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Citation: Li X, Lin X-l, Wang X-h (2013) New species and records of Parametriocnemus Goetghebuer from China (Diptera, Chironomidae). ZooKeys 320: 51–62. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.320.4927
The Chinese species of Parametriocnemus Goetghebuer are reviewed. Two species, Parametriocnemus fortis sp. n. and Parametriocnemus vittatus sp. n. are described and illustrated as males, and Parametriocnemus ornaticornis (Kieffer), Parametriocnemus scotti (Freeman) and Parametriocnemus brundini Sinharay & Chaudhuri are recorded from China for the first time. A key to the males of the seven Chinese Parametriocnemus speciesis given.
Chirnomidae, Parametriocnemus, new species, new records, China
The genus Parametriocnemus was described as a subgenus of Metriocnemus van der Wulp by
The morphological nomenclature follows
The types and other material is housed in the College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, China (BDN).
http://species-id.net/wiki/Parametriocnemus_brundini
CHINA: Fujian Province, Daiyun Mountain, 25°41'0.38"N, 118°11'23"E, 1 male, 13.iv.2002, light trap, Z. Liu.
The species can be separated from other members of the genus by having a brown body; absence of band on mesonotum; setae on abdominal terga in transverse rows; long anal point; and a triangular inferior volsella. According to
Difference between specimens from China and India of Parametriocnemus brundini Sinharay & Chaudhuri, male.
Parametriocnemus brundini Sinharay & Chaudhuri | Chinese specimens (n=1) | India specimens (n=1) |
AR | 1.03 | 1.06 |
Color of thorax | yellowish | brown |
Color of abdomen | yellowish | I–IV brown, rest dark brown |
LR1 | 0.82 | 0.77 |
LR3 | 0.62 | 0.44 |
In China the species is known from the Fujian Province in the Oriental region only.
http://zoobank.org/FA0E5DF9-3AD6-430E-BB7A-2BCF02A97084
http://species-id.net/wiki/Parametriocnemus_fortis
Figs 1–3Holotype male (BDN No.007), CHINA: Tibet, Shergmla Mountain, Lulang, 29°56'36"N, 94°47'57"E, 29.ix.1997, light trap, T. Solhøy & J. Skartveit.
The male differs from other members of the genus by having a long, strong anal point, twice as long as gonostylus, and a high HV.
From Latin, adjective, fortis – meaning strong, referring to the long and strong anal point.
Male (n=1).
Total length 3.03 mm. Wing length 2.08 mm. Total length / wing length 1.46. Wing length / length of profemur 2.59.
Coloration. Head and wing light brown. Legs yellow. Thorax and abdomen blackish brown.
Head. AR 0.57. Temproal setea 13, including 8 inner verticals, 2 outer verticals and 3 postobitals. Clypeus with 11 setae. Tentorium 185 µm long, 38 µm wide. Palpomeres lost.
Wing (Fig. 1). Anal lobe reduced. VR 1.06. Costal extension 75 µm long, ending above to very slightly proximal to apex of M3+4. Brachiolum with 1 seta, C extension with 5 non-marginal setae, Sc bare, R with 23 setae, R1 with 16, R4+5 with 37, RM with 1, M with 2, M1+2 with 64, M3+4 with 39, Cu with 20, Cu1 with 28, Pcu with 30, and An with 22 setae. Cell m proximal to RM with 9 setae, r4+5 with 162, m1+2 with 176, m3+4 with 125, an with 2, and cu with 23 setae. Squama with 8 setae.
Thorax. Antepronotum with 1 setae. Dorsocentrals 20, acrostichals 3, prealars 6. Scutellum with 7 setae.
Legs. Spur of fore tibia 43 µm long, spurs of mid tibia 20 µm and 18 µm long, of hind tibia 43 µm and 25 µm long. Width at apex of mid tibia 40 µm. Comb of 10 setae, shortest seta 30 µm long, longest seta 50 µm long. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs as in Table 2.
Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs segments of Parametriocnemus fortis sp. n., male (n = 1).
fe | ti | ta1 | ta2 | ta3 | ta4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p1 | 800 | 920 | 640 | – | – | – |
p2 | 820 | 810 | 420 | 185 | 137 | 93 |
p3 | 910 | 990 | 640 | 300 | – | – |
ta5 | LR | BV | SV | BR | ||
p1 | – | 0.70 | – | – | – | |
p2 | 80 | 0.52 | 4.16 | – | 3.22 | |
p3 | – | 0.65 | – | – | – |
Hypopygium (Figs 2–3). Anal point strong, 143 µm long, 88 µm wide at base. Tergite IX including anal point with 5 setae. Laterosternite IX with 4 setae. Pallapodeme 43 µm long, trasverse sternapodeme 60 µm long. Gonocoxite 163 µm long, interifor volsella triangular. Gonostylus 71 µm long, megaseta 14 µm long. HR 2.31, HV 4.30.
Parametriocnemus fortis sp. n., male. 1 wing 2 hypopygium(dorsal view) 3 hypopygium (ventral view).
The species is similar to Parametriocnemus stylatus (Kieffer) in the structure of the hypopgium, but can be distinguished by having much stronger anal point.
The specimen was collected in Tibet in Palaearctic China.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Parametriocnemus_lundbeckii
CHINA: Zhejiang Province, Tianmu Mountain, 30°18'44"N, 119°26'35"E, 7 males, 12.xi.1998, light trap, H. Zhou.
The species differs from other members of the genus by having a triangular, broad inferior volsella with bluntly rounded corner. The species is very similar to Parametriocnemus stylatus (Kieffer), but differs in the shape of the inferior volsella, and the preapical projection of the gonostylus is much smaller and pointed than that in Parametriocnemus lundbeckii (
The species has been recorded from the Oriental, Neotropical and Nearctic Regions, and occurs in both of Oriental and Palaearctic China.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Parametriocnemus_ornaticornis
CHINA: Fujian Province, Daiyun Mountain, 25°41'0.38"N, 118°11'23"E, 2 males, 13.ix.2002, light trap, Z. Liu. Yunnan Procince, Eryuan County, Meiyou River, 26°6'40"N, 99°57'3"E, 1 male, 24.v.1996, light trap, C. Zhou. Henan Province, Luanchuan County, Lonyuwan National Forest Park, 33°46'41"N, 111°37'45"E, 1 male, 10.vii.1996, J. Li. Hunan Province, Yanling county, Taoyuan Hole, 26°25'21"N, 113°40'9"E, 1 male, 16.vii.2004, light trap, C. Yan.
The species can be separated from other members of the genus by having a comparatively low AR (0.31–0.46), macrotrichiae forming streaks in the apical half of the wing, squama with 4–5 setae, and anal point with bare apex and 3–4 setae on each side. The species was described from Australia by
Difference between specimens from China and India of Parametriocnemus ornaticornis (Kieffer), male.
Parametriocnemus ornaticornis (Kieffer) | Chinese specimens (n=5) | India specimens (n=4) |
AR | 0.31–0.46 | 0.41–0.46 |
TL | 1.44–2.42 | 2.25–2.52 |
TL/WL | 1.04–1.75 | 1.77–1.88 |
LR1 | 0.69–0.83 | 0.81–0.82 |
LR2 | 0.49–0.55 | 0.55–0.56 |
LR3 | 0.58–0.63 | 0.60–0.63 |
SV1 | 2.03–2.74 | 3.08–3.14 |
SV2 | 3.93–4.42 | 5.09–5.13 |
SV3 | 3.06–3.39 | 4.00–4.11 |
BR1 | 0.77–2.13 | 2.20–2.25 |
BR2 | 2.00–2.75 | 2.40–4.00 |
BR3 | 2.63–3.56 | 3.00–3.83 |
The species has been recorded from Australia (
http://species-id.net/wiki/Parametriocnemus_scotti
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Liupan Mountain, 35°47'22"N, 106°17'36"E, 1 male, 9.viii.1987, light trap, X. Wang. Zhejiang Province, Taizhou City, Xianju County, Shenxianju Mountain, 28°42'17"N, 120°36'38"E, 1 male, 14.iv.2011, sweep net, X. Lin.
The species can be separated from other members of the genus by having a short anal point with bare, rounded apex; triangular inferior volsella, and clavate antenna with numerous curved bristles apically. The species is similar to Parametriocnemus brundini Sinharay et Chaudhuri in the structure of the hypopgium; it has a short anal point with bare apex, while that in Parametriocnemus brundini is longer. The species was redescribed and figured by
Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs segments of Chinese specimens of Parametriocnemus scotti (Freeman), male (n=2).
fe | ti | ta1 | ta2 | ta3 | ta4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p1 | 610–680 | 690–700 | 500–560 | 215–300 | 194–218 | 138–141 |
p2 | 590–700 | 560–750 | 282–490 | 132–245 | 97–193 | 62–105 |
p3 | 660–720 | 720–740 | 430–480 | 194–248 | 150–178 | 88–105 |
ta5 | LR | BV | SV | BR | ||
p1 | 98–128 | 0.71–0.81 | 2.47–2.64 | 2.45–2.62 | 1.10–2.75 | |
p2 | 58–93 | 0.50–0.65 | 3.06–3.50 | 2.96–4.08 | 2.20–3.0 | |
p3 | 40–78 | 0.60–0.65 | 3.19–3.84 | 3.05–3.21 | 2.67–6.13 |
The species has been recorded from Ethiopia (Abyssinia), Kenya, Uganda and Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) in the Afrotropical Region (
http://species-id.net/wiki/Parametriocnemus_stylatus
Figs 4–6CHINA: Fujian Province, Wuyi Mountain, 27°43'46"N, 118°1'52"E, 1 male, 24.iv.2002, light trap, W. Bu. Fujian Province, Wuyi Mountain, 27°43'46"N, 118°1'52"E, 1 female, 30.viii.1993, light trap, X. Wang. Fujian Province, Shanghang Country, Buyun Mountain, Shiyankeng, 25°15'59"N, 116°51'50"E, 1 male, 6.v.1993, light trap, X. Wang. Beijing City, Huairong District, 40°19'15"N, 116°37'59"E, 2 males, 15.x.1994, light trap, X. Wang. Henan Province, Luanchuan County, Longyuwan National Forest Park, 33°46'41"N, 111°37'45"E, 1 male, 10.vii.1996, light trap, J. Li. Sichuan Province, Yaan City, Yajiang River, Sandaoqiao Town, 29°53'48"N, 103°10'19"E, 1 male, 9.vi.1996, light trap, X. Wang. Sichuang Province, Yanan City, Yajiang County, 29°53'48"N, 103°10'19"E, 1 female, 14.vi.1996, light trap, X. Wang. Shannxi Province, Zhouzhi County, Banfangzi Town, 34°9'47"N, 108°13'19"E, 1 male, 7.viii.1994, light trap. X. Wang. Zhejiang Province, Tianmu Mountain, 30°18'44"N, 119°26'35"E, 2 males, 12.xi.1998, light trap. X. Wang. Yunnan Province, Eryuan County, Niujie Town, Futian Village, Meigong Stream, 26°6'40"N, 99°57'3"E, 5 males, 24.v.1996, light trap, C. Zhou. Guizhou Province, Daozhen County, Dasha River, 26°38'19"N, 108°3'41"E, 3 larvae, 23.v.2004, leg, H. Tang.
The male differs from other members of the genus by having AR 0.79–1.09, wing membrane with numerous setae, a rather slender gonostylus without projection, robust anal point, and gonocoxite with a broad, subrectangular inferior volsella.
According to
Parametriocnemus stylatus (Kieffer), intersex. 4 antenna, five segmented 5 antenna, six segmented; 6 antenna, ten segmented.
The species has been recorded from the Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions and occurs in both Oriental and Palaearctic China.
http://zoobank.org/01BC3723-E3F3-4C4F-8711-DA3897875EBC
http://species-id.net/wiki/Parametriocnemus_vittatus
Figs 7–11Holotype male (BDN No.11836), CHINA: Sichuan Province, Shimian County, Sala River, 29°13'40"N, 102°21'34"E, 16.vi.1996, sweep net, X. Wang.
The male differs from other members of the genus by having a low AR, and tergites II–III with brown vita, tergites IV–V with three brown patches, and tergites VI–VII all brown. Ultimate flagellomere is expanded in the middle, tapering toward apex, with 4 long, curved sensilla chaetica subapically.
From Latin, noun, vitta – meaning ribbon, referring to tergites II–VII having brown vita.
Male (n=1).
Total length 2.55 mm. Wing length 1.43 mm. Total length / wing length 1.58. Wing length / length of profemur 2.30.
Coloration. Head, legs and antenna brown. Thorax light brown. Abdomen yellowish, tergites II–III with brown vita, 2/3 the width of the tergite, tergites IV–V with three brown patches on each tergite, and tergites VI –VII all brown (Fig. 7).
Parametriocnemus vittaus sp. n., male 7 abdomen 8 antenna9 wing 10 hypopygium (dorsal view) 11 hypopygium(ventral view).
Head. AR 0.58. Ultimate flagellomere expand in the middle, tapering toward apex, with 4 long, curved sensilla chaetica subapically (Fig. 8). Temporal setae 9, including 4 inner verticals, 4 outer verticals and 1 postobital. Clypenus with 13 setae. Tentorium 110 µm long, 10 µm wide. Length of palpomeres (in µm): 23, 30, 85, 105, 160. Length ratio of palpomere 5/3 1.88.
Wing (Fig. 9). Anal lobe reduced. VR 1.22. Costal extension 120 µm long. Brachiolum with 1 seta, R with 20, R1 with 9, R4+5 with about 300, M without setae, M3+4 with 17 setae. Most of the wing membrane densely covered with setae; cell r4+5 with 141 setae, m3+4 with 13 setae. Squama with 8 seta.
Thorax. Antepronotum with 1 setae. Dorsocentrals 10, acrostichals 13, prealars not visible. Scutellum with 8 setae.
Legs. Spur of fore tibia 33 µm long, spurs of mid tibiae 23 µm and 20 µm long, of hind tibia 50 µm and 18 µm long. Width at apex of fore tibia 35 µm, of mid tibia 40 µm, of hind tibia 50 µm. Comb of 10 setae, shortest seta 28 µm long, longest seta 60 µm long. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs as in Table 5.
Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs segments of Parametriocnemus vittatus sp. n., male (n=1).
fe | ti | ta1 | ta2 | ta3 | ta4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p1 | 620 | 670 | 540 | 264 | 194 | 132 |
p2 | 660 | 610 | 300 | 136 | 97 | 78 |
p3 | 690 | 750 | 410 | 180 | 154 | 90 |
ta5 | LR | BV | SV | BR | ||
p1 | 100 | 0.81 | 2.65 | 2.39 | 1.36 | |
p2 | 75 | 0.49 | 4.07 | 4.23 | 1.80 | |
p3 | 88 | 0.55 | 3.61 | 3.51 | 1.43 |
Hypopygium (Figs 10–11). Tergite IX including anal point with 5 setae. Laterosternite IX with 6 setae. Anal point 38 µm long, 33 µm wide. Gonocoxite 208 µm long, inferior volsella triangular. Gonostylus 75 µm long, megaseta 13 µm long. HR 2.77, HV 3.4.
The new species is similar to Parametriocnemus stylatus in the structure of the hypopyium, while the body color is close to Parametriocnemus scotti. However, both Parametriocnemus stylatus and Parametriocnemus scotti lack brown vita on tergites II–VII.
The species was collected in Sichuan Province in Oriental China.
1 | Ultimate flagellomere with 3–4 long, curved sensilla chaetica subapically | 2 |
– | Ultimate flagellomere without long, curved sensilla chaetica subapically, sometimes with numerous short curved bristles | 3 |
2 | AR 0.31–0.46; ultimate flagellomere short, not expended in the middle; tergites II–VII without brown vita or patches; inferior volsella broadly rounded | Parametriocnemus ornaticornis (Kieffer) |
– | AR 0.58; ultimate flagellomere long, expended in the middle, tapering towards apex; tergites II–VII with brown vita or patches; inferior volsella trangular | Parametriocnemus vittatus sp. n. |
3 | Inferior volsella broadly rounded; entire wing membrane densely clothed with setae | 4 |
– | Inferior volsella triangular; basal half of wing membrane bare or at most with scattered setae in anal cell | 5 |
4 | Gonostylus with broad, transparent, preapical crista dorsalis | Parametriocnemus lundbeckii (Johannsen) |
– | Gonostylus without transparent, preapical crista dorsalis | Parametriocnemus stylatus (Kieffer) |
5 | Anal point 80–143 µm long, extending well below posterior margin of tergite IX; squama with 8 setae; AR≤ 0.6 or ≥ 1.0; antenna without numerous curved bristles | 6 |
– | Anal point short, 25–40 µm long, not extending below posterior margin of tergite IX; squama with 2–5 setae; AR 0.77–0.88; antenna with numerous curved bristles | Parametriocnemus scotti (Freeman) |
6 | AR 0.57; anal point 143 µm long, without setae; setae on terga not arranged in rows; acrostichichals in single, irregular rows; HV 4.3 | Parametriocnemus fortis sp. n. |
– | AR 1.03, anal point 80 µm long, with setae; setae on terga arranged in transverse rows; acrostichichals in two irregular rows; HV 3.12 | Parametriocnemus brundini Sinharay et Chaudhuri |
We are indebted to Trond Andersen, University Museum of Bergen, for valuable advice and discussions. Mr. Ji Bing-Chun, Mrs. Li Yu-Fen made the slide preparations. Financial support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (grant No. 30770249, 30870329, J0630963), Zhejiang Provincial National Science Foundation of China (Y3100486) and Fauna of China (FY120100) is thankfully acknowledged.