Retaldar yanitubus sp. nov., here designated.

Genus name masculine from the free combination of the latin word ‘rete’ meaning network as for the reticulated forewings and the suffix ‘-aldar’ from the genus Euxaldar Fennah, 1978.

This new genus is similar to the genus Clypeosmilus Gnezdilov & Soulier-Perkins, 2017 in general appearance, but differs by: 1) a more complex and obscure reticular venation of the forewing (Fig. 1) while a simpler pattern is found in Clypeosmilus (Gnezdilov and Soulier-Perkins 2017, fig. 1A); 2) an asymmetrical male genitalia with the periandrium more developed on right side and the aedeagus processes emerging at different levels, more posteriorly on right side (Figs 9, 10) while it is symmetrical in Clypeosmilus (Gnezdilov and Soulier-Perkins 2017, fig. 3A); 3) gonostyli with ventral margin deeply convex (Fig. 8), while it is much more elongated in Clypeosmilus (Gnezdilov and Soulier-Perkins 2017, fig. 3C). The new genus is also similar to the genus Eusudasina Yang, 1994, from which it differs also by its more complex reticulate venation and by its longer frons, around 1.2 times longer (in middle) than broad at widest part (Figs 3, 21), only around 0.9 times longer in Eusudasina (Chan and Yang 1994, fig. 34C). With Euxaldar Fennah, 1978, Retaldar gen. nov. shares the general form of the gonostyli, which is strongly developed ventrally (Fennah 1978, fig. 251; Gnezdilov et al. 2017, fig. 8) but definitively differs by its distal postero-ventral protuberance (Fig. 8) and by its near-symmetric subapical processes on the periandrium (Figs 9, 10) while they are asymmetrical in the former (Gnezdilov et al. 2017, figs 1, 2).

Figures 1–5. 

Retaldar yanitubus sp. nov. 1 adult (holotype, male), dorsal view 2 adult (holotype, male), lateral view 3 adult (holotype, male), frontal view 4 forewing (paratype, female) 5 hindwing (paratype, female).

Figures 6–11. 

Retaldar yanitubus sp. nov., holotype. 6 male genitalia, lateral view 7 male anal tube, dorsal view 8 gonostylus, lateral view 9 phallic complex, left lateral view 10 phallic complex, right lateral view 11 apical half of phallic complex, ventral view. The arrows on Fig. 8 indicates the distal postero-ventral protuberance of gonostyli.

Head with compound eyes slightly wider than pronotum, almost same width as mesonotum (Fig. 1). Vertex rectangular, obviously broader than long at midline, anterior margin almost straight, lateral margins nearly parallel, posterior margin slightly roundly concave at middle; median carina absent on disc (Fig. 1). Frons obviously longer than wide, gradually broadening from dorsal margin to below the level of antennae, then curved to frontoclypeal suture (Figs 3, 21); dorsal margin slightly concave, lateral margins slightly broaden below level of compound eyes, median carina nearly invisible. Frons with numerous tiny tubercles on the whole disc. The tubercles larger on the lateral areas, arranged into a vertical line on each side of frons (Figs 3, 21). Frontoclypeal suture straight (Figs 3, 21). Gena in lateral view flattened and oblique (Fig. 2). Clypeus in lateral view with a protuberance below frontoclypeal suture slightly surpassing the gena (Fig. 2); in ventral view, clypeus without median carina (Figs 3, 21). Rostrum reaching midcoxae; apical segment slightly shorter than subapical one. Antennae with scape extremely short, pedicel rounded (Figs 3, 21). Pronotum triangular, apical margin roundly convex, posterior margin nearly straight, with some faint small nodules on each side or nodules invisible, median carina absent (Figs 1, 19, 20). Mesonotum triangular, a little longer than pronotum in midline, without carina on the disc; with (Fig. 1) or without (Figs 19, 20) some faint small nodules in lateral part apically. Forewings obviously longer than broad, without hypocostal plate, with elevated irregular reticular venations and venation poorly recognizable, costal margin and posterior margin subparallel, costal margin roundly convex, apical margin straight and oblique inward to posterior margin (Fig. 4), CuP obvious, Pcu and A1 fused exceeding middle of clavus (Figs 1, 4). Hindwing one-lobed. Metatibia with two lateral spines on apical half and seven spines apically.

Figures 12–18. 

Retaldar yanitubus sp. nov., paratype. 12 female anal tube, dorsal view 13 gonoplacs, lateral view 14 gonoplacs, dorsal view 15 gonapophysis IX and gonaspiculum bridge, dorsal view 16 gonapophysis IX and gonaspiculum bridge, lateral view 17 sternite VII 18 gonocoxa VIII and gonapophysis VIII, ventral view.

Figures 19–21. 

Retaldar yanitubus sp. nov., paratype. 19 adult (female), dorsal view 20 adult (female), dorsal view 21 adult (female), frontal view.

Anal tube in lateral view long and curved (Fig. 6). Pygofer long triangular in lateral view, posterior margin roundly convex (Fig. 6). Gonostyli irregularly quadrangular in profile, almost as high as long, dorsal margin nearly straight, ventral margin strongly convex with a strong posteroapical protuberance, caudo-ventral angle rounded (Figs 6, 8). Capitulum of gonostyli finger-shaped, with a small peaked spine (Fig. 8). Periandrium tubular, subapical nearly symmetric, medially constricted and slightly asymmetric in ventral view. Aedeagus processes asymmetric, right one emerging more posteriorly than left one (Figs 9, 10). Aedeagus a little longer than dorsolateral lobe and ventral lobe of periandrium (Figs 9, 10).

Anal tube in dorsal view a little longer than wide (Fig. 12). Gonoplacs nearly rectangular in lateral view, apical margin rounded (Fig. 13), in dorsal view fused at middle near base, broadest near base, outer lateral margins straight and roundly convex at base (Fig. 14). Gonapophysis IX in lateral view long and narrow, boat-shaped (Fig. 16); in dorsal view nearly triangular, basal half broader than apical half, with a spine on each side (Fig. 15); gonospiculum bridge developed (Fig. 16). Gonocoxa VIII long rectangular (Fig. 18). Three teeth at apex and three keeled teeth on outer lateral margin of anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 18). Endogonocoxal process membranous (Fig. 18).

China (Guangxi).

Specific epithet built by the arbitrary combination of the alphabet letter “Y” and “anal tube” latinised into “anitubus”, referring to the Y-shaped male anal tube in dorsal view.

The species is close to Clypeosmilus centrodasus Gnezdilov & Soulier-Perkins, 2017, from which it differs by its generic characters (complex reticular venation (Fig. 1), more or less quadrangular gonostyli bearing a postero-apical protuberance) and the form of the male anal tube, which is deeply concave on the apical margin, Y-shaped in dorsal view (Fig. 7), while very shallowly concave and cylindrical in the latter species (Gnezdilov and Soulier-Perkins 2017, fig. 3E). From Euxaldar guangxiensis Zhang, Chang & Chen, 2018, another Guangxi species, it differs by: 1) its tegmina pattern black (Fig. 19) to dark tawny with a yellow slender or broader transverse marking (Figs 1, 4, 20), while it is dark brown with more than four yellow irregular markings in E. guangxiensis (Zhang et al. 2018, figs 1, 3); 2) the form of the male anal tube which is obviously protruded in the later (Zhang et al. 2018, fig. 10), and 3) the base of periandrium with a finger-shaped dorsal process (Figs 9, 10), while it is with three dorsal processes in E. guangxiensis (Zhang et al. 2018, figs 15a, b, 16a, b).

Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Guangxi Province, Jinxiu, Dayaoshan natural reserve, Hekou, 24°14'11"N, 110°14'11"E, 689.9 m, 23 vii 2018, Feilong Yang & Kun Zhao leg.

Paratypes: 2♀♀, same data as for holotype.

Length: male (including forewings) (N =1): 3.1 mm; female (including forewings) (N =2): 3.3–3.4 mm.

Vertex tawny, disc with two dark brown circular markings; anterior, lateral and posterior margins tawny (Figs 1, 19, 20). Center of the compound eyes mostly black, surrounded by brown (Figs 1, 3, 20) or compound eyes grayish (Figs 19, 21). Frons mostly tawny, scattered with many yellow nodules on the whole disc (Figs 3, 21); the central area slightly black (Figs 3, 21); lateral areas black, with the yellow nodules arranged into a distinct line on each side (Figs 3, 21); lateral margins tawny (Figs 3, 21). Clypeus in frontal view tawny, with two vertical dark brown markings at middle (Fig. 3) or tawny but the vertical dark brown markings invisible; the basal part black (Fig. 21). Rostrum tawny (Fig. 21). In lateral view gena tawny (Fig. 2), clypeus with a broad black oblique patch covering the base of the gena and most part of the clypeus (Fig. 2). Antennae dark brown (Figs 3, 21). Pronotum tawny, with three small yellow nodules present on each side (Fig. 1) or without them (Figs 19, 20), anterior and posterior margins brown (Figs 1, 19, 20). Mesonotum mainly tawny mixed with some black, disc with two small yellow nodules on each side (Fig. 1) or disc black with nodules almost invisible (Figs 19, 20); anterior margin tawny. Forewings dark tawny, with a discontinuous yellow transverse band from the end of clavus to the middle of forewing (Figs 1, 2) or the transverse marking lighter and broader (Figs 4, 20), or the whole forewing black without any markings (Fig. 19); venations tawny or black, reticular and inconspicuous (Figs 1, 2, 4, 19, 20). Hindwing grayish-brown, with grayish reticulate venations (Fig. 5).

Head and thorax. Vertex 2.5 times wider than long in midline, without median carina; anterior margin straight; posterior margin roundly concaved (Fig. 1). Frons 1.2 times longer in middle than broad at widest part, 1.4 times wider at the widest part than apical margin (Fig. 3). Pronotum with posterior margin 3.6 times wider than long in midline, anterior margin roundly protruded (Fig. 1). Mesonotum with anterior margin 2.0 times wider than long in midline, anterior margin straight (Fig. 1). Forewings 1.6 times longer in longest part than widest part (Fig. 4), clavus obvious, the tip reaching to the middle of forewing in dorsal view (Fig. 1). Metatibiotarsal formula: 2–7/7/2.

Male genitalia. Anal tube in lateral view arc-shaped, gradually narrowing from the base to the end, apical part conical (Fig. 6); in dorsal view anal tube Y-shaped with two long straight posterolateral arms, middle part in between deeply concave; in dorsal view arms as long as median part of anal tube (Fig. 7); anal opening located at the basal 1/4 of anal tube, epiproct protruded (Fig. 7). The highest length of pygofer around 3.4 times of the widest length, no basal notch (Fig. 6). Periandrium with a finger-shaped process originated from dorsal margin of base extending to the middle, directed to caudal (Figs 9, 10); dorsolateral lobe of periandrium a little longer than ventral lobe (Figs 9, 10), the ventral lobe in ventral view rounded in apex (Fig. 11). Aedeagus asymmetric, left hooked process emerging at its mid length, S-shaped, curved and directed dorso-cephalad in lateral view, the tip not exceeding the base of right process (Figs 9, 10); right hooked process almost same length as the left but emerging from its apical 1/4, curved and directed dorsad (Figs 9, 10); apex of aedeagus rounded in lateral view, slightly exceeding dorsolateral and ventral lobe of periandrium (Figs 9, 10). The connective with strongly developed tectiductus (Figs 9, 10).

Female genitalia. Anal tube in dorsal view ovate, widest near middle, 1.2 times longer in midline than widest part, apical margin and lateral margins rounded (Fig. 12); anal opening situated at basal 1/4 (Fig. 12). Gonoplacs in dorsal view fused at middle near base, broadest near base, outer lateral margins straight and roundly convex at base (Fig. 14). Posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX in dorsal view nearly triangular, the basal half relatively sclerotized, slightly broader than apical half, apical half membranous, the inner bifurcation at apical 1/3 (Fig. 15); the posterior fibula sclerotized, with a spine on each side on apical 1/4 (Fig. 15). In lateral view, gonapophysis IX long and narrow, dorsal and ventral margins nearly parallel each to another, tip pointed (Fig. 16); gonospiculum bridge in lateral view triangular, needle-like ventrally (Fig. 16). Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII subrectangular, with three closely situated teeth at apex and three keeled teeth on the outer lateral margin, inner lateral margin without teeth (Fig. 18). Endogonocoxal process membranous, reaching the level of the apical teeth (Fig. 18). Gonocoxa VIII long rectangular, vertical with the gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 18). Hind margin of sternite VII with middle part slightly prominent and truncates in ventral view (Fig. 17).

Genes sequences were registered in GenBank with accession numbers as following: MN381856 (whole 18S), MN381853 (28S D3–D5), MN381851 (28S D6–D7), MN381857 (COXI), MN332232 (Cytb). The COXI sequence of this species differs respectively by 87 bp (over 601 bp: 14.5%) and 103 bp (over 681 bp: 15.1%) from Eusudasina nantouensis Yang, 1994 (Genbank accession number: HM052838) and Clypeosmilus centrodasus (Genbank accession number: KX761470).

As in the genus Euxaldar (Gnezdilov et al. 2017), color and color-pattern variation on forewing is reported in R. yanitubus sp. nov. Forewings might be nearly black (Fig. 19) or dark tawny (Figs 1, 2, 20), while color-patterns on the forewing varies from a light yellowish broad traverse band apically curved upward (Fig. 4) to a much thinner band only visible on the middle of forewing (Figs 1, 2) or even absent (Fig. 19).