Citation: Well A, Johanson KA (2014) Review of the New Caledonian species of Acritoptila Wells, 1982 (Trichoptera, Insecta), with descriptions of 3 new species. ZooKeys 397: 1–23. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.397.7059
We review the New Caledonian representatives of the Australasian endemic hydroptiline genus Acritoptila, based on examination of a considerable collection of material in the Swedish Museum of Natural History and of types of previously established species. A key for identification of males is given and includes 3 species newly described here: A. parallela sp. n., A. forficata sp. n. and A. macrospina sp. n. For all New Caledonian species, male genitalia are illustrated, and for 5 associated females, distinctive features are illustrated and described.
Spicipalpia, Hydroptilidae, New Caledonia, key
Among the microcaddisfly genera (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) found in the south-western Pacific region, several have restricted distributions whereas others are common also in the Oriental Region or are cosmopolitan. Acritoptila Wells, 1982 is one of those with a narrow distribution, first described for 3 Australian species (
The species in the genus Acritoptila were distinguished by
In the context of congeners, meaningful description of structures in male genitalia of some of these species is difficult. Nevertheless, the New Caledonian species together with the 5 Australian species share the above small suite of genitalic features that suggest they form a monophyletic lineage. In contrast, distinctive female features are recognised for each of the few species that has been associated with males, such as the mesal elongate digitiform process on abdominal sternite VIII in Acritoptila disjuncta Kelley, 1989 (Fig. 24), pair of dark-tipped lobes on sternite VIII as in Acritoptila crinita Kelley, 1989 (Fig. 26), darkly pigmented mid ventral spine on abdominal sternite VIII in Acritoptila chiasma Kelley, 1989 (Fig. 27) and mid ventral glandular structure in Acritoptila amphapsis Kelley, 1989 (Fig. 28).
For most of the species described by Kelley, new illustrations are given here, drawn from fresh material and corroborated by examination of the holotypes. Final instar larvae have been associated for two Australian species (
The basis of this study is the collection of New Caledonia material made by K.A. Johanson (abbreviated throughout as KAJ) and associates from the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden where most of the material is deposited; a small number of specimens, including several paratypes are deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection. All holotypes are lodged in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Specimens were collected with light traps and Malaise traps. One of the authors (AW) examined holotypes of Kelley’s 6 species of Acritoptila deposited in the Bishop Museum in Honolulu, where they are stored as macerated specimens in glycerine in microvials.
Recently collected specimens were prepared for close study by maceration in KOH, then cleared in clove oil and mounted in Canada Balsam. Illustrations were prepared by methods described by
Treatments of species are arranged in order such that those with most similar features are placed in close proximity. Terminology follows the recommendations of
ANIC Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Canberra, Australia
BPBM B.P. Bishop Museum, Hawaii, USA
MNHP Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
NHRS Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
http://species-id.net/wiki/Acritoptila
Acritoptila globosa Wells, 1982, by original designation.
Hydroptilinae with antennae comprising 26–41 flagellomeres in male and 24–26 flagellomeres in female; in male abdominal sternite VII bearing slender subapical spine mesally; abdominal segment VIII shorter than VII, broad; abdominal segment IX deeply excavated mid-ventrally, often produced distally as stout lateral lobes; in male genitalia, gonopods fused at least partially, not forming claspers, with paired, generally slender, elongate spines (“parameres”) laterally, arising from complex of internal apodemes, or with lateral margins of tergite X forming sclerotized spiny processes; phallic apparatus without titillator, often with complex spiny apical processes; in female, terminalia forming a short, broad oviscapt; final instar larvae laterally flattened, physogastric, head, thorax and first two abdominal segments slender, then abdominal segments increasing in size to fifth, decreasing distally from sixth, cuticle of head and thorax may have darkened bands or patches; case basically a laterally flattened purse of two equal valves, but shape and materials variable.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Acritoptila_disjuncta
Figs 1, 2, 24, 25, 30, 31, 35Males are recognised by genitalic features (Figs 1, 2): in ventral view by the conical gonopods with rugose surfaces, ventral to the sharply mesally directed darkly sclerotized subgenital processes with a small median papilla bearing a pair of setae and parameres that are dilated subapically proximal to a narrow constriction; females are readily distinguished by the mid ventral elongate digitiform process on abdominal segment VIII (Figs 24, 25). Males resemble most closely those of Acritoptila chiasma and Acritoptila csavar Oláh & Johanson, 2010a, all three species in lateral view having a pair of curved spines apically on tergite X. However, Acritoptila chiasma and Acritoptila csavar have paired sinuous elongate-slender parameres latero-ventrally, whereas in Acritoptila disjuncta these processes are constricted subapically and hooked apically; and Acritoptila disjuncta has well-developed apico-lateral lobes on abdominal segment IX.
Acritoptila male genitalia. 1–2 Acritoptila disjuncta Kelley ventral and lateral views 3–4 Acritoptila crinita Kelley ventral and lateral view. Abbreviations: gon = gonopod(s); pr = parameres; set pr = setose process; subg = subgenital process(es); VII–X = abdominal segments VII–X.
Acritoptila male genitalia. 5–7 Acritoptila chiasma Kelley ventral view, dorsal view of paramere and spines, and lateral view 8–10 Acritoptila csavar Oláh & Johanson ventral view, dorsal view of paramere and spines, and lateral view. Abbreviations: gon = gonopod(s); ph = phallic apparatus; pr = parameres; sp = spine on tergite X; subg = subgenital process(es); VII–X = abdominal segments VII–X.
Male antennae each with 30–34 flagellomeres; forewing length, 1.9–2.4 mm (n = 10).
Female antennae each with 24–26 flagellomeres; forewing length, 2.1–2.5 mm (n = 10).
Acritoptila disjuncta is widespread on the island (Fig. 35) and one of the most commonly collected of Acritoptila species at sites sampled in this study, although it was never as abundant in any collections as Acritoptila crinita. The larval cases, described and figured by
Holotype male: New Caledonia, mountain stream up Boulari River, (BPBM); larvae, pupae, Province Sud, Ouenghi River nr Boulouparis, 20.xii.1983, A Wells, (ANIC); numerous males, females Province Sud, Dumbéa river, Branche sud, 22°08.344'S, 166°30.147'E, 42 m, 3.xi.2003, light trap, loc#006, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Sud, W part of Plaine des lacs, 150 m downstream bridge at La Capture, 22°15.967'S, 166°49.493'E, 261 m, 4–22.xi.2003, Malaise trap, loc#007, KAJ (NHRS); 2 females, Province Sud, Col d’Amieu, 319 m, small stony river, loc 23, 21°34.720'S, 165°49.620'E, Malaise trap, 30.xi–5.xii.2001, Johanson, Pape, Viklund (NHRS); 1 female, Province Sud, Col d’Amieu, 323 m, small stony river, loc 24, 21°34.844'S, 165°49.677'E, Malaise trap, 30.xi–5.xii.2001, Johanson, Pape, Viklund (NHRS); 1 female, Province Sud, Col d’Amieu, fauna reserve, 415 m, small forest stream, loc 25, 21°33.830'S, 165°45.584'E, Malaise trap, 30.xi–5.xii.2001, Johanson, Pape, Viklund (NHRS); 3 male, 7 females, Province Sud, stream draining to Marais de la Rivière Blanche, 1.35 km S Pont Pérignon, 22°08.496'S, 166°42.152'E, 180 m, 6–16.xi.2003, Malaise trap, loc#009, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Sud, stream draining to Marais de la Rivière Blanche, 2.25 km SW Pont Pérignon, 22.14158°’S, 166.67993 °E, 157 m, 6–16.xi.2003, Malaise trap, loc#010, KAJ (NHRS); 1 male, Province Sud, Monts Kwa Ne Mwa, on road between Noumea and Yaté, Rivière des Pirogues, 22°11.225'S, 166°43.338'E, 100 m, 7.xi.2003, light trap, loc#016, KAJ (NHRS); 1 male, Province Sud, Mt Dzumac, source stream of Ouinne River, downstream crosspoint to mountain track, 22°01.997'S, 166°28.486'E, 795 m, over about 30 m waterfall, 18.xi–4.xii.2003, Malaise trap, loc#031, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Sud, Tamoa River, 700m S road RT1 between Noumea and La Foa, 22°04.518'S, 166°16.592'E, 19.xi.2003, light trap, loc#033, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Sud, Hwa Hace Mtn, Hwa Motu River, at Pont Wamuttu, 1.0 km E Nassirah, about 200 m upstream bridge, 21°48.094'S, 166°04.298'E, 137 m, 20.xi–12.xii.2003, Malaise trap, loc#034, KAJ (NHRS); 1 male, 3 females, Province Sud, W slope Mt Ningua, Kwé Néco Stream, 3.9 km W summit of Mt Ningua, on Boulouparis-Thio Road, about 50 m upstream road, 21°44.359'S, 166°06.009'E, 117 m, 20.xi–12.xii.2003, Malaise trap, loc#035, KAJ (NHRS); 2 males, 18 females, Province Nord, Amoa River, 23 m, loc 20, 12 km W Poindimié, 22°58.092'S, 165°11.804'E, light trap, 26.xi.2001, Johanson, Pape, Viklund (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Sud, Couvelée River at Haute Couvelée, 2.8 km SV summit of Mt Piditéré, 3.5 km NNE Dumbéa, 22°07.405'S, 166°28.023'E, 27 m, 28.xi.2003, light trap, loc#052, KAJ (NHRS); 6 males, 7 females, Province Sud, Xwé Pemöu Stream, 300 m N bridge over Dathio River at Atè, 6.2 km WNW Thio, 21.58835°S, 166.15117°E, 13 m, 29.xi.2003, light trap, loc#056, KAJ (NHRS); 1 male, Province Sud, lower part of Dumbéa River, 1.0 km SSW bridge over Dumbéa River at Dumbéa, 22°09.750'S, 166°26.700'E, 0.5 m, 30.xi.2003, light trap, loc#058, KAJ (NHRS); 1 male, numerous females, Province Sud, lower part Rivière des Pirogues, 800 m WNW summit of Mont Imbaah, 4.7 km E Lucky Creek in Plum, 22°18.559'S, 166°41.227'E, 1.3 m, 01.xii.2003, light trap, loc#059, KAJ (NHRS); 3 males, 6 females, Province Nord, 50 m upstream bridge on Hienghène-Tnèdo road, 3.9 km S summit of Mt Tnèda, 2.2 km E Tnèdo, 20°43.085'S, 164°49.928'E, 29 m, 7.xii.2003, light trap, loc#071, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Nord, Wé Caot Stream, draining NNE side of Mt Panié, 0.9 km NW Cascade de Tao, 20°33.311'S, 164°48.064'E, 18.xii.2003, light trap, loc#084, KAJ (NHRS); 1 female, Province Nord, Wan Pwé On Stream, draining NNE side of Mt Panié, 3.9 km NW Cascade de Tao, 20°31.820'S, 164°47.016'E, 18.xii.2003, light trap, loc#085, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Nord, Bouérabate Stream, S Mont Ninndo, along road Barabache-Boulagoma, 20°17.409'S, 164°11.242'E, 60 m, 19.xii.2003–7.i.2004, Malaise trap, loc#089, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Nord, Rivière Néhoué, camp Amenage de Néhoué, 20°25.037'S, 164°13.222'E, 12 m, 19.xii.2003, light trap, loc#090, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Nord, Héémwâ Pwei River, 50 m upstream bridge on Touho-Hienghène road, 1.0 km N Paola, 20.76512°S, 165.10979°E, 22.xii.2003, light trap, loc#095, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Nord, Ponandou Tiôgé River at Kögi, 3.9 km SSW Touho, 20°49.043'S, 165°13.551'E, 25 m, 26.xii.2003, light trap, loc#100, KAJ (NHRS); 1 male, numerous females, Province Sud, W slope Mt Ningua, Kwé Néco Stream, at Camp Jacob, 3.9 km W summit of Mt Ningua, on Boulouparis-Thio Road, about 50 m upstream road, 21°44.083'S, 166°06.298'E, 117 m, 29.xi.2003–12.xii.2003, Malaise trap, loc#053, KAJ (NHRS); 4 males, numerous females, New Caledonia, Province Nord, Plaine des Gaïacs, Rivière Rouge, 14.2 km NW summit of Mt Rouge, 50 m upstream road RT1 Noumea-Koné, 20°31.573'S, 164°46.690'E, 23 m, 2.i.2004, light trap, loc#104, KAJ (NHRS); 1 female, New Caledonia, province Sud, Kuébini River (Kwé Binyi River), 1.4 km N summit of Mt Nokowèito, inland Baie de Tere, 13.5 km SSW Yaté, 22°15.467'S, 167°00.238'E, 1 m, 6.i.2004, light trap, loc#111, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, New Caledonia, Province Nord, 2.8 km ENE Bopope, Rivière Oua Mendiou, 100 m S RPN2 Koné-Poindimié, 20°54.455'S, 165°06.300'E, 78 m, 14.i.2004, light trap, loc#119, KAJ (NHRS).
http://species-id.net/wiki/Acritoptila_crinita
Figs 3, 4, 26, 32, 33, 35The males of this species are most closely similar to Acritoptila chiasma and Acritoptila csavar with which it shares the strongly reduced, fused form of the gonopods, and the slender, elongate ventro-lateral processes or parameres; but they can distinguished because in Acritoptila crinita the parameres are only slightly curved, not sinuous as in the other two species (Figs 3, 4). In addition, Acritoptila crinita lacks the sharp apico-lateral spines seen on tergite X of Acritoptila chiasma and Acritoptila csavar and Acritoptila crinita has a pair of lateral digitiform apically setose processes on tergite X. Females are recognised by the very dark apices of the paired lobes of sternite IX. Larval and pupal cases are rectangular purses (Fig. 32), obliquely sloped at each end, constructed of secretion with diatoms accreted smoothly into walls.
Male antennae each with 29–33 flagellomeres; forewing length, 1.5–2.0 mm (n = 10).
Female antennae each with 23 flagellomeres; forewing length, 2.8–2.1 mm (n = 10).
Of all species of Acritoptila, Acritoptila crinita was collected most commonly by Johanson and colleagues in New Caledonia, often being taken in large numbers at sites in both the north and south. The males are readily recognised in ventral view by the fused, darkly sclerotized, rounded to heart-shaped ventral genitalic structure interpreted as the fused gonopods.
The features by which
Holotype male: Acritoptila crinita Kelley, New Caledonia, headwaters of Honailu River (BPBM); Holotype male: Acritoptila karika Oláh & Johanson, New Caledonia, Province Nord, 50 m upstream bridge on Hienghène-Tnèdo road, 3.9 km S summit of Mt Tnèdo, 2.2 km E Tnèdo, 20°43.085'S, 164°49.928'E, loc#071 (MNHN); immatures, Province Nord, Bopope, 18.xii.1983, A Wells, (ANIC); numerous males and females, Province Nord, Amoa River, 23 m, loc 20, 12 km W Poindimié, 22°58.092'S, 165°11.804'E, light trap, 26.xi.2001, Johanson, Pape, Viklund (NHRS); 12 males, Province Sud, Monts Kwa Ne Mwa, on road between Noumea and Yaté, 2.0 km E Pic Mouirange, 22°12.356'S, 166°40.798'E, 220 m, 7–16.xi.2003, Malaise trap, loc#014, KAJ (NHRS); 1 male, Province Sud, Mt Dzumac, source stream of Ouinne River, near crosspoint to mountain track, 22°02.439'S, 166°28.646'E, 805 m, 18.xi–4.xii.2003, Malaise trap, loc#029, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Sud, Couvelée River at Haute Couvelée, 2.8 km SV summit of Mt Piditéré, 3.5 km NNE Dumbéa, 22°07.405'S, 166°28.023'E, 27 m, 28.xi.2003, light trap, loc#052, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Sud, Xwé Pemöu Stream, 300 m N bridge over Dathio River at Atè, 6.2 km WNW Thio, 21.58835°S, 166.15117°E, 13 m, 29.xi.2003, light trap, loc#056, KAJ (NHRS); 3 males, Province Sud, lower part of Dumbéa River, 1.0 km SSW bridge over Dumbéa River at Dumbéa, 22°09.750'S, 166°26.700'E, 0.5 m, 30.xi.2003, light trap, loc#058, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Nord, Wemwâdiu stream, 850 m E summit Kögi Mtn, 5 m upstream road, about 200 m S Tiwaka River, 20°49.020'S, 165°14.165'E, 24 m, 6–27.xii.2003, Malaise trap, loc#067, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, Province Nord, 50 m upstream bridge on Hienghène-Tnèdo road, 3.9 km S summit of Mt Tnèda, 2.2 km E Tnèdo, 20°43.085'S, 164°49.928'E, 29 m, 7.xii.2003, light trap, loc#071, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Nord, 1 m upstream road, below waterfall on Hienghène-Tnèdo road, 2.2 km SSW summit of Mt Unpac, 4.9 km ESE Tnèdo, 20.73879°S, 164.85508°E, 7.xii.2003, light trap, loc#072, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Nord, 2.8 km ENE Bopope, Rivière Oua Mendiou, 100 m S RPN2 Koné-Poindimié, 20°54.455'S, 165°06.300'E, 78 m, 14.xii.2003, light trap, loc#119, KAJ (NHRS); 3 males (1 dissected by KAJ as B4), Province Nord, Wan Pwé On Stream, draining NNE side of Mt Panié, 3.9 km NW Cascade de Tao, 20°31.820'S, 164°47.016'E, 18.xii.2003, light trap, loc#085, KAJ (NHRS); 3 males, Province Nord, Bouérabate Stream, S Mont Ninndo, along road Barabache-Boulagoma, 20°17.409'S, 164°11.242'E, 60 m, 19.xii.2003–7.i.2004, Malaise trap, loc#089, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Nord, Rivière Néhoué, camp Amenage de Néhoué, 20°25.015'S, 164°13.245'E, 12 m, 19.xii.2003, light trap, loc#091, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Nord, Ponandou Tiôgé River at Kögi, 3.9 km SSW Touho, 20°49.043'S, 165°13.551'E, 25 m, 26.xii.2003, light trap, loc#100, KAJ (NHRS); numerous males, females, Province Nord, Plaine des Gaïacs, Rivière Rouge, 14.2 km NW summit of Mt Rouge, 50 m upstream road RT1 Noumea-Koné, 20°31.573'S, 164°46.690'E, 23 m, 2.i.2004, light trap, loc#104, KAJ (NHRS); 3 males, 2 females, Province Nord, Établissement thermal de la Crouen, along Riv. la Crouen, 30 m upstream road RM3, 21°32.105'S, 165°53.319'E, 15 m, 5.i.2004, Malaise trap, loc#110, KAJ (NHRS); males (1 dissected by KAJ as ‘Y’), Province Sud, Col d’Amieu, Xwé Ko River, on road to St. Forestière, 21°35.612'S, 165°48.241'E, 368 m, 8.i.2004, light trap, loc#114, KAJ (NHRS); 4 males, 3 females, Province Sud, Sarraméa, Xwê Wya River, 21°38.318'S, 165°51.582'E, 127 m, 17–18.i.2004, light trap, loc#121, KAJ (NHRS).
http://species-id.net/wiki/Acritoptila_chiasma
Figs 5–7, 27, 35Males of Acritoptila chiasma are similar to Acritoptila crinita and Acritoptila csavar, with which they share, in ventral view, the rather similar tongue-shaped form of the mid ventral genitalic structures interpreted as subgenital processes (Fig. 5). The males are distinguished from Acritoptila crinita by having spiny apical processes apico-laterally on tergite X (Fig. 6), which are hooked in Acritoptila csavar (Fig. 9), and simply curved in Acritoptila chiasma (Figs 6, 7). Neither Acritoptila chiasma nor Acritoptila csavar has the lateral setose processes seen on tergite X of Acritoptila crinita.
Male antennae each with 37–40 flagellomeres; forewing length, 2.0–2.1 mm (n = 3).
Holotype male: New Caledonia, mountain stream up Boulari River, (BPBM); 3 males (2 on slides), 4 females (1 on slide), Province Sud, lower part Rivière des Pirogues, 800 m WNW summit of Mont Imbaah, 4.7 km E Lucky Creek in Plum, 22°18.559'S, 166°41.227'E, 1.3 m, 1.xii.2003, light trap, loc#059, KAJ (NHRS); 1 male, Province Sud, Mt Dzumac, source stream of Ouinne River, at crosspoint to mountain track, 22°02.218'S, 166°28.566'E, 797 m, 18.xi.2003, light trap, loc#032, KAJ (NHRS).
The features separating Acritoptila chiasma from Acritoptila csavar are weak, but appear to be definitive. In the diagnosis of Acritoptila chiasma,
http://species-id.net/wiki/Acritoptila_csavar
Figs 8–10Males of Acritoptila csavar most closely resemble those of Acritoptila chiasma, from which it they are distinguished by the presence of hooked (Fig. 9) rather than gently curving (Fig. 6) apico-lateral spines on tergite X (also see diagnoses for Acritoptila crinita and Acritoptila chiasma), and in ventral view by the paler and more ovoid shape of the fused gonopods.
Male antennae each with 39–40 flagellomeres; forewing length, 2.0–2.3 mm (n = 6).
Paratype male, Province Sud, Tamoa River, 700 m S road RT1 between Noumea and La Foa, 22°04.518'S, 166°16.592'E, 19.xi.2003, light trap, loc#033, KAJ (NHRS); 5 males (2 on slides), Province Nord, Ponandou Tiôgé River at Kögi, 3.9 km SSW Touho, 20°49.043'S, 165°13.551'E, 25 m, 26.xii.2003, light trap, loc#100, KAJ (NHRS); 3 males (KAJ sp ‘G’), New Caledonia, Province Nord, Forêt Plate, Ouendé River, at 2.5 km WNW summit of Katépouenda, 23.3 km E Pouembout, 21°07.490'S, 165°06.723'E, 470 m, 8–15.i.2004, Malaise trap, loc#112, KAJ (NHRS).
Few specimens of this species have been collected, several from the north and several from the south (Fig. 35). See also Remarks under Acritoptila chiasma.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Acritoptila_glossocercus
Figs 11, 12This species is distinctive in the genus in having a single mid-ventral very darkly sclerotized tongue-like process, interpreted as the fused gonopods. It groups with Acritoptila crinita, Acritoptila chiasma and Acritoptila csavar in having filamentous parameres, but particularly with Acritoptila crinita in having paired setose processes laterally on tergite X (Figs 11, 12).
Acritoptila male genitalia. 11–12 Acritoptila glossocercus Kelley ventral and lateral views 13–14 Acritoptila parallela sp. n. ventral and lateral views 15–16 Acritoptila amphapsis Kelley ventral and lateral views. Abbreviations: gon = gonopod(s); ph = phallic apparatus; pr = parameres; set pr = setose process; subg = subgenital process(es); VII-X = abdominal segment VII–X.
Male antennae each with 29–32 flagellomeres, with large sensilla placodea on surfaces; forewing length, 1.9–2.3 mm (n = 7). Male genitalia (Figs 11, 12). Abdominal segment VII bearing a slender elongate process mid-ventrally. Abdominal segment VIII much shorter than IX, which is excavated mid-ventrally, accommodating darkly sclerotized, rugose tongue-like process interpreted as fused gonopods. Abdominal segment X broad based, concave apically, with two small spines medially, and laterally an elongate apically setose process. Subgenital processes, in ventral view, in form of small conical lobes, each bearing a robust seta meso-ventrally; dorsally a pair of membranous setose lobes. Paired thread-like straight parameres extend distally from robust apodemes arising from base of segment IX. Phallic apparatus stout, constricted sub-apically, a strap-like band at apex. Female unknown.
Upon examination, the holotype male was found to be identical in all respects with a group of specimens collected from the sites listed below, save in the form of the mid-ventral structure illustrated and described by
Holotype male: New Caledonia, mountain stream up Boulari River, (BPBM); 1 male, Province Sud, Monts Kwa Ne Mwa, on road between Noumea and Yaté, Rivière des Pirogues, 22°11.225'S, 166°43.338'E, 100 m, 7.xi.2003, light trap, loc#016, KAJ (NHRS); 9 males (3 on slides), Province Nord, 50 m upstream bridge on Hienghène-Tnèdo road, 3.9 km S summit of Mt Tnèda, 2.2 km E Tnèdo, 20°43.085'S, 164°49.928'E, 29 m, 7.xii.2003, light trap, loc#071, KAJ (NHRS); 3 males, New Caledonia, Province Nord, Ponandou Tiôgé River at Kögi, 3.9 km SSW Touho, 20°49.043'S, 165°13.551'E, 25 m, 26.xii.2003, light trap, loc#100, KAJ (NHRS); 1 male (on slide), Province Nord, Bouérabate Stream, S Mont Ninndo, along road Barabache-Boulagoma, 20°17.409'S, 164°11.242'E, 60 m, 19.xii.2003–7.i.2004, Malaise trap, loc#089, KAJ (NHRS).
http://zoobank.org/F31DAC91-2622-4DB5-AE43-C429A7D49EA6
http://species-id.net/wiki/Acritoptila_parallela
Figs 13, 14, 29, 35This species resembles Acritoptila glossocercus, Acritoptila chiasma, Acritoptila csavar and Acritoptila crinita in having elongate ventro-lateral spiny parameres, but differs in that apico-laterally abdominal segment VIII is produced to form pronounced lateral lobes that extend distally beyond the apices of gonopods, and gonopods and subgenital processes appear in ventral view to form a single broad-base, medially constricted plate. The females have a small elongate anchor-shaped marking ventrally on abdominal segment IX.
Male antennae each with 27–29 flagellomeres, bicoloured, apical 4 segments pale, more proximally 11 dark, rest pale; forewing length 2.0–2.2 mm (n = 6). Female antennae each with 24 flagellomeres; forewing length 2.1–2.2 mm (n = 2). Male genitalia (Figs 13, 14). Abdominal segment VII bearing slender elongate spine midventrally. Abdominal segment IX produced posteriorly, forming parallel-sided lobes, in lateral view segment narrows abruptly towards rounded apices. Gonopods and subgenital processes in ventral view appear to be fused to form a plate, broad at base, constricted medially, bearing a pair of dark knob-like setae at apico-lateral angles. Paired thread-like almost straight parameres extend distally from robust apodemes arising at base of segment IX. Phallic apparatus narrow, dilated towards apex, a sharp, sclerotized spur at right angles apically. Female genitalia (Fig. 29). Abdominal segment IX in ventral view with a pair of lobes laterally and median anchor-shaped gland.
Holotype: male, New Caledonia, Province Nord, Mt Panié, stream at camp, 20.58139°S, 164.76444°E, 1310 m, 9.xii.2003–2.i.2004, Malaise trap, loc#074, KAJ, (MNHP); paratypes: 12 males (2 on slides), 12 females (2 on slides), same data as for holotype (NHRS).
parallela, named for the nearly parallel arrangement of several structures in the male genitalia.
Acritoptila parallela is known only from the type locality in the northeast of the island.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Acritoptila_amphapsis
Figs 15, 16, 28, 34, 35Males of Acritoptila amphapsis are distinctive, being distinguished from males of other Acritoptila species by their genitalia in ventral view with parameres in form of pair of mesally directed, horn-like spines postero-lateral to gonopods (Fig. 15) and, in lateral view, coarsely hooked apices of the “ventral processes” (as termed by
This species was not commonly collected, but was taken in both the northern and southern provinces (Fig. 35). It was identified only in samples taken in the wet season, from late November, with the largest sample dated 8–15 January. This could indicate a restricted period of emergence, or possibly a later time of emergence than for other congeners. A pupal case attributed to this species by
Holotype male: New Caledonia, Honailu River, (BPBM); cases, cased pupa, Province Sud, creek between Negropa and Koh on La Foa-Canala Road, 19 Dec. 1983, A Wells (ANIC); 1 male (on slide), Province Sud, W slope Mt Ningua, Kwé Néco, Stream, at Camp Jacob, 3.7 km WNW summit of Mt Ningua, on Boulouparis-Thio Road, about 50 m upstream road, 21°43.613'S, 166°06.567'E, 150 m, 29.xi–12.xii.2003, Malaise trap, loc#054, KAJ (NHRS); 1 male, Province Nord, 50 m upstream bridge on Hienghène-Tnèdo road, 3.9 km S summit of Mt Tnèda, 2.2 km E Tnèdo, 20°43.085'S, 164°49.928'E, 29 m, 7.xii.2003, light trap, loc#071, KAJ (NHRS); 23 males, 54 females (2 males, 2 females on slides), Province Nord, Bouérabate Stream, S Mont Ninndo, along road Barabache-Boulagoma, 20°17.409'S, 164°11.242'E, 60 m, 19.xii.2003–7.i.2004, Malaise trap, loc#089, KAJ (NHRS); 1 male Province Nord, Forêt Plate, Ouendé River, at 2.5 km WNW summit of Katépouenda, 23.3 km E Pouembout, 21°07.490'S, 165°06.723'E, 470 m, 8–15.i.2004, Malaise trap, loc#112, KAJ (NHRS).
http://species-id.net/wiki/Acritoptila_planichela
Fig. 17In having the parameres branched, Acritoptila planichela resembles Acritoptila forficata, sp. n. however in Acritoptila forficata the parameres are more slender and the mesal branch is the shorter, finer branch and closely associated with the lateral branch whereas in Acritoptila planichela the lateral branch is shorter and finer than the lateral branch, and Acritoptila planichela lacks the pronounced lateral lobes on abdominal segment IX seen in Acritoptila forficata sp. n. Acritoptila planichela shares with Acritoptila ouenghica and Acritoptila macrospina sp. n. the feature of curiously modified knob-like setae on the fused, non-sclerotized gonopods, but neither of those species has branched parameres. Male antennae damaged in only specimens at hand; forewing length, 2.1 mm (n = 1).
Acritoptila male genitalia. 17 Acritoptila planichela Kelley ventral view 18–19 Acritoptila forficata sp. n. ventral and lateral views 20 Acritoptila ouenghica Wells ventral view 21 Acritoptila macrospina sp. n. lateral view. Abbreviations: gon = gonopod (s); ph = phallic apparatus; pr = parameres; subg = subgenital process(es); VIII-X = abdominal segments VIII-X.
Only a single specimen was collected despite the extensive field work. Thus, with the 3 identified by
Holotype male: New Caledonia, mountain stream up Boulari River, (BPBM); 1 male (on slide), Province Sud, Monts Kwa Ne Mwa, on road between Noumea and Yaté, 1.5 km E Pic Mouirange, 22°12.545'S, 166°40.246'E, 143 m, 9.xi.2003, light trap, loc#018, KAJ (NHRS).
http://zoobank.org/606C0AF2-B93C-4B6B-8988-E659480FD608
http://species-id.net/wiki/Acritoptila_forficata
Figs 18, 19, 35Superficially, males of Acritoptila forficata resemble those of Acritoptila parallela sp. n., having similar elongate lateral lobes on abdominal segment IX. However, Acritoptila forficata has prominent forked parameres, rather than the fine filaments that characterize Acritoptila parallela and in that feature resemble Acritoptila planichela, although the parameres are more slender, and their forks more pronounced; Acritoptila planichela lacks lateral lobes on abdominal segment IX.
Male antennae each with 29–31 flagellomeres, with large sensilla placodea on surfaces; forewing length 2.1–2.3 mm (n = 3). Male genitalia (Figs 18, 19). Abdominal segment VII bearing a slender elongate process mid-ventrally. Abdominal segment IX in ventral view laterally produced posteriorly to form prominent lateral lobes. Gonopods and subgenital processes appear to be fused to form a rounded structure, apico-laterally rounded. Paired forked spiny parameres arise from stout apodemes. Phallic apparatus slender medially, dilated towards apex, a strap-like twist apically. Female unknown.
Holotype male (on slide): New Caledonia, Province Sud, Monts des Koghis, ca 800 m S Koghi Restaurant, 22.18406°S, 166.50383°E, 420 m, 11–26.xi.2003, Malaise trap, loc#022, KAJ (MNHP); Paratypes: 2 males, Province Nord, Mt Panié, stream at camp, 20.58139°S, 164.76444°E, 1310 m, 9.xii.2003–2.i.2004, Malaise trap, loc#074, KAJ (NHRS).
Named for the forked appearance of the parameres.
Only 3 specimens of this species are known, from two widely separated localities, one in the south, the other in the north.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Acritoptila_ouenghica
Fig. 20Acritoptila ouenghica groups with Acritoptila planichela and Acritoptila macrospina sp. n. in having, in the male genitalia, curiously modified setae on the fused gonopods, described as “tab-like” by
Very few specimens of Acritoptila ouenghica were taken in all the recent collecting — one specimen from the south and several from the north (Fig. 35) — and no females have been associated.
Holotype male: New Caledonia, Ouenghi River, nr Boulouparis (ANIC); 1 male, Province Sud, Couvelée River at Haute Couvelée, 2.8 km SV summit of Mt Piditéré, 3.5 km NNE Dumbéa, 22°07.405'S, 166°28.023'E, 27 m, 28.xi.2003, light trap, loc#052, KAJ (NHRS); 5 males Province Nord, 50 m upstream bridge on Hienghène-Tnèdo road, 3.9 km S summit of Mt Tnèda, 2.2 km E Tnèdo, 20°43.085'S, 164°49.928'E, 29 m, 7.xii.2003, light trap, loc#071, KAJ (NHRS); 4 males. Province Nord, Ponandou Tiôgé River at Kögi, 3.9 km SSW Touho, 20°49.043'S, 165°13.551'E, 25 m, 26.xii.2003, light trap, loc#100, KAJ (NHRS).
http://zoobank.org/FD1907D2-8250-4909-A886-027FEFA5F496
http://species-id.net/wiki/Acritoptila_macrospina
Figs 21–23, 35The males of this species differ from all other New Caledonian species in having among genitalic structures stout, sclerotized asymmetrical parameres, in ventral view sharply angled mesally.
Antennae each with 26–31 flagellomeres, with large sensilla placodea on surfaces; forewing length 1.9–2.0 mm (n = 5).
Male genitalia (Figs 21–23). Abdominal segment VII bearing a slender elongate process mid-ventrally. Abdominal segment VIII shorter than IX. Abdominal segment IX in lateral view broader than long, in ventral view widely excavated apico-mesally. Gonopods in ventral view in form of discrete triangular lobes, each with a small rounded knob-like seta at about 2/3 length. Subgenital processes irregular in shape, in ventral view forming rounded lobe medially and pair of apically acute lobes laterally. Parameres leaf-shaped, left longer than right, in lateral view sharply down-turned, in ventral view directed mesad. Phallic apparatus elongate, dilated subapically with a slender re-curved apical spine. Female: unknown.
Acritoptila macrospina sp. n. lateral and dorsal ventral views. Abbreviations: gon = gonopod(s); ph = phallic apparatus; pr = parameres; subg = subgenital process(es); VIII–IX = abdominal segments VIII–IX.
Holotype male: New Caledonia, 1 male (on slide), Province Nord, Wemwâdiu stream, 850 m E summit Kögi Mtn, 5 m upstream road, about 200 m S Tiwaka River, 20°49.020'S, 165°14.165'E, 24 m, 6–27.xii.2003, Malaise trap, loc#067, KAJ (MNHP). Paratypes: 33 males (3 on slides), Province Nord, Ponandou Tiôgé River at Kögi, 3.9 km SSW Touho, 20°49.043'S, 165°13.551'E, 25 m, 26.xii.2003, light trap, loc#100, KAJ (NHRS); 1 male, Province Nord, Plaine des Gaïacs, Rivière Rouge, 14.2 km NW summit of Mt Rouge, 50 m upstream road RT1 Noumea-Koné, 20°31.573'S, 164°46.690'E, 23 m, 2.i.2004, light trap, loc#104, KAJ (NHRS).
Named for the stout spines in the male genitalia.
Collected from only 3 northern localities (Fig. 35).
Acritoptila female terminalia. 24–25 Acritoptila disjuncta Kelley ventral and lateral views 26 Acritoptila crinita ventral view 27 Acritoptila chiasma Kelley ventral view 28 Acritoptila amphapsis Kelley ventral view 29 Acritoptila parallela sp. n. ventral view. Abbreviations: VIII–IX = abdominal segments VIII–IX.
Acritoptila larvae and cases. 30–31 Acritoptila disjuncta Kelley larva in sponge-covered case and larva removed from case, lateral view 32–33 Acritoptila crinita Kelley larva in case of secretion and (32a) embedded diatoms and larva removed from case, lateral view 34 Acritoptila amphapsis Kelley pupa in damaged sand grain case. Scale bars: 30, 32 = 0.5 mm; 31, 33, 34 = 1.0 mm.
Maps of New Caledonia showing the collection sites for different species of Acritoptila.
Acritoptila amphapsis Kelley, 1989
Acritoptila chiasma Kelley, 1989
Acritoptila crinita Kelley, 1989
Acritoptila karika Oláh & Johanson, 2010a, syn. n.
Acritoptila csavar Oláh & Johanson, 2010a
Acritoptila disjuncta Kelley, 1989
Acritoptila forficata sp. n.
Acritoptila glossocercus Kelley, 1989
Acritoptila macrospina sp. n.
Acritoptila ouenghica Wells, 1995
Acritoptila parallela sp. n.
Acritoptila planichela Kelley, 1989
1 | Genitalia lacking discrete parameres; margins of abdominal segment X sclerotized (Fig. 20) | Acritoptila ouenghica Wells |
– | Genitalia including a pair of spiny parameres; parameres simple and unbranched (Figs 3, 4) or forked (Figs 17, 18) | 2 |
2 | Gonopods fused, in form of an elongate, anteriorly directed heavily sclerotized tongue-like process (Fig. 11) | Acritoptila glossocercus Kelley |
– | Gonopods not in form of tongue-like process, may be discrete or fused and lobe- or plate-like, membranous or sclerotized | 3 |
3 | Gonopods fully or partially sclerotized, in ventral view usually appearing as a spherical, berry-like structure (Figs 3, 5, 8) or conical lobes (Fig. 1); parameres not forked | 4 |
– | Gonopods not sclerotized (Figs 17, 18), may bear paired small knob-like setae (Fig. 17); in ventral view parameres forked (Figs 17, 18) or forceps-like (Fig. 15) or stoutly leaf-like and asymmetrical (Fig. 23) | 7 |
4 | Parameres dilated subapically, then abruptly constricted (Figs 1, 2) | Acritoptila disjuncta Kelley |
– | Parameres forming simple, straight to smoothly curved spines (Figs 3, 5, 8) | 5 |
5 | Gonopods fused, in ventral view in form of sclerotized spherical structure; subgenital processes broadly triangular; parameres whip-like, straight or gently bowed; setose lobes lateral to tergite X (Figs 3, 4) | Acritoptila crinita Kelley |
– | Gonopods fused, forming rounded or ovoid fully or partially sclerotized structure; subgenital processes tongue-like, angled mesad; parameres slender and sinuous; without setose process lateral to tergite X | 6 |
6 | Apico-lateral spines on tergite X strongly curved dorsad in lateral view (Figs 9, 10) | Acritoptila csavar Oláh & Johanson |
– | Apico-lateral spines on tergite X gently curved ventrad in lateral view (Figs 6, 7) | Acritoptila chiasma Kelley |
7 | Parameres forked | 8 |
– | Parameres simple, not forked | 9 |
8 | Lateral branch of fork on parameres (Fig. 18) more slender than mesal branch; gonopods lacking small sclerotized knobs (rounded setae) | Acritoptila forficata sp. n. |
– | Lateral branch of parameres (Fig. 17) more slender than mesal branch; gonopods each bearing small sclerotized knob | Acritoptila planichela Kelley |
9 | Parameres in ventral view sinuous, thread- or whip-like (Figs 14) | Acritoptila parallela sp. n. |
– | Parameres in ventral view not thread- or whip-like, angled mesad (Figs 15, 23), down-turned in lateral view (Figs 16, 21) | 10 |
10 | Parameres asymmetrical, stout, leaf-like; gonopods triangular, each with two knob-like setae subapically (Figs 21–23) | Acritoptila macrospina sp. n. |
– | Parameres symmetrical, in ventral view angled mesad, forceps-like; gonopods broadly rounded to subrectangular (Figs 15, 16) | Acritoptila amphapsis Kelley |
As part of the broader study on the Trichoptera of New Caledonia by researchers from the Swedish Museum of Natural History, this work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (grant #2005-4834) and National Geographic Committee for Research and Exploration (grant #7546-03). Advice on localities and help with field work were contributed by Dr. Christina Pöllabauer (Etudes et Recherches Biologiques, New Caledonia), and Dr. Nathalie Mary-Sasal (at the time in New Caledonia). We are grateful to the authorities at Direction des Ressources Naturelles (Nouméa, New Caledonia) and the authorities at the Environment Division, Department of Economic Development and Environment, Province Nord (Koné, New Caledonia) for supporting the project with collecting and export permits. Dr. Christian Mille (Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien, Station de Recherches Fruitières de Pocquereux, Laboratoire d’entomologie, La Foa, New Caledonia) was always enthusiastically helpful during the collecting on New Caledonia. Access for A. Wells to laboratory facilities at the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra is gratefully acknowledged, and for computer facilities AW thanks Australian Biological Resources Studies. The Bishop Museum, Honolulu, and particularly Shepherd Meyers, kindly hosted A. Wells’ visit in 2013 and facilitated access to the Kelley types. Two referees are thanked for useful advice.