This species is unlike any other species in the Caribbean Islands. It is very similar to Adesmus nigrocinctus Gahan, from Brazil, in the overall form, proportions, and antennal and elytral pubescence. It is distinguished from all other Hispaniolan hemilophines by the very long third antennomere, which, along with the basal half of the fourth is yellow, the densely pubescent pronotum without evident punctures, and the unique pattern of alternating white and black transverse fasciae on the elytra.

Size: 9.7–13.8 mm long; 3.5–5.1 mm wide between humeri. Head with dense vestiture of appressed off-white setae, thickened at base, almost scale-like; most dense on frons, less dense around eyes, base of antennal tubercles and vertex. Punctures indistinct or hidden by pubescence. Frons not bulging, level to slightly convex between eyes with exception of small medial impression extending to vertex. Gena below lower eye lobe and mandibular base a little more than one-third height of lower eye lobe; frontal-genal ridge incomplete, not extending to eye margin; ante-clypeal sulcus transverse, but mostly hidden by pubescence. Eye large, bulging laterally on lower lobe, finely faceted, upper lobe connected to lower lobe by 3–4 facets at narrowest point, lower lobe much larger than upper lobe, occupying most of head from lateral view. Interantennal region moderately impressed with antennal tubercles moderately elevated. Antenna of female extending beyond elytral apex by 2 antennomeres (by 3–4 antennomeres in males). Antenna with fringe of denser, short pubescence of two colors, white and black, and scattered, less dense, longer setae. Antennomeres black with exception of third and basal one-fourth to one-half of fourth which are yellow. Antennomere 3 very long (longer than scape + 2, nearly as long as 4+5), subsequent antennomeres gradually decreasing in length. Prothorax cylindrical, much broader than long (1.8–2.8 mm long; 2.8–3.8 mm wide), distinctly narrower than elytral base, with very slight lateral swelling, densely covered with very pale green (nearly white) scale-like pubescence covering integument and any punctures; pronotum without dorsal calli or tubercles. Pronotum about one-fifth length of body. Prosternum densely pubescent with short, appressed, off-white setae; prosternal process broadly expanded at apex, closing procoxal cavities posteriorly. Elytron with distinct punctures on basal third, becoming shallow at middle, and inconspicuous or absent at apical third, bold, transverse purplish-black fasciae at basal fourth, just posterior to middle, and at apex. These transverse areas covered with narrow, suberect, non-scale-like black setae. Between and around the purplish-black fasciae are broad, transverse areas covered with short, dense, scale-like white or off-white setae. Humeri not projecting. Elytral apices narrowly rounded to suture, without spines. Elytron 7.2–9.7 mm long; 1.7–2.7 mm wide; elytral length/width: 3.7–4.2. Scutellum narrowly rounded posteriorly, with sparse pale green or white pubescence. Legs with femora and tibiae sublinear, only weakly thickened apically. Metafemur short, extending to about third ventrite, with moderately dense white and black pubescence not obscuring surface. Legs bicolored with protibia and venter of profemur yellow, mesotibia and metatibia yellow, and base of tarsomeres 1 and 2 yellow, all remaining portions of legs black. Venter mostly densely pubescent with metathorax and last 3 ventrites mostly covered in short, white pubescence, elsewhere mostly covered in black pubescence. Apex of fifth ventrite of males and females broadly truncate with small median notch.

The species epithet is a genitive patronym in honor of Fortuné Chalumeau (CRAAG) for his extensive and important work in Cerambycidae of the Lesser Antilles and for collecting the first known specimen.

Adesmus is represented by more than 50 species in Central and South America, but this species represents the first occurrence of the genus in Hispaniola and only the third one known from the Caribbean Islands. It is known from two specimens.

Holotype (female): Dominican Republic: Pedernales Province, N. of Cabo Rojo; Parque Nacional Sierra de Bahoruco; km 26 on Carretera Arcoa [sic]; transitional forest (between dry and pine forests); elev. 691 m; 18.113500°, -71.621100°, 11 May 2010, coll. G.J. Svenson (ENPC, transferred to USNM). Paratype (male): Dominican Republic: Cordillera Central: Constanza, 1300 m, 12 July 1978, Fortuné Chalumeau (CRAAG).

This species is easily distinguished from all other Hispaniolan hemilophines by the bidentate elytral apices and bold red or orange pattern of pubescence on the pronotum and elytra. This species is similar to the Cuban Oedudes ramsdeni (Fisher), but differs in having the pronotal black spots at the middle and posterior portions of the pronotum (not concentrated only at the base as in Oedudes ramsdeni); the legs, including the femora, most of the tibiae, and most of the tarsi pale reddish (not dark reddish-brown to black as in Oedudes ramsdeni); the black fascia at the base of the elytron is large and extends to the suture and laterally down the length of the elytron (in Oedudes ramsdeni, it is relatively small and does not extend to the suture or lateral margin); and in having the antennae bicolored with pale annulations at the bases of at least antennomeres 2–6 (uniformly black in all other species of Oedudes).

Size: 9.0–12.0 mm long; 2.9–4.2 mm wide between humeri. Head with dense vestiture of appressed yellow, orange, or red setae, thickened at base, almost scale-like, dense throughout except on gena and posterior to upper eye lobes. Punctures indistinct or hidden by pubescence except on fronto-clypeal margin. Frons not bulging, level to slightly convex between eyes, without medial impression. Gena below lower eye lobe and mandibular base about one-half height of lower eye lobe; frontal-genal ridge absent; ante-clypeal sulcus obsolete. Eye large, slightly bulging laterally on lower lobe, finely faceted, upper lobe connected to lower lobe by 3–4 facets at narrowest point, lower lobe much larger than upper lobe, occupying about one-half of head from lateral view. Interantennal region not impressed, antennal tubercles weakly elevated. Antenna slender, extending beyond elytral apex by 1 antennomere in females (males unknown). Antenna with moderately dense, appressed, short pubescence of two colors, white and black, and scattered, sparse, long setae on venter of basal segments. Antennomeres mostly black with pale yellow or orange annulations on basal portions of at least 2–6. Antennomere 3 very long (longer than scape + 2; nearly as long as 4+5), subsequent antennomeres gradually decreasing in length. Prothorax cylindrical, slightly broader than long (1.8–2.5 mm long; 2.1–3.0 mm wide), distinctly narrower than elytral base, with very slight lateral protuberance at middle, densely covered with red or orange scale-like pubescence (fading to yellow in some pinned specimens) covering most of integument, sparse punctures visible in regions with black maculae around middle and base; pronotum without dorsal calli or tubercles, about one-fifth length of body. Prosternum integument dark brown, with sparse, short, white and translucent setae. Prosternal process broadly expanded at apex, closing procoxal cavities posteriorly. Elytron with distinct punctures strongest at base, becoming shallower at middle, mostly absent at apical third, dense, scale-like red or orange pubescence (fading to yellow in some dried specimens) present in bold pattern around scutellum and in transverse, slightly posteriorly angled fascia at middle and near apex, otherwise, elytra black. Humerus strongly projecting anterolaterally, often with extreme apex glabrous. Elytral apices bidentate, with concavity between sutural and apicolateral points. Elytron 6.8–9.0 mm long; 1.5–2.1 mm wide; elytral length/width: 4.2–4.5. Scutellum broadly rounded posteriorly, densely covered in orange or red (fading to yellow). Legs with femora and tibiae sublinear, only weakly thickened apically. Metafemora short, extending to about third ventrite. Moderately dense, translucent or pale pubescence on tibiae; femora sparsely pubescent. Legs pale orange or pale testaceous throughout except meso- and metafemur, tibial apices, and apices of tarsomeres which are dark brown to black. Venter mostly densely pubescent and dark brown or yellow-orange with denser patches of reddish-orange (fading to yellow in some dried specimens) pubescence on posterolateral margins of metasternum and ventrites 2–4 or 2–5. Apex of fifth ventrite of females broadly truncate with small median notch (males unknown).

The specific epithet is a Latin adjective, nominative case, masculine gender, meaning ringed, and refers to the pale basal annulations on most antennomeres.

The genus Oedudes is now represented by 8 species in the Neotropics and this is the first record for the genus in Hispaniola. It is known from 3 specimens.

Holotype (female): Dominican Republic: Peravia Prov., 5 km W of road to El Rio, S. of Pedregal, 19°05.092'N, 70°35.864'W, 52 m, 23 June 2005, Steven W. Lingafelter (USNM). Paratypes (2 females): Dominican Republic, Pico Duarte Trail, 3300’, Los Tablones - day coll., 19°08.222'N, 70°27.736'W, 29 June 2004, D. Perez (USNM); Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, Parque Nacional Armando Bermudez, 1–3 km along trail W of La Cienaga, 900–1100 m, June 22, 2005, Specimen ID 7643, Nearns & Lingafelter (ENPC).

This species, like Calocosmus thonalmus, is very distinctive since it has a similarly contorted elytral apex. It differs in having the middle antennomeres (4–7) fulvous annulate at the basal one-fourth to one-half (the antennae are uniformly black in Calocosmus thonalmus); the lower eye lobe much larger, the genal region below it is less than one-third height of lower eye lobe (nearly as high as the lower eye lobe in Calocosmus thonalmus); in having the elytral apex with a minor pubescent ridge between the two major costal ridges (Calocosmus thonalmus has a simple glabrous depression between the two major costal ridges); a relatively long metasternal setal brush (this setal brush, apparently only developed in males of some species of Calocosmus, is much shorter in Calocosmus thonalmus); and in having longer and more slender femora and tibiae (the metafemur extends to the posterior margin of the third ventrite in Calocosmus contortus but only to the anterior margin of third ventrite in Calocosmus thonalmus).

Size: 8.2 mm long; 2.5 mm wide between humeri. Head with dense vestiture of very short, ashy-white setae, slightly thickened at base, but not obscuring surface, along with scattered long, dark setae on frons. Sparse, mostly non-contiguous punctures scattered throughout head. Frons not bulging, moderately concave between eyes, with division by median groove extending to vertex. Gena below lower eye lobe and mandibular base about one-third height of lower eye lobe; frontal-genal ridge very short, extending vertically for a short distance toward eye margin from genal margin. Anteclypeal sulcus absent. Eye large, bulging laterally on lower lobe beyond plane of head, finely faceted, upper lobe connected to lower lobe by 3 facets at narrowest point, lower lobe much larger than upper lobe, occupying nearly one-half of head from lateral view. Interantennal region impressed, antennal tubercles slightly elevated. Antenna moderately stout, short, surpassing elytral apex by about 2 antennomeres in males (females unknown). Antenna with vestiture of semi-appressed, dense, short, black pubescence and scattered, sparse, long, dark setae, especially at antennomere apices and mesal margins. Antennomeres black, except scape which is reddish-brown and 4–7 which have orange basal annulations. Antennomere 3 longer than scape + 2 but shorter than 4+5, subsequent antennomeres short and gradually decreasing in length or subequal. Prothorax cylindrical, broader than long (1.3 mm long; 1.8 mm wide), distinctly narrower than elytral base, with only slight middle swelling, densely covered with short whitish-gray setae, however inconspicuous and not obscuring integument. Pronotum with overall orange appearance, without maculae. Pronotum with distinct, large, scattered, non-contiguous punctures. Pronotum about one-sixth length of body. Prosternum inconspicuously pubescent with short, orange or translucent setae. Prosternal process very narrow between protuberant procoxae, broadly expanded at apex, closing procoxal cavities posteriorly. Elytron with distinct, dense punctures that terminate at anterior margin of dark, apical macula, with areas of dense, short, erect, velvety white, pubescence that does not obscure surface and sparse, longer, erect, black setae scattered on basal two-thirds. Elytron bicolored: basal one-half orange, apical one-half iridescent purplish-black. Purplish-black elytral apex highly modified and contorted with 2 elevated costae at middle with crest of erect, short, black setae. Intercostal region between them is level, with small region of erect, black setae. Humerus not projecting anterolaterally, with pubescence similar to adjacent regions. Elytral apices narrowly rounded to suture, without spines. Elytron 5.9 mm long; 1.3 mm wide; elytral length/width: 4.5. Scutellum narrowly subtruncate posteriorly, with short, black setae and orange ground color. Legs with tibiae weakly thickened apically. Femora and tibiae slender, elongate; metafemur surpassing third ventrite. Legs with white and translucent pubescence not obscuring surface, becoming most dense and darker on tibiae. Femora orange; tibiae dark reddish-brown; tarsomeres dark reddish-brown at apices. Venter mostly sparsely and inconspicuously pubescent (not obscuring surface). Venter orange throughout except for apex of fifth ventrite of male which is darkened. Apex of fifth ventrite of males broadly truncate with small median notch (females unknown).

The species epithet is a Latin noun, nominative case, masculine gender that refers to the contorted elytral apex.

This species, along with Calocosmus thonalmus, is among the most highly morphologically evolved members of the Batesian mimicry complex with the lycid beetle genus Thonalmus (Fig. 2b). It is known from one specimen.

Holotype (male): Dominican Republic, [San Cristóbal Province], Colonia Ramfis, 3 April 1953, J. A. Ramos (USNM).

This species is distinct from other species of Calocosmus (and other Hispaniolan hemilophines) by the distinct, dense punctures throughout the elytra, the all black antennae with very narrowly white annulate antennomeres, and the nearly completely black elytra except for the pattern of orange maculae as described below.

Size: 12.3 mm long; 4.9 mm wide between humeri. Head with dense vestiture of very short, appressed off-white setae, thickened at base, almost scale-like but not obscuring surface, most dense on frons and around antennae, less dense elsewhere. Large, well-defined, non-contiguous punctures scattered throughout head. Frons not bulging, level between eyes with division by a median groove extending to vertex. Gena below lower eye lobe and mandibular base a little more than one-half height of lower eye lobe; frontal-genal ridge incomplete, extending briefly at 45 degree angle between eye margin and clypeal margin. Anteclypeal sulcus absent. Eye not large, not bulging laterally on lower lobe beyond plane of head, finely faceted, upper lobe connected to lower lobe by 3 facets at narrowest point, lower lobe larger than upper lobe, occupying about one-fourth of head from lateral view. Interantennal region not impressed, antennal tubercles very slightly elevated. Antenna moderately stout, short, not attaining elytral apex in female (males unknown). Antenna with vestiture of appressed, dense, short pubescence of two colors, white and black, and scattered, sparse, long setae, especially at antennomere apices and mesal margins. Antennomeres black with exception of extreme bases that are annulate with appressed, white, setae. Antennomere 3 not very long (shorter than scape + 2; nearly as long as 4+5, which are short), subsequent antennomeres very short and subequal or gradually decreasing in length. Prothorax cylindrical, slightly broader than long (2.7 mm long; 4.0 mm wide), distinctly narrower than elytral base, with small post-lateral protuberance, densely covered with appressed, short, yellowish-orange scale-like pubescence, however not obscuring integument. Pronotum with overall orange appearance with ovate, black divided macula at middle and slightly darker patches anterior to elytral base. Pronotum with distinct, large, non-contiguous punctures, without dorsal calli or tubercles, but with swelling posterior to middle. Pronotum a little less than one-fourth length of body. Prosternum inconspicuously pubescent with short, appressed, orange or yellow setae. Prosternal process broadly expanded at apex, closing procoxal cavities posteriorly. Elytron with distinct, dense punctures throughout except on extreme apex, covered in dense, short pubescence, but not obscuring surface. Elytral color black, except for orange pattern as follows: base around scutellum, along suture to middle, along part of epipleuron, and small antemedial spot. Humerus moderately projecting anterolaterally, with extreme apex glabrous. Elytral apices broadly rounded to suture, without spines. Elytron 8.9 mm long; 2.5 mm wide; elytral length/width: 3.6. Scutellum broadly rounded posteriorly, with dense but inconspicuous pubescence that does not obscure orange ground color. Legs with femora and tibiae weakly thickened apically. Metafemora short, just barely extending to third ventrite. Legs with white and translucent pubescence not obscuring surface, becoming most dense at apex of tibiae. Legs orange except for apical one-half of tibiae and all of tarsi which are black. Venter mostly densely but inconspicuously pubescent (not obscuring surface). Venter orange throughout except for dark spot on metasternum, part of metepisternum, and lateral margin of ventrites 1–3. Apex of fifth ventrite of females broadly truncate with very small median notch (males unknown).

The specific epithet is a Latin adjective, nominative case, masculine gender that refers to the dense, conspicuous elytral punctures.

This species is known from a single specimen.

Holotype (female): Dominican Republic: Peravia Prov., 12.4 km E. Rio Ocoa, 3 July 1992, M. A. & R. O. Ivie, collectors (WIBF, transferred to USNM).

This slender species is distinguished from all other Hispaniolan hemilophines by the combination of having the legs nearly completely dark reddish-brown to black, base of elytron, including scutellum, nearly completely dark, apical region of elytron dark, mostly pubescent and impunctate, and humeri not projecting. It is most similar to Calocosmus chevrolati Fisher, but in that species the femora and scutellum are fulvous-orange and the apical black elytral macula is mostly punctate.

Size: 9.6 mm long; 2.7 mm wide between humeri. Head with dense vestiture of very short, appressed yellow-orange setae, not thickened at base, not obscuring surface, most dense on frons and antennal tubercles, less dense elsewhere. Scattered long, black setae present on frons. Large, well-defined, non-contiguous punctures scattered throughout head. Frons not bulging, slightly concave between eyes with poorly defined median groove extending to vertex. Gena below lower eye lobe and mandibular base about one-half height of lower eye lobe; frontal-genal ridge incomplete, extending dorsally but not contacting eye margin. Anteclypeal sulcus absent. Eye large, slightly bulging laterally on lower lobe beyond plane of head, finely faceted, upper lobe connected to lower lobe by 3 facets at narrowest point, lower lobe larger than upper lobe, occupying about one-third of head from lateral view. Interantennal region weakly impressed, antennal tubercles weakly elevated. Antenna moderately slender, exceeding elytral apex by a little more than 2 antennomeres in male (females unknown). Antenna with vestiture of appressed, dense, short, black pubescence and fringe of long setae, especially at antennomere apices and mesal margins. Antennomeres black with exception of extreme bases of 3–7 that are orange-fulvous annulate. Antennomere 3 not very long (only slightly longer than scape + 2; shorter than 4+5), subsequent antennomeres subequal or gradually decreasing in length. Prothorax cylindrical, broader than long (1.5 mm long; 2.0 mm wide), distinctly narrower than elytral base, with small lateral protuberance at middle, densely covered with appressed, short, yellowish-orange scale-like pubescence, however not completely obscuring integument. Pronotum with overall orange appearance, without maculae. Pronotum with distinct, large, non-contiguous punctures on most of disc, without dorsal calli or tubercles. Pronotum a little less than one-sixth length of body. Prosternum inconspicuously pubescent with short, appressed, orange or yellow setae. Prosternal process between strongly protuberant procoxae, broadly expanded at apex, closing procoxal cavities posteriorly. Elytron with distinct, dense punctures throughout but absent from most of apical black maculate region, covered in dense, short pubescence of two colors, black and yellow-orange, but not obscuring surface. Elytral color with black and orange pattern as follows: most of basal third black, most of middle third orange, most of apical third black. Humerus not projecting anterolaterally, without glabrous region. Elytral apices narrowly rounded to suture, without spines. Elytron 7.3 mm long; 1.4 mm wide; elytral length/width: 5.2. Scutellum broadly rounded posteriorly, with moderately dense, black pubescence and dark ground color. Legs with tibiae weakly thickened apically. Metafemur extending to third ventrite. Legs mostly covered with black setae, not obscuring surface, becoming most dense at apex of tibiae. Legs black throughout except for coxa and anterior face of profemur which are reddish-brown. Venter mostly densely but inconspicuously pubescent (not obscuring surface). Venter mostly orange throughout, but suffused with darker areas on some thoracic and abdominal sclerites. Apex of fifth ventrite of male rounded, without median notch (females unknown).

The species epithet is a genitive patronym in honor of John Rawlins (CMNH) for leading important expeditions to the Dominican Republic and collecting the holotype.

This species is known from a single specimen.

Holotype (male): Dominican Republic: Elias Pina Prov., Sierra de Neiba, 9.1 km WSW Hondo Valle, 18°41'38"N, 71°46'56"W, 1856 m, 30 April 2006, J. Rawlins, J. Hyland, R. Davidson, C. Young, D. Koenig, J. Fetzner, wet montane forest, pine, hand collected, Sample 31246, Carnegie Museum Specimen Number CMNH-532, 987 (CMNH).

Like Calocosmus nigritarsis, this is a highly polymorphic species with regard to maculations of the head, pronotum, scutellum, and elytron. This robust species is most similar to Calocosmus melanurus and Calocosmus nigritarsis in its large size and proportions. It differs from Calocosmus melanurus in having at least part of the tibiae and tarsi darkened (entirely fulvous in Calocosmus melanurus). It differs from Calocosmus nigritarsis in having most antennomeres with basal fulvous annulations and a pronotum either entirely fulvous or with a very small anteromedial dark macula (antennae black and most antennomeres without basal annulations; pronotum usually with a large anteromedial black macula in Calocosmus nigritarsis).

Size: 13.4–15.4 mm long; 5.2–5.9 mm wide between humeri. Head with dense vestiture of very short, orange pubescence that does not obscure surface, maculae of similar black pubescence present on vertex and/or posterior to upper eye lobes in some specimens. Scattered long, black setae present on frons. Large, well-defined, non-contiguous punctures scattered throughout frons and posterior to upper eye lobes. Frons not bulging, either level or slightly convex between eyes, with division by median groove extending to vertex. Gena below lower eye lobe and mandibular base about one-half height of lower eye lobe; frontal-genal ridge incomplete, extending for a short distance at 45 degree angle between eye margin and clypeal margin. Anteclypeal sulcus absent. Eye small, not bulging laterally on lower lobe beyond plane of head, finely faceted, upper lobe connected to lower lobe by 2–3 facets at narrowest point, lower lobe larger than upper lobe, occupying about one-fourth of head from lateral view. Interantennal region not impressed, antennal tubercles not or very slightly elevated. Antenna moderately stout, short, not attaining elytral apex in females (males unknown). Antenna with vestiture of appressed, dense, short, translucent pubescence (also white pubescence in one specimen) and scattered, sparse, long black and translucent setae, especially at antennomere apices and mesal margins. Antennomeres black with exception of extreme bases that are orange-fulvous annulate (sometimes with appressed, white setae). Antennomere 3 short (only slightly longer than scape + 2; subequal to or slightly longer than 4+5 which are short), subsequent antennomeres subequal or gradually decreasing in length. Prothorax cylindrical, broader than long (2.8–3.1 mm long; 4.0–4.5 mm wide); distinctly narrower than elytral base, with pronounced lateral protuberance at middle, densely covered with short orange-red setae, however not obscuring integument. Pronotum with overall orange appearance, immaculate or with small, ill-defined black macula at center of disc. Pronotum with distinct, large, mostly non-contiguous punctures throughout, without dorsal calli or tubercles, but with swelling at middle. Pronotum about one-fifth length of body. Prosternum inconspicuously pubescent with short, orange or red setae. Prosternal process between strongly protuberant procoxae, broadly expanded at apex, closing procoxal cavities posteriorly. Elytron with distinct, dense punctures, becoming shallow or absent by apical third, covered in dense, separate regions of short, velvet-like orange or red pubescence, but not obscuring surface. Elytral color variable, with black and orange or red regions as follows: basal and apical one-third black with middle one-third orange or red, or basal two-thirds orange or red with apical one-third black. Humerus moderately or weakly projecting anterolaterally, partially denuded of pubescence at apex. Elytral apices broadly rounded to suture, without spines. Elytron 9.9–11.3 mm long; 2.6–3.0 mm wide; elytral length/width: 3.7–3.8. Scutellum broadly rounded posteriorly, with inconspicuous pubescence that does not obscure orange or black ground color. Legs with tibiae weakly thickened apically. Metafemur short, barely reaching third ventrite. Legs with white and translucent pubescence not obscuring surface, becoming most dense at apex of tibiae. Legs orange except for apical one-half of tibiae and all or part of tarsi which are black. Venter mostly densely but inconspicuously pubescent, not obscuring surface. Venter orange throughout or with dark spot on metasternum and occasionally metepisternum. Apex of fifth ventrite of females rounded, with median notch (males unknown).

The species epithet is a Latin adjective, nominative case, masculine gender that refers to the robustness of the individuals.

This species is known from 3 female specimens.

Holotype (female): Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, Parque Nacional Armando Bermudez, km 1–3 along trail W of La Ciénaga, 900–1100 m, 19°01.753'N, 70°54.654'W, 2 July 2010, N. E. Woodley (USNM). Paratypes (2 females): Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, Parque Nacional Armando Bermudez, km 1–3 along trail W of La Ciénaga, 900–1100 m, [no coordinates], 7 June 2005, SpecID: 7062, Gino Nearns (ENPC); same data but 24 June 2005, SpecID: 7608, Nearns & Lingafelter (USNM).

This species is very distinctive since it, along with Calocosmus contortus, are the only ones with a highly modified elytral apex with elevated, pubescent ridged costae and deep intercostal spaces, giving a contorted appearance. It is distinguished from Calocosmus contortus by its uniformly black antennae (antennomeres 4–7 fulvous at the base in Calocosmus contortus); smaller lower eye lobe that is far removed from the genal base (gena is about one-third of the height of the lower eye lobe in Calocosmus contortus); elytra with two apical pubescent costae separated by a concave depression (a third minor costa is present between the two major ones in Calocosmus contortus); relatively short metasternal setal brush (this setal brush, apparently only developed in males of some species of Calocosmus, is much longer in Calocosmus contortus); and in its much shorter, thickened legs with the metafemur barely reaching the third ventrite (extending to the posterior margin of the third ventrite in Calocosmus contortus.) It is also superficially similar to some specimens of Calocosmus hispaniolae since both species possess a dark, shiny apical area of the elytron (with elevated costae in some specimens of Calocosmus hispaniolae), but they are never convoluted with pubescent crests as in Calocosmus thonalmus.

Size: 7.0–7.9 mm long; 2.1–2.7 mm wide between humeri. Head with dense vestiture of very short, ashy-white setae, slightly thickened at base, but not obscuring surface, along with scattered long, translucent or dark setae on frons. Numerous well-defined, mostly non-contiguous punctures scattered throughout head. Frons not bulging, either level or slightly concave between eyes, with division by median groove extending to vertex. Gena below lower eye lobe and mandibular base about two-thirds height of lower eye lobe; frontal-genal ridge very short, extending for a short distance vertically toward eye margin from genal margin. Anteclypeal sulcus absent. Eye small to moderate sized, very weakly bulging laterally on lower lobe beyond plane of head, finely faceted, upper lobe connected to lower lobe by 2–3 facets at narrowest point, lower lobe larger than upper lobe, occupying about one-fourth of head from lateral view (slightly smaller in females). Interantennal region not impressed, antennal tubercles not elevated. Antenna moderately stout, short, surpassing elytral apex by less than 1 antennomere in females and a little more than 2 antennomeres in males. Antenna with vestiture of semi-appressed, dense, short, black pubescence and scattered, sparse, long setae, especially at antennomere apices and mesal margins. Antennomeres black, without annulations. Antennomere 3 longer than scape + 2 but shorter than 4+5, subsequent antennomeres short and gradually decreasing in length. Prothorax cylindrical, broader than long (1.3–1.6 mm long; 1.6–2.0 mm wide), distinctly narrower than elytral base, with middle swelling and lateral protuberance, densely covered with short yellowish-orange setae, however not obscuring integument. Pronotum with overall orange appearance, without maculae. Pronotum with distinct, large, mostly non-contiguous punctures throughout. Pronotum about one-fifth length of body. Prosternum inconspicuously pubescent with short, orange or translucent setae. Prosternal process broadly expanded at apex, closing procoxal cavities posteriorly. Elytron with distinct, dense punctures that terminate at anterior margin of dark, apical macula, with areas of dense, short, erect, velvety white, pubescence that does not obscure surface and sparse, longer, erect, black setae scattered on basal two-thirds. Elytron bicolored: slightly more than basal one-half orange, slightly less than apical one-half iridescent purplish-black. Purplish-black elytral apex highly modified and contorted with 2 elevated costae at middle with crest of erect, short, black setae. Intercostal regions concave and mostly glabrous. Humerus not projecting anterolaterally, partially denuded of pubescence at apex. Elytral apices narrowly rounded to suture, without spines. Elytron 4.8–5.7 mm long; 1.0–1.4 mm wide; elytral length/width: 4.0-4.8. Scutellum broadly subtruncate posteriorly, mostly glabrous with orange ground color. Legs with tibiae weakly thickened apically. Femora and tibiae short; metafemur barely reaching third ventrite. Legs with white and translucent pubescence not obscuring surface, becoming most dense at apex of tibiae. Femora orange; tibiae orange to black; tarsi dark orange to black. Venter mostly sparsely and inconspicuously pubescent, not obscuring surface. Venter orange throughout except for apex of fifth ventrite of both sexes which is piceous. Apex of fifth ventrite of females broadly truncate with very small median notch, broadly rounded with relatively larger notch in males.

The species epithet is a Latin noun, nominative case, masculine gender that refers to the similarity of this species to members of the lycid genus, Thonalmus Bourgeois.

This species, along with Calocosmus contortus, is a highly modified member of the Batesian mimicry complex with the lycid beetle genus Thonalmus (Fig. 2b). It is known from two specimens.

Holotype (male): Dominican Republic, La Altagracia Province, El Veron, road to Hoyo Azul, 25–40 m, beating, SpecID: 6701, Nearns & Lingafelter, 26 June 2005 (ENPC, transferred to USNM). Paratype (1 female): Dominican Republic, La Altagracia Province, Parque Nacional del Este, 2.9 km SW Boca de Yuma, 18°21'51"N, 68°37'05"W, 11 m, 28 May 2004, C. Young, J. Rawlins, J. Fetzner, C. Nunez, semihumid dry forest, limestone, UV light, Sample 52114, CMNH 396, 805 (CMNH).

This species is variable with regard to the presence or absence of dark maculae at the elytral base and or humerus. It is similar to Calocosmus hispaniolae in size and proportions, but the apical black elytral macula is matte and lacks the metallic purple iridescence that is present in Calocosmus hispaniolae. This region is also very pubescent and punctate while in Calocosmus hispaniolae, large areas are devoid of pubescence and punctation. It is somewhat similar to Calocosmus rawlinsi, but differs in having punctures in the apical dark portion of the elytron and in having the femora fulvous (dark reddish-brown to black in Calocosmus rawlinsi).

This species, previously known only from Cuba, is here recorded for Hispaniola, a new island record. Haiti and the Dominican Republic represent new country records.

Haiti, Port au Prince, 1899, R. D. Crew (1 specimen, USNM); Dominican Republic, La Altagracia Province, Parque Nacional del Este, Boca de Yuma, 18°21.508'N, 68°36.956'W, 19 July 2004, N. Woodley, S. Lingafelter & 20 July 2004, D. Perez, S. Lingafelter (2 specimens, USNM); Dominican Republic, La Altagracia Prov, Punta Cana, near Ecological Reserve, 0-5 meters, 18°30.477'N, 68°22.499'W, 14 June 2005, S. Lingafelter & 2 July 2006, S. Lingafelter (2 specimens, USNM); Dominican Republic, Barahona Province, 11 km S. Barahona, May 6–17, 1985, E. Giesbert, coll. (FSCA); Dominican Republic, Pedernales, PN Jaragua, 99 m, UV light, 3 km S Los Tres Charcos, Spec. ID 7034, Nearns and Lingafelter, 16 June 2005 (1 specimen, ENPC); Dominican Republic, San Pedro de Macorís Province, 12 km W. San Pedro de Macorís, 5–19 May, 1985, E. Giesbert, coll. (FSCA).

In size and proportions, this species is similar to Calocosmus chevrolati. It is easily distinguished by having the dark apex of the elytron with a shiny, metallic purple iridescence (black with a matte finish in Calocosmus chevrolati). Also, this apical region has areas lacking pubescence and punctures (densely punctate and pubescent in Calocosmus chevrolati). The metallic elytral apex sometimes has elevated costae making specimens similar to Calocosmus thonalmus and Calocosmus contortus, however, the elytral apex is never contorted to that extreme and lacks the costal pubescent ridges characteristic of those species.

This species is known only from Hispaniola.

Dominican Republic, La Altagracía Province, Parque Nacional del Este, Boca de Yuma, 18°21.508'N, 68°36.956'W, 20 July 2004, N. Woodley, S. Lingafelter (1 specimen, USNM); Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, Parque Nacional Armando Bermudez, km 1–3 along trail west of La Ciénega, 1100 m, 22 June 2005, A. Konstantinov (1 specimen, USNM); Dominican Republic, Santiago Province, Parque Nacional Armando Bermudez, Rio Bao, 1212 m, 10 July 1992, M A. & R. O. Ivie (1 specimen, WIBF); Dominican Republic, La Altagracia Province, Parque del Este, 2.9 km southwest of Boca de Yuma, 18°21.51'N, 68°37.05'W, 11 m, 28 May 2004, C. Young, J. Rawlins, J. Fetzner, C. Nunez, semihumid dry forest, limestone, hand collected, 52114, CMNH 327, 105 (1 specimen, CMNH); Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, 4.1 km southwest El Convento, 18°50.37'N, 70°42.48'W, 1730 m, 31 May 2003, J. Rawlins, R. Davidson, C. Young, C. Nuñez, P. Acevedo, dense secondary evergreen forest with pine, hand collected, sample 22242, CMNH 319, 721 (1 specimen, CMNH); Dominican Republic, San Cristóbal Province, 10 miles north San Cristóbal, 27 August, 1967, J. C. Schaffner (1 specimen, TAMU); Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, 8 miles west Jayaco, 3 August, 1967, J. C. Schaffner (1 specimen, TAMU).

This species is easily distinguished from all other Hispaniolan Hemilophini by the uniformly purplish-black elytra, black antennae without annulations, and pronounced elytral humeri. The only other species with mostly dark elytra are Calocosmus punctatus, Calocosmus semimarginatus, and Calocosmus nigripennis. Calocosmus punctatus is distinguished easily by having the antennae with basal annulations of gray pubescence on most antennomeres, the elytra with scattered fulvous regions, and having the elytral punctures far more dense and well defined than in Calocosmus janus. Calocosmus semimarginatus and Calocosmus nigripennis are easily distinguished by lacking humeral projections and by their small size (most specimens less than 8 mm long while most specimens of Calocosmus janus are greater than 10 mm long).

Calocosmus holosericeus Gahan is a new synonym of Calocosmus janus Bates. Photos of the holotypes show they are nearly identical, as are the original Latin descriptions for each. Calocosmus holosericeus was described from Hispaniola and Calocosmus janus was described from Cuba. The Dominican Republic and Hispaniola therefore represent new country and island records for Calocosmus janus.

Dominican Republic, Pedernales Province, Parque Nacional Sierra de Baoruco, Las Abejas, 18°09.011'N, 71°37.342'W, 1150 m, 18 June 2005, S. Lingafelter (1 specimen, USNM); Dominican Republic, Barahona Province, 4.5 km S. Barahona, 23 May 1992, R. Turnbow (1 specimen, RHTC).

This large species is easily recognized by its striking, bold red or orange coloration with black maculae on the elytra and pronotum. It is the only species with the apical black macula of the elytron restricted to less than the apical one-eighth, a small, humeral macula, and the pronotum dorsally with three small, dark maculae (one at center, and one at each side of center). The postmedial black macula can range in size from a spot less than half the width of the elytron to a transverse band extending the full width of the elytron.

This is perhaps the most strikingly colored Calocosmus known. In life, specimens have a vivid red color with bold, black maculae. Unfortunately, this fades to pale orange or yellow in most pinned specimens. This species was described from Haiti, and recorded herein from the Dominican Republic for the first time.

Dominican Republic, Pedernales Province, 13 May 2010, 1 km N. of Banano, Rio Molito, 18°09.256'N, 71°45.384'W, 290 m, Kelvin Guerrero (1 specimen, USNM); Dominican Republic, Pedernales Province, 25 km N. Cabo Rojo, 18°06.769'N, 71°37.245'W, 679 m, Kelvin Guerrero (1 specimen, USNM); Dominican Republic: Pedernales, Sierra de Baoruco, Aceitillar, 23.6 km NE Pedernales, 18°09'23"N, 71°34'09"W, 1560 m., 14 June 2003, C. Young, J. Rawlins, C. Nunez, R. Davidson, P. Acevedo, M. de la Cruz, open pine forest with grassland, hand collected sample 42142, Carnegie Museum Specimen Number 318, 968 (1 specimen, CMNH).

This species is very similar to some specimens of Calocosmus nigritarsis and Calocosmus robustus with regard to dorsal coloration, size, and proportions. It is distinguished from them by having fulvous tibiae and mostly fulvous tarsi (tibial apex and tarsi, at least, dark reddish-brown to black in Calocosmus nigritarsis and Calocosmus robustus); more distinctly fulvous annulate antennomeres (at least 4–7), and a dense vestiture of ashy pubescence on the pronotum and elytra of fresh specimens (less conspicuous or absent in other species).

This species has some external sexual dimorphism. Females are broader, have more pronounced lateral and dorsal pronotal swelling, and have less pronounced elytral humeri than males.

Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo Province, Puerto Vaca, Sierra Prieta, 18°38'N, 69°57'W, 27 May 2004, R. H. Bastardo (1 specimen, USNM); Dominican Republic, La Altagracía Province, Parque Nacional del Este, Boca de Yuma, 18°21.508'N, 68°36.956'W, 3–20 m, 27 June 2005, M. L. Chamorro (1 specimen, USNM); Dominican Republic, San Cristóbal Province, Las Desanparados, San Cristóbal, August, 1987 (1 specimen, USNM); Dominican Republic, La Vega, 5.1 km. N. Manabao, 5 June 1994, R. Turnbow (1 specimen, RHTC); Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, Constanza, 17 July 1996, R. Turnbow (1 specimen, RHTC); Dominican Republic, La Vega, 2 km. N Jarabacoa, 25 May 1992, R. Turnbow (1 specimen, RHTC).

This species, like Calocosmus janus, Calocosmus punctatus, and Calocosmus semimarginatus, typically has nearly completely black elytra. It is immediately distinguished from Calocosmus janus and Calocosmus punctatus by its slender form, without projecting humeri, and small size, less than 8 mm long (more than 10 mm long and much broader in Calocosmus janus and Calocosmus punctatus). Chevrolat (1862), in his original description, indicates that Calocosmus nigripennis can be recognized by having the pronotum transversely bisulcate, although this feature is less pronounced in the Haiti specimen than in the holotype.

This species, previously known only from Cuba, is now recorded from Haiti (new country and island record). Other specimens examined from Cuba, while similar in most other features, have the elytral base varying from all black to pale orange. Additional material is needed to fully understand the level of variation of this species.

Haiti, Ouest Department, Kenscoff, 1200 m, May 25, 1984, M. Thomas (1 specimen, FSCA).

Like Calocosmus robustus, this is a highly polymorphic species with regard to maculations of the head, pronotum, scutellum, and elytron. It is allied with the group of large, robust species that include Calocosmus robustus and Calocosmus melanurus. It is distinguished from Calocosmus melanurus by having the tibiae partially and tarsi completely piceous (the tibiae are completely and the tarsi are at least partially fulvous in Calocosmus melanurus). The antennae of Calocosmus nigritarsis are nearly completely black with, at most, only the extreme bases of a few antennomeres fulvous (Calocosmus melanurus and Calocosmus robustus have the antennal fulvous annulations more pronounced). In almost all specimens of Calocosmus nigritarsis, the pronotum has a large, anteromedial black macula (at most a small spot in Calocosmus robustus and absent in Calocosmus melanurus.

This species was previously known from only a few specimens. Fieldwork in the Dominican Republic has produced many additional specimens that have better elucidated the level of polymorphism of the elytral and pronotal maculations.

Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, Parque Nacional Armando Bermudez, km 1–3 along trail west of La Ciénega, 900-1100 m, Specimen ID 7609, 24 June 2005, Nearns & Lingafelter (1 specimen, USNM); Dominican Republic, Independencia Prov., Road 47, between Los Pinos and Ángel Félix, 760 meters, 18°36.986'N, 71°46.556'W, 20 June 2005, N. Woodley (1 specimen, USNM); same data, but Nearns & Lingafelter (1 specimen, ENPC); Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, Jarabacoa, La Joya, 537 m, Rancho Baiguate, 10 June 2005, G. Nearns (1 specimen, ENPC); Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, 4.1 km southwest El Convento, 18°50.37'N, 70°42.48'W, 1730 m, 31 May 2003, J. Rawlins, R. Davidson, C. Young, C. Nuñez, P. Acevedo, dense secondary evergreen forest with pine, hand collected, sample 22242, CMNH 329, 960 (1 specimen, CMNH); Dominican Republic, Santiago Province, Parque Nacional Armando Bermudez, La Guacara, 19°07'N, 71°02'W, 1124 m, 10 July 1992, M. A. & R. O. Ivie (1 specimen, WIBF); Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, 5.1 km N. Manabao, 5 June 1994, R. Turnbow (1 specimen, RHTC); Dominican Republic, La Vega Province, Constanza, 17 July 199, R. Turnbow (1 specimen, RHTC).

This small, slender species is most similar to Calocosmus fulvicollis Fisher, a Cuban species, in that it has nearly uniformly dark elytra with a fulvous suture. Fisher (1925) suggested that Calocosmus fulvicollis could be a synonym of Calocosmus semimarginatus, however, the head is dark in Calocosmus fulvicollis but light in Calocosmus semimarginatus and the antennae are all black in Calocosmus fulvicollis but at least antennomeres 4-5 are fulvous annulate at the base in Calocosmus semimarginatus. Among the Hispaniolan species, Calocosmus semimarginatus is most similar to Calocosmus nigripennis, but is easily distinguished by having the elytral suture pale colored and the pronotum not transversely bisulcate.

The first male specimen of this species was found in the FSCA collection. This species, formerly known only from Cuba, is here recorded for the Dominican Republic and Hispaniola (new country and island records).

Dominican Republic, Pedernales Province, S. end of Lago de Oviedo, 26 May 1986, R. B. Miller, and L. Stange (1 specimen, FSCA).

Although similar in size and proportions to the larger Calocosmus species, such as Calocosmus robustus and Calocosmus nigritarsis, it is easily distinguished from all other species and genera of Hispaniolan Hemilophini by having antennomeres 3 and 4 swollen (Martins and Galileo 1999).

Known only as a fossil in Dominican amber that is at least 14 million years old, this species is extinct (Martins and Galileo 1999).