Small to medium Oscinellinae with head as wide as or slightly wider than scutum in dorsal view, occiput posteriorly convex in dorsal view, eye usually hairy, gena thin always parallel with ventral portion of eye, scutum elongate, with three parallel lines of shallow incised punctures, wing long and slender, broadest in distal half, with reduced alula and anal angle, legs long and slender, abdomen long and narrow, male genitalia with sternite 6 present, in some species epandrium enlarged and cercus elongate.

(Figs 1–4): Chloropidae, Oscinellinae. Head. Frontal triangle glossy or microtomentose, occiput convex; frons with many interfrontal setulae; cephalic setae short, 6–12 reclinate fronto-orbitals with most dorsal seta proclinate; ocellars and postocellars erect, convergent, vertical setae stronger than other cephalic setae, inner vertical setae as long as outer vertical setae, in line with posterior ocelli; ocelli in most species large; eye large, oval, usually densely haired; postgena clearly visible; gena linear, densely pruinose, very pale except for brown ventral margin; vibrissal angle not projecting, vibrissa present but small; face flat, narrow, pruinose, very pale, facial carina short and small; antenna with scape and pedicel short, first flagellomere large, subquadrate; arista sparsely pubescent, aristal setulae usually longer than width of arista at base; proboscis variable from small to geniculate, but never long, palpus short. Scutum. Pronotum elongate and visible in dorsal view, sulcus between postpronotum and scutum deep and well defined; scutum usually glossy, rarely pruinose, with three parallel lines of finely incised punctures (treated as grooves by Ismay (1993)), less distinct in some species, with one anterior and either one (Enderleiniella flavida) or two posterior notopleural setae, one longer outer postalar bristle and one weak inner postalar setae, one postsutural dorsocentral bristle, all dark; postpronotal seta and other scutal setae weak; scutal setulae short, weak, evenly arranged in three distinct rows; in certain species scattered setulae present between and outside the three distinct rows; scutellum flattened, trapezoidal or rectangular dorsally, with two small marginal projections, bearing one strong bristle, lateral marginal scutellar setae present; Thoracic pleurites bare. Wing. Hyaline (a darkened spot in Enderleiniella maculata), long and slender, broadest in distal half, alula and anal angle reduced, cell c normal, second costal sector longer than third; cell r₁ normal and long, R₂₊₃ and R₄₊₅ divergent at base, cell br narrow, crossvein r-m near middle of cell dm, crossvein dm-cu fused with M4 in a right angle. Legs. Slender without outstanding setae or spurs; femoral organ present as a row or small patch of three or four sensillae, tibial organ long oval, velvety, with single longitudinal row of setulae along midline. Abdomen. Narrow, cylindrical; syntergites 1+2 elongate; tergites broad; sternites small and narrow; spiracles 3–5 in abdominal membrane ventral to lateral margins of tergites;

Figures 1–4. 

1 Enderleiniella longiventris, head lateral view. 2 Enderleiniella longiventris, scutum and scutellum 3 Enderleiniella flavida, scutum and scutellum 4 Enderleiniella maculata, wing. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Sternite 6 present; dorsal pregenital sclerite symmetrical, left and right spiracles 6 and 7 within sclerite close to lateral margin; epandrium variable from small and simple to enlarged and inflated. Surstylus simple, straight, elongate; hypandrium open posteriorly; pregonite and postgonite simple, round and elongate; cercus variable from simple and elongate to multiple lobed; subepandrial sclerite usually small.

Terminalia unmodified, typical of Oscinellinae.

The type species, Enderleiniella longiventris, is atypical in having a densely pruinose scutum and a long, rectangular scutellum.

Medium Oscinellinae with a shiny frontal triangle and thorax. Hairs on scutum placed in well-defined rows between punctate dorsocentral rows (grooves). Scutellum small and trapezoidal with small tubercles. Male postabdomen large and bulbous.

Total length 2.3–2.7 mm. Overall colour black. Head. Frontal triangle black, shiny, microtomentose, 0.6–0.7 times length of frons; ocellar tubercle black, shiny, microtomentose; frons brown to black, paler medially; cephalic setae dark, 10–12 fronto-orbital setae well-developed, interfrontal setulae inside margin of frontal triangle and fronto-orbital setulae sparse, eight or nine post-ocellar setulae small; gena yellow, microtomentose, 0.06–0.08 times eye height; face yellow; scape and pedicel yellow, first flagellomere yellow basally and ventrally, black dorsally and distally, first flagellomere round, arista brown, thin at base, pubescence sparse and short; palpus yellow in male, brown in female, proboscis and clypeus brown. Scutum. Black, shiny, acrostichal and dorsocentral setae in three punctuate rows, scutum longer than wide; scutellum black, slightly paler than thorax, trapezoidal, 1.4–1.5 times wider than long, microtomentose; apical scutellar setae strong, on small tubercles on dorsal margin of scutellum, lateral scutellar setae much weaker than apical setae but longer and darker than surrounding setae. Legs. Yellow, hind femur basally and tibia brown; femoral organ present as a very small patch of three sensillae, tibial organ oval, dark, occupying middle half of hind tibia. Wing hyaline, brown tint dorsally from M1; veins brown; ratio of costal sectors C1: C2: C3: C4 – 1 1.7: 1.25: 0.5; haltere yellow. Abdomen. Paler than thorax, sparsely microtomentose; syntergites 1+2 membranous under scutellum, marginally longer than other tergites. Male postabdomen (Figs 7, 8). Epandrium large, bulbous, higher than long in lateral view, much wider than high in posterior view, flattened dorsally, with several setae; surstylus 0.6 times as high as epandrium, triangular with a slight anterior curve along length, with broadly rounded apex, surstylus with three or four anterior setae near base and short setae elsewhere; cercus elongate, straight with a narrow ventral projection, extending postero-ventrally, with sparse setae, three setae at tip of cercus longer than others; distiphallus weakly sclerotised.

Figures 5–9. 

Enderleiniella caerulea. 5 Lateral habitus 6 dorsal habitus 7 male genitalia (lateral) 8 male genitalia (posterior) 9 geographic distribution. Abbreviations: cer – cercus; epd – epandrium; hyp – hypandrium; phal – phallus; phap – phallapodeme; pog – postgonite.

Holotype ♂: BELIZE: Toledo District, Blue Creek (16°12'N, 89°3'W), 23.i.1982, A.T. Finamore, sweeping (LEM). Paratypes: same as holotype except 17.i.1982 (1♀, LEM); ECUADOR: Guare Los Rios, vii.1955, Levi-Castillo (1♂, USNM; USNMENT01476001); Manabi Camarones 9.viii.1955, Levi-Castillo (1♂, USNM; USNMENT01476000).

The species name is from the Latin caeruleus (sky-blue), referring to the type locality.

Medium Oscinellinae with a shiny frontal triangle and thorax. Mouthparts geniculate. Scutellum with distinct tubercles. Male postabdomen large with parallel sided surstylus.

Total length 2.2–2.5 mm. Overall colour black. Head. Frontal triangle black, shiny, microtomentose, 0.6–0.65 times length of frons; ocellar tubercle black, shiny, microtomentose; frons brown to black, paler antero-medially; cephalic setae dark, 11–17 fronto-orbital setae well-developed, interfrontal setulae on margin of frontal triangle and fronto-orbital setulae conspicuous, six or seven post-ocellar setulae small; gena yellow, microtomentose, 0.08–0.1 times eye height; face yellow; scape and pedicel yellow, first flagellomere yellow basally and ventrally, darker dorsally and distally, first flagellomere round, arista brown, thin at base, pubescence sparse and short; palpus and clypeus yellow in males; proboscis brown, geniculate. Scutum. Black, shiny, acrostichal and dorsocentral setae in three punctuate rows, scutum longer than wide; scutellum black, trapezoidal, 1.3–1.5 times wider than long, microtomentose; apical scutellar setae strong, on small tubercles on upper margin of scutellum, lateral scutellar setae much weaker than apical setae but longer and darker than surrounding setae. Legs. Yellow, hind femur and tibia brown; femoral organ present as row of three or four sensillae, tibial organ oval, dark, occupying middle third of hind tibia. Wing. Hyaline; veins brown; ratio of costal sectors C1: C2: C3: C4 – 1: 1.7: 1.1: 0.6; haltere yellow. Abdomen. Paler than thorax, sparsely microtomentose; syntergites 1+2 membranous under scutellum, marginally longer than other tergites. Male postabdomen (Figs 12, 13). Epandrium large, bulbous, higher than long in lateral view, wider than high in posterior view, with several setae, rounded dorsally; surstylus 0.6 times as high as epandrium, straight, spoon shaped, surstylus with five anterior setae near base and short setae elsewhere; cercus straight with a narrow ventral projection, extending ventrally, cercus with sparse setae, five setae longer than others; distiphallus weakly sclerotised, straight, projecting posteriorly.

Figures 10–14. 

Enderleiniella cryptica. 10 Lateral habitus 11 dorsal habitus 12 male genitalia (lateral) 13 male genitalia (posterior) 14 geographic distribution.

Accession numbers MK919190, MK919192, and MK919196.

Holotype ♂: COSTA RICA: Prov Cartago, Cartago, P.N. Barbilla, Camino a Valle Escondido, Rio Dantas, 400–500m, 17.ix.2001, E. Rojas, F. Umaña, Libre, L_N_218000_594300 #64657 (INBio). Paratypes: same as holotype (1♂, 1♀, INBio); Higuito, San Mateo, Pablo Schild Coll (1♂, USNM; USNMENT01476002); Prov Alajuela, C.B. Guanacaste-Rincón de la Vieja, Estac. San Gerardo, Send al Perdido, 600m, 16–18.x.2002. D. Briceño, Red. L.N. 317994 384374 #68995 (1♀, INBio); Prov Cartago, P.N. Barbilla, Send. Principal antes de Río Dantas, 200–300m 16.ix.2000 E Rojas, Red de Barrido, L.N. 217400 596700 #58440 (4♂, 2♀, INBio); Prov Cartago, P.N. Barbilla, Send. Principal Río Dantas, 370m, 8.xii.2002, E. Rojas, Red de Golpe, L.N.217250 596250 #70369 (2♂, INBio); Prov Cartago, R.F. Río Pacuara, Turrialba, P.N. Barbilla, Send. Quebrada, 400m 11.x.2001, E. Rojas, Red de Golpe, L.N. 217500 596893 #63565 (1♀, INBio); Prov. Cartago, R.F. Río Pacuare, P.N. Barbilla, Send. Principal a Río Dantas, 370m 22.ix.2001, E. Rojas. W. Arana, R. Madigal, Golpe, L.N. 217500 596893 #64659 (1♀, INBio); Prov Guanacaste, Nandayure, Cerro Azul 1018m, 5.ii.2003, Y. Cardenas. Red de Golpe, L.N. 214769 397000 #7288 (1♀ INBio); Prov. Límon, P.N. Barbilla, Camino a Valle Escondido, Orilla Río Dantas, 400m, 11.x.2001, E. Rojas, Red de Golpe, L.N. 218800 594300 #64954 (1♂, 2♀, INBio); Prov Límon, P.N. Cahuita, Sector Puerto Vargas, Orilla de la playa, Om, 16–17.i.2003, E Rojas, Red de Golpe, L.N.190500 666200 #72723 (1♂, INBio); Prov Límon, P.N. Cahuita, Sector Puerto Vargas, Orilla de la playa, Om, 15.i.2003 E Rojas, Red de Golpe, L.N.190500 666200 #72722 (1♀, INBio); Prov Límon, PN. Barbilla, Sector Casa Negra, 1.5km NO dela Estación, 300m, 13.xii.2002, E. Rojas, Libre, L.N. 219900 598400 #70494 (1♀, INBio); Prov. Punta, Albergue Cerro de Oro, 200m, 4–14.v.1995, E. Alfaro, L.S. 280450 517500 #5919 (11♂, 8♀, INBio); Prov. Punta, Albergue Cerro de Oro, 200m, 5–12.v.1995, M.A. Zumbado, L.S. 279660 518450 #6028 (1♀, INBio); Prov. Punta, Albergue Cerro de Oro, 200m, 5–9.v.1995, B. Gamboa, L.N. 279650 518450 #4745 (1♂, INBio); Prov. Puntarenas, Golfito. P.N. Corcovado, Salida de la Estac. a Río Rincón, 75m 16.x.2002. K. Caballero. Libre, L.S.281050 516800 #71799 (1♀, INBio); Prov Puntarenas, Est. Agujas, Río Agujas,300m, 19–24.iii.1997. A. Azofeifa, L.S. 276750 526550 #46258 (1♀, INBio); Prov. Puntarenas, Est, Río Bonito, 2.3km al O. del Cerro al Gamba, 110m, 17–21.iii.1997. E. Fletes, L.S. 293900 547075 #45597 (1♂, INBio) Prov. Puntarenas R.F. Golfo Dulce, 24km W Piedras Biancas, 200m, xii.1990. P. Hanson (1♂, LEM); Prov Puntarenas, R. Priv. Karen Mogensen. Send. Quebrada Pérez, 315m, 24.ix.2003. W. Porras, Red de Golpe, L.N. 205300 419750 #75433 (9 ♂, 3♀, INBio); Prov Puntarenas, Lepanto, R. Priv. Karen Mogensen. Send. Quebrada Pérez, 315m, 22–23.xi.2003. D. Briceño, Libre, L.N. 205300_419750#74568 (3♂, 2♀, INBio); Prov Puntarenas, Sendero Tres Ríos, 300m, 9.xii.2003. M.A. Zimbado. W. Porras Vega Libre, L.N. 205164 419993 #74577 (7♂, 3♀, INBio); Prov Puntarenas, R. Priv. Karen Mogensen. Send. El Viejo Nisper, 300–500m, 23.xi.2003. Y. Cardenas, Red con Aguamiel, 205600 420300 #74531 (1♀, INBio); ECUADOR: Rio Mulaute, 15km N.E. Sto. Domingo de Colorados, 2.iii.1973, M. & N. Deyrup (1♂, USNM; USNMENT01476003).

The species name is from the Latin crypticus (hidden), referring to the external similarity of this species to E. tripunctata.

Medium Oscinellinae with a shiny frontal triangle and thorax. occiput with single strong bristle behind eye; one anterior and one posterior notopleural bristle Scutellum pale yellow, contrasting in colour with the dark scutum.

Total length 2.2–2.5 mm. Overall colour black. Head. Frontal triangle black, shiny, 0.6–0.75 times length of frons; ocellar tubercle black, shiny; frons brown to black, paler antero-medially; cephalic setae pale, 7–10 fronto-orbital setae well-developed, interfrontal setulae on margin of frontal triangle and fronto-orbital setulae sparse and small, 4–6 post-ocellar setulae small; gena yellow, microtomentose, 0.08–0.1 times eye height; eye bare; occiput with a strong and stout seta projecting from a short tubercle just dorsal to posterior midpoint of eye; face yellow; scape, pedicel and first flagellomere yellow, first flagellomere round, arista brown, thin at base, pubescence sparse and short; palpus, clypeus and proboscis yellow; proboscis geniculate. Scutum. Black, shiny, acrostichal and dorsocentral setae in three punctuate rows, notopleural bristle one anterior and one posterior relatively thick and long; outer postalar setae very short, gold, cryptic and fine; dorsocentral setae weak, scutum as long as wide; scutellum yellow, trapezoidal, 1.4–1.6 times wider than long, microtomentose; apical scutellar setae strong, on small tubercles on upper margin of scutellum, lateral scutellar setae as strong as apical setae (Fig. 3). Legs. Yellow; femoral organ small row of two or three tubercles, tibial organ oval, pale, occupying middle third of hind tibia. Wing. Hyaline; veins brown; ratio of costal sectors C1: C2: C3: C4 – 1: 2.1: 1.4: 0.6; haltere yellow. Abdomen. paler than thorax, sparsely microtomentose; syntergites 1+2 membranous under scutellum, marginally longer than other tergites. Male postabdomen (Figs 17, 18). Epandrium small, higher than long in lateral view, wider than high in posterior view, with several setae; surstylus 0.7 times as high as epandrium, with a slight curve at the base, parallel-sided, apex rounded, surstylus with short setae; cercus broad with three narrow ventral projection, extending ventrally laterally, cercus separated by very narrow anal membrane posteriorly, cercus with sparse setae, one setae longer than others; distiphallus weakly sclerotised.

Figures 15–19. 

Enderleiniella flavida. 15 Lateral habitus 16 dorsal habitus 17 male genitalia (lateral) 18 male genitalia (posterior) 19 geographic distribution.

Holotype ♂: DOMINICA: S. Chiltern Est, 20.ii.1965, W.W. Wirth (USNM; USNMENT01476004). Paratypes: same data as holotype (2♂, 4♀, USNM; USNMENT1476005-USNMENT01476009); DOMINICA: W.I. 2mi E. Ponte Casse, 5.x.1966, R.J. Gagne. Bredin-Archibol-SmithsonianBio.Surv.Dominica (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476010); DOMINICA: W.I. d’LeauGommier, 16.iii.1965, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM; USNMENT01476011) DOMINICA: St. David: Emerald Pool, rainforest, 20.xi.1994, L. Masner (2♀, LEM).

The species name is from the Latin flavida (yellow), referring to the colour of the scutellum.

It is the first time that a strong and stout seta projecting from a short tubercle just dorsal to posterior midpoint of eye on occiput has been described in the Chloropidae. It could be that this seta has the same evolutionary origin as those found on many other Chloropidae species that possess a long (but not stout) seta on the postgena.

Total length 2.5–3.0 mm. Overall colour black. Head Frontal triangle black, shiny, microtomentose, 0.55–0.6 times length of frons; ocellar tubercle black, shiny, microtomentose; frons brown to black, paler antero-medially; cephalic setae dark, 12–15 fronto-orbital setae well-developed, interfrontal setulae on margin of frontal triangle and, seven or eight post-ocellar setulae small, posterior setulae proclinate; gena yellow, microtomentose, 0.08–0.09 times eye height; face yellow; scape and pedicel yellow, first flagellomere yellow apico-dorsally darker, first flagellomere round, arista brown, thin at base, pubescence sparse and short; palpus yellow clypeus and proboscis brown, proboscis geniculate and thin (Fig. 1). Scutum. Black, pruinose, acrostichal, and dorsocentral setae in three punctuate rows, scutum longer than wide; outer postalar bristle very robust and long, scutellum black, trapezoidal, 1.2 times wider than long, microtomentose, rugose; apical scutellar setae strong, on tubercles on upper margin of scutellum, lateral scutellar setae much weaker than apical setae, on tubercles, longer than surrounding setae (Fig. 2). Legs. Yellow, hind femur and hind tibia brown; femoral organ arranged in one line of three strong sensillae, tibial organ oval, pale, occupying middle third of hind tibia. Wing. Hyaline; veins brown; ratio of costal sectors C1: C2: C3: C4 – 1: 1.3: 1: 0.4; haltere yellow. Abdomen. As dark as thorax, sparsely microtomentose; syntergites 1+2 membranous under scutellum, slightly longer than other tergites. Male postabdomen (Figs 23–27). Remnant of sternite 6 present; Epandrium large, bulbous, higher than long in lateral view, wider than high in posterior view, with several setae; surstylus half the height of epandrium, straight, parallel-sided, blunt-ended, surstylus with one or two anterior setae near base and short setae elsewhere; cercus elongate, straight with a narrow ventral projection, extending ventrally, cercus with sparse setae, one or two setae longer than others; distiphallus weakly sclerotised, straight, blunt ended.

Figures 20–22. 

Enderleiniella longiventris. 20 Lateral habitus 21 dorsal habitus 22 geographic distribution.

Figures 23–27. 

Enderleiniella longiventris. 23 Male abdomen (lateral) 24 male genitalia (lateral) 25 male genitalia (posterior) 26 male genitalia (ventral) 27 male genitalia (posteroventral). Abbreviations: cer – cercus; hyp – hypandrium; phal – phallus; phap – phallapodeme; pog – postgonite; S₆ – remnant sternite 6; T₇₊₈ – tergite 7+8.

Accession number MK919191.

Holotype ♂: COSTA RICA, H. Schmidt (Warsaw).

COSTA RICA: Cartago: Rio Grande de Orosi nr Tapanti Natl. Pk. 1100–1150m, floodplain and forest, 9.x.1999, S. Marshall & M. Buck. (1♂, DEBU; DEBU00103967). MEXICO: Chiapas: 7 km N Cacahoatan, 22.iv.1983, W.N. Mathis (2♂, USNM; USNMENT01476013-USNMENT01476014, USNMENT01476026); Chiapas: Finca Prusia, 33 km S Jaltenango, 1000m, 10–12.v.1985, W.N. Mathis (3♂, 1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476015-USNMENT01476018); Chiapas: 9 km S Union Juaréz, 23.iv,1983, W.N. Mathis (1♂, USNM; USNMENT01476019); Chiapas, 20–25 mi. N Huixtla 3000’, 4.vi.1969, B.V. Peterson (6♂, 1♀, CNC); Colima: 7mi NE Colima, 3.xii.1948 (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476020); Tamaulipas: Liera, 10–6-1956, reared ex Colocasia sp. probably antiquorom (1♂, 2♀, USNM; USNMENT01476021-USNMENT01476023); San Luis Potosi: Naranjo, xii.1960, A. Fabergé, reared ex aroid flower (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476024); Veracruz: Fortin de las Flores, 952m, 02.v.1985, W.N. Mathis (1♂, USNM; USNMENT01476025).

Although the holotype was collected in Costa Rica, most examined specimens of E. longiventris for this study are from Mexico. This is one of two species of Enderleiniella (the other is E. maculata) whose known range extends into the Nearctic Region, with specimens recorded in the Mexican states of San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas.

Medium Oscinellinae with a pruinose frontal triangle and thorax. Wing with a dark apical spot. Male postabdomen small, not excessively higher than pre-epandrium.

Total length 2.4–2.9 mm. Overall colour black. Head. Frontal triangle black, pruinose, 0.5 times length of frons; ocellar tubercle black, microtomentose; frons yellow, heavily microtomentose; cephalic setae pale, eleven fronto-orbital setae weak-developed, interfrontal setulae on margin of frontal triangle, eight post-ocellar setulae small, posterior ocellar setae proclinate; gena white anteriorly, black posteriorly, microtomentose, 0.08 times eye height; eye hairy; face yellow; scape, pedicel brown, first flagellomere brown, yellow basoventrally, arista black, thin at base, pubescence sparse and short; palpus yellow in male, brown in female, proboscis and clypeus brown.

Scutum. Black, pollinose, acrostichal, and dorsocentral lines pruinosity with setae in 3 faint punctuate rows, notopleural bristle one anterior and two posterior relatively thick; outer postalar setae strong, black; dorsocentral setae strong, scutum 1.2 times longer than wide; scutellum brown, trapezoidal,1.35–1.50 times wider than long, microtomentose, rugose; apical scutellar setae strong, on small tubercles on upper margin of scutellum, lateral scutellar setae small, barely longer than other dorsal setae. Legs. Yellow, mid femur, hind femur and hind tibia black; femoral organ small patch on baso-anterior part of mid femur, tibial organ linear, pale, occupying middle quarter of hind tibia. Wing. Hyaline with distinct apical brown spot (Fig. 4); veins brown; ratio of costal sectors C1: C2: C3: C4 – 1: 1.7: 1.1: 0.6; haltere white. Abdomen. Paler than thorax, sparsely microtomentose; Abdominal syntergites 1+2 slightly longer than other tergites. Male postabdomen (Figs 31–34). Epandrium small, higher than long in lateral view, wider than high in posterior view, with many setae; surstylus 0.7 height of epandrium, straight, parallel-sided; cercus narrow with long ventral projection, cercus with sparse setae; Distiphallus weakly sclerotised.

Figures 28–30. 

Enderleiniella maculata. 28 Lateral habitus 29 dorsal habitus 30 geographic distribution.

Figures 31–34. 

Enderleiniella maculata. 31 Male genitalia (lateral) 32 male genitalia (posterior) 33 male genitalia (ventral) 34 male genitalia (posteroventral).

Holotype ♂: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi: Xilitla, 1800’, 24.vii.1954, J.G. Chillcott (CNC); Paratypes: same data as holotype (5♂, 7♀, CNC); Guerrero, Taxco, 8mi NE, 5154’, 8.viii.1954, J.G. Chillcott (1♀, CNC).

The species name is from the Latin maculatus (spotted), referring to the wing pattern.

Small Oscinellinae with a shiny frontal triangle and sparsely pruinose thorax. Scutellum trapezoidal. Male postabdomen small with parallel sided surstylus.

Total length 2.0–2.5 mm. Overall colour black. Head. Frontal triangle black, shiny, microtomentose, 0.7–0.8 times length of frons; ocellar tubercle black, shiny, microtomentose; frons black, paler antero-medially; cephalic setae dark, 6–8 fronto-orbital setae weak-developed, interfrontal setulae on margin of frontal triangle and fronto-orbital setulae sparse and small, five or six post-ocellar setulae small; gena white, margin of gena black, microtomentose, 0.08–0.1 times eye height; eye hairy; face yellow; scape yellow, pedicel yellow to brown, first flagellomere black, reniform, arista yellow distally darkening brown, thin at base, pubescence sparse and short; palpus, clypeus and proboscis brown to black in females, palpus yellow, clypeus and proboscis brown to black in male; proboscis regular. Scutum. Black, pruinose, acrostichal and dorsocentral setae in three punctuate rows, notopleural bristle one anterior and one posterior relatively thick and long; outer postalar setae strong, black; dorsocentral setae strong, scutum as long as wide or marginally longer than wide; scutellum black, trapezoidal, 1.4–1.5 times wider than long, microtomentose, rugose; apical scutellar setae strong, on small tubercles on upper margin of scutellum, lateral scutellar setae as small, marginally larger than other dorsal setae. Legs. Yellow, fore-tarsi, mid and hind femur and tibia dark distally; femoral organ present as a row of three sensillae, tibial organ linear, brown, paler than leg, occupying middle quarter of hind tibia. Wing. Hyaline; veins brown; ratio of costal sectors C1: C2: C3: C4 – 1: 1.6: 1.2: 0.6; haltere, white. Abdomen. paler than thorax, sparsely microtomentose; syntergites 1+2 membranous under scutellum, marginally longer than other tergites. Male postabdomen (Figs 38–40). Epandrium small, higher than long in lateral view, wider than high in posterior view, with many setae; surstylus 0.7 height of epandrium, with slight curve basally, parallel-sided, with short setae elsewhere; cercus small, extending ventrally, with sparse setae, one seta longer than others; hypandrium open; distiphallus weakly sclerotised.

Figures 35–37. 

Enderleiniella marshalli. 35 Lateral habitus 36 dorsal habitus 37 geographic distribution.

Figures 38–41. 

Enderleiniella marshalli. 38 Male genitalia (lateral) 39 male genitalia (posterior) 40 male genitalia (ventral) 41 male genitalia (posteroventral).

Holotype ♂: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: Cacao Field Stn., carrion traps, 700m, 13–15.ii.1996, S. A. Marshall (DEBU). Paratypes: same data as holotype (4♀, DEBU); Guanacaste: Estacion Santa Rosa, 300m,16.ii.1996, S. Marshall, Borde del Rio, L_N_313000_359800 #6920, INBIO CRI002239665 (1♀, INBio). ♂: COSTA RICA: Prov Guanacaste, Cañas, Palmira, Sector Rio Corobici. 224m, 10–15.x.2002, J.D. Gutiérrez, Libre, L_N_281200_416500 #71957 (INBio). Paratypes: Prov Guanacaste, Bagaces, Fortuna, Z.P. Miravalles, Send. Cabro Muco, 980m, 1–15.viii.2002. J.D. Gutiérrez, Red de Golpe L_N_299151_410000 #64536 (1♂, INBio); same data as except 12.iv.2002, L_N_299151_410000 #67730 (1♀, INBio); Prov Cartago, Cartago, P.N. Barbilla, Camino a Valle Escondido, Rio Dantes, 400–500m, 17.ix.2001, F. Rojas, f. Umaña, Libre, L_N_281200_594300 #64657 (1♀, INBio).

This species is named in honour of Steve Marshall, collector of the type series, in recognition of his contributions to our knowledge of Central American acalyptrate Diptera.

Small Oscinellinae with a shiny frontal triangle and thorax. Scutellum rectangular with distinct apical scutellar bristles. Male postabdomen large with parallel sided surstylus with broadly rounded apex.

Total length 2.4–2.6 mm. Overall colour black. Head. Frontal triangle black, shiny, microtomentose, 0.7 times length of frons; ocellar tubercle black, shiny, microtomentose; frons brown to black; cephalic setae dark, eight or nine fronto-orbital setae well-developed, interfrontal setulae on margin of frontal triangle and fronto-orbital setulae sparse, five orbital setulae small, posterior orbital setae proclinate, proclinate bristle on vertex between postocellar and inner vertical; gena yellow, microtomentose, 0.09–0.1 times eye height; face yellow; scape and pedicel yellow, first flagellomere yellow, black dorsally and distally, first flagellomere round, arista brown, thin at base, pubescence sparse and short; palpus yellow, proboscis and clypeus brown, proboscis geniculate. Scutum. Black, pruinose, acrostichal and dorsocentral setae in three punctuate rows, scutum longer than wide; scutellum black, rectangular, 1–1.1 times wider than long, microtomentose, rugose; apical scutellar setae strong, on tubercles 0.2 times as long as length of scutellum, on upper margin of scutellum, lateral scutellar setae much weaker than apical setae but longer and darker than surrounding setae, on small tubercles. Legs. Yellow, mid and hind femurs basally and tibia brown; femoral organ present as a small patch of three sensillae, tibial organ linear, dark, occupying middle third of hind tibia. Wing. Hyaline; veins brown; ratio of costal sectors C1: C2: C3: C4 – 1: 1.5: 1: 0.5; haltere yellow. Abdomen. Same colour as abdomen, sparsely microtomentose; syntergites 1+2 membranous under scutellum, marginally as long as tergites 3 and 4 together. Male postabdomen (Figs 44, 45). Epandrium large, bulbous, higher than long in lateral view, wider than high in posterior view, with several setae; surstylus 0.6 times height of epandrium, parallel-sided straight with broadly rounded apex, surstylus with short setae; cercus elongate, straight with a narrow ventral projection, extending postero-ventrally cercus with sparse setae, one seta longer than others; distiphallus weakly sclerotised.

Figures 42–46. 

Enderleiniella maya. 42 Lateral habitus 43 dorsal habitus 44 male genitalia (lateral) 45 male genitalia (posterior) 46 geographic distribution.

Holotype ♂: GUATEMALA: Departamento Izabal: Las Escobas, 15.vii.1986, L. Lesage (CNC). Paratypes: Same as holotype (1♂), MEXICO: Chiapas, Rio Izapa, 21.iv.1983, W.N. Mathis (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476012).

The species name, to be treated as a noun in apposition, refers to the Maya people whose culture has been dominant in this region for more than 1000 years.

Small Oscinellinae with a shiny frontal triangle and thorax. Scutellum trapezoidal with very small apical tubercles bristles. Tergite 3 with medial setulae arising from large distinct punctate sockets. Male postabdomen small with parallel sided surstylus.

Total length 2.1 mm. Overall colour black. Head. Frontal triangle black, pollinose, shiny posteriorly, 0.6 times length of frons; ocellar tubercle black, microtomentose; occiput black, shiny; frons brown, yellow antero-medially, heavily microtomentose; cephalic setae dark, eight fronto-orbital setae weak-developed, interfrontal setulae on margin of frontal triangle, six post-ocellar setulae small; gena white, margin of gena black, microtomentose, 0.1 times eye height; eye hairy; face yellow; scape pedicel yellow, first flagellomere yellow, black anterodorsally, large, quadrate, arista yellow basally darkening distally, thin at base, pubescence sparse and short; palpus and clypeus yellow, proboscis brown, geniculate. Scutum. Black, shiny, acrostichal and dorsocentral setae in 3 faint punctuate rows, notopleural bristle one anterior and two posterior relatively thick; outer postalar setae strong, black; dorsocentral setae strong, scutum 1.1 times longer than wide; scutellum black, trapezoidal, 1.7 times wider than long, microtomentose, smooth; apical scutellar setae strong, on small tubercles on upper margin of scutellum, lateral scutellar setae as large, twice as long as other dorsal setae. Legs. Yellow, all tarsi, mid and hind femur and tibia dark distally; femoral organ present as a small patch of three sensillae, tibial organ linear, brown, paler than leg, occupying middle quarter of hind tibia. Wing. Hyaline; veins brown; ratio of costal sectors C1: C2: C3: C4 – 1: 1.2: 1.4: 0.6; haltere white. Abdomen. Paler than thorax, sparsely microtomentose; Abdominal syntergites 1+2 elongate, tergite 3 with medial setulae arising from large distinct punctate sockets (Fig. 49). Male postabdomen (Figs 49–51). Epandrium small, higher than long in lateral view, wider than high in posterior view, with many setae; surstylus 0.7 height of epandrium, straight, parallel-sided, surstylus with one anterior setae near base and short setae elsewhere; cercus elongate with narrow, long ventral projection, cercus with sparse setae, one seta longer than others; hypandrium open; distiphallus weakly sclerotised, straight, blunt ended.

Figures 47–52. 

Enderleiniella punctata. 47 Lateral habitus 48 dorsal habitus 49 male abdomen (dorsal) 50 male genitalia (lateral) 51 male genitalia (posterior) 52 geographic distribution. Abbreviations: Epd – epandrium; T₁₊₂ – tergites 1+2.

Holotype ♂: BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Andres lbanez, Potrerillo (17°40'S, 63°27'W), 438m, yellow pan trap B-17, 13–16.v.1997, L. Masner (CNC).

The species name is from the Latin punctatus (punctured), referring to the structure of the third abdominal tergite.

Total length 1.9–2.6 mm. Overall colour black. Head. Frontal triangle black, shiny, microtomentose, 0.6–0.7 times length of frons; ocellar tubercle black, shiny, microtomentose; frons brown to black, paler medially; cephalic setae dark, eight or nine fronto-orbital setae well-developed, interfrontal setulae on margin of frontal triangle and fronto-orbital setulae sparse, 5–7 orbital setulae small, posterior setae proclinate; gena yellow, microtomentose, 0.09–0.1 times eye height; face yellow; scape and pedicel yellow, first flagellomere yellow basally and ventrally, black dorsally and distally, first flagellomere quadrate, arista brown, thin at base, pubescence sparse and short; palpus yellow in male, brown in female, proboscis and clypeus brown. Scutum. Black, shiny, acrostichal and dorsocentral setae in three punctuate rows, scutum longer than wide; scutellum black, trapezoidal, 1.2–1.3 times wider than long, microtomentose; apical scutellar setae strong, on small tubercles on upper margin of scutellum, lateral scutellar setae much weaker than apical setae but longer and darker than surrounding setae. Legs. Yellow, mid and hind femora basally and tibia brown; femoral organ present as a small patch of four sensillae, tibial organ linear, dark, occupying middle quarter of hind tibia. Wing. Hyaline, brown tint dorsally from M1+2; veins brown; ratio of costal sectors C1: C2: C3: C4 – 1: 1.9: 1.4: 0.5; haltere yellow. Abdomen. Slightly paler than abdomen, sparsely microtomentose; syntergites 1+2 membranous under scutellum, marginally longer than other tergites. Male postabdomen (Figs 55, 56). Epandrium large, bulbous, higher than long in lateral view, wider than high in posterior view, with several setae; surstylus half the height of epandrium, clavate with a slight anterior curve along length, with broadly rounded apex, surstylus with three or four anterior setae near base and short setae elsewhere; cercus elongate, straight with a narrow ventral projection, extending postero-ventrally cercus with sparse setae, three or four setae longer than others; distiphallus weakly sclerotised, straight, blunt ended.

Figures 53–57. 

Enderleiniella tripunctata. 53 Lateral habitus 54 dorsal habitus 55 male genitalia (lateral) 56 male genitalia (posterior) 57 geographic distribution.

Accession number MK919194

Holotype ♂: COSTA RICA: [Provincia de San José, about 9°56'N, 84°32'W, 200m asl], Higuito: San Mateo, 1914, P. Schild (Budapest).

BELIZE: BARC, near San Pedro Colombia (16°17'N, 88°58'W), Malaise trap and yellow pans, 10–12.iii.2002, J. Skevington (1♂, LEM); Stan Creek District: Silk Grass Creek (16°54'N, 88°26'W), 3.iv.1993, W.N. Mathis (1♂, USNM; USNMENT01476027); Toledo District: Blue Creek (16°12'N, 89°3'W), sweeping, 17.i.1982, A.T. Finnamore (1♀, LEM); COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: 24 km W Piedras Blancas (8°47'N, 83°15'W), 200m, Malaise trap, xi.1990, P. Hanson (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476028); Puntarenas: 3 km SW Rincon (9°55'N, 84°13'W), 10m, Malaise trap, x–xii.1990, P. Hanson (1♂, USNM; USNMENT01476029); Higuito: San Mateo, P. Schild (1♂, 2♀, USNM; USNMENT01476030-USNMENT01476032); Heredia: 3 km S Puerto Viejo OTS-La Selva, 100m, Malaise traps, xi.1992, P. Hanson (1♀, LEM); ECUADOR: Manabi, La Palma, viii.1955, Levi-Castillo (1♀, USNM); Manabi, Camarones, 9.ix.1955, Levi-Castillo (1♂, USNM; USNMENT01476033); Rio Mulaute, 15 km NE Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 2.iii.1973, M. & N. Deyrup (1♂, 3♀, USNM; USNMENT01476034-USNMENT01476036, USNMENT01476041); Domingo de los Colorados, 5.iii.1973, M. & N. Deyrup (1♂, USNM, USNMENT01476066); Napo: Napo-Pastaza, Levi-Castillo (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476037); Balao Guayas, xii.1955, Levi-Castillo (3♀, USNM; USNMENT01476038-USNMENT01476040); Guayas: Naranjal, xii.1955, Levi-Castillo (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476042); Guare: Los Rios,viii.1955. Levi-Castillo (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476043); Guayas: Taura, xii.1955, Levi-Castillo (3♀, USNM; USNMENT01476044-USNMENT01476046); Pichincha Manabi, viii.1955, Levi-Castillo (3♀, USNM; USNMENT01476047-USNMENT01476049); EL SALVADOR: San Salvador, x.1965,N.L.H. Krauss (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476050); GUATEMALA: Departamento Izabal: Las Escobas, 15.vii.1986, L. LeSage (1♂, CNC); MEXICO: Chiapas: 7 km N Cacahoatan, 22.iv.1983, W.N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476051-USNMENT01476052); Chiapas: Rio Izapa, 21.iv.1983, W.N. Mathis (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476055); Chiapas: Puenta Macalapa, light trap, 22.v.1964, F.S. Blanton (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476056); Vera Cruz: Cordoba, vii.1965, N.L.H. Krauss (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476057); PANAMA: Gamboa: Pipeline Road, Malaise traps, vii.1967, W.W. Wirth (1♂, 1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476058-USNMENT01476059); Gamboa: Rio Agua Salud, vii.1967, W.W. Wirth (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476060); Summit, ix.1946, N.H.L. Krauss (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476061); Tabogal, 26.ii.1912, A. Busck (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476062); PERU: Canet, 17.v.1941, P.A. Berry (2♀, USNM; USNMENT01476063-USNMENT01476064); VENEZUELA: Zulia: El Tucuco, 45 km SW Machiques, 5–6.vi.1976, A.S. Menke & D. Vincent (1♀, USNM; USNMENT01476065).

Small Oscinellinae with a shiny frontal triangle and sparsely pruinose thorax. Occiput with dorsolateral pubescent swelling just behind outer vertical bristle. Scutellum trapezoidal with very small apical tubercles bristles. Male postabdomen small with parallel sided surstylus.

Total length 2.3–2.5 mm. Overall colour black. Head. Frontal triangle black, pruinose, 0.7 times length of frons; ocellar tubercle black, microtomentose; occiput with distinct pubescent swelling (Fig. 33); frons brown, yellow antero-medially, heavily microtomentose; cephalic setae dark, eleven fronto-orbital setae weak-developed, interfrontal setulae on margin of frontal triangle, six post-ocellar setulae small; gena white, microtomentose, 0.09 times eye height; eye hairy; face yellow; scape, pedicel yellow, first flagellomere and arista missing in both type specimens; palpus yellow, proboscis and clypeus brown. Scutum. Black, shiny, acrostichal and dorsocentral lines pruinose with setae in three faint punctuate rows, notopleural bristle one anterior and two posterior relatively thick; intra-alar setae strong, black; dorsocentral setae strong, scutum 1.2 times longer than wide; scutellum brown, trapezoidal, 1.7 times wider than long, microtomentose, smooth; apical scutellar setae strong, on small tubercles on upper margin of scutellum, lateral scutellar setae as large, twice as long as other dorsal setae. Legs. Yellow, hind tibia darker; femoral organ present as a small patch of three sensillae, tibial organ oval, pale, occupying middle third of hind tibia. Wing. Hyaline; veins brown; ratio of costal sectors C1: C2: C3: C4 – 1: 1.9: 1.2: 0.5; haltere white. Abdomen. Paler than thorax, sparsely microtomentose; abdominal syntergites 1+2 elongate. Male postabdomen (Figs 61, 62). Epandrium small, higher than long in lateral view, wider than high in posterior view, with many setae; surstylus 0.8 height of epandrium, straight, parallel-sided; cercus elongate, narrow with long ventral projection, cercus with sparse setae, one seta near apex long; hypandrium open; distiphallus weakly sclerotised, blunt-ended.

Figures 58–63. 

Enderleiniella tumescens. 58 Lateral habitus 59 dorsal habitus 60 head (dorsal) 61 male genitalia (lateral) 62 male genitalia (posterior) 63 geographic distribution.

Female unknown.

Accession number MK919195

Holotype ♂: VENEZUELA: San Esteban, xii.1939, P. J. Anduze (USNM; USNMENT01476067). Paratype: same data as holotype (1♂, USNM; USNMENT01476068).

The species name is from the Latin tumescens (swollen), referring to the distinctive structure of the occiput.

Small Oscinellinae with a shiny frontal triangle and thorax. Mouthparts geniculate. Scutellum trapezoidal with very small apical tubercles bristles. Male postabdomen small with a triangular surstylus.

Total length 1.9–2.0 mm. Overall colour black. Head. Frontal triangle black, pruinose, 0.7 times length of frons; ocellar tubercle black, microtomentose; frons brown, yellow antero-medially, microtomentose; cephalic setae dark, six or seven fronto-orbital setae weak-developed, interfrontal setulae on margin of frontal triangle, six or seven ocellar setulae small, posterior setae proclinate; gena white, microtomentose, 0.07–0.08 times eye height; eye hairy; face yellow; scape, pedicel, first flagellomere brown to black, first flagellomere subquadrate, arista black, thin at base, pubescence sparse; palpus yellow, clypeus and proboscis black in males. Scutum. Black, shiny, acrostichal and dorsocentral setae in three faint punctuate rows, notopleural bristle one anterior and two posterior relatively thick; outer postalar setae strong, black; dorsocentral setae strong, scutum 1.2 times longer than wide; scutellum black, trapezoidal, 1.6 times wider than long, microtomentose, smooth; apical scutellar setae strong, on very small tubercles on dorsal margin of scutellum, lateral scutellar setae as large, twice as long as other dorsal setae. Legs. Yellow, mid and hind femur and tibia dark distally; femoral organ a line of three sensillae, tibial organ linear, brown, paler than leg, occupying middle third of hind tibia. Wing. Hyaline; veins brown; ratio of costal sectors C1: C2: C3: C4 – 1: 1.7: 1.2: 0.6; haltere white. Abdomen. Paler than thorax, sparsely microtomentose; abdominal syntergites 1+2 slightly longer than other tergites. Male postabdomen (Figs 66, 67). Epandrium higher than long in lateral view, wider than high in posterior view, with many setae; surstylus 0.5 height of epandrium, triangular, with a slight posterior curve, surstylus with one anterior seta near base and short setae elsewhere; cercus narrow with long ventral projection, cercus with sparse setae, one seta longer than others; distiphallus weakly sclerotised, straight, blunt-ended.

Figures 64–68. 

Enderleiniella wheeleri. 64 Lateral habitus 65 dorsal habitus 66 male genitalia (lateral) 67 male genitalia (posterior) 68 geographic distribution.

Female unknown.

Holotype ♂: COSTA RICA: Prov. Cartago, Turrialba, P.N. Barbilla, 2km S. de Est. por la Quebrada, 200–300m, 25.ix.2000, E. Rojas, Red Barrido, L.N. 217500 596893 #58442 (INBio; INBIO0003466073). Paratype: same as holotype (1♂, INBio; INBIO0003466202).

This species is named in honour of Terry Wheeler, in recognition of his contributions to our knowledge of New World Chloropidae.