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A preliminary study was carried out on the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, south-western part of Saudi Arabia. A total number of 582 species and subspecies (few identified only to the genus level) belonging to 129 families and representing 17 orders were recorded. Two of these species are described as new, namely: Monomorium sarawatensis Sharaf & Aldawood, sp. n. [Formicidae, Hymenoptera] and Anthrax alruqibi El-Hawagry sp. n. [Bombyliidae, Diptera]. Another eight species are recorded for the first time in Saudi Arabia, namely: Xiphoceriana arabica (Uvarov, 1922) [Pamphagidae, Orthoptera], Pyrgomorpha conica (Olivier, 1791) [Pyrgomorphidae, Orthoptera], Catopsilia florella (Fabricius, 1775) [Pieridae, Lepidoptera], Anthrax chionanthrax (Bezzi, 1926) [Bombyliidae, Diptera], Spogostylum near tripunctatum Pallas in Wiedemann, 1818 [Bombyliidae, Diptera], Cononedys dichromatopa (Bezzi, 1925) [Bombyliidae, Diptera], Mydas sp. [Mydidae, Diptera], and Hippobosca equina Linnaeus, 1758 [Hippoboscidae, Diptera]. Al-Baha Province is divided by huge and steep Rocky Mountains into two main sectors, a lowland coastal plain at the west, known as “Tihama”, and a mountainous area with an elevation of 1500 to 2450 m above sea level at the east, known as “Al-Sarat or Al-Sarah” which form a part of Al-Sarawat Mountains range. Insect species richness in the two sectors (Tihama and Al-Sarah) was compared, and the results showed that each of the two sectors of Al-Baha Province has a unique insect community. The study generally concluded that the insect faunal composition in Al-Baha Province has an Afrotropical flavor, with the Afrotropical elements predominant, and a closer affiliation to the Afrotropical region than to the Palearctic region or the Eremic zone. Consequently, we tend to agree with those biogeographers who consider that parts of the Arabian Peninsula, including Al-Baha Province, should be included in the Afrotropical region rather than in the Palaearctic region or the Eremic zone.
Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Eremic, List, Insect species, Arabian Peninsula, Tihama, Al-Sarah, Al-Sarawat Mountains, new species
Al-Baha Province (Fig. 1) is situated in the south-western part of Saudi Arabia between the Holy Makkah and Asir Regions (
Al-Baha Province consists of six main districts, four of which are located in Al-Sarah sector beside the downtown “Al-Baha”, i.e., Al-Aqiq, Al-Mandaq, Al-Qura, and Baljurashi, while two of the districts are located in Tihama sector, namely Al-Mekhwa including Dhee Ain Village (The Marble Village), and Qelwa (website: http://www.albahakfhaa.org/Albaha.htm).
The climate in Al Baha Province is greatly influenced by its varying topography. It is generally moderate in summer and cold in winter with average temperatures ranging between 12–23 °C. In Tihama, the climate is hot in summer, warm in spring and mild in winter, with humidity ranging between 52% - 67%, and a rainfall less than 100 mm annually. While in the mountainous area, Al-Sarah, The climate is greatly different from that in Tihama although the two sectors are separated by no more than 30 km. The weather is cooler in summer and winter due to its high altitude. Al-Sarah is exposed to the formation of clouds and fog, and this often happens in winter because of air masses coming from the Red Sea, accompanied by thunderstorms. In spring and summer, the climate is mild and pleasant. Also, rainfall is higher with falls in the range of 229–581 mm. The average rainfall throughout the whole province is 100–250 mm annually (websites: http://www.tititudorancea.com/z/weather_al_baha_saudi_arabia.htm).
The purpose of this paper is to present a preliminary list of insect fauna in Al-Baha Province. Such a study is of particular interest as the study area is a part of the Arabian Peninsula which is thought by many authors to touch three of the world’s main zoogeographical regions: the Afrotropical, the Palaearctic, and the Oriental (
Many authors agree that the Afrotropical region covers all of Africa south of the Sahara with the island of Madagascar and the nearby smaller islands constituting a distinct subregion. Many authors also include parts of the Arabian peninsula in the Afrotropical region, but there seems to be no agreement as to how much.
Undoubtedly, this study is of particular interest also as the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province has not been studied thoroughly before, and this is the first comprehensive study on the entire insect fauna in the region. For this reason, the following previously established data are intended to serve as a basis for further investigations.
Only a few scattered studies have been carried out on select insect groups particularly in Al-Baha (
Map of Saudi Arabia showing Al-Baha Province.
Insect material for the present study was collected extensively from different localities in Al-Baha Province, from 2008 to 2012 by the authors using sweeping and aerial nets, bait traps, beating sheets, digging, hand picking, light traps, malaise traps, pitfall traps, sticky traps, tray sifting, and yellow pan traps. Data from specimens preserved in the insect collections and literature records are also taken into consideration.
All taxa are arranged herein in alphabetical order. Localities and date of collection are included for the purpose of mapping distribution and activity periods of species in the study region.
BMNH Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.
CASC California Academy of Science Collection, San Francisco, California, USA.
EFC Efflatoun collection, Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
KSMA King Saud Museum of Arthropods, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MHNG Muséum ďHistoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland.
NHMB Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland.
WMLC World Museum Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
A total number of 582 species and subspecies (few identified only to the genus level) belonging to 129 families and representing 17 orders, have been recorded from Al-Baha Province through the present study as follows:
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Division: Exopterygota
Order: Odonata
Suborder: Anisoptera
Family: Aeshnidae
Anax parthenope (Sélys, 1839)
Ghabet Raghdan: Decemper.
Dhee Ain: January-February.
Family: Libellulidae
Trithemis arteriosa (Burmeister, 1839)
Al-Mekhwa: January-May.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Dhee Ain: May.
* Collecting method of specimens of the order Odonata: Aerial nets.
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Caelifera
Family: Acrididae
Subfamily: Acridinae
Tribe: Truxalini
Truxalis arabica Uvarov, 1933
Al-Mekhwa: February.
Truxalis grandis Klug, 1830
Al-Mekhwa: March.
Truxalis longicornis (Krauss, 1902)
Al-Mekhwa: February.
Truxalis nasuta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Al-Mekhwa: February.
Truxalis procera Klug, 1830
Al-Mekhwa: February.
Subfamily Cyrtacanthacridinae
Schistocerca gregaria Forsskal, 1775
Common: April-September.
Subfamily: Eyprepocnemidinae
Tribe: Eyprepocnemidini
Heteracris popovi (Uvarov, 1952)
Al-Aqiq: September.
Al-Baha: June.
Heteracris punctata (Uvarov, 1936)
Al-Baha: June.
Subfamily: Gomphocerinae
Leva arabica (Uvarov, 1936)
Baljurashi: May.
Ochrilidia gracilis (Krauss, 1902)
Al-Mekhwa: March.
Ochrilidia sp.
Al-Mekhwa: March.
Stenohippus mundus (Walker, 1871)
Dhee Ain: May.
Subfamily: Oedipodinae
Tribe: Acrotylini
Acrotylus patruelis(Herrich-Schäffer, 1838)
Jebel El-Baher: May-July.
Alhawya: April-July.
Tribe: Epacromiini
Aiolopus simulatrix (Walker, 1870)
Jebel El-Baher: April–August.
Al-Hawya: April-August.
Ghabet Raghdan: April-July.
Ghabet Shahba: May-July.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Aiolopus thalassinus (Fabricius, 1781)
Al-Mekhwa: April.
Tribe: Sphingonotini
Sphingonotus rubescens (Walker, 1870)
Jebel El-Baher: April–August.
Al-Hawya: April-August.
Ghabet Raghdan: April-July.
Ghabet Shahba: May-July.
Sphingonotus savignyi Saussure, 1884
Jebel El-Baher: April-August.
Al-Hawya: April-August.
Ghabet Raghdan: April-July.
Ghabet Shahba: May-July.
Tribe: Trilophidiini
Trilophidia conturbata (Walker, 1870)
Al-Mekhwa: March-May.
Tribe: Unassigned
Morphacris fasciata (Thunberg, 1815)
Al-Mekhwa: March-May.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Family: Pamphagidae
Subfamily: Porthetinae
Xiphoceriana arabica (Uvarov, 1922) [A new record in Saudi Arabia].
Al-Baha: October-May.
Family: Pyrgomorphidae
Subfamily: Pyrgomorphinae
Tribe: Poekilocerini
Poekilocerus arabicus (Uvarov, 1922)
Jebel El-Baher: May-June.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Poekilocerus bufonius (Klug, 1832)
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Tribe: Pyrgomorphini
Pyrgomorpha conica (Olivier, 1791) [A new record in Saudi Arabia]
Ghabet Raghdan: February.
Family: Tetrigidae
Subfamily: Tetriginae
Tribe: Tetrigini
Paratettix meridionalis (Rambur, 1838)
Dhee Ain: May.
Suborder: Ensifera
Family: Gryllidae
Subfamily: Gryllinae
Tribe: Gryllini
Acheta arabica Gorochov, 1993
Ghabet Raghdan: April.
Acheta domesticus Linnaeus, 1758
Al-Mekhwa: February-August.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: March.
Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer, 1773
Al-Baha City: September.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Gryllus sp.
Al-Baha (Jebel El-Baher): December.
Subfamily: Trigonidiinae
Trigonidium cicindeloides Rambur, 1838
Dhee Ain: May.
Family: Tettigoniidae
Subfamily: Conocephalinae
Tribe: Conocephalini
Conocephalus arabicus Uvarov, 1933
Dhee Ain: May.
Conocephalus sp.
Dhee Ain: May.
Subfamily: Tettiginiinae
Tribe: Platycleidini
Platycleis arabica Popov, 1981
Al-Baha: June.
Wadi Galla: May.
* Collecting methods of specimens of the order Orthoptera: Sweeping and aerial nets were the main methods; however, katydids (Tettigoniidae) and crickets (Gryllidae) were collected using light traps as well.
Order: Dermaptera
Family: Forficulidae
Subfamily: Forficulinae
Forficula auriculariaLinnaeus, 1758
Wadi Galla: May.
Order: Embioptera
Family: Embiidae
Arabembia biarmata Ross, 1981
Wadi Marwan: ?.
* Collecting method of specimens of the orders Dermaptera and Embioptera: Pitfall traps.
Order: Psocoptera
Family: Psocidae
Subfamily: Amphigerontiinae
Blaste arabica New, 1979
Al-Mandaq: April.
* Collecting method of specimens of the order Psocoptera: Hand picking.
Order: Isoptera
Family: Kalotermitidae
Subfamily: Bifiditermitinae
Epicalotermes aethiopicus Silvestri, 1918
Jebel Ibrahim: August.
* Collecting method of specimens of the order Isoptera: Digging and hand picking.
Order: Blattodea
Family: Blatellidae
Subfamily: Blattellinae
Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, 1767)
All localities: Throughout the year.
Subfamily: Pseudophyllodromiinae
Balta biquandi Grandcolas, 1994
Wadi Marwani: April.
Family: Polyphagidae
Heterogamisca marmorata Uvarov, 1936
Wadi Galla: May.
Heterogamisca sp.
Al-Baha: September.
* Collecting methods of specimens of the order Blattodea: Hand picking and Pitfall traps.
Order: Mantodea
Family: Empusidae
Subfamily: Blepharodinae
Blepharopsis mendica nuda Giglio-Tos, 1917
Al-Baha: April.
Subfamily: Empusinae
Tribe: Empusini
Empusa spinosa Krauss, 1902
Al-Baha: June.
Family: Eremiaphilidae
Eremiaphila arabica Saussure, 1871
Al-Baha: April.
Al-Mekhwa: May-August.
Eremiaphila sp
Ghabet Raghdan: May-July.
Ghabet Shahba: May-August.
Jebel El-baher: April-June.
Family: Mantidae
Subfamily: Amelinae
Tribe: Amelini
Elaea sp.
Al-Baha City: April.
Subfamily: Mantinae
Hierodula trimacula Saussure, 1870
Adanan: September.
Iris coeca Uvarov, 1931
Adama: September.
Mimomantis sp.
Jebel El-Baher: November.
Subfamily: Miomantinae
Eremoplana infelix Uvarov, 1924
Adanan: September.
Microthespis dmitriewi Werner, 1908
Adanan: June-September.
Rivetina pallida Kaltenbach, 1984
Al-Baha: April.
Subfamily: Oxyothespinae
Sinaiella nebulosa Uvarov, 1924
Al-Baha: April.
* Collecting methods of specimens of the order Mantodea: Hand picking and Sweeping nets.
Order: Phthiraptera
Suborder: Anoplura
Family: Pediculidae
Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer, 1767
All localities: Throughout the year.
Family: Polyplacidae
Polyplax brachyrrhyncha Cummings, 1915
Adama: September.
* Collecting method of specimens of the order Phthiroptera: Hand picking.
Order: Hemiptera
Family: Alydidae
Mirperus jaculus (Thunberg, 1783)
Dhee Ain: May.
Al-Mekhwa: February.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Family: Anthocoridae
Subfamily: Anthocorinae
Tribe: Oriini
Orius laevigatus (Fieber, 1860)
Haraja: February.
Family: Cydnidae
Sehirus tibialis (Stal, 1853)
Dhee Ain: May.
Wadi Galla: May.
Family: Dinidoridae
Coridius viduatus (Fabricius, 1794)
Wadi Dahyan: May.
Family: Lygaeidae
Subfamily: Lygaeinae
Lygaeus buettikeri Hamid & Hamid, 1985
Baljurashi: August.
Spilostethus pandurus (Scapula, 1763)
Ghabet Raghdan: May-July.
Ghabet Shahba: May-June.
Dhee Ain: May.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Subfamily: Orsillinae
Tribe: Nysiini
Nysius cymoides (Spinola, 1837)
Al-Baha: February-July.
Wadi Turabet zahran: May.
Dhee Ain: May.
Subfamily: Oxycareninae
Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa, 1847)
Al-Baha: May-July.
Ghabet Raghdan: May-August.
Oxycarenus zavattarii Mancini, 1939
Ghabet Raghdan: May-August.
Family: Miridae
Subfamily: Deraeocorinae
Tribe: Deraeocorini
Deraeocoris martini (Puton, 1887)
Zahran: February.
Subfamily: Mirinae
Tribe: Mirini
Creontiades pallidus (Rambur, 1842)
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Megacoelum oculare Wagner, 1957
Adnan: September.
Phytocoris kansisrob Linnavouri, 1975
Adama: September.
Zahran: September.
Taylorilygus pallidulus (Blanchard, 1852)
Zahran: February.
Taylorilygus simonyi (Reuter, 1903)
Al-Mandaq: April.
Subfamily: Phylinae
Tribe: Hallodapini
Hallodapus costai (Reuter, 1890)
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Laemocoris trimaculatus Linnavouri, 1964
Al-Mandaq: April.
Ruwaba glabriceps Linnavouri &Al-Neamy, 1982
Adama: September.
Tribe: Phylini
Campylomma acaciae Linnavuori, 1961
Zahran: February.
Campylomma pulicariae (Linnavuori, 1986)
Zahran: February.
Campylomma torridum Linnavuori, 1975
Zahran: February.
Psallomimus ornatus Linnavouri, 1957
Zahran: September.
Family: Notonectidae
Subfamily: Anisopinae
Anisops debilis Gerstäcker, 1873
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Anisops sardea Herrich-Schaeffer, 1849
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Family: Pentatomidae
Subfamily: Pentatominae
Tribe: Aelini
Stenozygum coloratum (Klug, 1845)
Ghabet Raghdan: May-August.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: April-July.
Dhee Ain: April-September.
Tribe: Agonoscelidini
Agonoscelis arabica Linnavouri, 1975
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: June.
Tribe: Eysarcorini
Eysarcoris ventralis (Westwood, 1837)
Dhee Ain: May.
Wadi Genouna: May.
Tribe: Pentatomini
Acrosternum millieri (Mulsant & Rey, 1866)
Dhee Ain: May-July.
Wadi Gala: May-June.
Wadi Genouna: May-July.
Wadi Turabet zahran: May-June.
Tribe: Sciocorini
Sciocoris sp.
Wadi Dahyan: April-July.
Wadi Galla: May-August.
Dhee Ain: May-June.
Family: Reduviidae
Subfamily: Harpactorinae
Nagusta simonis Puton, 1890
Adama: April.
Sphedanolestes sp.
Al-Mekhwa: February.
Subfamily: Peiratinae
Pirates strepitans Rambur, 1839
Wadi Genouna: May.
Subfamily: Reduviinae
Holotrichius innesi Horvath, 1910
Baljurashi: August.
Reduvius nanus Miller, 1951
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Subfamily: Stenopodainae
Pakesia linnavuorii (Dispons, 1962)
Baljurashi: August.
Family: Rhopalidae
Subfamily: Rhopalinae
Liorhyssus hyalinus (Fabricius, 1794)
Wadi Turabet Zahran: February-May.
Family: Rhyparochromidae
Subfamily: Rhyparochrominae
Tribe: Rhyparochromini
Dieuches mucronatus, (Stal, 1866)
Wadi Turabet Zahran: June.
Family: Scutelleridae
Deroplax silphoides (Thunberg, 1783)
Wadi Dahyan: May.
Odontoscelis sp.
Ghabet Shahba: February-March.
* Collecting methods of specimens of the order Hemiptera: Beating sheets and sweeping nets were the main methods; however, some specimens of Lygaeidae and Pentatomidae were collected using light traps as well.
Order: Homoptera
Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha
Family: Cicadellidae
Subfamily: Deltocephalinae
Tribe: Athysanini
Adama buettikeri Dlabola, 1980
Al-Baha: September.
Athysanus sp.
Al-Mekhwa: February-March.
Exitianus fasciolatus (Melichar, 1911)
Wadi Morah: April.
Paraphlepsius sp.
Wadi Dhayan: May.
Texananus sp.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May-July.
Subfamily: Lassinae
Tribe: Iassini
Batracomorphus sp.
Dhee Ain: May.
Subfamily: Ledrinae
Petalocephala turgida Linnavouri, 1962
Wadi Morah: April.
Subfamily: Macropsinae
Macropsis octonotata Dlabola, 1979
Wadi Turabet Zahran: June.
Family: Cicadidae
Subfamily: Cicadinae
Tribe: Cicadini
Cicada sp.
Al-Baha (place and date unknown).
Family: Cixiidae
Pseudoliarus palestinensis Linnavuori, 1962
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah).
Family: Dictyopharidae
Subfamily: Dictyopharinae
Dictyophara sp.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: June.
Family: Flatidae
Derisa atratula Melichar, 1902
Dhee Ain: February.
Family: Nogodinidae
Philbyella banajai Dlabola, 1980
Adama: September.
* Collecting methods of specimens of the order Homoptera: Beating sheets and sweeping nets were the main methods; however, specimens of Cicadellidae, Cicadidae and Cixiidae were collected using light traps as well.
Division: Endopterygota
Order: Neuroptera
Family: Chrysopidae
Subfamily: Chrysopinae
Tribe: Chrysopini
Dichochrysa amseli Holzel, 1980
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April-May.
Dichochrysa venosa (Rambur, 1842)
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April-May.
Mallada spadix Holzel, 1988
Baljurashi: April.
Tribe: Belonopterygini
Italochrysa asirensis Hölzel, 1980
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Family: Myrmeleontidae
Subfamily: Myrmeleontinae
Tribe: Myrmecaelurini
Myrmecaelurus acerbus (Walker, 1853)
Baljurashi: April.
Tribe: Myrmeleontini
Myrmeleon fasciatus (Navas, 1912)
Baljurashi: April.
Myrmeleon hyalinus Olivier, 1811
Al-Baha City: April-July.
Tribe: Nemoleontini
Creoleon antennatus (Navas, 1914)
Turabet Zahran: April.
Distoleon laticollis (Návas, 1913)
Baljurashi: April.
Al-Baha City: April-July.
Neuroleon lugubris (Návas, 1926)
Turabet Zahran: April.
Tribe: Nesoleontini
Cueta asirica (Holzel, 1982)
Baljurashi: April.
Cueta lineosa (Rambur, 1842)
Turabet Zahran: April.
Cueta pallens (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834)
Turabet Zahran: April.
* Collecting methods of specimens of the order Neuroptera: Light trap was the main method; however, some specimens of Chrysopidae were collected using sweeping nets as well.
Order: Coleoptera
Suborder: Adephaga
Family: Carabidae
Subfamily: Brachininae
Tribe: Brachinini
Brachinus sp.
Wadi Turabet zahran: June.
Pheropsophus africanus (Dejean, 1825)
Wadi Dahyan: May.
Subfamily: Carabinae
Calosoma imbricatum Klug, 1832
El-Hawya: September.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Subfamily: Harpalinae
Tribe: Cyclosomini
Tetragonoderus arcuatus Dejean, 1829
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May-June.
Dhee Ain: January-May.
Tribe: Galeritini
Galerita africana Dejean, 1825
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Tribe: Harpalini
Stenolophus sp.
Al-Baha: September.
Tribe: Lebiini
Cymindis andreae Menetries, 1832
Al-Baha: September.
Cymindis suturalis Dejean, 1825
Baljurashi (Al-Qamh): January.
Tribe: Sphodrini
Sphodrus leucophthalmus Linne, 1758
Al-Baha: September.
Tribe: Zuphiini
Agastus zuphoides saudiensis Mateu, 1986
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Subfamily: Paussinae
Tribe: Paussini
Paussus cephalotes Raffray, 1885
Jebel Shada: April-June.
Subfamily: Pterostichinae
Tribe: Zabrini
Amara simplex Dejean, 1828
Baljurashi (Al-Qamh): January.
Zabrus sp.
Ghabet Shahba: February-March.
Subfamily: Scaritinae
Tribe: Clivinini
Clivina collaris (Herbst, 1784)
Dhee Ain: January.
Subfamily: Trechinae
Tribe: Bembidiini
Bembidion atlanticum megaspilum Walker, 1871
Wadi Turabet Zahran: June.
Zee Ghazal: May.
Elaphropus conspicuous (Schaum, 1863)
Dhee Ain: January-May.
Wadi El-Zarayeb: May.
Elaphropus variabilis (Chaudoir, 1876)
Dhee Ain: January.
Elaphropus sp.
Dhee Ain: January.
Tachys gilvus Schaum, 1863
Dhee Ain: January.
Family: Dytiscidae
Subfamily: Colymbetinae
Tribe: Colymbetini
Rhantus includes (Walker, 1871)
Al-Mandaq: April.
Subfamily: Dytiscinae
Tribe: Dytiscini
Hydaticus jucundus Reiche, 1850
Baljurashi: October.
Subfamily: Hydroporinae
Tribe: Hydroporini
Nebrioporus insignis (Klug, 1834)
Al-Mandaq: April.
Nebrioporus seriatus (Sharp, 1882)
Al-Mandaq: April.
Family: Haliplidae
Haliplus lineatocollis (Marsham, 1802)
Al-Mandaq: April.
Wadi Khoda: November.
Suborder: Polyphaga
Family: Anobiidae
Subfamily: Mesocoleopodinae
Mesocoelopus ingibbosus (Pic, 1924)
Adnan: September
Family: Anthicidae
Subfamily: Anthicinae
Tribe: Anthicini
Anthicus crinitus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1848
Al-Mekhwa: February-March.
Stricticollis peplifer (Marseul, 1879)
Dhee Ain: January.
Tribe: Endomiini
Endomia lefebvrei (Laferte, 1849)
Al-Aqiq Road: January.
Dhee Ain: January.
Tribe: Formicomini
Anthelephila caeruleipennis (LaFerté, 1847)
Al-Mekhwa: February-March.
Wadi Turabah: June.
Anthelephila ninus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849
Al-Mekhwa: February-March.
Family: Bostrichidae
Subfamily: Apatinae
Tribe: Apatini
Xylomedes coronata (Marseul, 1883)
El-Hawya: September.
Subfamily: Bostrichinae
Tribe: Xyloperthini
Enneadesmus trispinosus (Olivier, 1795)
Wadi Turabet Zahran: June.
Xyloperthella picea (Olivier, 1790)
Dhee Ain: August.
Family: Buprestidae
Subfamily: Buprestinae
Tribe: Anthaxiini
Anthaxia kneuckeri Obenberger, 1920
Al-Mandaq: September.
Subfamily: Polycestinae
Acmaeodera elevata (Klug, 1829)
Dhee Ain: May.
Acmaeodera polita (Klug, 1829)
El-Hawya: May.
Wadi Galla: May.
Family: Cerambycidae
Mourgliana conspicua Holzschuh, 1993
Dhee Ain: May.
Family: Chrysomelidae
Subfamily: Bruchinae
Tribe: Pachymerini
Caryedon sp.
Al-Mekhwa: February.
Subfamily: Cryptocephalinae
Tribe: Clytrini
Aetheomorpha seminigra pumilio Lacordaire, 1848
Al-Baha: May.
Tribe: Cryptocephalini
Cryptocephalus sp.
Al-Mekhwa: February.
Subfamily: Galerucinae
Tribe: Alticini
Chaetocnema pulla Chapuis, 1879
Al-Mekhwa: February.
Chaetocnema tibialis (Illiger, 1807)
Al-Mekhwa: February.
Phyllotreta cheiranthi Weise, 1903
Al-Baha: May.
Podagrica pallidicolor Pic, 1909
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Psylliodes persica Allard, 1867
Al-Baha: May.
Tribe: Galerucini
Diorhabda octocostata Gahan, 1896
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Family: Cleridae
Subfamily: Clerinae
Opilo longipilis Fairmaire, 1892
Wadi Dhyian: September.
Subfamily: Korynetinae
Necrobia rufipes De Geer, 1775
Wadi Galla: May.
Family: Coccinellidae
Subfamily: Coccinellinae
Tribe: Coccinellini
Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777)
Al-Baha: May-June.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May-June.
Subfamily: Scymninae
Tribe: Scymnini
Scymnus syriacus Marsuel, 1868
Al-Mekhwa: February-April.
Family: Curculionidae
Subfamily: Apioninae
Tribe: Apionini
Thymapion solarii (Wagner, 1908)
Jebel Ibrahim: September.
Thymapion subrecticolle (Voss, 1961)
Wadi Gaanah: February.
Tribe: Exapiini
Apiotherium dongollanum (Wagner, 1910)
Jebel Ibrahim: September.
Tribe: Kalcapiini
Afrothymapion tanganum (Hartmann, 1897)
Jebel Ibrahim: September.
Tribe: Piezotrachelini
Pseudoconapion mirei (Hoffmann, 1962)
Jebel Ibrahim: September.
Pseudoconapion segne (Faust, 1895)
Jebel Ibrahim: September.
Subfamily: Curculioninae
Tribe: Smicronychini
Sharpia rubida (Rosenhauer, 1856)
Al-Baha: May.
Family: Dryopidae
Dryops sulcipennis (Costa, 1883)
Wadi Turabet Zahran: June.
Family: Elateridae
Subfamily: Agrypninae
Lanelater notodonta (Latreille, 1827)
El-Hawya: September.
Subfamily: Cardiophorinae
Tribe: Cardiophorini
Craspedostethus wittmeri Chassain, 1979
Adnan: August.
Family: Hydrophilidae
Laccobius subpictus erlangeri (Regimbart, 1905)
Wadi Gaanah: February.
Laccobius praecipnus Kuwert, 1891
Al-Mandaq: April.
Khoda: September.
Wadi Gaanah: February.
Wadi Noval: September.
Family: Meloidae
Subfamily: Meloinae
Tribe: Mylabrini
Mylabris calida (Pallas, 1782)
Jebel El-Baher: May-July.
Ghabet Shahba: April-August.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Subfamily: Nemognathinae
Tribe: Nemognathini
Nemognatha chrysomelina (Fabricius, 1775)
Wadi Gala: May.
Zonitoschema rubricolor Pic, 1924
Baljurashi: August.
Family: Melyridae
Melyris sp.
El-Hawya: May.
Dhee Ain: May.
Family: Mordellidae
Subfamily: Mordellinae
Tribe: Mordellini
Mediimorda bipunctata (Germar, 1827)
Jebel El-Baher: May-June.
Family: Mycetophagidae
Subfamily: Mycetophaginae
Typhaea stercorea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dhee Ain: January.
Family: Prionoceridae
Idgia asirensis Wittmer, 1980
Wadi Gala: May.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May-October.
Family: Scarabaeidae
Subfamily: Aphodiinae
Tribe: Aphodiini
Aphodius andreinii Balthasar, 1939
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Aphodius lividus (Olivier, 1789)
Adama: September.
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Aphodius schusteri Balthasar, 1935
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Tribe: Eupariini
Ataenius garamas Peyerimhoff, 1929
Adama: September.
Tribe: Psammodiini
Granulopsammodius plicatulus (Fairmaire, 1892)
Wadi Al-Uqdah: February.
Leiopsammodius laevicollis (Klug, 1845)
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Rhyssemus Asperocostatus Fairmaire, 1982
Adanan: September.
Wadi Al-Uqdah: February.
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Rhyssemus brevitarsis Pittino, 1984
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Rhyssemus buettikeri Pittino, 1984
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Rhyssemus coluber Mayet, 1887
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Wadi Shumran: February.
Rhyssemus granosus (Klug & Erichson, 1842)
Adama: September.
Adanan: September.
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Wadi Shumran: February.
Dhee Ain: October.
Rhyssemus rubeolus Harold, 1871
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Rhyssemus saoudi Pittino, 1984
Adama: september.
Adanan: September.
Dhee Ain: May.
Subfamily: Cetoniinae
Homothyrea thoracica Schaum, 1841
Al-Aqiq Road: January.
Dhee Ain: January.
Pachnoda leclercqi Rigout, 1985
Wadi Galla: May.
Pachnoda thoracica Fabricius, 1775
Ghabet Shahba: May-December.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Dhee Ain: May.
Subfamily: Scarabaeinae
Onthophagus transcaspicus Koenig, 1888
Adnan: August-September.
Baljurashi: August-September.
Family: Scirtidae
Subfamily: Scirtinae
Cyphon laevipennis Tournier, 1868
Wadi Turabet Zahran: July-October.
Family: Silvanidae
Subfamily: Silvaninae
Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dhee Ain: May.
Family: Staphylinidae
Subfamily: Paederinae
Tribe: Paederini
Paederus alfierii Koch, 1934
Dhee Ain: April-June
Wadi Galla: May.
Paederus sp.
Al-Mekhwa: February.
Family: Tenebrionidae
Subfamily: Alleculinae
Tribe: Alleculini
Mycetocharina wittmeri Muche, 1982
Adnan: September.
Prionychus denticulatus Muche, 1982
Adnan: September.
Subfamily: Pimeliinae
Tribe: Adesmiini
Adesmia cancellata cancellata (Klug, 1830)
Al-Baha: September.
Adnan: September.
Tribe: Stenosini
Stenosis comata Reiche & Saulcy, 1857
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): January
Tribe: Pimeliini
Thriptera crinita Klug, 1830
Al-Baha City (El-Hawya): September.
Wadi Galla: May.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Thriptera kraatzi Haag, 1876
Dhee Ain: January.
Tribe: Sepidiini
Sepidium cristatum Fabricius, 1775
Baljurashi: August.
Subfamily: Tenebrioninae
Tribe: Blaptini
Blaps kollari kollari Seidlitz, 1896
Adnan: September.
Tribe: Opatrini
Anemia brevicollis (Wollaston, 1864)
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Gonocephalum strigosum (Reiche, 1850)
Al-Aqiq Road: January.
Family: Thanerocleridae
Thaneroclerus buqueti (Lefebvre, 1835)
Ghabet Amadan: May.
Family: Zopheridae
Subfamily: Colydiinae
Tribe: Synchitini
Bitoma sicciana (Pascoe, 1863)
Wadi Al-Zarayeb: April.
* Collecting methods of specimens of the order Coleoptera: Pitfall traps, especially for Carabidae and Tenebrionidae; beating sheets, especially for Anobiidae and Curculionidae; and sweeping nets, especially for Chrysomelidae, Cerambycidae, Buprestidae and other families were the main methods; however, specimens of Dytiscidae were collected using light traps.
Order: Trichoptera
Family: Hydroptilidae
Subfamily: Hydroptilinae
Tribe: Hydroptilini
Hydroptila cruciata Ulmer, 1912
Wadi Ilyab: November.
Family: Leptoceridae
Subfamily: Leptocerinae
Tribe: Setodini
Setodes alalus Mosely, 1948
Wadi Arida: September.
Wadi Ganaah: February.
Wadi Ilyab: November.
Family: Philopotamidae
Subfamily: Chimarrinae
Chimarra saudia Malicky, 1986
Wadi Arida: September.
* Collecting methods of specimens of the order Trichoptera: Light traps.
Order: Lepidoptera
Suborder: Rhopalocera
Family: Hesperidae
Subfamily: Hesperiinae
Pelopidas thrax thrax (Hubner, 1821)
Al-Mikhwa: January-April.
Family: Lycaenidae
Subfamily: Lycaeninae
Tribe: Lycaenini
Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761)
Ghabet Raghdan: April-August.
Subfamily: Polyommatinae
Tribe: Lycaenesthini
Anthene sp.
Al-Baha: June.
Tribe: Polyommatini
Azanus sp.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: November.
Euchrysops osiris (Hopffer, 1855)
Ghabet Shahba: May-June.
Lepidochrysops pittawayi Larsen, 1983
Adnan: February-April.
Tarucus theophrastus Fabricius, 1793
Al-Mikhwa: January-March.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: November.
Zizula hylax Fabricius, 1775
Al-Mikhwa: January-March.
Subfamily: Theclinae
Myrina silenus (Fabricius, 1775)
Dhee Ain: February-March.
Family: Nymphalidae
Subfamily: Charaxinae
Tribe: Charaxini
Charaxes bernstorffi Rydon, 1982
Ghabet Shahba: May.
Charaxes hansali Felder, 1867
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Subfamily: Danainae
Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Al-Mekhwa: January-March.
Dhee Ain: June-Novenber.
Dhee Ain: October.
Subfamily: Heliconiinae
Argynnis sp.
Dhee Ain: December-January.
Subfamily: Nymphalinae
Tribe: Junoniini
Junonia hierta Fabricius, 1798
Ghabet Shahba: May-July.
Tribe: Nymphalini
Vanessa (Cynthia) cardui Linnaeus, 1758
Al-Baha (Jebel El-Baher): March-July.
Ghabet Raghdan: March-July.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: November.
Subfamily: Satyrinae
Lasiommata felix (Warnecke, 1929)
Ghabet Shahba: May.
Family: Papilionidae
Subfamily: Papilioninae
Papilio demoleus demoleus Linnaeus, 1758
Al-Mekhwa: March-April.
Dhee Ain: January.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: December.
Papilio sp.
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Family: Pieridae
Subfamily: Coliadinae
Catopsilia florella (Fabricius, 1775) [A new record in Saudi Arabia]
Al-Mekhwa: November.
Eurema hecabe (Linnaeus, 1758)
Wadi Turabet Zahran: October.
Subfamily: Pierinae
Tribe: Anthocharini
Euchloe belemia (Esper, 1800)
Amadan: October.
Tribe: Colotini
Colotis amata (Fabricius, 1775)
Al-Mekhwa: January-March.
Dhee Ain: January.
Colotis antevippe zera (Lucas, 1852)
Al-Mekhwa: February-Maech.
Dhee Ain: February-March.
Colotis daira (Klug, 1829)
Al-Mekhwa: November.
Colotis danae (Fabricius, 1775)
Al-Mekhwa: January-February.
Dhee Ain: October.
Colotis ephyia (Klug, 1829)
Al-Mekhwa: November.
Colotis eucharis Fabricius, 1775
Dhee Ain: March.
Colotis evagore (Klug, 1829)
Al-Mekhwa: November.
Colotis halimede (Klug, 1829)
Dhee Ain: October.
Colotis liagore (Klug, 1829)
Dhee Ain: October-December.
Colotis protomedia (Klug, 1829)
Al-Mekhwa: March.
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Nepheronia buquetii (Boisduval, 1836)
Al-Mekhwa: March.
Dhee Ain: February-June.
Tribe: Pierini
Belenois aurota (Fabricius, 1793)
Al-Baha (Jebel El-Baher): May-June.
Ghabet Raghdan: May-July.
Madais fausta fausta (Olivier, 1804)
Dhee Ain: Fabruary.
Pieris krueperi (de Niceville, 1884)
Amadan: October.
Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758)
Al-Mekhwa: January – June.
Al-Baha: March – August.
Dhee Ain: February – July.
Pinacopteryx eriphia (Godart, 1819)
Aqabet Al-Baha-Tihama: April-May.
Pontia daplidice daplidice Linnaeus, 1756
Ghabet Raghdan: May-July.
Pontia glauconome (Klug, 1829)
Ghabet Raghdan: May-October.
Suborder: Heterocera
Family: Arctiidae
Subfamily: Arctiinae
Apisa canescens Arabica Warnecke, 1934
Baljurashi: August.
Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1773
Al-Baha (G. El-Baher): May.
Utetheisa pulchella (Linnaeus, 1758)
Al-Mekhwa: March.
Subfamily: Lithosiinae
Pelosia arabica (Rebel, 1907)
Baljurashi: September.
Siccia arabica Wiltshire, 1983
Baljurashi: August.
Family: Carposinidae
Metacosmesis xerostola Diakonoff, 1983
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Family: Choreutidae
Tebenna micalis Mann, 1857
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): September.
Family: Cossidae
Eremocossus vaulogeri jordana (Staudinger, 1897)
Baljurashi: September.
Mormogystia reibellii (Oberthür, 1876)
Adnan: May.
Family: Gelechiidae
Subfamily: Gelechiinae
Tribe: Gelechiini
Ephysteris promptella Staudinger, 1859
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Ephysteris subdiminutella Stainton, 1867
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Phthorimaea operculella Zeller, 1873
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Scrobipalpa asiri Povolny, 1980
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Scrobipalpa biljurshi Povolny, 1980
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Scrobipalpa ergasima (Meyrick, 1916)
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Scrobipalpa vicaria (Meyrick, 1921
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Family: Geometridae
Subfamily: Ennominae
Cleora pavlitzkiae Fletcher, 1958
Baljurashi: April.
Coenina collenettei Prout, 1931
Baljurashi: September.
Epigynopteryx guichardi Wiltshire, 1982
Baljurashi: August.
Odontopera integraria Guenée, 1858
Baljurashi: August-September.
Oreometra fifae Wiltshire, 1986
Baljurashi: April.
Xylopteryx guichardi Wiltshire, 1982
Baljurashi: September.
Zamarada hyalinaria Guenée, 1858
Baljurashi: September.
Zeuctoboarmia syntropha (Prout, 1931)
Baljurashi: September.
Subfamily: Geometrinae
Microloxia herbaria Hübner, 1808
Jebel Ibrahim: August-September.
Prasinocyma eremica Wiltshire, 1980
Baljurashi: September.
Subfamily: Larentiinae
Calliclystis lita (Prout, 1916)
Baljurashi: April.
Chloroclystis hawkinsi Wiltshire, 1982
Baljurashi: September.
Orthonama obstipata (Fabricius, 1794)
Baljurashi: September.
Subfamily: Sterrhinae
Chlorerythra rubriplaga sinaica Wiltshire, 1949
Baljurashi: September.
Idaea hesuata Wiltshire, 1983
Baljurashi: September.
Idaea sordida sordida (Rothschild, 1913)
Al-Mandaq: September.
Rhodometra kikiae Wiltshire, 1982
Jebel Ibrahim: September.
Scopula luridata Zeller, 1847
Baljurashi: April.
Jebel Ibrahim: September.
Scopula sarfaitensis Wiltshire, 1982
Baljurashi: April.
Traminda rufistrigata Hampson, 1896
Jebel Ibrahim: August-September.
Traminda neptunaria Guenée, 1858
Baljurashi: June.
Family: Lasiocampidae
Dendrolimus lendereri Kocak, 1981
Baljurashi: September.
Pachypasa sultani Wiltshire, 1986
Baljurashi: April.
Stoermeriana omana Freina&Witt, 1988
Baljurashi: April.
Streblote acaciae Klug, 1829
Baljurashi: April.
Family: Limacodidae
Coenobasis farouki Wiltshire, 1947
Baljurashi: August.
Family: Lymantriidae
Subfamily: Lymantriinae
Tribe: Lymantriini
Euproctis fasciata Walker, 1855
Ratha: August.
Laelia xyleutis Hampson, 1905
Baljurashi: April-September.
Lymantriades arabica (Hampson, 1910)
Baljurashi: August-September.
Naroma varipes Walker, 1865
Baljurashi: September.
Family: Noctuidae
Subfamily: Acontiinae
Ozarba atrifera Hampson, 1910
Baljurashi: August.
Subfamily: Acronictinae
Ariathisa abyssinia Guenée, 1852
Baljurashi: August.
Subfamily: Bryophilinae
Cryphia pittawayi Wiltshire, 1986
Baljurashi: September.
Subfamily: Catocalinae
Antarchaea magalium Townsend, 1958
Baljurashi: July.
Hypotacha ochribasalis Hampson, 1896
Adnan: September.
Lyncestis mimica Gaede, 1939
Baljurashi: August.
Scodionyx mysticus Staudinger, 1899
Baljurashi: April.
Sphingomorpha chlorea Cramer, 1777
Baljurashi: April.
Thria robusta Walker, 1857
Baljurashi: November.
Ophiuche masurialis Guenée, 1854
Wadi Gaanah: February.
Subfamily: Erebinae
Tathorhynchus philbyi Wiltshre, 1986
Baljurashi: July.
Subfamily: Eriopinae
Callopistria latreillei (Duponchel, 1827)
Baljurashi: July.
Wadi Al-Uqdah: February.
Subfamily: Eustrotiinae
Eublemma bifasciata (Moore, 1881)
Wadi Al-Uqdah: February.
Eublemma buettikeri Wiltshire, 1980
Baljurashi: September.
Eublemma ecthaemata Hampson, 1896
Baljurashi: September.
Eublemma khalifa nejdi (Wiltshire, 1961)
Baljurashi: September.
Eublemma mesophaea Hampson, 1910
Jebel Ibrahim: September.
Eublemma parva (Hübner, 1808)
Al-Baha: August.
Jebel Ibrahim: September.
Subfamily: Hadeninae
Agrotis herzogi Rebel, 1911
Al-Baha: January-June.
Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766)
Al-Baha: January-June.
Al-Mekhwa: December-February.
Agrotis medioatra Hampson, 1918
Baljurashi: September.
Caradrina aldegaitheri Wiltshire, 1986
Baljurashi: September.
Caradrina localis Wiltshire, 1986
Baljurashi: September.
Bani Sar: February.
Caradrina stenoecaWiltshire, 1986
Baljurashi: September.
Haderonia proximoides Wiltshire, 1982
Baljurashi: September.
Mythimna affinis (Warnecke, 1930)
Baljurashi: July.
Mythimna octogesima Wiltshire, 1982
Baljurashi: August.
Sideridis chersotoides Wiltshire, 1956
Baljurashi: September.
Spodoptera cilium Guenée, 1852
Baljurashi: September.
Spodoptera exigua (Hubner, 1808)
Al-Baha: January.
Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1833)
Al-Baha: February-July.
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Al-Mekhwa: December-April.
Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval, 1833)
Al-Baha: February-July.
Subfamily: Plusiinae
Trichoplusia vittata (Wallengren, 1856)
Beljurashi: July.
Subfamily: Thiacidinae
Thiacidas adnanensis (Wiltshire, 1980)
Adnan: September.
Thiacidas cerurodes cerurodes (Hampson, 1916)
Al-Baha: September.
Family: Oecophoridae
Subfamily: Depressariinae
Agonopterix subpropinquella Stainton, 1849
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Depressaria discipunctella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Subfamily: Unassigned
Amseloecia arabica Povolny, 1983
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Family: Pterophoridae
Subfamily: Agdistinae
Agdistis obstinata Meyrick, 1920
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Subfamily: Pterophorinae
Tribe: Oxyptilini
Megalorhipida defectalis Walker, 1864
Baljurashi: May.
Stangeia siceliota (Zeller, 1847)
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Family: Scythrididae
Catascythris keberella Amsel, 1935
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Family: Sphingidae
Subfamily: Macroglossinae
Tribe: Macroglossini
Daphnis nerii (Linnaeus, 1758)
Al-Baha (Jebel El-Baher): May.
Hippotion celerio (Linnaeus, 1758)
Al-Baha: May.
Dhee Ain: April.
Hyles livornica (Esper, 1780)
Al-Baha (Jebel El-Baher): May-June.
Ghabet Raghdan: June.
Al-Mandaq: May.
Al-Mekhwa: April-June.
Subfamily: Sphinginae
Tribe: Acherontiini
Acherontia atropos (Linnaeus, 1758)
Al-Baha (El-Hawya): October.
Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758)
Al-Baha: November-April.
Tribe: Sphingini
Macropoliana asirensis Wiltshire, 1980
Al-Baha: February.
Family: Symmocidae
Apiletria asirica Gozmany, 1982
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Family: Thaumetopoeidae
Thaumetopoea jordana Staudinger, 1895
Jebel Ibrahim: September.
Family: Tineidae
Subfamily: Hapsiferinae
Hapsifera punctata Petersen, 1961
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Hapsiferona glareosa Meyrick, 1912
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Subfamily: Perissomasticinae
Neoepiscardia islamella Petersen & Gaedike, 1982
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Perissomastix amseli (Petersen, 1959)
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Perissomastix asiriella Petersen & Gaedike, 1982
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Perissomastix nigriceps Warren & Rothschild, 1905
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Family: Tortricidae
Subfamily: Olethreutinae
Tribe: Eucosmini
Strepsicrates cryptosema Diakonoff, 1983
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Tribe: Grapholitini
Cydia dissulta Diakonoff, 1983
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Cydia melanoptycha Diakonoff, 1983
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Selania resedana (Obraztsov, 1959)
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Tribe: Olethreutini
Eccopsis wahlbergiana Zeller, 1852
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): August.
Subfamily: Tortricinae
Tribe: Archipini
Procrica ammina Diakonoff, 1983
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): August.
Tebenna micalis (Mann, 1857)
Baljurashi (Wadi Marah): April.
Family: Zygaenidae
Subfamily: Zygaeninae
Reissita simonyi (Rebel, 1899)
Al-Mikhwa: March-May.
* Collecting methods of specimens of the order Lepidoptera: Aerial nets for butterflies (suborder: Rhopalocera), and light traps for moths (suborder: Heterocera).
Order: Diptera
Suborder: Nematocera
Family: Ceratopogonidae
Culicoides kingi (Austen, 1912)
Al-Mekhwa: May.
Bejurashi: June.
Culicoides newsteadi Austen, 1921
Al-Mekhwa: May.
Beni Hassan: June.
Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer, 1910
Ghabet Raghdan: September.
Family: Chironomidae
Subfamily: Tanypodinae
Procladius (Holotanypus ) apicalis (Kieffer, 1918)
Wadi Al-Uqdah: February-March.
Wadi Diyhan: March.
Wadi Shumrukh: April.
Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) longistyla Fittkau, 1962
Adnan: September.
Wadi Diyhan: March.
Wadi Ilyab: March.
Conchapelopia trifascia (Freeman, 1954)
Adnan: September.
Larsia rutsburuiemis (Goetghebuer, 1935)
Al-Mandaq: April.
Larsia teesdalei (Freeman, 1955)
Wadi Ilyab: February.
Paramerina vaillanti Fittkau, 1962
Wadi Ibrahim: August.
Al-Mandaq: April.
Subfamily: Orthocladiinae
Paraphaenocladius impensus (Walker, 1856)
Wadi Diyhan: March.
Subfamily: Chironominae
Tribe: Chironomini
Dicrotendipes peringueyanus Kieffer, 1924
Adnan: September.
Dicrotendipes sudanicus (Freeman, 1957)
Adnan: September.
Wadi Diyhan: March.
Paratendipes nubilipennis Freeman, 1957
Adnan: September.
Wadi Ibrahim: August.
Paratendipes nudisquama (Edwards, 1929)
Adnan: September.
Wadi Diyhan: March.
Wadi Ilyab: February.
Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) wittei Freeman, 1955
Al-Foqa: September.
Polypedilum (Polypedilum) buettikeri Cranston, 1989
Wadi Ilyab: February.
Polypedilum (Polypedilum) tana Cranston and Judd, 1989
Adnan: September.
Stictochironomus puripennis (Kieffer, 1921)
Jebel Ibrahim: September.
Wadi Ilyab: February.
Tribe: Tanytarsini
Cladotanytarsus pseudomancus (Goetghebuer, 1934)
Al-Mandaq: April.
Al-Baha: February.
Cladotanytarsus reductus (Freeman, 1954)
Adnan: September.
Jebel Ibrahim: September.
Rheotanytarsus ringei Lehmann, 1970
Wadi Ilyab: February.
Tanytarsus mcmillani Freeman, 1958
Wadi Diyhan: March.
Tanytarsus trifidus Freeman, 1958
Wadi Diyhan: March.
Wadi Ibrahim: August.
Virgatanytarsus nigricornis (Goetghebuer, 1935)
Wadi Diyhan: March.
Family: Corethrellidae
Corethrella buettikeri Cranston, 1980
Adnan (W. Iwrakh): September.
Family: Culicidae
Subfamily: Anophelinae
Anopheles multicolor Cambouliu, 1902
All regions of Al-Baha: Throughout the year.
Anopheles sergentii (Theobald, 1907)
Al-Baha: June - August.
Al-Mandaq: July.
Subfamily: Culicinae
Aedes caspius (Pallas, 1771)
Al-Mekhwa: Throughout the year.
Al-Baha: Throughout the year.
Aedes vittatus (Bigot, 1861)
Al-Baha: Throughout the year.
Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758
All regions of Al-Baha: Throughout the year.
Family: Psychodidae
Subfamily: Phlebotomine
Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) alexandri Sinton, 1928
Al-Dafeer: April to August.
Al-Mandaq: March to November.
Phlebotomus (Adlerius) arabicus Theodor, 1953
Al-Baha: April to December.
Al-Dafeer: April to December.
Al-Mandaq: June to December.
Al-Mekhwa: July to December.
Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) bergeroti Parrot, 1934
All localities: March to December.
Phlebotomus (Larroussius) orientalis Parrot, 1936
Al-Mekhwa: October to December.
Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasi (Scopoli, 1786)
Al-Dafeer: April to December.
Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti Parrot, 1917
Al-Aqiq: April to November.
Al-Baha: April to December.
Al-Dafeer: April to December.
Al-Mekhwa: May to November.
Sergentomyia (Sergentomyia) antennata (Newstead, 1912)
Al-Mandaq: April.
Sergentomyia (Sintonius) clydei (Sinton, 1928)
Beni Hassan: April.
Sergentomyia (Sintonius) tiberiadis (Adler, Theodor & Lourie, 1930)
Al-Mandaq: March to November.
Family: Simuliidae
Subfamily: Simuliinae
Tribe: Simuliini
Simulium nili Gibbins, 1934
Baljurashi: April.
W.Shumrukh: April.
Family: Tipulidae
Subfamily Tipulinae
Tribe: Tipulini
Tipula sp.
Ghabet Raghdan: November.
Suborder: Brachycera
Family: Asilidae
Subfamily: Laphriinae
Tribe: Ctenotini
Lamyra vorax Loew, 1858
Ghabet Shahba: June.
Family: Bombyliidae
Subfamily: Bombyliinae
Tribe: Bombyliini
Anastoechus trisignatus (Portschinsky, 1881)
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Bombylius pallidipilus Greathead, 1967
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Ghabet Shahba: May-June.
Subfamily: Toxophorinae
Tribe: Gerontini
Geron sp.
Ghabet Shahba: May-june.
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Subfamily: Anthracinae
Tribe: Anthracini
Anthrax alruqibi El-Hawagrysp. n.
Al-Mekhwa: March.
Aqabet Al-Baha-Tihama: April.
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Ghabet Shahba: June.
Anthrax chionanthrax (Bezzi, 1926) [A new record in Saudi Arabia]
Al-Mekhwa: March-April.
Anthrax ricardoae Greathead, 2003
Baljurashi: September.
Ghabet Raghdan: June.
Ghabet Shahba: May-June.
Anthrax sticticus Klug, 1832
Al-Mekhwa: March-April.
Spogostylum dagomba (Bowden, 1964)
Aqabet Al-Baha-Tihama: April-May.
Spogostylum ocyale (Wiedemann, 1828)
Al-Mekhwa: April.
Spogostylum niphas Hermann, 1907
Al-Mekhwa: April-May.
Spogostylum near tripunctatum Pallas in Wiedemann, 1818 [A new record in Saudi Arabia]
Al-Mekhwa: March-April.
Aqabet Al-Baha-Tihama: April-May.
Ghabet Shahba: June.
Tribe: Aphoebantini
Cononedys dichromatopa (Bezzi, 1925) [A new record in Saudi Arabia]
Al-Mekhwa: April-May.
Aqabet Al-Baha-Tihama: April.
Cononedys inornata (Greathead, 1967)
Al-Mekhwa: April-May.
Aqabet Al-Baha-Tihama: April.
Tribe: Exoprosopini
Exoprosopa disrupta tihamae Greathead, 1980
Al-Mekhwa: March-April.
Exoprosopa efflatouni Bezzi, 1925
Al-Mekhwa: March-May.
Exoprosopa eritreae Greathead, 1967
Al-Mekhwa: April-May.
Exoprosopa pharaonis Paramonov, 1928
Al-Mekhwa: March-May.
Exoprosopa pusilla Macquart, 1840
Al-Mekhwa: March-May.
Heteralonia (Homolonia) aegina (Wiedemann, 1828)
Aqabet Al-Baha-Tihama: May.
Heteralonia (Homolonia) megerlei (Meigen, 1820)
Beni Hassan: June.
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Litorhina metapleuralis Bezzi, 1924
Adnan (near El-Mandaq): September.
Ligyra astarte Greathead, 1980
Al-Mekhwa: January-February.
Ligyra monacha (Klug, 1832)
Al-Mekhwa: January-February.
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Ligyra virgo (Bezzi, 1924)
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Micomitra chrystallina Bezzi, 1924
Baljurashi: September.
Pachyanthrax circe (Klug, 1832)
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Pterobates chalybaea (Röder, 1887)
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Tribe: Villini
Caecanthrax arabica (Macquart, 1840)
Ghabet Shahba: June.
Exhyalanthrax afer (Fabricius, 1794)
Aqabet Al-Baha-Tihama: April.
Exhyalanthrax beckerianus (Bezzi, 1924)
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Exhyalanthrax triangularis Bezzi, 1924
Aqabet Al-Baha-Tihama: April.
Villa cana (Meigen, 1804)
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Villa paniscoides Bezzi, 1912
Jebel El-Baher: June.
Tribe: Xeramoebini
Petrorossia letho (Wiedemann, 1828)
Ghabet Shahba: May-June.
Petrorossia tropicalis Bezzi, 1921
Ghabet Shahba: May-June.
Xeramoeba semirufa (Sack, 1909)
Ghabet Shahba: May-June.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5CF1182F-656F-4EB1-929C-CD2BA4E7CB4C
http://species-id.net/wiki/Anthrax_alruqibi
Figs 2–4This species resembles Anthrax tureus Greathead, 1980 in size, vestiture, and venation. However, it differs in having faint brownish spots on r-m crossvein, on the origin of vein R2+3, on the middle of cell br slightly after origin of vein R1, and another fainter and smaller spot may be present on crossvein bm-cu. It differs also in having the wing very feebly tinged brownish at the base. Further, the sides of the 2nd and 4th tergites have tufts of long blackish scales and scaly hairs. The epiphallus terminates in a forceps-like process slightly inclined dorsally and continued with a long flange directed ventrally.
| 1 | Wing entirely hyaline, without any infuscated pattern; scales on abdomen mostly white; length 8mm | Anthrax tureus Greathead, 1980 |
| – | Wing with an infuscated pattern composed either of a dark blackish brown infuscation on at least the basal third, or with spots on the cross-veins; scales on abdomen mostly black; length 8mm or more | 2 |
| 2 | Wing pattern composed of spots on cross-veins and with only costal cell and bases of basal cells brownish | 3 |
| – | Wing pattern composed of extensive basicostal infuscation or numerous irregular blackish brown confluent spots | 4 |
| 3 | Wing with brown spots on cross-veins, origin of R2+3 and fork of R4+5; sides of abdominal tergites (except the 1st) with black hairs; gonocoxites truncate without long posterior processes; length about 10mm | Sticticus Klug, 1832 |
| – | Wing with spots on cross-veins and origin of R2+3 faint brown, fork of R4+5 without a spot; sides of 3rd abdominal tergite with tufts of long snowy whitish scales and scaly hairs, and sides of 3 last tergites with long white hairs seen lower to the black bristles, length about 8mm | Anthrax alruqibi El-Hawagry sp. n. |
| 4 | Wing pattern very dark blackish-brown with a clear-cut margin | 5 |
| – | Wing pattern brown with a diffuse margin merging with darker spots on cross-veins | Anthrax decisus Bezzi, 1924 |
| 5 | Clear area with one or two small isolated spots | Anthrax aygulus Fabricius, 1805 |
| – | Clear area without isolated spots | Anthrax fuscipennis Ricardo, 1903 |
A patronymic name (A. alruqibi) is proposed in honor of Dr Saeid Al-Ruqib, dean of scientific research in Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia.
Holotype male. Dull black medium sized species. Body length: 8 mm. Wing length: 9 mm.
Head: Frons with whitish pruinose, tending to be silvery at margins, covered with black hairs, and yellowish to brownish scales at the middle, and the scales become longer, more dense and pale above the antennae; ocellar tubercle black; occiput with whitish pruinose, whitish scales at eye margin, short sparse black hairs becoming more dense behind the ocellar tubercle, and long brownish scaly hairs around the occipital cavity; face covered with whitish long scaly hairs and long black hairs; eyes at upper part of frons separated by about twice width of ocellar triangle; antennae black with some pale brownish pruinose. Thorax: Scutum and scutellum covered with fine white and yellowish to brownish white scaly hairs; bristles and hairs black; anterior corners with snowy white scaly hairs, being shaggy and more slender at fore margin; hind margin of scutellum with short white scales; legs black; hairs and bristles black; coxae and tibiae covered with white scales, mixed with brownish white ones on tibiae; claws black; pulvilli grayish; wing hyaline (Fig. 2) with a feeble basicostal infuscation, with a faint brownish spots on r-m, on the origin of vein R2+3, on the middle of cell br slightly after origin of vein R1, and another fainter and smaller one may present also on bm-cu crossvein; squama with a short white fringe; plumula white; coastal hook black with white scales; halteres brown with knobs white at tip. Abdomen: Corners of 1st tergite with snowy whitish tuft of long scaly hairs; sides of 2nd and 4th tergites with tufts of long blackish scales and scaly hairs; sides of 3rd tergite with tufts of long snowy whitish scales and scaly hairs; bristles of abdomen black and strongly developed; sides of 3 last tergites with long white hairs seen lower to the black bristles; posterior margin of all tergites with snowy whitish scales, becoming more dense and broad at sides especially at sides of 6th tergite; yellowish white scaly hairs and small scales present across mid-line of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th tergites; tergites with dense black scales lying flat especially on sides of 4th and 5th ones. Hypopygium (Fig 3): Posterior processes of gonocoxites long and narrow; epiphallus terminating in a forceps-like process slightly inclined dorsally and continued with a long flange directed ventrally. Patatype female. Similar to holotype male; spermatheca (Fig. 4) weakly sclerotized, with globular capsules, ejection apparatus short.
Holotype male, Aqabet Al-Baha-Tihama, Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia (20.00000°N, 41.43758°E, 1300 m.a.s.l.), 18-19.IV.2012 (El-Hawagry ). Paratypes: 1 female, the same holotype data; 1 male, Al-Mekhwa, 21.III.2012 (El-Hawagry); 1 male, Ghabet Raghdan, 12.V.2012 (El-Hawagry); Ghabet Shahba, 8.VI.2012 (El-Hawagry). Holotype and paratypes are deposited in Efflatoun collection, Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt (EFC).
Wing of Anthrax alruqibi El-Hawagrysp. n.
Male genitalia of Anthrax alruqibi El-Hawagrysp. n.
Spermatheca of female Anthrax alruqibi El-Hawagrysp. n.
Family: Mydidae
Subfamily: Mydinae
Mydas sp. [A new record in Saudi Arabia]
Al-Mekhwa: April.
Family: Tabanidae
Subfamily: Tabaninae
Tribe: Tabanini
Tabanus mordax Austen, 1911
Al-Baha: July.
Tribe: Haematopotini
Haematopota coronata Austen, 1908
Al-Mandaq: April.
Jebel Ibrahim: September.
Wadi Diyhan: September.
Haematopota sp.
Wadi Diyhan: May.
Wadi Gala: May.
Family: Therevidae
Subfamily: Therevinae
Thereva sp.
Al-Mekhwa: January-March.
Dhee Ain: April.
Suborder: Cyclorrhapha
Section: Aschiza
Family: Syrphidae
Subfamily: Eristalinae
Tribe: Eristalini
Eristalis taeniops Wiedemann, 1818
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Al-Baha (Jebel El-Baher): June.
Tribe: Milesiini
Chalcosyrphus sp.
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Al-Baha (Jebel El-Baher): June.
Subfamily: Syrphinae
Tribe: Syrphini
Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius, 1794)
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Al-Baha (Jebel El-Baher): June.
Section: Schizophora
Subsection: Acalyptratae
Family: Chloropidae
Oscinella (Cyclocercula) nartshukiana Beschovski, 1978
Baljurashi: May.
Oscinella (Paroscinella) acuticornis Becker, 1912
Baljurashi: May.
Polyodaspis robusta (Lamb, 1918)
Al-Mekhwa: March.
Lagaroceras sequens Becker, 1910
Al-Baha: June.
Family: Diopsidae
Diopsis apicalis Dalman, 1817
Al-Mekhwa: December-February.
Dhee Ain: February-May.
Sphyracephala beccarii (Rondani, 1873)
Al-Mekhwa: December-February.
Dhee Ain: February-May.
Family: Drosophilidae
Subfamily: Drosophilinae
Tribe: Drosophilini
Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830
Common species.
Drosophila sp.
Al-Baha (Al-Hawya): May-June.
Family: Milichiidae
Subfamily: Madizinae
Desmometopa varipalpis Malloch, 1927
Al-Mekhwa: March
Family: Tephritidae
Subfamily: Dacinae
Tribe: Dacini
Dacus frontalis Becker, 1922
Al-Mekhwa: February.
Dhee Ain: September.
Dacus vertebratus Bezzi, 1908
Dhee Ain: September.
Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1842)
Al-Mekhwa: February.
Baljurashi: September.
Beni Hassan: August.
Dhee Ain: September.
Subfamily: Tephritinae
Tribe: Noeetini
Ensina sonchi (Linnaeus, 1764) Host plant: Asteraceae
Ghabet Raghdan: June.
Tribe: Tephritini
Capitites augur (Frauenfeld, 1857) Host plant: Pulicaria Arabica
Al-Mekhwa: May.
Family: Ulidiidae
Subfamily: Ulidiinae
Tribe: Ulidiini
Physiphora ?alceae (Preyssler, 1791)
Al-Mekhwa: February.
Subsection: Calyptratae
Family: Anthomyiidae
Subfamily Anthomyiinae
Tribe: Anthomyiini
Anthomyia benguellae Malloch, 1924
Ghabet Amadan: May.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: October.
Family: Calliphoridae
Subfamily: Calliphorinae
Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)
Al-Baha (Jebel Al-Baher): February to July.
Subfamily: Chrysomyinae
Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819)
Al-Baha City: September.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Chrysomya regalis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
Wadi Galla: May.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Subfamily: Luciliinae
Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826)
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Subfamily: Polleniinae
Pollenia hungarica Rognes, 1987
Wadi Dahyan: May.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Subfamily: Rhiniinae
Cosmina viridia Townsend, 1917
Wadi Galla: May.
Wadi Genouna.
Family: Hippoboscidae
Subfamily Hippoboscinae
Hippobosca camelina Leach, 1817
All localities (on camels): Throughout the year
Hippobosca equina Linnaeus, 1758 [? A new record in Saudi Arabia]
Al-Baha [Al-Maslakh] (on cattle): Throughout the year
Hippobosca longipennis Fabricius, 1805
All localities (on dogs): Throughout the year
Hippobosca variegata Megerle, 1803
All localities (on camels and cattle): Throughout the year
Subfamily Lipopteninae
Melophagus ovinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
All localities (on sheep and goats): Throughout the year
Family: Muscidae
Subfamily: Atherigoninae
Tribe: Atherigonini
Atherigona humeralis Wiedemann, 1830
Dhee Ain: October.
Atherigona sp.
Al-Mekhwa: April-July.
Subfamily: Muscinae
Tribe: Muscini
Musca albina Wiedemann, 1830
Al-Mekhwa: March-July.
Musca domestica domestica Linnaeus, 1758
Common everywhere and all the time.
Musca lucidula (Loew, 1856)
Al-Baha (Shahba): April.
Subfamily: Phaoniinae
Tribe: Phaoniini
Helina coniformis (Stein in Becker, 1903)
Baljurashi: August.
Helina lucida (Stein, 1913)
Baljurashi: March.
Subfamily: Coenosiinae
Tribe: Limnophorini
Lispe nivalis Wiedemann, 1830
Wadi Turabet Zahran: October.
Tribe: Coenosiini
Coenosia humilis Meigen, 1826
Al-Baha (Jebel El-Baher): April-August
Al-Mekhwa: March-September.
Family: Oestridae
Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus, 1958)
Al-Maslakh (on sheep): March to August.
Przhevalskiana silenus Brauer, 1858
Al-Maslakh (on goats): March to August.
Family: Sarcophagidae
Subfamily: Sarcophaginae
Engelisca adhamae Lehrer and Abou-Zied, 2008
Al-Baha (Jebel Al-Baher): March to August.
Liosarcophaga babiyari (Lehrer, 1995)
Al-Baha (Jebel Al-Baher): March to November.
Sarcophaga dux Thompson, 1869
Al-Baha (Jebel Al-Baher): February to September.
Family: Tachinidae
Exorista sp.
Ghabet Shahba: May-July.
* Collecting methods of specimens of the order Diptera: Aerial nets, sweeping nets and malaise traps were the main methods. However, other methods were effective too as bait traps for Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae; yellow pan traps for Chloropidae, Chironomidae and Syrphidae; sticky traps for Psychodidae; and light traps for Ceratopogonidae and Psychodidae.
Order: Hymenoptera
Suborder: Apocrita
Family: Agaonidae
Subfamily: Otitesellinae
Otitesella rotunda van Noort, 1997
Jebel Ibrahim: ?
Family: Apidae
Subfamily: Apinae
Tribe: Apini
Apis florae Fabricius, 1787
Wadi Galla: May-September.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May-October.
Dhee Ain: May-August.
Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758
Common everywhere and all the time
Tribe: Melectini
Melecta sinaitica (Alfken, 1937)
Dhee Ain: May.
Subfamily: Xylocopinae
Tribe: Xylocopini
Xylocopa aestuans (Linnaeus, 1758)
Wadi Turabet Zahran: March-April.
Xylocopa sp.
Ghabet Raghdan: May-June.
Family: Braconidae
Subfamily: Braconinae
Tribe: Aphrastobraconini
Iphiaulax agnathus Kohl, 1906
Al-Baher: May.
Family: Crabronidae
Subfamily: Bembicinae
Tribe: Bembicini
Bembix oculata Panzer, 1801
Jebel El-Baher: June-July.
Bembix sp.
Al-Mekhwa: February-April.
Subfamily: Crabroninae
Tribe: Crabronini
Dasyproctus arabs Kohl, 1894
Jebel El-Baher: May-July.
Subfamily: Philanthinae
Cerceris albicincta Klug, 1845
Ghabet Shahba: June-August.
Cerceris alboatra Walker, 1871
Jebel El-Baher: May-August.
Cerceris sabulosa Panzer, 1799
Jebel El-Baher: May-August.
Philanthus triangulum Fabricius, 1775
Jebel El-Baher: May-August.
Family: Eumenidae
Eumenus sp.
Wadi Galla: May.
Eumenes dimidiatipennis Saussure, 1852
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May-August.
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Aenictinae
Aenictus arabicus Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012-12-23
Aqabet Al-Baha-Tihama: April.
Subfamily: Dolichoderinae
Tapinoma wilsoni Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012
Dhee Ain: May-September.
Technomyrmex briani Sharaf, 2009
Ghabet Shahba: May.
Technomyrmex setosus Collingwood, 1985
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Ghabet Shahba: May.
Wadi El-Zarayeb: May.
Subfamily: Dorylinae
Dorylus sp.
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Subfamily: Formicinae
Anoplolepis longitarsus Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Camponotus aegyptiacus Emery, 1915
Wadi Al-Uqdah: August.
Wadi Aridah: September.
Dhee Ain: May.
Camponotus iglii Forel, 1894
Wadi El-Zarayed: May.
Dhee Ain: May.
Camponotus sericeus Fabricius, 1798
Wadi Aridah: September.
Wadi Dhiyan: September.
Dhee Ain: May.
Camponotus flavomarginatus Mayr, 1862
Al-Baha City: May.
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Camponotus xerxes Forel, 1904
Wadi Aridah: October.
Camponotus sp.
Amadan: May.
Al-Baha City: May.
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Ghabet Shahba: May.
Wadi El-Zarayeb.
Cataglyphis albicans (Roger, 1859)
Al-Baha City: May.
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Ghabet Shahba: May.
Cataglyphis desertorum (Forel, 1894)
Wadi Aridah: February.
Cataglyphis emmae (Forel, 1909)
Al-Baha: March.
Cataglyphis holgerseni Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
Al-Baha City: May.
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Ghabet Shahba: May.
Cataglyphis niger (Andre, 1882)
Wadi Arida: March.
Cataglyphis semitonsa Santschi, 1926
Al-Baha: March.
Savignyi savignyi (Dufour, 1862)
Amadan: May.
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Lepisiota canescens Emery, 1897
Al-Baha: March.
Lepisiota obtusa (Emery, 1901)
Amadan: May.
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Wadi El-Zarayeb: May.
Lepisiota opaciventris (Finzi, 1936)
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Wadi El-Zarayeb: May.
Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille, 1802)
Dhee Ain: May.
Subfamily: Myrmicinae
Carebara abuhurayri Sharaf & Aldawood, 2011
Dhee Ain: May.
Crematogaster affabilis Forel, 1907
Amadan: May.
Al-Baha City: May.
Dhiyan: September.
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Wadi El-Zarayeb: May.
Leptothorax angulatus Mayr, 1862
Aridah: September.
Leptothorax sp.
Ghabet Shahba: May.
Messor ebininus Santschi, 1927
Amadan: May.
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Wadi El-Zarayeb: May.
Messor sp.
Amadan: May.
Wadi El-Zarayeb: May.
Monomorium destructor (Jerdon, 1851)
Dhee Ain: May.
Monomorium dryhimi Aldawood & Sharaf, 2011
Amadan: May.
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Monomorium ?exiguum Forel, 1894
Dhee Ain: May.
Monomorium mayri Forel, 1902
Amadan: May.
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Ghabet Shahba: May.
Wadi El-Zarayeb: May.
Monomorium salomonis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Amadan: May.
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Ghabet Shahba: May.
Monomorium sarawatensis Sharaf & Aldawood sp. n.
Aqabet Al-Baha-Tihama: April.
Monomorium sp.
Ghabet Shahba: May.
Dhee Ain: May.
Nesomyrmex angulatus Mayr, 1862
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Dhee Ain: May.
Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius, 1793)
Wadi Al-Uqdah: August.
Pheidole ?sculpturata Mayr, 1866
Dhee Ain: May.
Pheidole sp.
Amadan: May.
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Ghabet Shahba: May.
Wadi El-Zarayeb: May.
Solenopsis elhawagryi Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Strumigenys sp.
Dhee Ain: September.
Tetramorium amalae Sharaf & Aldawood, 2011
Amadan: May.
Tetramorium caldarium Roger, 1857
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Tetramorium sericeiventre Emery, 1877
Amadan: May.
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Ghabet Shahba: May.
Wadi El-Zarayeb: May.
Tetramorium latinode Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
Amadan: May.
Tetramorium caldarium (Roger, 1857)
Al-Baha City: May.
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Tetramorium depressiceps Menozzi, 1933
Amadan: May.
Al-Baha City: May.
Ghabet Raghdan: May.
Ghabet Shahba: May.
Tetramorium sp.1
Al-Baha City: May.
Baljurashi (Al-Qama’): May.
Tetramorium sp.2
Dhee Ain: May.
Subfamily: Ponerinae
Anochetus traegaordhi Mayr, 1904
Dhee Ain: September.
Subfamily: Pseudomyrmecinae
Tetraponera bifoveolata Mayr, 1895
W. Ibrahim: March.
W. Sanakah: September.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9E547C91-E6B5-4E42-9DC2-386D846C4167
http://species-id.net/wiki/Monomorium_sarawatensis
Figs 5–15TL Total Length; the outstretched length of the ant from the mandibular apex to the metasomal apex.
HW Head Width; the maximum width of the head behind eyes in full face view.
HL Head Length; the maximum length of the head, excluding the mandibles.
CI Cephalic Index (HW × 100/HL).
SL Scape Length, excluding basal neck.
SI Scape Index (SL × 100/HW).
EL Eye Length; the maximum diameter of the eye.
ML Mesosoma Length; the length of the mesosoma in lateral view, from the point at which the pronotum meets the cervical shield to the posterior base of the propodeal lobes or teeth.
PRW Pronotal width, maximum width in dorsal view.
PL Petiole Length; the maximum length measured in dorsal view, from the anterior margin to the posterior margin.
PW Petiole Width; maximum width measured in dorsal view.
PPL Postpetiole Length; maximum length measured in dorsal view.
PPW Postpetiole Width; maximum width measured in dorsal view.
All measurements are in millimeters and follow the standard measurements (Bolton 1987).
This new species is a member of the Monomorium monomorium-group as defined by Bolton (1987), but it does not fit any of the Monomorium species in Bolton’s key to the Afrotropical species or the key to the Arabian species given by
The type locality is a farm planted with Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae), Prunus persica (L.), Prunus Amigdalus (Mill.) (Rosaceae), Psidium guajava L. (Family: Myrtaceae), Zea mays ssp. mays L. (Family: Poaceae), in addition to banana, and mango. The new species was found nesting inside a woody fruit of Annona squamosa. No males or queens were seen.
This new species is characterized by a combination of the following characters: eyes with five-six ommatidia in the longest row; genae faintly longitudinally striated; metanotal groove deep and broad; propodeal dorsum making a weak obtuse angle with propodeal declivity; mesosoma and waist densely reticulate-punctate; body pilosity clubbed.
| 1 | Antennae with 11 segments | 2 |
| – | Antennae with 12 segments | 5 |
| 2 | Terminal funicular segment broadly swollen | Monomorium clavicorne Andre, 1883 |
| – | Terminal funicular segment enlarged, not Swollen | 3 |
| 3 | Mesosoma without hairs | Monomorium aeyade Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 |
| – | Mesosoma with hairs | 4 |
| 4 | Mesonotum with at least six pairs of hairs, two on pronotum, four on mesonotum; antennal scapes shorter (SI 74-84); CI higher (74–80) | Monomorium exiguum Forel, 1894 |
| – | Mesosoma with fewer hairs, one pair on pronotum and two one mesonotum; antennal scapes slightly longer (SI 90); CI smaller (71) | Monomorium baushare Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 |
| 5 | Mesosoma and waist densely and conspicuously reticulate-punctate | Monomorium sarawatensis sp. n. |
| – | Mesosoma and waist smooth and shining | 6 |
| 6 | Head, in full-face view, with long hairs surrounding posterior margin and head sides forming a fringe; metanotal groove shallow | Monomorium qarahe Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 |
| – | Head, in full-face view, without a fringe of long hairs; metanotal groove sharp and distinct | 7 |
| 7 | Larger yellow species; TL 1.70–2.30, HW 0.40; metanotal groove sharp but too small to break the dorsal outline; pronotum with a single pair of curved hairs | Monomorium montanum Collingwood & Agosti, 1996 |
| – | Smaller yellowish to light brownish yellow species, first and second gastral tergites with light brownish bands; TL 1.42–1.84; HW 0.32–0.36; metanotal groove sharp and distinctly breaks the dorsal outline; anterior pronotal margin with two pairs of hairs, middle part of pronotum with a single pair | Monomorium dryhimi Aldawood & Sharaf, 2011 |
Measurements: Holotype worker.TL1.98, HL 0.52, HW 0.42, SL 0.38, ML 0.56, EL 0.08, PRW 0.25, PL 0.14, PW 0.12, PPL 0.11, PPW 0.14, SI 90, CI 81.
Paratypes.TL1.77-2.13, HL 0.48-0.53, HW 0.36-0.42, SL 0.30-0.39, ML 0.45-0.56, EL 0.07-0.08, PRW 0.21-0.25, PL 0.09-0.14, PW 0.09-0.12, PPL 0.08-0.11, PPW 0.11-0.14, SI 81-95, CI 75-84.
(N=12).
Holotype worker. Head distinctly longer than broad, with a nearly straight posterior margin and shallowly convex sides; head dorsum smooth and shining with few scattered hair-pits; anterior clypeal margin feebly concave between a pair of obtusely projecting angles which separate anterior and lateral margins; clypeal carinae broadly separated and subparallel; eyes with five-six ommatidia in the longest row (EL 0.17-0.22x HW). With head in profile the posterior margins of eyes at the midlength of sides; antennal scapes, when laid back from their insertions, failing to reach posterior margin of head; genae faintly longitudinally striate. Mesosoma in lateral view with the promesonotum straight or feebly convex; metanotal groove deep and broad; propodeal dorsum making a weak obtuse angle with propodeal declivity; mesosomal pilosity few and sparse, two pairs of erect setae on pronotum, five or more on mesonotum, three on propodeum; propodeal spiracle small and pinhole-like; mesosoma densely reticulate-punctate except for pronotal sides which are nearly smooth and shining. Petiolar node high and acuminatein profile, usually with two pairs of erect setae, petiolar peduncle thick and short. Postpetiole in dorsal view clearly broader than long. Petiole and postpetiole densely reticulate-punctate. Color uniformly yellow. Body pilosity clubbed.
Holotype worker, Aqabet Al-Baha-Tihama, Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia (20.00000°N, 41.43758°E, 1300 m.a.s.l.), 19.IV.2012 (M. R. Sharaf ), deposited in King Saud Museum of Arthropods (KSMA), College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Paratypes. 33 workers, same locality and data as holotype; 1 deposited in the Muséum ďHistoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Bernhard Merz); 1 in Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland (Mrs. Isabelle Zürcher-Pfander); 1 in California Academy of Science (Dr Brian Fisher); 1 in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA (Prof. E. O. Wilson); 1 in the Division of Entomology (Snow Entomological Collections), University of Kansas Natural History Museum, Lawrence, Kansas, USA (Prof. Michael S. Engel); 1 in World Museum Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K (Mr. Tony Hunter), 1 in The Natural History Museum, London (Mr. Barry Bolton); the remaining paratypes are in the King Saud Museum of Arthropods, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Specimens were photographed by Erin Prado using a JVC KY-F70B 3CCD digital camera attached to a Leica M420 stereomicroscope. All digital images were processed using Auto-Montage (Syncroscopy, Division of Synoptics Ltd, USA) software. Images of the specimens are available in full color on www.antweb.org.
SEM of Monomorium sarawatensis sp.n., paratype worker, head in full-face view.
SEM of Monomorium sarawatensis sp.n., paratype worker 7 body in profile, 8 head in profile.
SEM of Monomorium sarawatensis sp.n., paratype worker 9 mesosoma in profile 10 propodeal spiracle.
SEM of Monomorium sarawatensis sp. n., paratype worker 11 clubbed hairs 12 petiole and postpetiole.
Automontage of Monomorium sarawatensis sp.n., paratype worker 13 body in profile 14 body in dorsal view 15 head in full-face view.
Family: Ichneumonidae
Subfamily: Pimplinae
Pimpla sp.
Jebel El-Baher: May-June.
Family: Pompilidae
Subfamily: Pepsinae
Tribe: Pepsini
Cyphononyx bretonii (Guérin, 1843)
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May.
Family: Scoliidae
Subfamily: Campsomerinae
Tribe: Campsomerini
Micromeriella hyalina (Klug, 1832)
Gebel El-Baher: May.
Campsomeriella collaris (Fabricious, 1775)
Dhee Ain: May-July.
Campsomeriella thoracica (Fabricius, 1787)
Al-Baha City (Jebel El-Baher): May.
Subfamily: Scoliinae
Scolia sp.
Al-Mekhwa: March.
Al-Baha City (Jebel El-Baher): May.
Family: Sphecidae
Subfamily: Ammophilinae
Ammophila arabica Kirby, 1900
Al-Mekhwa: March.
Jebel El-Baher: May-August.
Ammophila erminea Kohl, 1901
Jebel El-Baher: May-August.
Podalonia tydei (Le Guillou, 1841)
El-Baha: June.
Subfamily: Sphecinae
Sphex fumicatus Christ, 1791
Ghabet Raghdan: June.
Family: Vespidae
Subfamily: Eumininae
Delta hottentotum elegans (De Saussure, 1852)
Ghabet Raghdan: June.
Delta dimidiatipenne (de Saussure, 1852)
Ghabet Raghdan: June.
Subfamily: Polistinae
Tribe: Ropalidiini
Belonogaster juncea juncea (Fabricius, 1781)
Gebel El-Baher: May.
Subfamily: Vespinae
Vespa orientalis Linnaeus, 1771
Wadi Turabet Zahran: May-August.
* Collecting methods of specimens of the order Hymenoptera: Aerial nets, sweeping nets and malaise traps were the main methods; however, the yellow pan traps were effective for small Hymenoptera as well, and ants (Formicidae) were collected using tray sifting.
25% of the known faunal richness has been accounted for by order Lepidoptera, Diptera comprise 22%, Coleoptera 18%, Hymenoptera 14%, Hemiptera 7%, and Orthoptera 6%. The other insect orders made up 8% of all recorded species.
Insect species richness in Al-Baha Province has been compared between sectors, and with the total species richness in the province as a whole. Results demonstrated that the two sectors (Tihama and Al-Sarah) are varied in their species composition (Fig. 16). The figure summarizes variation in species composition in two ways: firstly, by the number of species shared between the two sectors, and secondly, by the number of species unique to each sector. It was found that 465 species have been recorded from Al-Sarah, with 408 of them (88%) unique; while 174 species have been recorded from Tihama, with 117 of them (67%) unique. However, only 57 species have been recorded as common to both sectors, representing only about 10% of all species recorded from the province as a whole. These results clearly suggest that each of the two sectors of Al-Baha Province (Tihama and Al-Sarah) has its own insect community.
Most of insect species here recorded from Al-Baha Province are characteristic of the Afrotropical region. Tabel (1) indicates the broad scale distribution patterns suggesting a closer affiliation to the Afrotropical region than to the Palearctic region or the Eremic zone. This affiliation was obviously greater in Tihama (69%) than in Al-Sarah (60%). The study showed Palaearcic elements comprising 27% or less in both sectors, in addition to some few Oriental elements (3% or less).
Insect species in the two main sectors (Tihama and Al-Sarah) of Al-Baha Province. The total number of species in each sector is given in bold, the number of species occurring in common in the two sectors is given along the line joining them, and the number of species unique to each sector is given within parentheses within circles.
Zoogeographic affinities of insect species of Al-Baha Province.
| Region | Affinities (%) | |
| Tihama sector | Al-Sarah sector | |
| Afrotropical | 69 | 60 |
| Palaearctic | 23 | 27 |
| Oriental | 2 | 3 |
| Undetermined | 6 | 10 |
The south-western part of Saudi Arabia, including Al-Baha Province, is considered by many authors to be the most important part of the country and the Arabian Peninsula in general in terms of vegetation and speciation. This area is similar to the high altitude mountains of north-eastern and eastern parts of Africa, both floristically and ecologically (
Insect diversity (richness) shows a positive correlation with plant diversity (
Considering the insect fauna in Al-Baha Province as a whole, we can obviously conclude that Al-Baha has an extraordinary complex and interesting insect fauna. This may be attributed to its geographical position at the junction of two of the world’s main zoogeographical regions: the Afrotropical and the Palaearctic (
The vegetation of Arabian Peninsula is more or less similar to that of the north-eastern and northern parts of the African Continent. So, some present day biogeographers are of the opinion that the biogeographical divisions within the northeastern and eastern parts of Africa should be extended towards east to cover the regions within the Arabian Peninsula too, namely “Afromontane Archipelago”, covering the high altitude regions of the southern Al-Sarawat Mountains (
Indeed, the present preliminary study is not sufficient to draw more than general conclusions about insect zoogeography in Al-Baha Province. However, the insect faunal composition in this region has an Afrotropical flavor as the Afrotropical elements have been predominantly indicated. Consequently, we tend to agree with those boigeographers who believe that parts of the Arabian Peninsula, including Al-Baha Province, should be included in the Afrotropical region rather than in the Palaearctic region or the Eremic zone, but we cannot indicate the northern border of this region exactly. Especially, Zoogeographical regions often have definable boundaries due to physical barriers, such as mountains, deserts, or water. However, where no such barriers exist, each region gradually merges with the next, pockets of one extending some way into the other due to variable environmental conditions. Such transitional zones may themselves have certain definable characteristics and are often classified as distinct regions. The desert between the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions is one such zone, and is known as the Afroeremic zone (
We think that the exact indication of the northern border of the Afrotropical region requires more study, not only of the insect fauna but also of the flora and other animal faunas in central deserts, south, south-eastern, and south-western parts of Saudi Arabia.
We are grateful to the Deanship of Scientific Research in Al-Baha University for supporting this study. We are also indebted to the following people for providing critical assistance in various ways throughout this study: Dr Neal Evenhuis, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Dr Mahmoud S. Abdeldayem, Dr Ashraf El-Turky, Mr Haris Setyaningrum, Mr Saad Al-Metwally, and Mr Mohammed Gamal, Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia; Dr Neveen Gadalla, Dr Asmaa Haggag, and Mr Yosuf Aldemerdash, Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.