedeagus with continuous outline in ventral and lateral view;

– ventral sclerite of median lobe more or less deeply divided apically.

All treated species groups (except for the monotypic E. koroba and E. mekilensis groups) are separate lineages within a monophyletic complex, including the E. danae and E. monae groups (Toussaint et al. 2014, 2015). Although altogether they do not form a monophyletic complex, all of them (except one species Exocelina warahulenensis sp. nov.) have a character that distinguishes them from the representatives of the E. danae and E. monae groups – absence of the setation on the median lobe of the aedeagus. Exocelina koroba sp. nov. and E. mekilensis sp. nov. have a very distinct morphology, especially of the male genitalia, and belong to a completely different clade of New Guinea Exocelina. They form separate lineages within a monophyletic complex, which also includes some species of the E. casuarina group (Toussaint et al. 2014, 2015; Shaverdo et al. 2018).

Diagnostic characters of the species groups, species descriptions and comparative notes

Monotypic groups

Exocelina aipomek group

This group is characterised by extremely fine, inconspicuous dorsal punctation, pronotum with distinct lateral bead; median lobe of aedeagus without setation, simple, with rounded apex in ventral view; apexes of ventral sclerites of median lobe almost equal; paramere with distinct dorsal notch and large, long subdistal part with numerous strong setae, proximal setae more or distinct.

Exocelina aipomek (Balke, 1998)

Figs 1, 5, 6–7

Copelatus (Papuadytes) aipomek Balke, 1998: 322; Nilsson 2001: 76 (catalogue).

Papuadytes aipomek (Balke, 1998): Nilsson and Fery 2006: 56 (comb. nov.).

Exocelina aipomek (Balke, 1998): Nilsson 2007: 33 (comb. nov.).

Exocelina aipomek MB3726: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Copelatus (Papuadytes) santimontis Balke, 1998: 335; Nilsson 2001: 77 (catalogue) syn. nov.

Papuadytes santimontis (Balke, 1998): Nilsson and Fery 2006: 56 (comb. nov.).

Exocelina santimontis (Balke, 1998): Nilsson 2007: 34 (comb. nov.).

Type locality

Indonesia: Papua Province: Pegunungan Bintang Regency, Aipomek, 04°27'S, 140°01'E, 1800 m a.s.l.

Type material studied

Exocelina aipomek : Holotype: male “IRIAN JAYA Aipomek Area 140°01'E 04°27'S”, “Aipomek, 1800m 30./31.8.1992 leg.Balke (30)”, “HOLOTYPUS” [red], “Copelatus aipomek Balke des. 1997” [red] (NHMW). Paratypes: 3 males, 1 female with the same label as the holotype and additionally with red labels “Paratypus Copelatus aipomek Balke des. 1997”, one of the males with two additional labels “M.Balke 3272” [green] and “M.Balke 6403 DNA” [green text] (NHMW). Exocelina santimontis: Holotype: male “IRIAN JAYA: 1.10.1993 Eme Gebiet Okloma, 1500m”, “ca. 139°55'E 04°14'S leg. M. Balke (28)”, “HOLOTYPUS” [red], “Copelatus santimontis Balke des. 1997” [red] (NHMW). Paratypes: 8 males with the same label as the holotype and additionally with red labels “Paratypus Copelatus santimontis Balke des. 1997”, one of the males with two additional labels “M.Balke 3289” [green] and “M.Balke 6412 DNA” [green text], another male with an additional green label “M.Balke 3288” (NHMW). 1 male “IRIAN JAVA: Borme Tarmlu 1500m 6.9.1993”, “ca. 140°25'E 04°24'S leg. M. Balke (4–6)”, “Paratypus Copelatus santimontis Balke des. 1997” (NHMW). 1 male “IRIAN JAYA: 22.9.1993 Bime – Calab Gebiet, Bime, 1400m”, “ca. 140°12'E 04°20'S, leg. M. Balke (16)”, “Paratypus Copelatus santimontis Balke des. 1997” [red] (NHMW)

Figures 1–4. 

Habitus and colouration 1 Exocelina aipomek (Balke, 1998) 2 E. mekilensis sp. nov. 3 E. koroba sp. nov. 4 E. morobensis sp. nov.

Figure 5. 

Exocelina aipomek (Balke, 1998), paratype A median lobe in ventral view B median lobe in lateral view C paramere in external view D male protarsomeres 4–5 in ventral view.

Additional material

PNG: Sandaun: 2 males “Papua New Guinea: Sandaun, Ofektaman, 820m, 17.x.2008, 5.04.113S 141.35.841E, Ibalim (PNG 190)”, one with an additional green label “M.Balke 3727” (ZSM).

Females of doubtful identity

IN: Papua: Pegunungan Bintang: 20 females “IRIAN JAYA: 22.9.1993 Bime – Calab Gebiet, Bime, 1400m”, “ca. 140°12'E 04°20'S, leg. M. Balke (16)”, “Paratypus Copelatus rivulus sp.n. Balke des. 1997” [red] (NHMW); these females are a mixture of two species: E. damantiensis (Balke, 1998) and E. aipomek. 13 females “IRIAN JAYA: 22.9.1993 Bime – Calab Gebiet, Bime, 1400m”, “ca. 140°12'E 04°20'S, leg. M. Balke (16)” (NHMW); these females are a mixture of two species: E. damantiensis and E. aipomek. 1 female “IRIAN JAVA: Borme Tarmlu 1500m 6.9.1993”, “ca. 140°25'E 04°24'S leg. M. Balke (4–6)” (NHMW). 3 females “IRIAN JAVA: Borme Tarmlu 1500m 6.9.1993”, “ca. 140°25'E 04°24'S leg. M. Balke (4)” (NHMW). 2 females “IRIAN JAVA: Borme Tarmlu 1500m 6.9.1993”, “ca. 140°25'E 04°24'S leg. M. Balke (6)” (NHMW). These females are a mixture of four species: E. damantiensis, E. ketembang (Balke, 1998), E. aipomek, and E. danae (Balke, 1998). 1 male (no genitals), 27 females “IRIAN JAYA: 1.10.1993 Eme Gebiet Okloma, 1500m”, “ca. 139°55'E 04°14'S, leg. M. Balke (28)” (NHMW); these specimens are a mixture of three species: E. damantiensis, E. ketembang, and E. aipomek. 13 females “IRIAN JAYA: 22.9.1993 Bime – Calab Gebiet, Bime, 1400m”, “ca. 140°12'E 04°20'S, leg. M. Balke (16)” (NHMW). 2 females “IRIAN JAYA, 24.–26.9.1993 Eipomek [sic!] Gebiet Eipomek [sic!] - Diruemna”, “ca. 140°01'E 04°27'S 1800–2600m, leg. M. Balke (21–22)” (NHMW). These females are a mixture of two species: E. damantiensis and E. aipomek. PNG: Sandaun: 7 females “Papua New Guinea: Sandaun, Ofektaman, 820m, 17.x.2008, 5.04.113S 141.35.841E, Ibalim (PNG 190)” (ZSM); these females might belong to three species: E. sandaunensis Shaverdo & Balke, 2014, E. aipomek, and E. ketembang (Balke, 1998).

Diagnosis

For complete description, see Balke (1998: 322). Beetle medium-sized (TL-H 4.0–4.35 mm), oblong-oval; piceous, sometimes with paler pronotal sides; dorsally shiny, with extremely fine, inconspicuous punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation; pronotum with distinct lateral bead (Fig. 1); male protarsomere 4 with large, thick, strongly curved anterolateral hook-like seta; male protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of more than 60 and posterior row of 14 relatively long setae (Fig. 5D); median lobe simple, in lateral view, evenly tapering to broadly pointed, somehow elongate and gently curved downwards apex, in ventral view, apex more or less rounded; paramere with distinct dorsal notch and large, long subdistal part, dorsal setae numerous and strong, subdistal slightly denser and longer than proximal ones, the latter more or less distinct (Fig. 5A–C).

Variability

The species shows variability within and between populations in shape of the apex of the median lobe, which can be shorter or more elongate (Figs 6, 7).

Figures 6, 7. 

Exocelina aipomek (Balke, 1998), median lobe in lateral view 6 specimen from Sandaun, Ofektaman 7 paratype of E. sanctimontis (Balke, 1998).

Affinities

In the area of its distribution, E. aipomek co-occurs with numerous species: E. ascendens (Balke, 1998), E. fume (Balke, 1998), E. takime, species of the E. bacchusi, E. ekari, E. danae, E. broschii, E. okbapensis, and E. aipo groups. The species can be distinguished from them by its body size, form and colouration, inconspicuous dorsal punctation, and weakly impressed microreticulation, presence of the pronotal bead, shape and setation of its median lobe, paramere, and male protarsomere 4.

Distribution

Indonesia: Papua Province: Pegunungan Bintang Regency and Papua New Guinea: Sandaun Province (Fig. 11).

Exocelina koroba group

This group is characterised by relatively dense and coarse dorsal punctation; pronotum with distinct lateral bead; median lobe of aedeagus without setation, with apex thick, short, pointed and strongly curved downwards in lateral view; apexes of ventral sclerites of median lobe almost equal; paramere with distinct notch on dorsal side, subdistal part relatively large, rounded, with dense and strong setae, proximal setae inconspicuous.

Exocelina koroba Shaverdo & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 2, 8

Exocelina undescribed sp. MB1292: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Hela Province, Hedamali, ca. 05°41.85'S, 142°43.84'E, 1700–1900 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: male “PAPUA N.G.: 6.–9.5.1998 Southern Highl. Prov. Tari-Koroba, Hedemari [Hedamali] 1700–1900 m, leg. Riedel” (NHMW). Paratypes: 1 male “Papua New Guinea: Southern Highlands, Koroba, 1600 m, 15.v.1994, 05.41.854S 142.43.836E, Balke (PNG 66)”, “DNA M Balke 1292” (ZSM).

Description

Body size and form: Beetle medium-sized: TL-H 3.95–4.4 mm, TL 4.4–4.55 mm, MW 2.2–2.35 mm (holotype: TL-H 3.95 mm, TL 4.4 mm, MW 2.2 mm), with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Piceous, with paler sides of pronotum. Head piceous, paler anteriorly; pronotum piceous, with brown sides; elytra piceous, with reddish sutural lines; head appendages and legs proximally reddish, legs distally darker, reddish brown (Fig. 2). Teneral specimen paler, brown.

Surface sculpture: Submatt dorsally, with relatively dense and coarse punctation and evident microreticulation. Head with relatively dense and coarse punctation (spaces between punctures 1–2 times size of punctures); diameter of punctures almost equal to diameter of cells of microreticulation. Pronotum with finer, sparser punctation, and more evenly distributed punctation than on head. Elytra with coarser punctation than on pronotum. Pronotum and elytra with distinct microreticulation. Head with microreticulation slightly stronger. Metaventrite, metacoxae, and abdominal ventrites distinctly microreticulate. Metacoxal plates with longitudinal strioles and weak transverse wrinkles; abdominal ventrites with strioles. Venter with inconspicuous punctation, more evident on metacoxal plates and two last abdominal ventrites.

Structures: Pronotum with distinct lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, slightly rounded and with few transverse strioles anteriorly, without anterolateral extensions. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively broad, convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 slightly truncate.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with rather small, slightly curved anterolateral hook-like seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior row of 23 short setae and posterior row of 6 setae (Fig. 8D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 12–15 lateral striae on each side. Median lobe slightly curved, with apex thick, short, pointed and strongly curved downwards in lateral view (Fig. 8A–B). Paramere with distinct notch on dorsal side, subdistal part relatively large, rounded, with dense and strong setae, proximal setae thin and sparse, inconspicuous. (Fig. 8C).

Female: Unknown.

Figure 8. 

Exocelina koroba sp. nov. A median lobe in ventral view B median lobe in lateral view C paramere in external view D male protarsomeres 4–5 in ventral view.

Affinities

The species can be distinguished from the species co-occurring in the same area (E. pseudoedeltraudae Shaverdo & Balke, 2014, E. tariensis Shaverdo & Balke, 2014, E. marinae (Shaverdo, Sagata & Balke, 2005), and E. pseudomarinae Shaverdo, Sagata & Balke, 2016) by size, relatively dense and coarse dorsal punctation, not modified male antennae, and the shape and setation of its median lobe and paramere.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Hela Province, Koroba area (Fig. 11).

Etymology

The species is named after Koroba Village. The name is a noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition.

Exocelina mekilensis group

This group is characterised by fine and sparse dorsal punctation; pronotum without lateral bead; median lobe of aedeagus without setation, simple; in lateral view, apex thick, short and slightly curved downwards, its minuscule tip curved upwards; apexes of ventral sclerites of median lobe slightly unequal: left one slightly longer that right one; paramere without dorsal notch, evenly tapering to distal part, with numerous small spines and without long setae.

Exocelina mekilensis Shaverdo & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 3, 9

Exocelina undescribed sp. MB0686: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Sandaun Province, Ofektaman, 05°04.11'S, 141°35.84'E, 820 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: male “Papua New Guinea: Sandaun, Ofektaman, 820m, 17.x.2008, 5.04.113S 141.35.841E, Ibalim (PNG 190)”, “DNA M.Balke 3723” (ZSM). Paratypes: 1 male with the same label as the holotype (NHMW). 1 male “Papua New Guinea: Sandaun, Sokamin4, 1200m, 19.x.2003, 4 50.845S 141 37.865E, K. Sagata (WB102)”, “DNA M. Balke 665” [green text] (ZSM). 1 male, 4 females “Papua New Guinea: Sandaun, MekilW100, 1718m, 14.x.2003, 4 48.637S 141 38.994E, K. Sagata (WB19)” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 male “DNA M. Balke 686” [green text], “Papua New Guinea: Sandaun, Mekil (WB19), 13.x.2003, K. Sagata, DNA M Balke: MB 686” (ZSM).

Description

Body size and form: Beetle medium-sized: TL-H 3.85–4.4 mm, TL 3.45–3.95 mm, MW 1.8–2.05 mm (holotype: TL-H 3.8 mm, TL 4.2 mm, MW 2.0 mm), with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Dark brown, with paler sides of pronotum and head anteriorly. Head dark brown, piceous posteriorly; pronotum dark brown, with brown sides; elytra uniformly dark brown; head appendages and legs proximally reddish, legs distally darker, reddish brown (Fig. 3). Teneral specimen paler, brown to reddish brown with yellowish pronotal sides.

Surface sculpture: Shiny dorsally, with fine, sparse punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation. Head with relatively fine and sparse punctation (spaces between punctures 2–3 times size of punctures); diameter of punctures almost equal to or smaller than diameter of cells of microreticulation. Pronotum and elytra with much finer and sparser punctation than on head, inconspicuous. Pronotum and elytra with weakly impressed microreticulation. Head with microreticulation slightly stronger. Metaventrite, metacoxae, and abdominal ventrites distinctly microreticulate. Metacoxal plates with longitudinal strioles and weak transverse wrinkles; abdominal ventrites with strioles. Venter with extremely inconspicuous punctation, more evident on metacoxal plates and two last abdominal ventrites.

Structures: Pronotum without lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively narrow, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 slightly truncate.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with large, thick, strongly curved anterolateral hook-like seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of ca. 60 and posterior row of ten relatively long setae (Fig. 9D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 6–10 lateral striae on each side. Median lobe simple, slightly curved, in lateral view, apex thick, short and slightly curved downwards, its minuscule tip curved upwards (Fig. 9A, B). Paramere without notch on dorsal side, evenly tapering to distal part, with numerous small spines and without long setae (Fig. 9C).

Figure 9. 

Exocelina mekilensis sp. nov. A median lobe in ventral view B median lobe in lateral view C paramere in external view D male protarsomeres 4–5 in ventral view.

Female: Without evident differences in external morphology from males, except for not modified protarsi and abdominal ventrite 6 without striae.

Affinities

From most species co-occurring in the same area (E. sandaunensis, E. tabubilensis Shaverdo & Balke, 2014, E. damantiensis, E. okbapensis Shaverdo & Balke, 2017, and E. may Shaverdo & Balke, 2017), E. mekilensis sp. nov. can be distinguished by its smaller size and absence of the pronotal bead, and simple male antennae. From the species without pronotal bead (E. pseudobifidae Shaverdo & Balke, 2014, E. pseudoeme Shaverdo & Balke, 2014, and E. ibalimi Shaverdo & Balke, 2018), it can be differentiated by the shape and setation of its median lobe and paramere, which are very characteristic and resemble those of the E. ullrichi group (Shaverdo and Balke 2014).

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Sandaun Province (Fig. 11).

Etymology

The species is named after Mekil Village where most specimens of the species were found. The name is an adjective in the nominative singular.

Exocelina morobensis group

This group is characterised by fine and sparse dorsal punctation; pronotum with narrow lateral bead; median lobe of aedeagus without setation, evenly curved, rather thin, lateral margins thickened proximally; in lateral view, its apex elongate, slightly thickened and rounded, in ventral view, median lobe broad proximally and distinctly narrowed in distal half, its apex bluntly pointed; apexes of ventral sclerites of median lobe almost equal; paramere slightly concave on dorsal side, its subdistal part with dense, strong setae, proximal setae weaker, less distinct.

Exocelina morobensis Shaverdo & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 4, 10

Exocelina undescribed sp. MB1313: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Exocelina undescribed sp. MB3840: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Morobe Province, Garaina, 07°51'03"S, 147°07'01"E, 720 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: male “Papua New Guinea Garaina, 720m, vi.2008, 07.51.032S 147.07.007E Ibalim & Sosanika PNG216” (ZSM). Paratypes: Morobe: 72 males, 83 females with the same label as the holotype (NHMW, ZSM). 64 males, 69 females “Papua New Guinea: Morobe, Garaina, 800m, vi.2008, 07.53.091S 147.07.915E Ibalim & Sosanika PNG217” (NHMW, ZSM). 2 males, 4 females “Papua New Guinea Garaina, 800m, vi.2008, 07.53.091S 147.07.915E Ibalim & Sosanika PNG217” (ZSM). 27 males, 18 females “Papua New Guinea: Morobe, Garaina, 770m, vi.2008, 07 52.516S 147.10.427E Ibalim & Sosanika (PNG219)” (NHMW, ZSM). 26 males, 25 females “Papua New Guinea Morobe, Garaina, 800m, 27.vi.2009, (PNG220) 7.52.669S 147.07.196E Ibalim & Sosanika” (NHMW, ZSM). 11 males, 11 females “Papua New Guinea: Morobe, Garaina, 770m, 25.vi.2008, 07 50.859S 147.08.614E Ibalim & Sosanika (PNG222)” (NHMW, ZSM). 2 males, 1 female “Papua New Guinea Morobe, Garaina, 670m, 23vi2008 (PNG223) 7.52.431S 147.10.267E Ibalim & Sosanika (PNG223)” (ZSM). 9 males, 6 females “Papua New Guinea: Morobe, Garaina, 820m, 24.vi.2008, 07.52.287S 147.06.297E Ibalim & Sosanika, (PNG224)” (ZSM). 15 males, 14 females “Papua New Guinea: Morobe, Huon Pen., rd to Kwapsanek, 250m, 31.iii.2006, 06.30.270S (PNG 24) 146.59.581E, Balke & Sagata” (NHMW, ZSM). 4 males, 5 female “Papua New Guinea: Morobe, Huon Pen., rd to Kwapsanek, 250m, 31.iii.2006, 06.30.270S 146.59.581E, Balke & Sagata (PNG 24A)” (ZSM). 2 males, 1 female “Papua New Guinea: Morobe, Huon Pen., rd to Kwapsanek, 460m, 31.iii.2006, 06.32.736S 146.59.616E, Balke & Sagata (PNG 26)”, one male with an additional label “DNA M.Balke 1313” (ZSM). 73 males, 56 females “Papua New Guinea: Morobe, Herzog Mts., Bundun, 700–800m, 2.iv.1994, 06.51.598S 146.37.07E, Balke & Sagata (PNG 27)”, one male with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 1312” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 male “NEW GUINEA: Morobe Dist., Lae-Bulobo Rd., 28.xii.1964.”, “Stn. No. 123.”, “M.E. Bacchus. B.M. 1965-120” (BMNH). 1 male, 2 females “Papua New Guinea: Morobe, Sattelberg, Zige River, 970m, 20.x.2009, 6 29.233S 147.46.482E, Inaho (11) (PNG211)”, the male with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 3828” (ZSM). 2 males, 1 female “Papua New Guinea: Morobe, Sattelberg, Zige River, ca 700m, x.2009, 6 29.233S 147.46.482E, Inaho (12a) (PNG212)”, one of the males with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 3823” (ZSM).

Description

Body size and form: Beetle medium-sized, rarely small: TL-H 3.3–4.1 mm, TL 3.6–4.5 mm, MW 1.75–2.1 mm (holotype: TL-H 3.9 mm, TL 4.35 mm, MW 2.05 mm), with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Brown to dark brown, usually with reddish pronotum and head. Head reddish to brown, sometimes darker posterior eyes; pronotum reddish to brown, often broader or narrower darker area on disc; elytra brown to dark brown, sometimes with reddish sutural lines; head appendages and legs proximally reddish, legs distally darker, reddish brown to brown (Fig. 4). Teneral specimen paler.

Surface sculpture: Shiny dorsally, with fine, sparse punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation. Head with relatively fine and sparse punctation (spaces between punctures 2–3 times size of punctures); diameter of punctures almost equal to or smaller than diameter of cells of microreticulation. Pronotum and elytra with much finer and sparser punctation than on head, often inconspicuous on elytra. Pronotum and elytra with weakly impressed microreticulation. Head with microreticulation slightly stronger. Metaventrite, metacoxae, and abdominal ventrites distinctly microreticulate. Metacoxal plates with longitudinal strioles and weak transverse wrinkles; abdominal ventrites with strioles. Venter with extremely inconspicuous punctation, more evident on metacoxal plates and two last abdominal ventrites.

Structures: Pronotum with narrow lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively narrow, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 very slightly truncate.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with with large, thick, strongly curved anterolateral hook-like seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of ca. 50 and posterior row of seven relatively long setae (Fig. 10D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 5–7 lateral striae on each side. Median lobe evenly curved, rather thin, lateral margins thickened proximally; in lateral view, apex elongate, slightly thickened and rounded; in ventral view, median lobe broad proximally and distinctly narrowed in distal half, apex bluntly pointed (Fig. 10A, B). Paramere slightly concave on dorsal side, its subdistal part with dense, strong setae, proximal setae weaker, less distinct (Fig. 10C).

Figure 10. 

Exocelina morobensis sp. nov. A median lobe in ventral view B median lobe in lateral view C paramere in external view D male protarsomeres 4–5 in ventral view.

Female: Without evident differences in external morphology from males, except for not modified protarsi and abdominal ventrite 6 without striae.

Affinities

From the species co-occurring in the same area (E. brahminensis Shaverdo, Hendrich & Balke, 2012, E. damantiensis, and E. garaina Shaverdo & Balke, 2016), E. morobensis sp. nov. can be distinguished by its size, colouration, narrow pronotal bead, and shape and setation of the median lobe and paramere.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Morobe Province (Fig. 11).

Figure 11. 

Map of the eastern part of New Guinea showing distribution of the species of the monotypic groups.

Etymology

The species is named after Morobe Province, the only province of PNG where the species has been found. The name is an adjective in the nominative singular.

Other groups

Exocelina bacchusi group

The representatives of this group are characterised by fine to coarse dorsal punctation; pronotum with distinct lateral bead; median lobe of aedeagus without setation, simple, broadly pointed; apexes of ventral sclerites of median lobe almost equal; paramere evenly tapering to apex, proximal setae often longer and more distinct that subdistal.

Exocelina akameku Shaverdo & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 13, 19

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Madang Province, Akameku - Brahmin, Bismarck Range, 05°49.89'S, 145°24.49'E, 750 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: male “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Akameku - Brahmin, Bismarck Range, 750m, 25.xi.2006, 05.49.892S 145.24.491E, Balke & Kinibel (PNG 113)” (ZSM).

Description

Body size and form: Beetle small: TL-H 3.35 mm, TL 3.8 mm, MW 1.8 mm, with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Dark brown, with reddish pronotal sides and head anteriorly. Head reddish brown, paler anteriorly; pronotum dark brown on disc, with reddish sides; elytra dark brown, with weakly indicated reddish sutural lines; head appendages and legs proximally yellowish, legs distally darker, reddish brown (Fig. 13).

Surface sculpture: Shiny dorsally, with weak and sparse punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation. Head with fine and sparse punctation (spaces between punctures 2–3 times size of punctures); diameter of punctures equal to or smaller than diameter of cells of microreticulation. Pronotum with much finer and sparser punctation than on head, very inconspicuous. Punctation on elytra invisible. Pronotum and elytra with weakly impressed microreticulation; head with microreticulation slightly stronger. Metaventrite, metacoxae, and abdominal ventrites distinctly microreticulate. Metacoxal plates with longitudinal strioles and weak transverse wrinkles; abdominal ventrites with strioles. Punctation on venter invisible; inconspicuous on two last abdominal ventrites.

Structures: Pronotum with narrow lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, very slightly rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively narrow, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 slightly truncate.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with large, thick, strongly curved anterolateral hook-like seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of more than 30 and posterior row of 7 relatively long setae (Fig. 19D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 7–8 lateral striae on each side. Median lobe short, robust, evenly tapering to slightly pointed apex in lateral and ventral views; apex slightly sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 19A, B). Paramere as in Fig. 19C.

Female: Unknown.

Affinities

From the species co-occurring in the same area (from E. danae, E. ekari, E. broschii, and E. ullrichi groups), E. akameku sp. nov. can be distinguished by its size, dorsal punctation, and shape and setation of its median lobe and paramere. For the affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Madang Province, Bismarck Range (Fig. 25).

Etymology

The species is named after Akameku Village. The name is a noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition.

Exocelina bacchusi (Balke, 1998)

Figs 16, 22, 24

Copelatus (Papuadytes) bacchusi Balke, 1998: 326; Nilsson 2001: 76 (catalogue).

Papuadytes bacchusi (Balke, 1998): Nilsson and Fery 2006: 56 (comb. nov.).

Exocelina bacchusi (Balke, 1998): Nilsson 2007: 33 (comb. nov.).

Exocelina bacchusi MB1521: Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Exocelina undescribed sp. MB0257: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Madang Province, Finisterre Range, Damanti, 05°53'26.5"S, 145°57'50.6"E, 1180 m a.s.l.

Type material studied

Holotype: male “Stn. No. 39”, “NEW GUINEA: Madang Dist., Finisterre Mts. Damanti 3,550 ft. 2–11.x.1964.”, “M.E. Bacchus. B.M. 1965-120”, “HOLOTYPUS” [red], “Copelatus bacchusi Balke des. 1997” [red] (BMNH). Paratypes: 1 male with the same label as the holotype and additionally with red label “Paratypus Copelatus bacchusi Balke des. 1997” (BMNH). 2 males “Stn. No. 49”, “NEW GUINEA: Madang Dist., Finisterre Mts. Budemu c. 4000 ft. 15–24.x.1964.”, “M.E. Bacchus. B.M. 1965-120” (BMNH, NHMW). 4 females “Stn. No. 74”, “NEW GUINEA: Madang Dist., Finisterre Mts. Budemu c. 4000 ft. 15–24.x.1964.”, “M.E. Bacchus. B.M. 1965-120” (BMNH, NHMW). Note: in the original description (Balke, 1998: 326), the paratypes with the same label as the holotype and from locality “Stn. No. 49” were erroneously indicated as females.

Additional material

Madang: 2 males “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Simbai area, 1200m, 11.iii.2007, 05.13.333S 144.37.611E, Kinibel (PNG 153) (ZSM). 15 males, 6 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Simbai-Mombeen, 1100m, 11.iii.2007, 05.12.876S 144.41.759E, Kinibel (PNG 154), one male with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 3318” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 male, 14 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Keki-Sewan, Adalbert [sic!] Mts., 700m, 30.xi.2006, nr 04.41.802S 145.25.460E, Binatang Boys (PNG 120)” (ZSM). 4 males, 4 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Adalbert [sic!] Mts., creek nr Keki, 790m, 28.xi.1994, 04.42.300S 145.25.089E, Binatang Boys leg. (PNG 53a)” (NHMW, ZSM). 2 males, 5 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Adalbert [sic!] Mts., Keki, 850m, 4.v.2006, nr 04.42.300S 145.25.089E, Manaono leg. (PNG 52)” (ZSM). 83 males, 84 females “Papua New Guinea: Eastern Highlands, Akameku - Brahmin, Bismarck Range, 1200m, 24.xi.2006, nr 05.52.754S 145.23.209E, Balke & Kinibel (PNG 110)”, one of them with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 1521” (NHMW, ZSM). 7 males, 3 femlaes “Papua New Guinea: Eastern Highlands, Akameku - Brahmin, Bismarck Range, 1500m, 24.xi.2006, 05.51.964S 145.23.604E, Balke & Kinibel (PNG 111)” (ZSM). 3 females “Papua New Guinea: Eastern Highlands, Akameku - Brahmin, Bismarck Range, 800m, 24.xi.2006, 05.50.021S 145.24.664E, Balke & Kinibel (PNG 112)” (ZSM). 1 male, 1 female “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Akameku - Brahmin, Bismarck Range, 750m, 25.xi.2006, 05.49.892S 145.24.491E, Balke & Kinibel (PNG 113)” (ZSM). 1 male “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 26–28.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-P-1/8-d02 / Plot 16 / P1608 Vial 18767” (ZSM). 1 male “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 26–28.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-T-1/8-d02 / Plot 20 / P1640 Vial 18781” (ZSM). 3 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 26–28.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-P-1/8-d02 / Plot 16 / P1608 Vial 18767” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 26–28.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-O-1/8-d02 / Plot 15 / P1600 Vial 18763” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 26–28.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-K-1/8-d02 / Plot 11 / P1568 Vial 17122” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 27–29.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-A-2/8-d03 / Plot 1 / P1489 Vial 17237” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 27–29.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-C-2/8-d03 / Plot 3 / P1505 Vial 17179” (ZSM). 6 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 27–29.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1529 Vial 16853” (ZSM). 1 male, 4 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 27–29.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1553 Vial 09007” (ZSM). 1 male, 4 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 27–29.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1545 Vial 16863” (ZSM). 1 male, 7 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 27–29.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1561 Vial 16873” (ZSM). 1 male “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 27–29.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-A-2/8-d03 / Plot 1 / P1489 Vial 17237” (ZSM). 7 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 27–29.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-E-2/8-d03 / Plot 5 / P1521 Vial 17210” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 28–30.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1569 Vial 17302” (ZSM). 3 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 28–30.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1601 Vial 17313” (ZSM). 11 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 28–30.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1595 Vial 18799” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 28–30.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1593 Vial 17462” (ZSM). 2 males “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 28–30.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1577 Vial 18802” (ZSM). 1 male “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 28–30.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1625 Vial 18821” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 28–30.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1633 Vial 18848” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 28–30.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1617 Vial 18813” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 28–30.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1601 Vial 17313” (ZSM). 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 28–30.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1585 Vial 18825” (ZSM). 1 male, 13 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 28–30.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1609 Vial 18855” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 29–31.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-D-3/8-d05 / Plot 4 / P1514 Vial 16946” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 29–31.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-F-3/8-d05 / Plot 6 / P1530 Vial 16936” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 29–31.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-A-3/8-d05 / Plot 1 / P1490 Vial 16931” (ZSM). 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 29–31.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-H-3/8-d05 / Plot 8 / P1546 Vial 17249” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 29–31.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-C-3/8-d05 / Plot 3 / P1506 Vial 17235” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 29–31.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-J-3/8-d05 / Plot 10 / P1562 Vial 16881” (ZSM). 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 30.x.–1.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1578 Vial 17625” (ZSM). 4 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 30.x.–1.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1570 Vial 17585” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 30.x.–1.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1634 Vial 17605” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 31.x.–2.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1547 Vial 17303” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 31.x.–2.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1515 Vial 17326” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 31.x.–2.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1491 Vial 17331” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 31.x.–2.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1531 Vial 17347” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 31.x.–2.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-E-4/8-d07 / Plot 5 / P1523 Vial 17348” (ZSM). 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 1–3.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1579 Vial 18787” (ZSM). 8 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 1–3.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1643 Vial 18794” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 1–3.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1595 Vial 18799” (ZSM). 3 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 1–3.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1571 Vial 16947” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 1–3.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1635 Vial 16968” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 1–3.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-S-4/8-d08 / Plot 19 / P1635 Vial 16968-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 male, 10 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 1–3.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1611 Vial 16950” (ZSM). 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 1–3.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1611 Vial 16950” (ZSM). 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 1–3.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1635 Vial 16968” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 2–4.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1516 Vial 17287” (ZSM). 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 2–4.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1548 Vial 17297” (ZSM). 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 2–4.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1532 Vial 17314” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 2–4.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1492 Vial 17355” (ZSM). 1 male, 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 2–4.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1564 Vial 16857” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 2–4.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,72090292 145,2714691 FIT-MW1200-C-5/8-d09 / Plot 3 / P1508 Vial 14052-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 2–4.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,72090292 145,2714691 FIT-MW1200-I-5/8-d09 / Plot 9 / P1556 Vial 17374” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 2–4.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702”, “FIT-MW1200-E-5/8-d09 / Plot 5 / P1524 Vial 16861-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 3–5.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1636 Vial 17324” (ZSM). 2 males “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 3–5.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1612 Vial 17292” (ZSM). 1 male “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 3–5.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1572 Vial 18837” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 3–5.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-O-5/8-d10 / Plot 15 / P1604 Vial 17325” (ZSM). 1 male “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 4–6.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-F-6/8-d11 / Plot 6 / P1533 Vial 17257” (ZSM). 1 male “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 5–7.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m”, “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-K-6/8-d12 / Plot 11 / P1573 Vial 17082” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 8–10.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,721022129 145,2703094 MW1200 / P1503 Vial 16995” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 8–10.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1527 Vial 16879” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 8–10.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m -5,720873833 145,2694702 MW1200 / P1503 Vial 16995” (ZSM). 1 male, 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 9–11.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m,” “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-T-8/8-d16 / Plot 20 / P1647 Vial 17039-CODYTI” (ZSM). 4 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 9–11.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m,” “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-P-8/8-d16 / Plot 16 / P1615 Vial 17012-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 9–11.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1200m,” “-5,720873833 145,2694702 FIT-MW1200-M-8/8-d16 / Plot 13 / P1591 Vial 17035-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 1–3.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 1700m -5,79269238 145,235611 MW1700 / P1961 Vial 06629” (ZSM). Eastern Highlands: 3 male, 3 females “Papua New Guinea: Eastern Highlands, Bena Bridge, 1400m, 8.xii.2007, 06.10.781S 145.26.034E, Balke & Sagata (PNG 164)” (ZSM). Simbu/Eastern Highlands: 2 males “Papua New Guinea: Simbu/EHPr. Crater Mountain, Sera - Herowana, Wara Pima, 900 m, 15IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 011)” (ZSM). 16 males “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, Sera - Herowana, upper Oh River, 1200 m, 15IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 012)” (NHMW, ZSM). 2 males, 4 females “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, Sera - Herowana, Jau river, 1100m, 15IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 013)” (ZSM). 12 males “Papua New Guinea: Simbu/EHPr. Crater Mountain, Sera - Herowana, Jau river, 1000 m, 15IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 015)” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 male, 3 females “Papua New Guinea: Simbu / EHP, Crater Mountain, Sera - Herowana, Sima river, 1250m, 15IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 016)” (ZSM). Simbu: 5 males “Papua New Guinea: Supa Haia, 1023m, 10.ix.2002, K.Sagata (WB1)” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 male “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, trek Haia - Wara Sera, 600m, 12IX2002, Balke & Sagata, (PNG 003)” (ZSM). 3 males “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, trek Haia - Wara Sera, 500m, 12IX2002, Balke & Sagata, (PNG 005)” (ZSM). 1 male “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, trek Haia - Wara Sera, 500m, 12IX2002, Balke & Sagata, (PNG 006)” (ZSM). 11 males, 14 females “Papua New Guinea: Simbu/EHPr. Crater Mountain, Wara Sera Station, 800 m, 14IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 009)” (NHMW, ZSM). 12 males, 7 females “Papua New Guinea: Simbu/EHPr. Crater Mountain, Wara Sera Station, 800 m, 14IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 10)”, one male with additional labels “257 DNA M Balke” [green], “sp.17 SEM 19” (ZSM). 27 males, 31 females “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, Wara Sera Station, 800 m, 14IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 010)” (NHMW, ZSM). Morobe: 62 males, 27 females “PAPUA N.G.: Morobe Prov. E Pindiu, Kobau 24.4.1998, 1400 m, leg. A. Riedel” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 male “Papua New Guinea: Morobe, Pindiu, Sulemana, 850 m, 15.x.2009, 06.25.169S 147.32.11E, Inaho (08) (PNG 208)”, “DNA M.Balke 3825” [green] (ZSM). 2 males “PNG: Huon Peninsula, Morobe Prov., Yus conservation area [5°53'54"S, 146°48'15"E], 1398m, 24.viii.2010, Bega”, “DNA M. Balke 6531” [green text], “DNA M. Balke 6532” [green text] (ZSM). 6 females “PNG: Huon Peninsula, Morobe Prov., Yus conservation area (Y7), 1398m, 24.viii.2010, Huon, Bega” (ZSM). Gulf: 9 males, 8 females “Papua New Guinea: Gulf, Marawaka, nr Ande, 1000m, 10.xi.2006, 07.03.598S 145.44.375E, Balke & Kinibel (PNG 89)” (NHMW, ZSM).

Females of doubtful identity

Simbu: 27 females “Papua New Guinea: Supa Haia, 1023m, 10.ix.2002, K.Sagata (WB1)” (ZSM); these females are a mixture of three species: E. bacchusi, E. warasera, and E. haia. 5 females “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, trek Haia - Wara Sera, 600m, 12IX2002, Balke & Sagata, (PNG 003)” (ZSM); these females are a mixture of two species: E. bacchusi and E. warasera. 3 females “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, trek Haia - Wara Sera, 500m, 12IX2002, Balke & Sagata, (PNG 005)” (ZSM); these females are a mixture of three species: E. bacchusi, E. warasera, and E. haia. Simbu/Eastern Highlands: 3 females “Papua New Guinea: Simbu/EHPr. Crater Mountain, Sera – Herowana, Wara Pima, 900 m, 15IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 011)” (ZSM). 20 females “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, Sera - Herowana, upper Oh River, 1200 m, 15IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 012)” (ZSM). 4 females “Papua New Guinea: Simbu/EHPr. Crater Mountain, Sera - Herowana, Jau river, 1000 m, 15IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 015)” (ZSM). These females are a mixture of two species: E. bacchusi and E. warasera.

Diagnosis

For complete description, see Balke (1998: 326). Beetle small to medium-sized: TL-H 3.05–3.9 mm, oblong-oval; dorsally uniformly reddish to dark brown or with paler head and sides of pronotum; shiny, with very fine to distinct punctation and usually weakly impressed microreticulation; pronotum with distinct lateral bead (Fig. 16); male protarsomere 4 with anterolateral seta very long and thin, evenly curved, smaller than more laterally situated large seta; male protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of more than 50 and posterior row of 8 relatively long setae (Fig. 22D); median lobe simple, evenly attenuated to broadly pointed apex in lateral and ventral views; paramere very slightly concave on dorsal side and with long, dense, thin setae, situated along dorsal margin; proximal setae longer that subdistal, more distinct (Fig. 22A–C).

Variability

The species shows variability in size, colouration, how strongly impressed dorsal punctation and, more seldom, microreticulation, and slightly in shape of the apex of the median lobe (Fig. 24).

Affinities

From the species co-occurring in the same area (E. craterensis Shaverdo & Balke, 2014, E. damantiensis (Balke, 1998), E. hintelmannae (Shaverdo, Sagata & Balke, 2005), E. sima, E. kobau sp. nov. and two species of the E. larsoni group), E. bacchusi can be distinguished by its reddish dorsal colouration and shape and setation of the median lobe and paramere. The most similar (in body size and form and colouration) to E. bacchusi are E. warasera sp. nov. and E. haia sp. nov., which occur with it. Only males of these species can be clearly separated by shape and setation of the median lobe and paramere; and therefore, dorsal setae of the paramere are important: in E. bacchusi, proximal setae longer that subdistal, more distinct. For the affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Madang, Simbu, Eastern Highlands, Morobe and Gulf Provinces (Fig. 25). This is one of the most abundant species in the region.

Exocelina bacchusi herzogensis Shaverdo & Balke, ssp. nov.

Figs 17, 23

Exocelina undescribed sp. MB1383: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Central Province, Woitape, 08°33.17'S, 147°15.48'E, 1500 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: male “Papua New Guinea: Central, Woitape, 1500m, i.2008, [08°] 33.178S 147.15.481E, Posman (PNG 167)”, “DNA M.Balke 3401” [green] (ZSM). Paratypes: 1 male, 2 females with the same labels as the holotype (NHMW, ZSM). 1 male “Papua New Guinea: Morobe, Wagau, Herzog Mts., 1150m, 19.xi.2006, 06.51.067S 146.48.068E, Balke & Kinibel (PNG 102)”, “DNA M.Balke 1383” [green] (ZSM).

Description

Body size and form: Beetle small: TL-H 3.4–3.6 mm, TL 3.8–4.0 mm, MW 1.85–2.0 mm (holotype: TL-H 3.6 mm, TL 4.0 mm, MW 2.0 mm), with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Yellow reddish to brown. Head reddish brown to brown, dark brown posterior to eyes. Pronotum yellowish reddish, with small dark area on disc or brown, with paler sides. Elytra yellow reddish to brown. Head appendages and legs proximally yellowish, legs distally darker, reddish brown (Fig. 17). Teneral specimen yellowish.

Surface sculpture: Shiny dorsally, with very fine punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation. Elytral punctation and microreticulation finer then in nominotypical subspecies. Elytral punctation usually invisible.

Structures: Pronotum with lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, slightly rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively broad, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 slightly truncate.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with anterolateral seta rather long and thing, evenly curved, smaller than more laterally situated large seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of more than 60 and posterior row of ten relatively long setae (Fig. 23D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 6–8 lateral striae on each side. Median lobe simple, evenly tapering towards apex in lateral and ventral views; in lateral view, apex elongate, thin, with slightly enlarged, rounded tip (Fig. 23A, B). Paramere as in Fig. 23C.

Female: Without evident differences in external morphology from males, except for not modified protarsi and abdominal ventrite 6 without striae.

Variability

Colouration of the specimens from Woitape distinctly paler, yellowish; the specimen form Wagau much darker, brown.

Affinities

From the nominotypical subspecies, it can be distinguished by shinier dorsal surface, shorter setae of male protarsomere 4, and by apex of the median lone elongate, thinner, with slightly enlarged tip. The further study is necessary to confirm the status of this taxon, which seems to replace the nominotypical subspecies in the Papuan Peninsula.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Morobe and Central Provinces (Fig. 25).

Etymology

The subspecies is named after Herzog Mts., where the subspecies was the first time discovered. The name is an adjective in the nominative singular.

Exocelina erteldi (Balke, 1998)

Figs 14, 20

Copelatus (Papuadytes) erteldi Balke, 1998: 330; Nilsson 2001: 76 (catalogue).

Papuadytes erteldi (Balke, 1998): Nilsson and Fery 2006: 56 (comb. nov.).

Exocelina erteldi (Balke, 1998): Nilsson 2007: 33 (comb. nov.).

Type locality

Indonesia: Papua Province: Pegunungan Bintang Regency, Borme, ca. 04°24'S, 140°25'E, 1200 m a.s.l.

Type material studied

Holotype: male “IRIAN JAYA Zentralmassive 140°25'E 04°24'S”, “14./17.8.1992 Borme, 1900m leg. Balke (11)”, “Copelatus erteldi Balke des. 1997” [red], “HOLOTYPUS” [red] (NHMW). Paratypes: 1 female with the same label as the holotype and additionally with a red label “Paratypus Copelatus erteldi Balke des. 1997” (NHMW). 54 males, 35 females “IRIAN JAYA Zentralmassive 140°25'E 04°24'S”, “Borme, 1800m 16.8.1992 leg. Balke (12, 12 A)”, one of the males with two additional labels “M.Balke 3273” [green] and “M.Balke 6404 DNA” [green text], another male with an additional green label “M.Balke 3273” (CGW, NHMW). Note: in the original description (Balke 1998), number of specimens of the locality (12, 12 A) is erroneously given as “43 males, 46 females”. 1 female “12./18.8.1992 Borme, 100m leg. Balke (7)”, “Paratypus Copelatus erteldi Balke des. 1997”, this paratyte does not belong to species of E. erteldi but to E. bifida Shaverdo et al. 2012.

Additional material

1 male “IRIAN JAYA Zentralmassive 140°25'E 04°24'S”, “Borme, 1800m 16.8.1992 leg. Balke (12, 12 A)”, “Paratypus Copelatus fume Balke des. 1997” [red] (NHMW).

Diagnosis

For complete description, see Balke (1998: 330). Beetle small (TL-H 3.45–3.75 mm), oblong-oval; brown to piceous, usually with paler pronotal sides; dorsally more or less shiny, with fine but conspicuous punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation; pronotum with distinct lateral bead (Fig. 14); male protarsomere 4 with anterolateral seta thin, weakly curved, smaller than more laterally situated large seta; male protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of ca. 70 and posterior row of 6 relatively long setae (Fig. 20D); median lobe in lateral view evenly attenuated to elongate, thin apex, which slightly pointed in ventral view; paramere slightly concave on dorsal side and with distinct, long, dense, uniform setae, situated along dorsal margin (Fig. 20A–C).

Affinities

The species can be distinguished from the species co-occurring in the same area (E. ascendens, E. aipomek, E. takime, the E. ekari group: E. eme Shaverdo and E. bifida, the E. danae group: E. damantiensis and E. danae, the E. okbapensis group: E. ketembang, E. talaki, and E. okbapensis, and all species of the E. aipo group) by body size and colouration, presence of pronotal bead, fine but conspicuous dorsal punctation, and shape and setation of its median lobe, paramere, and male protarsomere 4. For the affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Indonesia: Papua Province: Pegunungan Bintang Regency, Borme (Fig. 25). The species is known only from the type material.

Exocelina oiwa Shaverdo & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 12, 18

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Morobe Province, Aseki, Oiwa (a village about 100 km to the west of Bulolo), 7°18'00.0"S, 146°14'00.0"E, 1600–1700 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: male “PAPUA N. G.: Morobe Prov. Aseki, Oiwa, 1600–1700 m, 11.–12.3.1998 leg. A. Riedel” (NHMW). Paratypes: 4 males, 2 females with the same labels as the holotype, one male and one female additionally with labels “SEM 19” (NHMW, ZSM).

Description

Body size and form: Beetle small: TL-H 3.3–3.5 mm, TL 3.7–3.95 mm, MW 1.85–1.95 mm (holotype: TL-H 3.5 mm, TL 3.95 mm, MW 1.95 mm), with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Fast uniformly reddish brown. Head reddish brown, darker posterior eyes. Pronotum reddish brown, slightly darker on disc. Elytra reddish brown, sometimes slightly darker than pronotum. Head appendages and legs proximally yellowish, legs distally darker, reddish (Fig. 12).

Surface sculpture: Submatt dorsally, with strong and dense punctation and strongly impressed microreticulation. Head with dense and coarse punctation (spaces between punctures 0–1 times size of punctures); diameter of punctures equal to or larger than diameter of cells of microreticulation. Pronotum and elytra with finer and sparser punctation than on head, very distinct, more even on elytra. Pronotum and elytra with strongly impressed microreticulation; head with microreticulation stronger. Metaventrite, metacoxae, and abdominal ventrites distinctly microreticulate, but shiny. Metacoxal plates with longitudinal strioles and weak transverse wrinkles; abdominal ventrites with strioles. Punctation on venter weak; more distinct on two last abdominal ventrites.

Structures: Pronotum with lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, slightly rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively broad, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 broadly rounded or slightly truncate.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with anterolateral seta rather long and thin, evenly curved, equal to laterally situated large seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of ca. 60 and posterior row of five relatively long setae (Fig. 18D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 8–9 lateral striae on each side. Median lobe short, evenly tapering to apex in lateral and ventral views, very tip of apex thickened dorsally (Fig. 18A, B). Paramere as in Fig. 18D.

Female: Without evident differences in external morphology from males, except for not modified protarsi and abdominal ventrite 6 without striae.

Affinities

From the species co-occurring in the same area (from E. danae, E. ekari, E. broschii, and E. ullrichi groups), E. oiwa sp. nov. can be distinguished by its size, dorsal punctation and colouration, shape and setation of its median lobe and paramere, and thin, evenly curved anterolateral seta of the protarsomere 4. The species is especially similar to E. aseki sp. nov., from which it can be distinguished by shape of its median lobe. For the affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Morobe Province (Fig. 25).

Etymology

The species is named after Oiwa Village. The name is a noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition.

Exocelina oksibilensis Shaverdo, Surbakti, Warikar & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 15, 21

Type locality

Indonesia: Papua Province, Pegunungan Bintang Regency, south from Ok Sibil, tributary Digul River 05°03'25.9"S, 140°43'21.1"E, 359 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: male “Indonesia: Papua, S Ok Sibil, tributary Digul Riv, 359m, 9.vi.2018, -5,05718389 140,722535848617, Sumoked (Pap051)” (MZB). Paratypes: 4 males, 13 females with the same label as the holotype, 2 males with additional labels “6996” [green text], “7001” [green text] (KSP, MZB, ZSM).

Description

Body size and form: Beetle small: TL-H 3.05–3.35 mm, TL 3.5–3.7 mm, MW 1.7–1.85 mm (holotype: TL-H 3.35 mm, TL 3.7 mm, MW 1.85 mm), usually with oval, egg-shaped habitus.

Colouration: Reddish brown to brown. Head reddish brown to dark brown, paler anteriorly. Pronotum dark brown on disc and narrower or broader reddish on sides. Elytra reddish brown to dark brown, with reddish sutural lines. Head appendages and legs proximally yellowish, legs distally darker, reddish brown (Fig. 15).

Surface sculpture: Shiny dorsally, with fine punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation. Head with fine and sparse punctation (spaces between punctures 2–3 times size of punctures); diameter of punctures equal to or smaller than diameter of cells of microreticulation. Pronotum and elytra with much finer and sparser punctation than on head, sometimes inconspicuous. Pronotum and elytra with weakly impressed microreticulation; head with microreticulation slightly stronger. Metaventrite, metacoxae, and abdominal ventrites distinctly microreticulate. Metacoxal plates with longitudinal strioles and weak transverse wrinkles; abdominal ventrites with strioles. Punctation on venter invisible; inconspicuous on two last abdominal ventrites.

Structures: Pronotum with narrow lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, slightly rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively broad, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 slightly truncate.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with anterolateral seta rather long and thing, evenly curved, smaller than more laterally situated large seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of more than 60 and posterior row of 4 relatively long setae (Fig. 21D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 3–6 lateral striae on each side. Median lobe simple, evenly tapering to broadly pointed apex in lateral and ventral views (Fig. 21A, B). Paramere as in Fig. 21C.

Female: Without evident differences in external morphology from males, except for not modified protarsi and abdominal ventrite 6 without striae.

Affinities

The species is very similar to E. bacchusi in shape of the median lobe but can be distinguished from it by smaller size and egg-shaped habitus and shorter setae of male protarsomere 4. From the other species co-occurring in the same province (E. ascendens, E. aipomek, E. takime, the E. ekari group: E. eme Shaverdo and E. bifida, the E. danae group: E. damantiensis and E. danae, the E. okbapensis group: E. ketembang, E. talaki and E. okbapensis, and all species of the E. aipo group), it can be separated by body size and form, presence of pronotal bead, and the shape and setation of its median lobe, paramere, and male protarsomere 4. For the affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Indonesia: Papua Province, Pegunungan Bintang Regency, Ok Sibil area (Fig. 25).

Etymology

The species is named after Ok Sibil River. The name is an adjective in the nominative singular.

Key to the species of Exocelina bacchusi group

1 Beetle dorsally submatt, with strong and dense punctation and strongly impressed microreticulation (Fig. 12) oiwa sp. nov.
Beetle dorsally shiny, often with very weak punctation, invisible on elytra, and weakly impressed microreticulation 2
2 Anterolateral seta of male protarsomere 4 hook-like, large, strongly curved (Fig. 19D) akameku sp. nov.
Anterolateral seta of male protarsomere 4 thin, long, slightly curved, equal to or smaller than more laterally situated large setae 3
3 Median lobe with subparallel sides and short apex in ventral view; in lateral view, apex elongate. Setae of paramere uniform, distinct (Fig. 20) erteldi (Balke, 1998)
Median lobe more or less evenly tapering to apex in ventral and lateral views. Proximal setae of paramere usually longer, sometimes also much stronger, than subdistal 4
4 Beetle usually smaller, TL-H 3.05–3.35 mm (Fig. 15), oval, egg-shaped. Anterolateral seta of male protarsomere 4 shorter and thicker (Fig. 21D). Median lobe and paramere as in Fig. 21A–C oksibilensis sp. nov.
Beetle usually larger, TL-H 3.05–3.9 mm (Figs 16, 17), elongate. Anterolateral seta of male protarsomere 4 very long and thing (Fig. 22D). Median lobe and paramere as in Fig. 22A–C 5
5 Beetle with stronger elytral microreticulation and more distinct punctation, duller (Fig. 16). Apex of median lobe shorter, thicker (Fig. 22A, B) bacchusi (Balke, 1998)
Beetle with weaker elytral microreticulation and usually invisible elytral punctation, shinier (Fig. 17). Apex of median lobe more elongate, thinner (Fig. 23A, B) bacchusi herzogensis ssp. nov.
Figures 12–17. 

Habitus and colouration 12 Exocelina oiwa sp. nov. 13 E. akameku sp. nov. 14 E. erteldi (Balke, 1998) 15 E. oksibilensis sp. nov. 16 E. bacchusi (Balke, 1998) 17 E. bacchusi herzogensis sp. nov.

Figures 18, 19. 

18 Exocelina oiwa sp. nov. 19 E. akameku sp. nov. A median lobe in ventral view B median lobe in lateral view C paramere in external view D male protarsomeres 4–5 in ventral view.

Figures 20, 21. 

20 Exocelina erteldi (Balke, 1998) 21 E. oksibilensis sp. nov. A median lobe in ventral view B median lobe in lateral view C paramere in external view D male protarsomeres 4–5 in ventral view.

Figures 22, 23. 

22 Exocelina bacchusi (Balke, 1998), paratype (Madang, Damanti) 23 E. bacchusi herzogensis ssp. nov. A median lobe in ventral view B median lobe in lateral view C paramere in external view D male protarsomeres 4–5 in ventral view.

Figure 24. 

Exocelina bacchusi (Balke, 1998), median lobe in lateral view A Madang, Adelbet Mt B Madang, Bismarck Range C Madang, Wilhelm Mt D Simbu, Crater Mt E EHL, Bena F Morobe, Kobau G Morobe, Yus H Gulf, Marawaka.

Figure 25. 

Map of the eastern part of New Guinea showing distribution of the species of the E. bacchusi group.

Exocelina jaseminae group

This group is characterised by fine to coarse dorsal punctation; pronotum with distinct lateral bead; median lobe of aedeagus without setation; in ventral view, with distinctly concave apex forming two apical lobes; in lateral view, apex tip prolongated into characteristic “nose”; apexes of ventral sclerites of median lobe almost equal or slightly unequal; paramere without distinct notch but slightly concave on dorsal side, its subdistal part with dense, strong setae, proximal setae inconspicuous.

Exocelina aseki Shaverdo & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 21, 22–23, 49

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Morobe Province, Aseki, Oiwa, ca. 07°21'01.5"S, 146°11'38.4"E, 1600–1700 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: male “PAPUA N. G.: Morobe Prov. Aseki, Oiwa, 1600–1700 m, 11.–12.3.1998 leg. A. Riedel”, “SEM 19” (NHMW).

Description

Body size and form: Beetle small: TL-H 3.4 mm, TL 3.8 mm, MW 1.8 mm, with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Reddish brown. Head reddish brown. Pronotum reddish brown, dark brown on disc and almost yellowish on lateral sides. Elytra brown, with reddish sutural lines. Head appendages and legs proximally yellowish, legs distally darker, reddish (Fig. 26).

Surface sculpture: Submatt dorsally, with strong and dense punctation and strongly impressed microreticulation. Head with dense and coarse punctation (spaces between punctures 0–1 times size of punctures); diameter of punctures equal to or larger than diameter of cells of microreticulation. Pronotum and elytra with finer and sparser punctation than on head, very distinct, more even on elytra. Pronotum and elytra with strongly impressed microreticulation; head with microreticulation stronger. Metaventrite, metacoxae, and abdominal ventrites distinctly microreticulate, but shiny. Metacoxal plates with longitudinal strioles and weak transverse wrinkles; abdominal ventrites with strioles. Punctation on venter weak; more distinct on two last abdominal ventrites.

Structures: Pronotum with lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, slightly rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively broad, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 broadly rounded.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with anterolateral seta very long and thin, evenly curved, in size equal to more laterally situated large seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of ca. 80 and posterior row of ca. 16 relatively long setae, which mixed up medially (Fig. 30D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 4–6 lateral striae on each side. Median lobe in lateral view with apical lobes distinct but shallow, slightly rounded, “nose” elongate, large (Fig. 30A, B). Paramere as in Fig. 30C.

Female: Unknown.

Affinities

From the species co-occurring in the same area (from E. danae, E. ekari, E. broschii, and E. ullrichi groups), E. aseki sp. nov. can be distinguished by its size, dorsal punctation and colouration, shape and setation of its median lobe and paramere, and thin anterolateral seta of the male protarsomere 4. The species is especially similar to E. oiwa sp. nov., from which it can be distinguished by shape of its median lobe. For the affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Morobe Province (Fig. 34).

Etymology

The species is named after Aseki Village. The name is a noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition.

Exocelina jaseminae (Balke, 1998)

Figs 27, 31

Copelatus (Papuadytes) jaseminae Balke, 1998: 331; Nilsson 2001: 77 (catalogue).

Papuadytes jaseminae (Balke, 1998): Nilsson and Fery 2006: 56 (comb. nov.).

Exocelina jaseminae (Balke, 1998): Nilsson 2007: 33 (comb. nov.).

Exocelina jaseminae MB1382: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Morobe Province, Herzog Range, Wagau (Vagau), ca. 06°48'S, 146°48'E, ca. 1300 m a.s.l.

Type material studied

Holotype: male “Stn. No. 150”, “NEW GUINEA: Morobe Dist., Herzog Mts., Vagau, C.4,000ft. 4–17.i.1965”, “M. E. Bacchus. B. M. 1965-120”, “HOLOTYPUS” [red], “Copelatus jaseminae sp. nov. Balke des. 1997” [red] (BMNH). Paratypes: 2 males, 3 females with the same label as the holotype and additionally with a red label “Paratypus Copelatus jaseminae sp.n. Balke des. 1997”, one of the males with an additional label “measured J. Parkin 85” (BMNH, NHMW). 1 male with the same label as the holotype, the red paratype label missing (BMNH).

Additional material

Morobe: 1 male “Stn. No. 149A”, “NEW GUINEA: Morobe Dist., Herzog Mts., Vagau, C.4,000ft. 4–17.i.1965”, “M. E. Bacchus. B. M. 1965-120”, “Paratypus Copelatus monae sp.n. Balke des. 1997” [red], “Exocelina jaseminae (Balke) det. H.Shaverdo 2014” (BMNH). 2 males “Papua New Guinea: Morobe, Wagau, Herzog Mts., 1150m, 19.xi.2006, 06.51.067S 146.48.068E, Balke & Kinibel (PNG 102)”, one male with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 1382” (ZSM). 1 male, 2 females “Papua New Guinea: Morobe, Wagau, Herzog Mts., 1150m, 19.xi.2006, 06.51.067S 146.48.068E, Balke & Kinibel (PNG 103)” (ZSM). 2 males “Papua New Guinea: Gulf [sic!], Menyamya, Mt Inji 1700m, 14.xi.2006 nr 07.14.813S 146.01.330E Balke & Kinibel (PNG 96)” (ZSM). 9 males “PAPUA N. G.: Morobe Prov. Aseki, Oiwa, 1600–1700 m, 11.–12.3.1998 leg. A. Riedel” (NHMW). 6 males, 2 females “Papua New Guinea: Gulf [Morobe], Marawaka, Andakombe towards Morobe, 1100m, 12.xi.200, 07.09.766S, 145.46.333E, Balke & Kinibel (PNG 92)” (NHMW, ZSM). Eastern Highlands: 38 males, 38 females “Papua New Guinea: Eastern Highlands, Marawaka, Ande, 1700m, 8.xi.2005, 07.01.697S 145.49.807E, Balke & Kinibel (PNG 86)”, one male with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 1365” (NHMW, ZSM). 49 males, 40 females “Papua New Guinea: Eastern Highlands, Marawaka, Ande, 1700–1800m, 9.xi.2006, 07.01.697S 145.49.807E, Balke & Kinibel (PNG 87)” (NHMW, ZSM).

Diagnosis

For complete description, see Balke (1998: 331). Beetle medium-sized: TL-H 3.55–4.1 mm; oblong-oval; brown to dark brown, with reddish to reddish brown pronotal sides or pronotum and often head; shiny, with very fine, on elytra often almost invisible punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation; pronotum with lateral bead (Fig. 27); male protarsomere 4 with anterolateral seta thin, evenly curved, smaller than or equal to more laterally situated large seta; male protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of more than 60 and posterior row of 13–15 relatively long setae (Fig. 31D); median lobe in lateral view with apical lobes distinctly developed and rounded, “nose” small but distinct; paramere slightly concave on dorsal side and with long, dense, thin setae, situated along dorsal margin distinctly divided to dense and strong subdistal setae and sparser proximal ones, setae in middle short and fine (Fig. 31A–C).

Affinities

In the area of its distribution, E. jaseminae co-occurs with numerous species of the E. ekari, E. ullrichi, E. broschii, and E. danae groups. From them, this species can be distinguished by its size, dorsal colouration, surface sculpture, simple male antennae, presence of pronotal bead, and mainly by the shape of its median lobe. In its external appearance, E. jaseminae is especially similar to E. monae (Balke, 1998), from which can be distinguished by the shape of its median lobe. For the affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Eastern Highlands and Morobe Provinces (Fig. 34).

Exocelina kailaki Shaverdo & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 28, 32

Exocelina undescribed sp. MB3409: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Central Province, Kailaki, 09°24.134'S, 147°33.521'E, 827 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: male “Papua New Guinea: Central, Moroka area, Kailaki, 827 m, 26.x.2009, 9.24.134S 147.33.521E, Sagata (PNG225)” (ZSM). Paratypes: 14 males, 27 females with the same label as the holotype (NHMW, ZSM). 3 males, 5 females “Papua New Guinea Central, Moroka, Kailaki Wareaga, 760m, 27x2009 9.25.424S 147.31.068E Sagata (PNG227)” (ZSM). 1 male “Stn. No. 200B”, “PAPUA: Musgrave River, Sogeri Plateau, Nr. Pt. Moresby 16.iii.1965”, “M.E. Bacchus. B.M. 1965-120” (BMNH). 15 males, 16 females “Papua New Guinea: Central, Myola, 1110m, i.2008, 09 12.630S 147.31.880E, Posman (PNG 177)”, one male with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 3409” (NHMW, ZSM). 7 males, 6 females “Papua New Guinea: Central, Kokoda Trek, 1390m, i.2008, [09°] 00.338S 147.44.252E, Posman (PNG 173)” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 male “Papua New Guinea: Central, 755m, 28.x.2009 S9.25.47.5 E147.32 59.1, Sagata (PNG229)” (ZSM).

Description

Body size and form: Beetle small: TL-H 3.1–3.85 mm, TL 3.45–4.35 mm, MW 1.7–2.05 mm (holotype: TL-H 3.4 mm, TL 3.75 mm, MW 1.85 mm), with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Piceous, with paler sides of pronotum and head anteriorly. Head reddish brown to dark brown, paler anteriorly. Pronotum dark brown, to piceous on disc and to reddish on sides. Elytra uniformly dark brown to piceous. Head appendages and legs proximally yellowish to reddish, legs distally darker, reddish brown (Fig. 28). Teneral specimen paler, brown to reddish brown with to yellowish pronotum and head.

Surface sculpture: Shiny dorsally, with extremely fine, sparse punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation. Head with fine and sparse punctation (spaces between punctures 2–3 times size of punctures); diameter of punctures smaller than diameter of cells of microreticulation. Pronotum with much finer and sparser punctation than on head, very inconspicuous. Punctation on elytra invisible. Pronotum and elytra with weakly impressed microreticulation; head with microreticulation slightly stronger. Metaventrite, metacoxae, and abdominal ventrites distinctly microreticulate. Metacoxal plates with longitudinal strioles and weak transverse wrinkles. Punctation on venter invisible; inconspicuous on two last abdominal ventrites.

Structures: Pronotum with narrow lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, slightly rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively broad, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 truncate.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with large, thick, strongly curved anterolateral hook-like seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior narrow band of 26 setae and posterior row of six relatively long setae (Fig. 32D). Abdominal ventrites 1–3 with long strioles, abdominal ventrites 4–6 without strioles or with 1–2 small lateral strioles on each side. Median lobe with apical lobes weakly developed, not rounded, truncate in lateral view, “nose” usually indistinct (Fig. 32A, B). Paramere as in Fig. 32C.

Female: Without evident differences in external morphology from males, except for not modified protarsi. Abdominal ventrites 1–2 with strioles, abdominal ventrites 3–6 without strioles.

Variability

Shape of apex of the medial lobe varies. In some specimens, especially from Myola, it is not clearly truncate in lateral view but very slightly concave and, due to that, the “nose” is more distinct.

Affinities

Exocellina kailaki sp. nov. can be distinguished from the species of the E. danae group, E. nomax and E. pulchella sp. nov., co-occurring in the same area by its size, dorsal colouration and punctation, and shape and setation of its median lobe and paramere. For the affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Central Province (Fig. 34).

Etymology

The species is named after Kailaki Village. The name is a noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition.

Exocelina pseudojaseminae Shaverdo & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 29, 33

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Central Province, Kokoda Track, 09°14.34'S, 147°40.54'E, 1400 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: male “Papua New Guinea: Central, Kokoda Trek, 1400m, i.2008, [09°] 14.339S 147 40.538E, Posman (PNG 171)” (ZSM). Paratypes: 3 males, 2 females with the same label as the holotype (NHMW, ZSM).

Description

Body size and form: Beetle medium-sized: TL-H 3.4–3.85 mm, TL 3.8–4.25 mm, MW 1.8–2.1 mm (holotype: TL-H 3.65 mm, TL 4.0 mm, MW 1.95 mm), with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Brown to dark brown, with paler sides of pronotum and head. Head reddish brown, dark brown posterior to eyes. Pronotum reddish brown to brown, with reddish sides. Elytra brown to dark brown, sometimes with weak reddish sutural lines. Head appendages and legs proximally yellowish to reddish, legs distally darker, reddish brown (Fig. 29).

Surface sculpture: More or less shiny dorsally, with fine but distinct punctation and distinctly impressed microreticulation. Head with coarse and dense punctation (no spaces between punctures or spaces 1–2 times size of punctures); diameter of punctures equal to diameter of cells of microreticulation. Pronotum with much finer and sparser punctation than on head. Elytra with distinct punctation, slightly finer and sparser than on pronotum. Pronotum and elytra with weakly or more strongly impressed microreticulation; head with microreticulation stronger. Metaventrite, metacoxae, and abdominal ventrites distinctly microreticulate. Metacoxal plates with longitudinal strioles and weak transverse wrinkles. Abdominal ventrites with strioles and very fine, sparse punctation.

Structures: Pronotum with lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, slightly rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively narrow, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 slightly truncate.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with large, thick, strongly curved anterolateral hook-like seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of more than 60 and posterior band of ca. 30 relatively long setae, which connected approximately in middle (Fig. 33D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 1–4 lateral strioles on each side. Median lobe with apical lobes very strongly developed, rounded in lateral view, “nose” small but distinct (Fig. 33A, B). Paramere as in Fig. 33C.

Female: Without evident differences in external morphology from males, except for not modified protarsi and abdominal ventrites 5 and 6 without strioles.

Affinities

Exocellina pseudojaseminae sp. nov. can be distinguished by its size, dorsal colouration and punctation, shape and setation of its median lobe and paramere from the species of the E. danae group (E. nomax and E. pulchella sp. nov.) co-occurring in the same area. In its external appearance and shape of the median lobe, E. pseudojaseminae is very similar to E. jaseminae but it has more strongly developed apical lobes of the median lobe and much larger, hook-like anterolateral seta of the male protarsomere 4. For further affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Central Province (Fig. 34).

Etymology

The species was mistaken for E. jaseminae due to their similarity in general appearance and shape of the median lobe. The name is a noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition.

Key to the species of Exocelina jaseminae group

1 Beetle dorsally submatt, with strong and dense punctation and strongly impressed microreticulation (Fig. 26) aseki sp. nov.
Beetle dorsally shiny, with very weak punctation, often invisible on elytra, and weakly impressed microreticulation (e.g., Fig. 27) 2
2 Anterolateral seta of male protarsomere 4 thin, slightly curved, equal to or smaller than more laterally situated large setae (Fig. 31D). Median lobe and paramere as in Fig. 31A, C jaseminae (Balke, 1998)
Anterolateral seta of male protarsomere 4 hook-like, large, strongly curved 3
3 Apical lobes of median lobe weak, truncate in lateral view, “nose” indistinct (Fig. 32B). Paramere as in Fig. 32C. Beetle smaller, TL-H 3.1–3.85 mm (Fig. 28) kailaki sp. nov.
Apical lobes of median lobe strong, rounded in lateral view, “nose” distinct (Fig. 33B). Paramere as in Fig. 33C. Beetle larger, TL-H 3.4–3.85 mm (Fig. 29) pseudojaseminae sp. nov.
Figures 26–29. 

Habitus and colouration 26 Exocelina aseki sp. nov. 27 E. jaseminae (Balke, 1998) 28 E. kailaki sp. nov. 29 E. pseudojaseminae sp. nov.

Figures 30, 31. 

30 Exocelina aseki sp. nov. 31 E. jaseminae (Balke, 1998) A median lobe in ventral view B median lobe in lateral view C paramere in external view D male protarsomeres 4–5 in ventral view.

Figures 32, 33. 

32 Exocelina kailaki sp. nov. 33 E. pseudojaseminae sp. nov. A median lobe in ventral view B median lobe in lateral view C paramere in external view D male protarsomeres 4–5 in ventral view.

Figure 34. 

Map of the eastern part of New Guinea showing distribution of the species of the E. jaseminae group.

Exocelina larsoni group

This group is characterised by fine and sparse dorsal punctation; pronotum with very narrow lateral bead; median lobe of aedeagus with or without setation, very broad, robust, with sides strongly thickened; in ventral view, almost parallel-sided, with slight median constriction; apexes of ventral sclerites of median lobe very unequal: right one much longer than left one; paramere slightly concave on dorsal side and with long and dense subdistal and inconspicuous proximal setae.

Exocelina larsoni (Balke, 1998)

Figs 35, 40

Copelatus (Papuadytes) larsoni Balke, 1998: 332; Nilsson 2001: 77 (catalogue).

Papuadytes larsoni (Balke, 1998): Nilsson and Fery 2006: 56 (comb. nov.).

Exocelina larsoni (Balke, 1998): Nilsson 2007: 34 (comb. nov.).

Exocelina larsoni MB1299: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Madang Province, Baiteta, 05°01'00"S, 145°45'00"E, ca. 700 m a.s.l.

Type material studied

Paratypes: 2 males “PAPUA NEW GUINEA Baiteta March 13, 1991 D. J. Larson” (NHMW). Note: According to the original description (Balke 1998), the holotype is deposited in the collection of D. Larson and is in the Australian National Insect Collection now. The holotype was not studied since the species is very characteristic and two paratypes from the same locality were examined.

Additional material

Madang: 7 males, 2 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang Province, Wanang village, ca 110 m, 20.ix.2013, 05.15.458S 145.02.389E, David Boukal (PNG2013-13)” (NHMW, ZSM). 4 males, 5 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang Province, Wanang village env., Wanang conservation area, 250 m, 21.ix.2013, 05.15.458S 145.02.389E, David Boukal (PNG2013-20)” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 male “Papua New Guinea: Madang Province, Wanang village env., Wanang conservation area, 250 m, 22.ix.2013, 05.15.458S 145.02.389E, David Boukal (PNG2013-24)” (NHMW). 1 female “Papua New Guinea: Madang Province, Wanang village env., Wanang conservation area, 250 m, 22.ix.2013, 05.15.458S 145.02.389E, David Boukal (PNG2013-31)” (NHMW). 16 males, 4 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang Province, Wanang village env., Wanang conservation area, 250 m, 23.ix.2013, 05.15.458S 145.02.389E, David Boukal (PNG2013-33)” (NHMW, ZSM). 8 males, 11 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang Province, Wanang village env., Wanang conservation area, 250 m, 23.ix.2013, 05.15.458S 145.02.389E, David Boukal (PNG2013-37)” (NHMW, ZSM). 2 males, 1 female “Papua New Guinea: Madang Province, Wanang village env., Wanang conservation area, 250 m, 24.ix.2013, 05.15.458S 145.02.389E, David Boukal (PNG2013-39)” (NHMW). 33 males, 3 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang Province, Wanang village env., Wanang conservation area, 250 m, 25.ix.2013, 05.15.458S 145.02.389E, David Boukal (PNG2013-44)” (NHMW, ZSM). 4 males, 1 female “V.Kolář Lgt. Papua New Guinea Wanang III 4–20.7.2013” (NHMW). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 18–20.xi.2012 Wanang -5,227670193 145,0797424”, “FIT-WAN-G-1/8-d01 / Plot 7 / P0596 Vial 22305-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 male “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 20–22.xi.2012 Wanang -5,227670193 145,0797424”, “FIT-WAN-P-2/8-d04 / Plot 16 / P0669 Vial 22273-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 24–26.xi.2012 Wanang -5,227670193 145,0797424”, “FIT-WAN-H-4/8-d07 / Plot 8 / P0607 Vial 17640-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 male “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 30.x.–2.xii.2012 Wanang -5,227670193 145,0797424”, “FIT-WAN-L-7/8-d14 / Plot 12 / P0642 Vial 17744-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 2–4.xii.2012 Wanang FIT-WAN-D-8/8-d15 / Plot 4 / P0579 Vial 17568-CODYTI” (ZSM). 3 males “Papua New Guinea: Madang, below Bundi, 500 m, 26.IX.2002 Balke & Sagata (PNG 023)”, one of them with an additional green label “269 DNA M Balke” and “sp 24 SEM 19” (ZSM). 5 males, 3 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Brahmin, 150 m, 26.IX.2002 Balke & Sagata (PNG 024)”, two of males with additional green labels “274 DNA M Balke”, “275 DNA M Balke” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 male “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Adalbert [sic!] Mts., Keki, 850m, 4.v.2006, nr 04.42.300S 145.25.089E, Manaono leg. (PNG 52)” (ZSM). 2 males, 5 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Adalbert [sic!] Mts., creek nr Keki, 790m, 28.xi.1994, 04.42.300S 145.25.089E, Binatang Boys leg. (PNG 53a)” (ZSM). 1 male, 1 female “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Adalbert Mts., Keki to Sewan, 650m, 7.v.1994, 04.41.802S 145.25.460E, Balke (PNG 54)”, male with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 1299” (ZSM). 16 males, 8 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Usino, 260m, 15.iii.2007, 05.31.125S 145.25.316E, Kinibel (PNG 158)”, one male with an additional green label “DNA M. Balke 3307” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 male, 1 female “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Mt. Tapo, 180 m, ii.2008 5 24.11.00 S 145 36 17 16 E, BRC leg. (PNG 178)” (ZSM). 4 males, 8 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Wannang, 270m 31.x.2008, 05.15.458S 145.02.389E, Posman, (PNG187)” (ZSM). 17 males, 25 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Wannang, 230m 3.x.2008, 05.17.235S 145.06.160E, Posman (PNG188)”, three males additionally with green labels “DNA M.Balke 3763”, “DNA M.Balke 3767”, “DNA M.Balke 3768” (NHMW, ZSM). 2 males “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Akameku - Brahmin, Bismarck Range, 250–500m, 25.xi.2006, nr 05.47.026S 145.24.131E, Balke & Kinibel (PNG 115)”, one of them with an additional green abel “DNA M.Balke 1363” (ZSM). 13 males, 22 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Keki, Adalbert Mts., 500m, 29.xi.1994, 04.43.058S 145.24.437E, Balke & Kinibel (PNG 118)” (NHMW, ZSM). 38 males, 56 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Keki, Adalbert Mts., 400m, 29.xi.1994, 04.43.058S 145.24.437E, Binatang Boys, (PNG 119)” (NHMW, ZSM). 60 males, 97 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Keki-Sewan, Adalbert Mts., 700m, 30.xi.1994 nr 04.41.802S 145.25.460E Binatang Boys (PNG 120)” (NHMW, ZSM). 7 males, 8 females “Papua New Guinea: Madang, Keki-Sewan, Adalbert Mts., 300m 30.xi.1994, 04.40.558S 145.27.187E, Binatang Boys, (PNG 121)” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 25–27.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667”, “FIT-MW700-C-1/8-d01 / Plot 3 / P1114 Vial 16039-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 male “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 26–28.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m FIT-MW700-O-1/8-d02 / Plot 1 / P1210 Vial 16172-CODYTI” (ZSM). 4 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 26–28.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667 MW0700 / P1210 Vial 16172” (ZSM). 1 male, 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 26–28.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m”, “-5,731960773 145,2521667 FIT-MW700-S-1/8-d02 / Plot 19 / P1242 Vial 16118-CODYTI” (ZSM). 2 males, 3 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 26–28.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667 MW700 / P1234 Vial 16270” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 27–29.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m”, “-5,731960773 145,2521667 FIT-MW700-A-2/8-d03 / Plot 1 / P1099 Vial 15960-CODYTI” (ZSM). 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 27–29.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m”, “-5,731960773 145,2521667 FIT-MW700-C-2/8-d03 / Plot 3 / P1115 Vial 15923-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 male, 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 27–29.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667”, “FIT-MW700-A-2/8-d03 / Plot 1 / P1099 Vial 15958-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 27–29.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667”, “FIT-MW700-G-2/8-d03 / Plot 7 / P1147 Vial 16042-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 27–29.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667”, “FIT-MW700-H-2/8-d03 / Plot 8 / P1155 Vial 15976-CODYTI” (ZSM). 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 27–29.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667”, “FIT-MW700-E-2/8-d03 / Plot 5 / P1131 Vial 15937-CODYTI” (ZSM). 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 28–30.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667 MW0700 / P1243 Vial 16156” (ZSM). 2 males, 5 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 28–30.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667 MW700 / P1235 Vial 16164” (ZSM). 3 males, 5 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 28–30.x.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m FIT-MW700-O-2/8-d0 / Plot 15 / P1211 Vial 16189-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 30.x.–1.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667 MW0700 / P1252 Vial 15993” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 1–3.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667 MW0700 / P1213 Vial 16236” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 1–3.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m FIT-MW700-M-4/8-d08 / Plot 13 / P1197 Vial 15762-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 2–4.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667”, “FIT-MW700-A-5/8-d09 / Plot 1 / P1102 Vial 16027-CODYTI” (ZSM). 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 2–4.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667”, “FIT-MW700-E-5/8-d09 / Plot 5 / P1134 Vial P1134-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 3–5.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667 MW0700 / P1222 Vial 16098” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 3–5.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667 MW0700 / P1254 Vial 16105” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 3–5.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m FIT-MW700-M-5/8-d10 / Plot 13 / P1198 Vial 16087-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 3–5.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m FIT-MW700-O-5/8-d10 / Plot 15 / P1214 Vial 16088-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 male, 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 3–5.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m”, “-5,731960773 145,2521667 FIT-MW700-R-5/8-d10 / Plot 18 / P1238 Vial 15969-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 3–5.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m”, “-5,731960773 145,2521667 FIT-MW700-K-5/8-d10 / Plot 11 / P1182 Vial 16083-CODYTI” (ZSM). 4 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 4–6.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667”, “FIT-MW700-E-6/8-d11 / Plot 5 / P1135 Vial 07232-CODYTI” (ZSM). 2 males, 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 4–6.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m”, “-5,731960773 145,2521667 FIT-MW700-A-6/8-d11 / Plot 1 / P1103 Vial 07195-CODYTI” (ZSM). 4 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 4–6.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m”, “-5,731960773 145,2521667 FIT-MW700-C-6/8-d11 / Plot 3 / P1119 Vial 07081-CODYTI” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 4–6.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m FIT-MW700-D-6/8-d11 / Plot 4 / P1127 Vial 07061” (ZSM). 1 male, 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 5–7.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667 MW0700 / P1239 Vial 16263” (ZSM). 1 male, 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 6–8.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667”, “FIT-MW700-E-7/8-d13 / Plot 5 / P1136 Vial15886-CODYTI” (ZSM). 2 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 9–11.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 700m -5,731960773 145,2521667 MW0700 / P1217 Vial 16106” (ZSM). 1 male, 3 females “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 3–5.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 200m -5,739897251 145,329742 MW0200 / P0856 Vial 09605” (ZSM). 1 female “Ibisca Niugini, PNG 3–5.xi.2012 Mount Wilhelm 200m -5,739897251 145,329742 MW0200 / P0865 Vial 09576” (ZSM). Eastern Highlands: 6 males, 7 females “Papua New Guinea: Eastern Highlands, Bena Bridge, 1400m, 8.xii.2007, 06.10.781S 145.26.034E, Balke & Sagata (PNG 164)” (NHMW, ZSM).

Diagnosis

For complete description, see Balke (1998: 332). Beetle small or medium-sized: TL-H 3.45–3.9 mm; oblong-oval, sometimes slightly more attenuated posteriorly; with characteristic dorsal colouration: dark (brown to piceous) elytra and pale (reddish to reddish brown pronotum, except for darker disc, and head; shiny, with very fine, on elytra often almost invisible punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation; pronotum with very narrow lateral bead (Fig. 35); male protarsomere 4 with medium-sized, thick, strongly curved anterolateral hook-like seta; male protarsomere 5 with anterior band of ca. 30 and posterior row of nine relatively long setae (Fig. 40D); median lobe robust, without lateral setae apically; in lateral view, with broadened, triangle apex; in ventral view, apex deeply concave; paramere very slightly concave on dorsal side and with long and dense subdistal and inconspicuous proximal setae (Fig. 40A–C).

Affinities

In the area of its distribution, E. larsoni co-occurs with numerous species of the E. ekari, E. ullrichi, E. broschii, and E. danae groups. From all them, this characteristic species can be easily distinguished by its size, colouration, fine surface sculpture, simple male antennae, and mainly by the shape of the median lobe. Even females of the species differ from more similar in body form E. brahminensis Shaverdo et al., 2012 and E. broschii (Balke, 1998) in colouration (more uniform in two latter species) and narrow pronotal bead (absent E. brahminensis in and distinct in E. broschii). For affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Madang and Eastern Highlands Provinces. The species is known from numerous specimens from the central and wertern part of Madang and from northern part of Eastern Highlands (Fig. 45).

Exocelina nomax (J. Balfour-Browne, 1939)

Figs 36, 41

Copelatus nomax J. Balfour-Browne, 1939: 65–66; Guignot 1956: 55 (catalogue); Guéorguiev 1968: 34 (catalogue).

Copelatus nomax J. Balfour-Browne, 1939 sensu Guéorguiev 1978: 268–269 (key); Guéorguiev and Rocchi 1993: 148.

Copelatus (Papuadytes) nomax J. Balfour-Browne, 1939: Balke 1998: 334 (notes, diagnosis); Nilsson 2001: 77 (catalogue).

Papuadytes nomax (J. Balfour-Browne, 1939): Nilsson and Fery 2006: 56 (comb. nov.).

Exocelina nomax (J. Balfour-Browne, 1939): Nilsson 2007: 34 (comb. nov.).

Exocelina undescribed sp. MB3405: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Central Province, Mafulu, ca. 08°30'S, 147°00'E, ca. 1219 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: female “Type” [round, with red bead], “PAPUA: Mafulu. 4,000ft. i.1934. L.E.Cheesman. B.M.1934-321.”, “Copelatus nomax, ♀ Type nov.sp.” [hw, the word “type” with red ink], “Holotype” [red] (BMNH).

Additional material

Central: 23 males, 32 females “Papua New Guinea: Central, Kokoda Trek, 320m, i.2008 [09°] 19.236S 147.31.791E, Posman (PNG 168)”, one male with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 3405” (NHMW, ZSM). 4 males “Papua New Guinea: Central, Kokoda Trek, 980m, i.2008, [09°] 15.933S 147.36.590E, Posman (PNG 169)”, one of them with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 3411” (ZSM). 1 female “Papua New Guinea: Central, Kokoda Trek, 980m, i.2008, [09°] 15.933S 147.36.590E, Posman (PNG 169)”, “DNA M.Balke 4117” [green] (ZSM). 10 males, 2 females “Papua New Guinea: Central, Kokoda Trek, 590m, i.2008, [09°] 14.339S 147.36.920E, Posman (PNG 170)” (NHMW, ZSM). 19 males, 31 females “Papua New Guinea: Central, Tapini, 1200m, 31.x.2007, 08.21.557S 146.58.712E, Kinibel (PNG 162)”, one of the males with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 3306” (NHMW, ZSM). 2 males, 3 females “Papua New Guinea: Central, Moreguina [10°'57"S, 148°28'27"E], 16.viii.2008, Posman (PNG 183)”, males and one female with additional green labels “DNA M.Balke 3745”, “DNA M.Balke 3816”, “DNA M.Balke 3746” respectively (ZSM). 5 males, 9 females “Papua New Guinea: Central, Moroka area, Kailaki, 827 m, 26.x.2009, 9.24.134S 147.33.521E, Sagata (PNG225)” (NHMW, ZSM). 14 males, 8 females “Papua New Guinea: Central, Moroka, Kailaki, 827 m, 26.x.2009, 9.24.113S 147.33.524E, Sagata (PNG226)” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 female “Papua New Guinea Central, Moroka, Kailaki Wareaga, 760m, 27x2009 9.25.424S 147.31.068E Sagata (PNG227)” (ZSM). 27 males, 39 females “Papua New Guinea: Central, 755m, 28.x.2009 S9 25 47 5 E147 32 59.1, Sagata (PNG229)” (NHMW, ZSM). National Capital District: 2 males, 3 females “Papua New Guinea: National Capital District, Varirata NP, 600m, 16.xii.2007, 09.26.13S 147.22.09E, Balke & Sagata (PNG 159)”, males with additional green labels “DNA M.Balke 3304” and “DNA M.Balke 3305” (ZSM).

Redescription

Body size and form: Beetle small: TL-H 3.0–3.8 mm, TL 3.45–4.2 mm, MW 1.7–2.15 mm (holotype: TL-H 3.5 mm, TL 3.95 mm, MW 1.95 mm), with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Dark brown, with paler sides of pronotum and head. Head reddish to reddish brown, darker posterior to eyes. Pronotum brown to dark brown on disc and reddish to reddish brown on sides. Elytra uniformly dark brown. Head appendages and legs proximally yellowish, legs distally darker, reddish brown (Fig. 36). Teneral specimen paler.

Surface sculpture: Shiny dorsally, with inconspicuous punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation. Head with fine and sparse punctation (spaces between punctures 1–3 times size of punctures); diameter of punctures smaller than or equal to diameter of cells of microreticulation. Pronotum with finer and sparser punctation than on head. Punctation on elytra finer and sparser than on pronotum, inconspicuous, in some specimens invisible. Disc of pronotum and elytra with weakly impressed microreticulation; head and lateral sides of pronotum with microreticulation stronger. Metaventrite, metacoxae, and abdominal ventrites distinctly microreticulate. Metacoxal plates with longitudinal strioles and weak transverse wrinkles; abdominal ventrites with strioles. Punctation on venter inconspicuous, slightly stronger on two last abdominal ventrites.

Structures: Pronotum with narrow lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, narrow, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 truncate.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with large, thick, strongly curved anterolateral hook-like seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of ca. 30 and posterior row of nine relatively long setae (Fig. 41D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 7–11 lateral striae on each side. Median lobe slender, without lateral setae apically; in lateral view, evenly curved to broadly pointed, elongate apex; in ventral view, apex slightly truncate, asymmetrical (Fig. 41A, B). Paramere very slightly concave on dorsal side, with long and dense subdistal and inconspicuous proximal setae (Fig. 41C).

Female: Without evident differences in external morphology from males, except for not modified protarsi and abdominal ventrite 6 without striae.

Notes on identity of the additional material with the holotype, affinities

Balke (1998: 334) indicates Exocelina nomax as species minus cognitus. However, our study of the material collected from Tapini, village ca. 20 km north to Mafulu, allows us to consider with certain confidence that it belongs to E. nomax. It is the only Exocelina species collected from this area, and it was collected in abundant number (50 specimens) in Tapini. We assume this locality as the most northern distribution border of the species, which is very numerous in Kokoda and Kailaki areas. Morphologically, the specimens from Tapini, Kokoda, Kailaki and Varirata are identical to the holotype (Fig. 36A, B). Only three species occur close to Tapini-Mafulu area: E. garaina, E. posmani Shaverdo & Balke, 2016, and E. woitapensis Shaverdo & Balke, 2016 (the E. danae group). But they are larger (TL-H 3.6–4.5 mm), and the smallest of them, E. woitapensis, is matt dorsally. Moreover, E. nomax can be differentiated from them by its narrow pronotal bead, a very characteristic feature. Smaller size and narrow bead of the pronotum can be used to distinguish it from E. jaseminae, a species very similar to it in colour and surface structures. From the other species co-occurring in the Central and National Capital District Provinces (E. bacchusi, E. pulchella sp. nov., and species of the E. danae and E. jaseminae groups), E. nomax can be distinguished by its body size and colouration, dorsal punctation and microreticulation, narrow pronotal bead, and shape and setation of its median lobe and paramere. See also under E. warahulenensis sp. nov. and “Key”.

The specimen from Telefomin (Sandaun Province), 1 male “PAPUA, Selminumtem [Selminum Tem, 45 km SWS Telefomin, ca. 5°S; 141°15'E], W.Sepik d. P.Beron leg.”, “Copelatus nomax J.B.Br. det.V. Guéorguiev 1917” [partly hw] (NHMW), which was identified by Guéorguiev & Rocchi (1993: 148) as E. nomax and indicated by Balke (1998: 334, 338) as “sp. 4” has been recently described under the name E. okbapensis Shaverdo & Balke, 2017 (Shaverdo et al. 2017).

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Central and National Capital District Provinces (Fig. 45). The species is known from numerous specimens in the Central Province and a small population in the National Capital District.

Exocelina warahulenensis Shaverdo & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 37, 42

Exocelina undescribed sp. MB0265: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Simbu Province, Crater Mountain, Haia, ca. 06°39'39.9"S, 145°00'28.4"E, 700 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: male “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, Haia, 700m, 11IX2002, Balke & Sagata, (PNG 001)” (ZSM). Paratypes: Simbu: 12 males, 7 females with the same label as the holotype (NHMW, ZSM). 2 males “PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Simbu / EHPr. Crater Mountain, Haia, 700m, 11IX2002, Balke & Sagata, (PNG 1)”, “258 DNA M Balke” [green], “259 DNA M Balke” [green] (ZSM). 2 males, 4 females “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, trek Haia - Wara Sera, 500m, 12IX2002, Balke & Sagata, (PNG 004)” (ZSM). 5 males, 3 females “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, trek Haia - Wara Sera, 500m, 12IX2002, Balke & Sagata, (PNG 005)” (NHMW, ZSM). Simbu/Eastern Highlands: 1 male “265 DNA M Balke” [green], “PNG Simbu / EHPr. Crater Mountain, Sera - Herowana, Wara Hulene, 1000 m, 16IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 17)” (ZSM).

Description

Body size and form: Beetle small to medium-sized: TL-H 3.4–3.9 mm, TL 3.7–4.3 mm, MW 1.8–2.2 mm (holotype: TL-H 3.9 mm, TL 4.3 mm, MW 2.1 mm), with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Piceous, with reddish sides of pronotum and head. Head reddish to reddish brown, darker posterior to eyes. Pronotum brown to piceous on disc and reddish to reddish brown on sides. Elytra dark brown to piceous. Head appendages and legs proximally yellowish, legs distally darker, reddish brown (Fig. 37). Teneral specimen paler.

Surface sculpture: Shiny dorsally, with inconspicuous punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation. As in E. nomax.

Structures: Pronotum with narrow lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively broad, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 truncate or slightly concave.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with large, thick, strongly curved anterolateral hook-like seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior row of 20 and posterior row of seven relatively long setae (Fig. 42D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 9–12 lateral striae on each side. Median lobe slender, with lateral setae apically; in lateral view, evenly curved to broadly pointed, short apex; in ventral view, apex slightly concave (Fig. 42A, B). Paramere very slightly concave on dorsal side, with long and dense subdistal and inconspicuous proximal setae (Fig. 42C).

Female: Without evident differences in external morphology from males, except for not modified protarsi and abdominal ventrite 6 without striae.

Affinities

Exocellina warahulenensis sp. nov. can be distinguished by body size, form, colouration, inconspicuous dorsal punctation, simple male antenna, and shape and setation of its median lobe and paramere from the species co-occurring in the same area (E. damantiensis, E. hintelmannae, and E. ullrichi (Balke, 1998)). In the dorsal colouration and surface sculpture, the new species is similar to E. larsoni but differs from it in shape and presence of setation of the median lobe. Exocelina warahulenensis sp. nov. is also very similar to E. nomax but is slightly larger and has darker colouration and longer median lobe, with lateral setae apically and shorter, broader apex in lateral view.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Simbu and Eastern Highlands Provinces (Fig. 45). The species is known only from Crater Mountain area.

Etymology

The species is named after Wara Hulene Village where one of the paratype was collected. The name is an adjective in the nominative singular.

Key to the species of Exocelina larsoni group

1 Median lobe robust, lateral sides strongly thickened and apex much broader in lateral view and deeply concave in ventral view (Fig. 40A). Paramere as in Fig. 40C larsoni (Balke, 1998)
Median lobe slender, lateral sides more weakly thickened and apex thinner in lateral view and slightly concave in ventral view (e.g., Fig. 41). Paramere as in e.g., Fig. 41C 2
2 Beetle brownish, usually smaller, TL-H 3.0–3.8 mm (Fig. 36). Apex of median lobe elongate and thinner in lateral view, without lateral setae (Fig. 41A). Paramere as in Fig. 41C nomax (J. Balfour-Browne, 1939)
Beetle piceous, usually larger, TL-H 3.4–3.9 mm (Fig. 37). Apex of median lobe shorter and broader in lateral view, with lateral setae (Fig. 42A). Paramere as in Fig. 42C warahulenensis sp. nov.
Figures 35–39. 

Habitus and colouration 35 Exocelina larsoni (Balke, 1998) 36 E. nomax (J. Balfour-Browne, 1939) A holotype B specimen from Tapini 37 E. warahulenensis sp. nov. 38 E. mianminensis sp. nov. 39 E. takime (Balke, 1998).

Figure 40. 

Exocelina larsoni (Balke, 1998) A median lobe in ventral view B median lobe in lateral view C paramere in external view D male protarsomeres 4–5 in ventral view.

Figures 41, 42. 

41 Exocelina nomax (J. Balfour-Browne, 1939) 42 E. warahulenensis sp. nov. A median lobe in ventral view B median lobe in lateral view C paramere in external view D male protarsomeres 4–5 in ventral view.

Exocelina takime group

This group is characterised by more or less coarse and dense dorsal punctation; pronotum with narrow lateral bead; median lobe of aedeagus without setation, broad, robust, sides slightly thickened; in ventral view, it broadened medially or subdistally; apexes of ventral sclerites of median lobe almost equal; paramere with distinct dorsal notch and subdistal part well developed, with long and dense subdistal and inconspicuous proximal setae.

Exocelina mianminensis Shaverdo & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 38, 43

Exocelina undescribed sp. MB0688: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Sandaun Province, Mianmin, 04°52.86'S, 141°31.71'E, 700 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: male “Papua New Guinea: Sandaun, Mianmin (pool), 700m, 21.x.2008, 04.52.858S 141.31.706E, Ibalim (PNG 198), “DNA M.Balke 3749” [green] (ZSM). Paratypes: 16 males, 8 females with the same label as the holotype, one male with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 3758” (NHMW, ZSM). 2 males, 3 females “Papua New Guinea: Sandaun, Mianmin (pool), 700m, 21.x.2008, 04.52.858S 141.31.706E, Ibalim (PNG 197) (ZSM). 1 male “Papua New Guinea: Sandaun, Mianmin (pool), 990m, 23.x.2008, 4.54.570S 141.35.490E, Ibalim (PNG 193) (ZSM). 4 males “Papua New Guinea: Sandaun, May River, 970m, 19.x.2003, 4.49.779S 141.38.174E, K. Sagata (WB43)”, one of them with an additional green label “DNA MB688” (ZSM).

Description

Body size and form: Beetle medium-sized: TL-H 3.75–4.25 mm, TL 4.15–4.6 mm, MW 1.95–2.3 mm (holotype: TL-H 3.75 mm, TL 4.15 mm, MW 1.95 mm), with oblong habitus.

Colouration: Piceuos. Head piceous, with reddish brown anterior margin. Pronotum dark brown to piceous, with reddish brown to brown sides. Elytra uniformly piceous. Head appendages and legs proximally yellowish, legs distally darker, reddish brown (Fig. 38). Teneral specimen paler.

Surface sculpture: Submatt dorsally, with dense and coarse punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation. Head with very dense and coarse punctation (no spaces between punctures or spaces 1–2 times size of punctures); diameter of punctures equal to diameter of cells of microreticulation. Pronotum with distinct punctation, finer than on head. Punctation on elytra distinct, finer and sparser than on head. Elytra with weakly impressed microreticulation; head and pronotum with microreticulation stronger than on elytra. Metaventrite, metacoxae, and abdominal ventrites distinctly microreticulate. Metacoxal plates with longitudinal strioles and weak transverse wrinkles; abdominal ventrites 2–4 with few strioles, two last one without strioles but with very weak wrinkles. Punctation on venter fine but distinct.

Structures: Pronotum with narrow lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, narrow, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 truncate or very slightly concave.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with large, thick, strongly curved anterolateral hook-like seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of ca. 60 and posterior row of 17 relatively long setae (Fig. 43D). Abdominal ventrite 6 without lateral striae on each side, except one with setae. Median lobe slender, lateral sides slightly thickened; in lateral view, apex short, pointed, and curved downwards; in ventral view, lateral sides evenly expanded subdistally and apex slightly concave (Fig. 43A, B). Paramere with distinct dorsal notch and subdistal part well developed, with long and dense subdistal and inconspicuous proximal setae (Fig. 43C).

Female: Without evident differences in external morphology from males, except for not modified protarsi.

Affinities

In the area of its distribution, E. mianminensis co-occurs with species of the E. ekari, E. okbapensis, E. broschii, E. casuarina and E. danae groups. From species of the E. ekari group, the species differs in larger size, presence of the pronotal bead, evidently stronger dorsal punctation, and the shape of the median lobe. From the other species, E. mianminensis sp. nov. can be distinguished by body size, form, and colouration, dorsal punctation, simple male antenna, and shape and setation of its median lobe and paramere. In the general appearance, the new species is more similar to E. ibalimi Shaverdo et al., 2018, but can be easily distinguished from it in presence of the pronotal bead. Male abdominal ventrite 6 without lateral striae was so far known only for E. sima Shaverdo et al., 2018 among New Guinea Exocelina. For affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Sandaun Province (Fig. 45).

Etymology

The species is named after Mianmin Village. The name is an adjective in the nominative singular.

Exocelina takime (Balke, 1998)

Figs 39, 44

Copelatus (Papuadytes) takime Balke, 1998: 336; Nilsson 2001: 77 (catalogue).

Papuadytes takime (Balke, 1998): Nilsson and Fery 2006: 56 (comb. nov.).

Exocelina takime (Balke, 1998): Nilsson 2007: 34 (comb. nov.).

Type locality

Indonesia: Papua Province: Pegunungan Bintang Regency, Bime, ca. 04°20'S, 140°12'E, 1400 m a.s.l.

Type material studied

Holotype: male “IRIAN JAYA: 11.9.1993 Bime – Calab Gebiet, Bime, 1400m”, “leg. M. Balke (12) ca. 140°12'E 04°20'S”, “HOLOTYPUS” [red], “Copelatus takime Balke des. 1997” [red] (NHMW). Paratypes: 10 males, 14 females with the same label as the holotype, one female with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 3291” (NHMW). 11 males, 2 females “IRIAN JAYA: 22.9.1993 Bime – Calab Gebiet, Bime, 1400m”, “ca. 140°12'E 04°20'S, leg. Balke (16)”, one of the males with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 3290” (NHMW). 3 males, 1 female “IRIAN JAYA Zentralmassiv 140°25'E 04°24'S”, “Kali Takime, 900m 18.8.1992 leg. Balke (17)” (NHMW). 7 males, 6 females “IRIAN JAYA: 29.9.1993 Eme Gebiet Emdoman, 800m”, “ca. 139°55'E 04°14'S, leg. M. Balke (24)” (NHMW). All these specimens are with red paratype labels “PARATYPUS Copelatus takime Balke des. 1997” or “Paratypus Copelatus takime Balke des. 1997” [red]. Note: in the original description (Balke 1998), 8 males and 4 females are reported from the locality 16; there are 11 males, 2 females in the NHMW, therefore, some mistakes were made in presenting the type material in the original description or/and during labeling the material.

Additional material

2 females “IRIAN JAYA: 11.9.1993 Bime – Calab Gebiet, Bime, 1400m”, “leg. M. Balke (12) ca. 140°12'E 04°20'S” (NHMW).

Diagnosis

For complete description, see Balke (1998: 336). Beetle medium-sized: TL-H 4.1–4.5 mm; oblong-oval; dark brown to piceous, with brownish pronotal sides and head anteriorly; shiny, but with distinct dorsal punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation; pronotum with narrow lateral bead (Fig. 39); male protarsomere 4 with large, thick, strongly curved anterolateral hook-like seta; male protarsomere 5 with anterior band of ca. 40 and posterior row of eight relatively long setae (Fig. 44D); median lobe robust, in lateral view, evenly curved to narrowly rounded, not curved downwards apex; in ventral view, with more strongly thickened lateral sides, distinctly expanded in middle and narrowing to broadly pointed apex; paramere with distinct dorsal notch and subdistal part well developed, with long and dense subdistal and inconspicuous proximal setae (Fig. 44A–C).

Affinities

In the area of its distribution, E. takime co-occurs with E. aipomek, E. ascendens and species of the E. bacchusi, E. ekari, E. aipo, E. okbapensis, E. casuarina, and E. danae groups. From species of the E. ekari group, the species differs in larger size, evidently stronger dorsal punctation, and the shape of the median lobe. In the latter character, E. takime differs also from the species of the remaining groups. For separating it from some of these species, also presence of the pronotal bead and simple male antennae, and shape and setation of the paramere can be used. For affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Indonesia: Papua Province: Pegunungan Bintang Regency. The species is known only from the type material, i.e., Borme – Bime – Emdoman area (Fig. 45).

Key to the species of Exocelina takime group

1 Beetle smaller, TL-H 3.75–4.25 mm. Dorsal punctation coarser (Fig. 38). Median lobe slender, with lateral sides slightly thickened; in ventral view, evenly expanded subdistally, apex slightly concave; in lateral view, apex short, pointed, and curved downwards (Fig. 43). Paramere as in Fig. 43C mianminensis sp. nov.
Beetle larger, TL-H 4.1–4.5 mm. Dorsal punctation finer (Fig. 39). Median lobe with strongly thickened lateral sides; in ventral view, distinctly expanded in middle and narrowing to broadly pointed apex; in lateral view, evenly curved to narrowly rounded, not curved downwards apex (Fig. 44). Paramere as in Fig. 44C takime (Balke, 1998)
Figures 43, 44. 

43 Exocelina mianminensis sp. nov. 44 E. takime (Balke, 1998) A median lobe in ventral view B median lobe in lateral view C paramere in external view D male protarsomeres 4–5 in ventral view.

Figure 45. 

Map of the eastern part of New Guinea showing distribution of the species of the E. larsoni and takime groups.

Exocelina warasera group

This group is characterised by extremely fine and sparse dorsal punctation; pronotum with distinct lateral bead; median lobe of aedeagus simple; in lateral view, slightly or more strongly curved, apex slightly curved downwards and bluntly pointed; in ventral view, apex bluntly pointed and often twisted sidewards; apexes of ventral sclerites of median lobe almost equal; paramere slightly concave on dorsal side, subdistal setae strong and dense, proximal setae usually inconspicuous.

Exocelina haia Shaverdo & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 49, 53

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Simbu Province, between Supa and Haia Villages (Airstrips), ca. 6°39'39.9"S, 145°00'28.4"E, 1032 m.

Type material

Holotype: male “Papua New Guinea: Supa Haia, 1023m, 10.ix.2002, K. Sagata (WB1)” (ZSM). Paratypes: 2 males with the same label as the holotype (NHMW, ZSM). 1 male “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, trek Haia - Wara Sera, 500m, 12IX2002, Balke & Sagata, (PNG 005)” (ZSM).

Females of doubtful identity

See under E. bacchusi.

Description

Body size and form: Beetle small: TL-H 3.4–3.45 mm, TL 3.7–3.75 mm, MW 1.8 mm (holotype: TL-H 3.4 mm, TL 3.7 mm, MW 1.8 mm), with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Dark brown, with paler sides of pronotum and head anteriorly. As in E. warasera sp. nov. (Fig. 49).

Surface sculpture: Shiny dorsally, with extremely fine and sparse punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation. As in E. warasera sp. nov.

Structures: Pronotum with lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, slightly rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively narrow, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 very slightly concave.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with anterolateral seta thin and evenly curved, smaller than more laterally situated large seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of ca. 80 and posterior row of two relatively long setae (Fig. 53D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 6–8 lateral striae on each side. Median lobe short, curved, with broadly pointed apex in lateral view, and evenly tapering to pointed apex in ventral view (Fig. 53A, B). Paramere concave on dorsal side, with dorsal setae distinct: subdistal setae only slightly stronger and denser than proximal (Fig. 53C).

Female: Unknown.

Affinities

Exocellina haia sp. nov. can be distinguished by the shape and setation of its median lobe and paramere and/or by its size and colouration from the species co-occurring in the same area (E. bacchusi, E. craterensis Shaverdo & Balke, 2014, E. damantiensis, E. hintelmannae (Shaverdo, Sagata & Balke, 2005), E. warasera sp. nov.). For affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Simbu Province, Crater Mountain area (Fig. 54). The species is named after Haia Village. The name is a noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition.

Exocelina kobau Shaverdo & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 46, 50

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Morobe Province, E Pindiu, Kobau, ca. 6°25'10.1"S, 147°32'06.6"E, 1400 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: male “PAPUA N.G.: Morobe Prov. E Pindiu, Kobau 24.4.1998, 1400 m, leg. A. Riedel”, “SEM 13” (NHMW).

Description

Body size and form: Beetle medium-sized: TL-H 4.25 mm, TL 4.75 mm, MW 2.2 mm, with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Piceous, with paler sides of pronotum and head anteriorly. Head dark brown, paler anteriorly. Pronotum dark brown, with brown sides. Elytra piceous, with weakly indicated reddish sutural lines. Head appendages and legs proximally reddish, legs distally darker, reddish brown (Fig. 46).

Surface sculpture: Shiny dorsally, with extremely fine and sparse punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation. Head with fine and sparse punctation (spaces between punctures 2–3 times size of punctures); diameter of punctures equal to or smaller than diameter of cells of microreticulation. Pronotum with much finer and sparser punctation than on head, very inconspicuous. Punctation on elytra invisible. Pronotum and elytra with weakly impressed microreticulation; head with microreticulation slightly stronger. Metaventrite, metacoxae, and abdominal ventrites distinctly microreticulate. Metacoxal plates with longitudinal strioles and weak transverse wrinkles; abdominal ventrites with strioles. Punctation on venter invisible; inconspicuous on two last abdominal ventrites.

Structures: Pronotum with lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, slightly rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively narrow, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 truncate.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with large, thick, strongly curved anterolateral hook-like seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of 25 and posterior row of five relatively long setae (Fig. 50D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 3–4 lateral striae on each side. Median lobe short, robust, evenly tapering to broadly pointed apex in lateral and ventral views (Fig. 50A, B). Paramere slightly concave on dorsal side, subdistal setae strong and dense, proximal setae inconspicuous (Fig. 50C).

Female: Unknown.

Affinities

Exocellina kobau sp. nov. can be distinguished by its size, dorsal punctation, shape and setation of its median lobe and paramere, and large anterolateral hook-like seta of the male protarsomere 4 from the species co-occurring in the same area (E. damantiensis, E. kabwumensis Shaverdo & Balke, 2016, and E. bacchusi). For the affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Morobe Province (Fig. 54).

Etymology

The species is named after Kobau Village. The name is a noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition.

Exocelina pulchella Shaverdo & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 47, 51

Exocelina undescribed sp. MB3408: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Central Province, Moroka, Kailaki, Wareaga, 09°25.42'S, 147°31.07'E, 760 m a.s.l.

Type material

Holotype: male “Papua New Guinea Central, Moroka, Kailaki Wareaga, 760m, 27x2009 9.25.424S 147.31.068E Sagata (PNG227)” (ZSM). Paratypes: 24 males, 43 females with the same label as the holotype, one male with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 3832” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 male “Papua New Guinea: Central, Moroka area, Kailaki, 827 m, 26.x.2009, 9.24.134S 147.33.521E, Sagata (PNG225)” (ZSM). 5 males, 9 females “Papua New Guinea: Central, 755m, 28.x.2009 S9 25 47 5 E147 32 59.1, Sagata (PNG229)”, one male with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 3831” (NHMW, ZSM). 2 males, 1 female “Papua New Guinea: Central, Kokoda Trek, 320m, i.2008 09 19.236S 147.31.791E, Posman (PNG 168)”, one male with a green label “DNA M.Balke 3403” (ZSM). 2 males, 2 females “Papua New Guinea: Central, Kokoda Trek, 980m, i.2008, 09 15.933S 147.36.590E, Posman (PNG 169)” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 female “Papua New Guinea: Central, Kokoda Trek, 590m, i.2008, 09 14.339S 147.36.920E, Posman (PNG 170)” (ZSM). 3 males “Papua New Guinea: Central, Myola, 1110m, i.2008, 09 12.630S 147.31.880E, Posman (PNG 177)”, one of them with an additional green label “DNA M.Balke 3408” (ZSM).

Description

Body size and form: Beetle small: TL-H 2.85–3.3 mm, TL 3.15–3.7 mm, MW 1.6–1.8 mm (holotype: TL-H 3.05 mm, TL 3.4 mm, MW 1.75 mm), with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Reddish head and bicoloured elytra: yellowish at shoulders and brownish distally. Head reddish, reddish brown posterior eyes. Pronotum reddish brown to brown on disc (broader or narrower) and yellowish to yellowish reddish on sides. Elytra bicoloured: yellowish in proximal 1/4 to 1/3 (rarely to 1/2) and yellowish brown to brown distally, proximal yellowish colouration sometimes more distinctly boarded as shoulder spots slightly elongated along sutural lines, but mostly fuzzy, not boarded. Head appendages and legs proximally yellowish, legs distally darker, reddish to reddish brown (Fig. 47). Teneral specimens paler.

Surface sculpture: Shiny dorsally, with extremely fine and sparse punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation. Head with fine and sparse punctation (spaces between punctures 2–3 times size of punctures); diameter of punctures smaller than diameter of cells of microreticulation. Pronotum with much finer and sparser punctation than on head, very inconspicuous. Punctation on elytra invisible. Pronotum and elytra with weakly impressed microreticulation; head with microreticulation slightly stronger. Metaventrite, metacoxae, and abdominal ventrites distinctly microreticulate. Metacoxal plates with longitudinal strioles and weak transverse wrinkles; abdominal ventrites with strioles. Punctation on venter invisible; inconspicuous on two last abdominal ventrites.

Structures: Pronotum with lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, slightly rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively narrow, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 broadly rounded or slightly truncate.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with large, thick, strongly curved anterolateral hook-like seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band ca. 60 and posterior row of eight relatively long setae (Fig. 51D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 4–7 lateral striae on each side. Median lobe simple, short, slightly curved, with broadly pointed apex in lateral view, and evenly tapering to broadly pointed apex in ventral view (Fig. 51A, B). Paramere slightly concave on dorsal side, with strong, long, dense subdistal setae, proximal setae inconspicuous (Fig. 51C).

Female: Without evident differences in external morphology from males, except for not modified pro- and mesotarsi and abdominal ventrite 6 without striae.

Affinities

From species of the E. danae, E. bacchusi and E. jaseminae groups (Shaverdo et al. 2016d) known from Central Province, E. pulchella sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by its small size, characteristic colouration, extremely fine dorsal punctation, and shape of the median lobe. For the affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Central Province (Fig. 54).

Etymology

The species name derives from Latin pulchellus, a diminutive of pulcher (beautiful), to express the small size and nice colouration of the beetles; this species is the most colourful of all known New Guinea Exocelina. The species name is an adjective in the nominative singular.

Exocelina warasera Shaverdo & Balke, sp. nov.

Figs 48, 52

Exocelina undescribed sp. MB0261: Toussaint et al. 2014: supplementary figs 1–4, tab. 2; Toussaint et al. 2015: supplementary figs S1, S2, tab. S3, and information S5, S6.

Type locality

Papua New Guinea: Simbu Province, between Supa and Haia Villages (Airstrips), ca. 6°39'39.9"S, 145°00'28.4"E, 1032 m.

Type material

Holotype: male “Papua New Guinea: Supa Haia, 1023m, 10.ix.2002, K.Sagata (WB1)” (ZSM). Paratypes: Simbu: 5 males with the same label as the holotype (NHMW, ZSM). 3 males, 3 females “Papua New Guinea: Simbu/EHPr. Crater Mountain, trek Haia - Wara Sera, 750 m, 12IX2002, Balke & Sagata, (PNG 2)” (NHMW, ZSM). 4 males “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, trek Haia - Wara Sera, 600m, 12IX2002, Balke & Sagata, (PNG 003)” (NHMW, ZSM). 2 males, 1 female “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, trek Haia - Wara Sera, 500m, 12IX2002, Balke & Sagata, (PNG 004)” (ZSM). 2 males “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, trek Haia - Wara Sera, 500m, 12IX2002, Balke & Sagata, (PNG 005)” (ZSM). 1 male, 3 females “Papua New Guinea Simbu/EHPr. Crater Mountain, WaraSera Station, 820 m, 14IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 8)” (ZSM). Simbu/Eastern Highlands: 4 males “Papua New Guinea: Simbu/EHPr. Crater Mountain, Sera - Herowana, Wara Pima, 900 m, 15IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 011)” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 male “261 DNA M Balke” [green], “PNG Simbu/EHP, Crater Mountain, Sera - Herowana, upper Oh River, 1200 m, 15IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 012)”, “sp.21 SEM 19” (ZSM). 1 male “Papua New Guinea: Crater Mountain, Sera - Herowana, upper Oh River, 1200 m, 15IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 012)” (ZSM). 3 males “Papua New Guinea: Simbu/EHPr. Crater Mountain, Sera - Herowana, Jau river, 1000 m, 15IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 015)” (NHMW, ZSM). 1 female “266 DNA M Balke” [green], “PNG Simbu / EHPr. Crater Mountain, Sera - Herowana, Wara Hulene, 1000 m, 16IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 17)” (ZSM). 2 females “Papua New Guinea: Simbu / EHPr. Crater Mountain, Sera - Herowana, Hulene river, 1000m, 16IX2002, Balke & Sagata (PNG 017)” (ZSM).

Females of doubtful identity

See for E. bacchusi.

Description

Body size and form: Beetle small: TL-H 3.15–3.8 mm, TL 3.5–4.15 mm, MW 1.65–2.05 mm (holotype: TL-H 3.4 mm, TL 3.8 mm, MW 1.8 mm), with oblong-oval habitus.

Colouration: Dark brown, with paler sides of pronotum and head anteriorly. Head dark brown, paler anteriorly. Pronotum dark brown, with brown sides. Elytra uniformly dark brown. Head appendages and legs proximally reddish, legs distally darker, reddish brown (Fig. 48). Teneral specimen paler, brown to reddish brown with yellowish pronotal sides and head anteriorly.

Surface sculpture: Shiny dorsally, with extremely fine and sparse punctation and weakly impressed microreticulation. Head with fine and sparse punctation (spaces between punctures 2–3 times size of punctures); diameter of punctures smaller than diameter of cells of microreticulation. Pronotum with much finer and sparser punctation than on head, very inconspicuous. Punctation on elytra invisible. Pronotum and elytra with weakly impressed microreticulation; head with microreticulation slightly stronger. Metaventrite, metacoxae, and abdominal ventrites distinctly microreticulate. Metacoxal plates with longitudinal strioles and weak transverse wrinkles; abdominal ventrites with strioles. Punctation on venter invisible; inconspicuous on two last abdominal ventrites.

Structures: Pronotum with lateral bead. Base of prosternum and neck of prosternal process with distinct ridge, slightly rounded anteriorly. Blade of prosternal process lanceolate, relatively narrow, slightly convex, with distinct bead and few setae laterally. Abdominal ventrite 6 truncate or very slightly concave.

Male: Protarsomere 4 with large, thick, strongly curved anterolateral hook-like seta. Protarsomere 5 ventrally with anterior band of ca. 50 and posterior row of eight relatively long setae (Fig. 52D). Abdominal ventrite 6 with 2–4 lateral striae on each side. Median lobe short, curved, with broadly pointed apex in lateral view, and evenly tapering to pointed apex in ventral view; its right lateral margin slightly concave at apex (Fig. 52A, B). Paramere slightly concave on dorsal side, its subdistal part with numerous, dense, very strong setae, proximal setae long, but weaker, less distinct (Fig. 52C).

Female: Without evident differences in external morphology from males, except for not modified protarsi and abdominal ventrite 6 without striae.

Affinities

From the species co-occurring in the same area (E. bacchusi, E. craterensis, E. damantiensis, E. hintelmannae, and E. haia sp. nov.), E. warasera sp. nov. can be distinguished by the shape and setation of its median lobe and paramere and/or by its size and colouration. For the affinities within the group, see the “Key”.

Distribution

Papua New Guinea: Simbu and Eastern Highlands Provinces, Crater Mountain area (Fig. 54).

Etymology

The species is named after Haia Village. The name is a noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition.

Key to species of Exocelina warasera group

1 Beetle larger, TL-H 4.25 mm (Fig. 46) kobau sp. nov.
Beetle smaller, TL-H 2.85–3.8 mm (e.g., Fig. 47) 2
2 Beetle colourful, with reddish head and bicoloured elytra: yellowish at shoulders and brownish distally; smaller, TL-H 2.85–3.3 mm (Fig. 47) pulchella sp. nov.
Beetle dark brown, with paler sides of pronotum and head anteriorly; larger, TL-H 3.15–3.8 mm (Figs 48, 49) 3
3 Apex of median lobe shorter and thicker, with right lateral margin slightly concave (Fig. 52) warasera sp. nov.
Apex of median lobe longer and thinner, its lateral margins straight (Fig. 53) haia sp. nov.
Figures 46–49. 

Habitus and colouration 46 Exocelina kobau sp. nov. 47 E. pulchella sp. nov. 48 E. warasera sp. nov. 49 E. haia sp. nov.

Figures 50, 51. 

50 Exocelina kobau sp. nov. 51 E. pulchella sp. nov. A median lobe in ventral view B median lobe in lateral view C paramere in external view D male protarsomeres 4–5 in ventral view.

Figures 52, 53. 

52 Exocelina warasera sp. nov. 53 E. haia sp. nov. A median lobe in ventral view B median lobe in lateral view C paramere in external view D male protarsomeres 4–5 in ventral view.

Figure 54. 

Map of the eastern part of New Guinea showing distribution of the species of the E. warasera group.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Dr H. Schillhammer (Vienna) for the habitus photographs and to Prof. D. Bilton and C.R. Turner (Plymouth) for a linguistic review of earlier versions of the manuscript. Fieldwork was supported by the UK Darwin Initiative project “Training the next generation of PNG conservation biologists” to Aland Stewart, the Wildlife Conservation Society, PNG Program (now PNG Institute for Biological Research), Goroka, EHP, Papua New Guinea, as well as the PNG Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea. Thanks are especially due to our PNG friends Vojtech Novotny, Aloysius Posman, Bangan John, Andrew Kinibel, and Sentiko Ibalim, whose help is greatly appreciated. The specimens from Mount Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea were collected during the “Our Planet Reviewed Papua-New-Guinea 2012–2013” project. Sorting and processing of the material was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) grant 669609 to C. Wardhaugh. We express our gratitude to our Indonesian friend Bob Sumoked, naturalist, explorer, nature lover, and mountaineer for looking for beetles once the campfire was burning and the tents were set up. Never stop exploring! We thank Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Cibinong, Indonesia for hosting the type material and lending selected specimens for imaging, especially to Dr D. Peggie and Pak Sarino.

Specimens were exported with permission from the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC, Port Moresby), or loaned from MZB/KSP in the framework of a formally established longer-term capacity building program between the Cenderawasih University (Waena, Papua) and SNSB-ZSM (Munich).

Financial support for the study was also provided by the FWF (Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung – the Austrian Science Fund) through a project P 24312-B17 to Helena Shaverdo. Michael Balke was supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG BA2152/11-1, 11-2, 19-1, 19-2).

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