Sinocentrus sinensis Yuan, 2002: 170, by redescription.

Large sized. Frontoclypeus distinct. Suprahumeral horns narrow, acuminate, horizontally extended laterally, width between their apex ca 0.5 to 1.0 times body length. Pronotum highly developed, with anterior part strongly inflated and evenly rounded in profile, metopidium vertical, glabrous and minutely punctate without obvious pubescence. Posterior pronotal process strongly elevated above scutellum at base, slender, elongate, evenly tapered toward apex, straight or slightly sinuate, lateral and dorsal carina well developed, apex extended beyond forewing clavus. Scutellum entirely exposed, posterior margin emarginate. Basal one-fifth of forewing with opaque sclerotization, veins M and Cu fused basally to approximately one-fifth to one-fourth of wing length then strongly divergent, veins M+Cu and R fused basally, with 1 m-cu, 2 r-m, and 1 s crossveins. Hindwing vein R branched into R₁, R_2+3, and R₄₊₅, vein M branched into M₁₊₂ and M₃₊₄, R₄₊₅ and M₁₊₂ veins not fused (four apical cells present), 1 r-m and 1 m-cu crossveins present, apical limbus broad, with wrinkles. Metathoracic trochanter without spines, tibia with 3 rows of cucullate setae.

This genus can be distinguished from other oriental Centrotinae genera by the following characters: pronotum highly developed, strongly inflated with anterior part evenly rounded, glabrous with minute punctures and no obvious pubescence, suprahumeral horns extended laterad, posterior pronotal process elevated far above scutellum, scutellum emarginate.

China (Hainan, Yunnan) (Fig. 29).

Holotype : ♂, CHINA: Hainan, Bawangling, 29 April 2017, Hong-Xing Li. Paratypes: 2♀♀, same data as holotype.

Body length: male 8.1 mm (N = 1), female 8.9–9.3 mm (N = 2); forewing length: male 7.3 mm (N = 1), female 7.3–7.9 mm (N = 2); width between humeral angles apices: male 3.3 mm (N = 1), female 3.5–3.8 mm (N = 2); width between suprahumeral horns apices: male 4.6 mm (N = 1), female 4.6–5.2 mm (N = 2).

Coloration .

General color black with scattered yellow setae. Eyes pale brown with yellow border in males, pale yellow with black markings in females (Figs 5, 6), ocelli yellow hyaline. Basal one-third of scutellum dark brown, covered with yellowish-white setae, preapical region yellowish-brown with apical white. Forewing pale yellow hyaline, one-fifth of basal, veins and apical limbus black. Hindwing veins pale brown. Thorax black with pale yellowish pubescence; coxae black with yellow pubescence; trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus yellowish-brown and tarsal claw dark brown. Abdomen reddish-brown with yellow pubescence, basal part of abdomen with a yellow spot of pubescence, apices of terga and sterna pale yellowish.

Figures 1–6. 

Sinocentrus brevicornis Li & Chen, sp. nov. 1 female habitus, dorsal view 2 same, lateral view 3 male habitus, dorsal view 4 same, lateral view 5 head and pronotum anterior view, female 6 head and pronotum anterior view, male. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Head and thorax. Head in anterior view wider than long, ratio: 2.11:1. Vertex with dorsal and ventral margins slightly arcuated and wave-shaped respectively, with wrinkles on surface and a weak median longitudinal carina. Eyes and ocelli oval, ocelli slightly closer to inner margins of eyes less than to each other. Frontoclypeus distinct and trilobed, margin with sparse setae, apices of lateral and median lobes on same plane, more than half of median lobe extending beyond towards ventral margin of vertex, and apex dorsally slightly upturned. Apex of metopidium convex in anterior view. Posterior pronotal process ending at more than half of forewing cell M₃₊₄ (last apical cell). Humeral angles triangular with apices somewhat blunt. Suprahumeral horns short, width between horns apices nearly half length of body. Scutellum humped basally, large punctures present, longer than wide, apex extended antero-dorsally male, curved ventrally in female (Figs 2, 4), posterior margin deeply emarginate. Mesothoracic femur without ablateral and adlateral cucullate setae. Metathoracic leg cucullate setae row II irregular.

Male genitalia. Pygofer (Figs 7, 11) nearly trapezoidal in lateral view; sternite IX (Fig. 12) depressed medially in ventral view. Anal tube cylindrical-shaped in lateral view. Lateral plate (Figs 7, 11, 15) with membranous dorsoapical lobe extending dorsally, slightly arcuate with setae; part of other surface with setae, margin incurved in posterior view. Basal half of subgenital plates fused, apex acute, obliquely truncate, distributed evenly setae in ventral view (Fig. 12). Style (Figs 16, 17) clasp oriented laterally, one-third compressed apically, weakly angled ventrally, lateral surface with setae; style shank with arch at central section. Base of connective W-shaped, distal part membranous and weakly depressed. Aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 9) nearly C-shaped, apical four-fifths of surface and margin with reverse serrations, the opening at middle-upper of aedeagus, ovoid.

Figures 7–17. 

Sinocentrus brevicornis Li & Chen, sp. nov. 7 male genitalia, lateral view 8 aedeagus, posterior view 9 aedeagus, lateral view 10 male genitalia, dorsal view 11 male genitalia, posterior view 12 male genitalia, ventral view 13 forewing 14 hindwing 15 lateral plate 16 style, right lateral view 17 style, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (7–12, 15–17), 1 mm (13–14).

Female genitalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 20) in ventral view with posterior margin concave, lateral margins convex and surface with setae. Pygofer (Figs 18, 19) in lateral view irregularly quadrilateral, with setae; in ventral view oblong, base slightly acute. Anal tube (Figs 18, 19) small and oval. Valvifer I (Fig. 21) semicircular and thin; valvulae I knife-shaped, apical three-fourths of dorsal surface sculptured, ventral surface of the apex with a row of small toothed processes. Valvifer II (Fig. 23) shoe-shaped in lateral view, dorsal margin membranous. Basal part of valvulae II (Fig. 22) connected to the apex of “sole”, ramus slender, parallel-sided and evenly curved in basal two-thirds, apex slightly broadened with two indistinct and widely spaced dorsal preapical tooth processes; the one-third of apical broaden slightly. Gonoplac (Fig. 23) connected to base of “sole”, apical third expanded, ventral margin with setae.

Figures 18–23. 

Sinocentrus brevicornis Li & Chen, sp. nov. 18 female genitalia, lateral view 19 female genitalia, ventral view 20 sternite VII, ventral view 21 valvifer I and valvulae I, lateral view 22 valvulae II, lateral view 23 valvifer II and gonoplac, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

China (Hainan).

The word “brevicornis” is derived from the Latins words “brevi-” and “cornu”, referring to having the short suprahumeral horns.

This species is similar to S. sinensis Yuan, 2002, but differs from the latter in: (1) forewing veins black and apical limbus black (veins yellow to light brown, apical limbus hyaline in S. sinensis) (2) suprahumeral horns short, width between suprahumeral horns apices shorter than body length (as long as body length in S. sinensis); (3) posterior pronotal process nearly straightly (concave medially in S. sinensis); (4) scutellum longer than wide (wider than long in S. sinensis); (5) apex of posterior pronotal process not reaching M₃₊₄ veins (exceeding M₃₊₄ veins in S. sinensis).

Coloration. General color reddish-brown with golden setae (Fig. 28). Head blackish-brown. Ocelli pale yellow. Eyes yellow-brown. Forewing dark brown; A₁, A₂, A_3, and Cu₁ white hyaline; Sc, R, and M brown; Cu and A pale yellow. Hindwing with veins pale yellow. Thorax dark brown. Legs reddish-brown except with tarsi yellow. Abdomen dark brown.

Head and thorax. Head wider than long. Vertex with dorsal margin arched and ventral margin oblique. Eyes oval. Ocelli hyaline, slightly closer to the inner margin of eyes less than to each other. Frontoclypeus distinct and trilobed, the apex of lateral lobes and the median lobes on the same plane, two-thirds of median lobe extending beyond towards ventral margin of vertex. Pronotum with dense setae and punctures. Humeral angles large, apices blunt. Suprahumeral horns leaflike pyramidal, horizontally extended laterally, width between suprahumeral horns apices nearly as long as body length (Figs 24–25). Nearly median part of the posterior pronotal process concave and touching forewing, apical upward, with four carinas. Scutellum short, wider greater than length, posterior margin round emarginate. Forewing with opaque sclerotization at basal one-eighth, Venation similar to that of S. brevicornis. Metathoracic trochanter without spines and tibia with 3 rows of cucullate setae.

Figures 24–28. 

Sinocentrus sinensis Yuan, 2002 24 female habitus, lateral view 25 head and pronotum, anterior view 26 female habitus, dorsal view 27 forewing and hindwing 28 holotype, female, habitus, lateral view, photo by Robert L. Snyder from the treehopper website http://treehoppers.insectmuseum.org Note: 24–27 from Fauna Sinica. Insecta Vol. 28, 171 pp, figure 66.

Male. Unknown.

China (Yunnan).

While holotype was not examined, an online image of the holotype (Fig. 28) and detailed Chinese description were available.

Figure 29. 

Geographic distributions of Sinocentrus species: S. sinensis (circle); S. brevicornis Li & Chen, sp. nov. (triangle).