Arenivaga bolliana (Saussure) by original designation.

The genus Arenivaga is found in central Florida and from Texas to California south into Mexico. They occur from about 39°N south to about 18°N (See Fig. 10).

Until now, Arenivaga were diagnosed from other Corydiid genera by the presence of cercal tricholiths (Fig. 7) and genicular spines on the meta- and mesothoracic legs (Fig. 5). The sister genus Eremoblatta, has cercal tricholiths but no genicular spines on the legs. A new species described in this work (Arenivaga diaphana) has polymorphic genicular spines, the majority of specimens studied having no genicular spines but two specimens were found with the characteristic Arenivaga genicular spine distribution. This undermines the character that until now separated Arenivaga from Eremoblatta. A gestalt of the phenotype of both sexes of the two genera allow easy determination between the two. But without some familiarity with both genera, or examples of both genera side by side, this method of determination is difficult. Generally speaking, Eremoblatta are smaller than Arenivaga and have pronota of consistent size with no pattern; the wings of the males are consistently glossy and wrinkled, and the females are considerably more hirsute than Arenivaga females. Eremoblatta do not appear to show intraspecific phenotypic variability due to variation in environment as do many Arenivaga species. The vast majority of Arenivaga specimens possess genicular spines on the meta- and mesothoracic legs, and the majority of specimens that lack genicular spines will be Eremoblatta. Genitalia provide a clear distinction as Arenivaga has a single-pronged genital hook and Eremoblatta’s is double-pronged.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 24.6 mm, GW = 13.0 mm, PW = 8.64 mm, PL = 5.60 mm, TL/GW = 1.89, PL/PW = 0.65. EW = 0.40 mm; OW = 0.60 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 20.1–30.7 mm; range of GW 9.6–15.3 mm; range of PW 7.25–10.10 mm; range of PL 4.74–6.17 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding; vertex flat, variable in color and width, most species with small ridges between apices of eyes that extend onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, of varying width, concavity depth and color. Frons color variable, tectiform, concave and/or with fine horizontal corrugations; margined on each side by ridges extending from medial margins of ocelli laterally to margins of clypeus with long or very long setae. Anterior portion of frons of variable color, bulbous to very bulbous in most species; clypeal suture with two proximal setae demarcating anteclypeus; labrum wide. Eyes large and reniform, medially emarginate, dark brown in life but color various in dried specimens. Antennae long, delicate and filiform, arising from medial emargination of eyes; antennomere number variable from ~53–67, though determination is made difficult by frequency of broken antennae on specimens.

Pronotum. Pronotum elliptical, variable in size, anterior margin convex, extending anteriorly over head; broad anterior margin translucent, waxy light brown. Setae of variable length along anterior margin; pale short dense setae projecting from ventral side of posterior margin; dorsal surface of pronotum covered with short setae; pronotal pattern may be impressed into surface or not, well demarcated or not, widely variable in color even within some species, with varying extent of aura; the pattern itself varies across the group and takes on certain distinctive appearances including semblance of “panther” or “hippo” faces, and, more rarely, a “koala” face pattern (Fig. 8).

Body. Abdomen and legs dorso-ventrally flattened; all legs heavily spinous and setose. Legs and body varying in color, often within a species; white deposits of uric acid visible through exoskeleton throughout body, legs, pronotum, and wing venation. Sternites rounded and setose laterally in most species. Wing brace (Fig. 5) may be present or absent but is consistent within each species. Tarsi with tarsomere I length equal to length of II-V combined; tarsomere IV shortest; with genicular spines on meso and metalegs (but see Diagnosis, above). Two tarsal claws present in all species but one. Subgenital plate asymmetrical with posterior edge emarginated, apices variable in shape; setose along posterior edge and posterior half of dorsal and ventral surfaces.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex to varying degrees; veins distinctly raised above surface anteriorly and laterally, becoming increasingly embedded in surface posteriorly and centrally; color ranges from pale clear golden tan to very dark brown; blotchiness absent in some species, consistent in others, variable in others; surface ranges from opaque to semi-opaque to translucent, and from matte to shiny; with variable length setae on anterior lateral edges decreasing to uniformly small posteriorly.

Genitalia. Distinctive and highly sculptural, the genitalia of Arenivaga distinguish and delimit species. This revision names and describes four phallomeres, though alternate interpretations of the limits of these structures are possible. While the structures are easy to homologize between species of the genus and close relatives, they are extremely difficult to homologize with the genitalia of other cockroach families or with a “generic” cockroach and no such analysis is attempted here. The phallomeres used in this revision are the right dorsal phallomere, the right ventral phallomere, the small central sclerite, and the left phallomere which includes the genital hook (Fig. 7). The two right phallomeres are hinged together on the lateral side of the animal but are disarticulated here prior to drawing so that as much detail as possible may be shown (Fig. 7).

Arenivaga, Latin for “sand runner”, are found in the American southwest, Mexico, and Florida (Fig. 10). Females and nymphs are subterranean in sandy, dune habitats, feeding on mycorrhizal fungi, leaf detritus of desert shrubs, and the seeds collected by the mammals whose burrows they cohabit (Cohen and Cohen 1976, Hawke and Farley 1973). Their cryptic life history has never been fully documented although their adaptations for life in the desert are well-studied (Walthall and Hartman 1981, Edney 1968, Hawke and Farley 1971a, 1971b, 1973, Cohen and Cohen 1976, 1981, Edney and McFarlane 1974, Hartman et al. 1987, Edney et al. 1974, 1978, Jackson 1983, O’Donnell 1977, 1981, 1982, Appel et al. 1983). Mature males, the only winged form, live most of their short lives above-ground (Appel et al. 1983). Females are most active near and at the surface during summer, which is most likely the mating season. Mature females “swim” to the surface after dark when the first few centimeters of sand have cooled. There, they wander the surface of the sand, presumably attracting males using pheromones (Hawke and Farley 1973). Courtship has never been observed, but mating proceeds in the typical end-to-end manner found in other Blattodea (Figure 11).

MEXICO, Sonora, Arroyo Cuchujaqui.

Holotype: ♂ in EMEC labeled “Arroyo Cuchujaqui, 7 mi. SE Alamos, Son., Mex. VI-19-63, Collr: W. A. Foster” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga adamsi Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (32): MEXICO: Sonora, Nogales, 6/1/1966, alive with fruit on truck (1, USNM); Sonora, Guaymas area, Ejido Buenos Aires, citrus, 5/22/2004, 27.59.093N 110.57.437W, SIB 2004.0040 (1, UAIC); Sonora, Guaymas area, Nacapule Canyon, 5/27/2003, 28.01N, 111.03W, SIB 2003.0027, Blue Tag 9000 (2, UAIC), Sonora, Guaymas area, SW bajada of Aguaje Mts., 5/19/2003, 28.001N, 111.06W, SIB 2003.0004, Blue Tag 9000 (1, UAIC); Sonora, Guaymas area, Nacapule Canyon, 5/21/2004, 28.01N, 111.03W, SIB 2004.0039 (1, UAIC); Sonora, Guaymas, 11/23/1969, Vars & Clifford (1, USNM); Sonora, Guaymas, 6/21/1962, AE Michelbacher (1, EMEC); Sonora, Guaymas, 7/23/1959, HE Evans (1, CUIC); Sonora, Navajoa, 6/24/1962, AE Michelbacher (1, EMEC); Sonora, Navajoa, 8/3/1952, C & P Vaurie (1, AMNH); Sonora, Navajoa, 8/18/1962, AE Michelbacher (1, EMEC); Sonora, Navajoa, 7/18/1972, J & MA Chemsak, A & M Michelbacher, at light (1, EMEC); Sonora, Arroyo Cuchujaqui, 7 mi SE of Alamos, 6/19/1963, WA Foster (2, EMEC); Sonora, Alamos, 7/25-8/7/1953, Fred S. Truxal (4, LACM); Sonora, Cocorit, 6/11/1961, Menke & Stange (1, LACM); Sonora, 1.5 mi S of Presa de Mocuzari, 11/25/1967, R Rice, in rock pile (1, UAIC); Sinaloa, Baviri (playa) W of Los Mochis, 9/8/1986, Faulkner & Bloomfield (2, SDMC); Sinaloa, Los Mochis, 6/26/1962, AE Michelbacher (1, EMEC); Sinaloa, Los Mochis, 7/8/1922, CT Dodds, [Entire body missing] (1, CAS); Sonora, W side of Mazatan, 6/17/2012, N29.0017 W110.0863, 550 m, TR VanDevender & AL Reina-G, mesquite bosque, foothills thorn scrub on slopes (1, HEH); Sonora, W side of Mazatan, 8/13/12, 29.00472N, 110.14806W, 550 m, TR VanDevender & J. Palling (3, HEH); Sonora, 6 mi. NNW of C. Obregon, 6/2/1954, AA Alcorn (1, SEMC). USA: AZ, Cochise Co., Douglas, 7/22-25/1969, VD Roth (1, SWRS); AZ, Cochise Co. 28 mi E Douglas, Guadalupe Canyon, 6/24/1970 (1, SWRS). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga adamsi Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the genitive case. This species is named in honor and fond remembrance of Douglas Adams, whose writing makes me laugh, and who loved and respected all life on this planet.

This species is found in central Sonora and northern Sinaloa Mexico and southeastern Arizona. See Fig. 14.

Arenivaga adamsi may be confused with Arenivaga moctezuma but can be distinguished by the single large spine on the posterior end of the medial margin of the right dorsal phallomere. See Figs 11 and 104.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 17.5 mm, GW = 9.0 mm, PW = 6.13 mm, PL = 4.33 mm, TL/GW = 1.94, PL/PW = 0.71. EW = 0.30 mm; OW = 0.30 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 15.8–20.7 mm; range of GW 7.3–10.3 mm; range of PW 5.47–6.33 mm; range of PL 3.60–4.57 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.40 × 0.30 mm); vertex dark brown with small ridges in rays around upper apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, medium brown. Frons translucent peach-brown, unusually wide, posterior concave; anterior portion of frons bulbous and translucent peach-brown; translucent peach-brown smooth anteclypeus. See Fig. 12d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with short orange-brown setae that are thicker and longer laterally; pronotal pattern orange-brown or red-brown “panther face”, with scattered maculations of same color as pattern; discernible detail within pattern variable; slight aura. See Fig. 12c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body light orange-brown; many specimens with brown maculations laterally on each sternite; subgenital plate light orange-brown; asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 12b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (up to 40% of wing length); blotchy medium to dark brown depending on specimen; surface matte and opaque. See Fig. 12a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of lightly sclerotized, long, bulbous hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; medial side of lobe deeply emarginated from medial edge of remainder of phallomere; central field shallow, cupped, lightly sclerotized; medial margin more heavily sclerotized, smooth, with long posterior projecting spine. Small central sclerite punctate, with large shagreened, rugose, medially projecting bilobed bulge; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form shagreened rounded structure, with prominent medially projecting spine located posteriorly; attached anteriorly is mildly dorsally projecting flanged smooth concave arm, that extends only slightly beyond depth of rest of phallomere, apex punctate. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere dramatically modified with sclerotized anterior wall and posteriorly projecting setose spine located ventrally. Genital hook with short extension to pointed head with moderate hook; arm smoothly curved. See Fig. 13.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

MEXICO, Sonora, 8 km W of Carbo.

Holotype: ♂ in UAIC labeled “8 km. W. of Carbo, Son. Mex. 5-X-60, at light, Wm. W. Gibson Collector” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga akanthikos Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (1): MEXICO: Sonora, 8 mi W of Caborca, 3/20/1980, CE Griswold (1, EMEC). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga akanthikos Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is an adjective in the nominative singular. This species is named from the Greek meaning thorny because of the amazing number of thorns present on its genitalia.

This species is found in the northwest part of Sonora, Mexico. See Fig. 17.

Arenivaga akanthikos can be distinguished by its having three spines on right dorsal phallomere, one on the right ventral phallomere, one on the small central sclerite, and one on the left phallomere. See Fig. 16.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 18.3 mm, GW = 8.1 mm, PW = 5.84 mm, PL = 4.20 mm, TL/GW = 2.26, PL/PW = 0.72. EW = 0.25 mm; OW = 0.30 mm. No notable difference in size among paratypes.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.40 × 0.30 mm); vertex dark brown with small ridges in rays around upper apex of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, dark brown, with two small round indentations. Frons waxy white with brown edges near ocelli; posterior concave with occasional long setae; bound on either side by ridges extending from inner apex of ocelli outwards to lateral edges of clypeus. Anterior portion of frons bulbous and waxy white; clypeal suture with two proximal setae, demarcates waxy white smooth anteclypeus. See Fig. 15d.

Pronotum. Pronotum average in size for genus; translucent waxy beige; variable length orange-brown setae along anterior margin; setae on dorsal surface of pronotum thicker and longer laterally; pronotal pattern dark orange-brown “panther face”, not impressed, detail discernible; small lateral and anterior aura. See Fig. 15c.

Body. Wing brace present. Legs and body light brown; one specimen with brown maculations laterally on each sternite; subgenital plate light brown with rounded apices. See Fig. 15b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (~35% of wing length); blotchy medium to dark brown; surface matte and opaque. See Fig. 15a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of lightly sclerotized, unusually curved, bulbous hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; medial side of lobe deeply emarginated from medial edge of remainder of phallomere; central field shallow, cupped, lightly sclerotized; medial margin more heavily sclerotized, smooth, with long posterior projecting spine and two medially projecting spines located on anterior third of medial margin. Small central sclerite concave, punctate, with large shagreened medially projecting wide upside down V-shape on ventral edge, point of which extends into small spine; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form shagreened rounded structure, with prominent medially projecting spine located posteriorly; attached anteriorly is flanged punctate concave arm that extends slightly beyond depth of rest of phallomere, edge shagreened. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere dramatically modified with sclerotized anterior wall and posteriorly projecting smooth spine located ventrally. Genital hook with short extension to pointed head with short hook. See Fig. 16.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

MEXICO, BC, hills S of Laguna el Rosario.

Holotype: ♂ in USNM labeled “MEXICO: Baja Calif., hills S of Laguna El Rosario 5-VIII-1973, leg. L.J. Oraak, ?.?. Simpson, ex. Lichen, bee collecting notes of L.J. Oraak (LJO-1076)” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga alichenas Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (1): MEXICO: BC, Valle de la Trinidad, 7/?/1927, LM Muey (1, SDMC). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga alichenas Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

This species is named from the Latin meaning “from lichen” because the holotype was taken from lichen.

This species is found in western and north-central Baja California Norte, Mexico. See Fig. 20.

Arenivaga alichenas may be diagnosed by very narrow hook-shaped lobe on the right dorsal phallomere and the sclerotized edge of the anterior portion of the small central sclerite. See Fig. 19.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 14.3 mm, GW = 7.2 mm, PW = 5.00 mm, PL = 3.55 mm, TL/GW = 1.97, PL/PW = 0.71. EW = 0.70 mm; OW = 0.45 mm. No notable difference in measurements among paratypes.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.30 × 0.20 mm); vertex medium brown, with small ridges in rays around upper apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space deeply concave, medium brown, lighter medially. Frons waxy white, concave; anterior portion of frons waxy white, bulbous; light brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 18d.

Pronotum. Pronotum small; translucent waxy beige with fine dark brown margin; dorsal surface of pronotum covered with dense golden brown setae, could be called furry; pronotal pattern dark orange-brown “panther face” with medium to dark brown aura; detail impressed. See Fig. 18c.

Body. Wing brace present. Legs and body light brown; subgenital plate dissected and cleared with angular apices. See Fig. 18b.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex (up to ~30% of total wing length); no blotchiness, medium to dark brown; surface translucent, with slight sheen. See Fig. 18a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous lightly sclerotized narrow hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field broad, lightly sclerotized, punctate; medial margin heavily sclerotized, shagreened with straight toothed edge. Small central sclerite concave, with punctate crescent shape with more sclerotized margins anteriorly; anterior rounded point curves back on itself; posterior margin attached to dorsal side of right dorsal phallomere. Right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form flattened smooth lobe, increasingly punctate and sclerotized anteriorly; after narrow gap, wide rounded concave shagreened arm extending to depth of rest of phallomere. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere narrow, setose, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with long extension to pointed head with slight concavity on short hook; arm smoothly curved. See Fig. 19.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

(343). USA: AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 8/21/1962, D.J. & J.N.Knull (1, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 9/4/1962, D.J. & J.N.Knull (1, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/9/1959, D.J. & J.N.Knull (1, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/17/1957, D.J. & J.N.Knull (1, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/22/1957, D.J. & J.N.Knull (1, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 8/2/1952, D.J. & J.N.Knull (1, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/19/1952, D.J. & J.N.Knull (2, OSUC); AZ, Fish Creek, Tonto NF, 5/9-10/1918, J.C.Bradley (1, ANSP); AZ, Gila Co., Tonto Natural Bridge SP, 9/11/2010, 34.19.16N 111.27.24, Warner & Smith, UVBL lights, (1, WB Warner); AZ, Pima Co., 7/27/1927, R.H.Beamer (1, ANSP); AZ, Globe, 6/19/1957, Butler & Werner, at light (3, UAIC); AZ, Globe, 6/2/1935, Parker (1, UCRC); AZ, Pima Co., Santa Rita Mts., Box Canyon, 7/21/1995, Olson, Hall et al. (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Santa Rita Mts., Box Canyon, 7/9/1976, D.Whitman #581 (1, EMEC); AZ, Pima Co., Rincon Mts., Mack Burn Site, 6/30/1995, Pitfall 5, Pitfall 2 (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Rincon Mts., Mack Burn Site, 8/12/1995, Pitfall 11 (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., 8 mi. N of Vail, 6/26/1962, F.Werner, UV Light trap (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., 8 mi. N of Vail, 8/30/1962, Werner & Nutting, UV Light trap (1, UAIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/8/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., Silver Creek Wash, 0.7 mi. W of Portal, 8/2/1966, 4870’, R.G.Beard, UV Light trap (2, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Guadalupe Canyon in wash at entry into canyon, 8/4/1966, 4200’, R.G.Beard, UV Light trap (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Pyeatt’s Ranch, 6/29/1953, 6000’, A & H Dietrich (3, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 8/22/1959, 5000’, H.E.Evans, at light (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 6/25/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/24/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 6/28/1974, 5000’, T.L.McCabe (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/8/1974, 5000’, T.L.McCabe (2, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 6/25/1974, 5000’, T.L.McCabe (2, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/13/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/7/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (2, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/7/1974, 5000’, T.L.McCabe (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 6/20/1974, 5000’, T.L.McCabe (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/4/1974, 5000’, T.L.McCabe (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/21/1974, 5000’, T.L.McCabe, (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/5/1974, 5000’, T.L.McCabe (6, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/8/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (2, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/12/1974, 5400’, E.R.Hoebeke (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/4/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (1, CUIC); AZ, Graham Co., Noon Creek, Graham Mts., 7/8/1965, Werner & Butler (7, UAIC); AZ, Cave Creek, 8/22/1926, W.W.Jones (1, UAIC); AZ, Noon Creek, Mt. Graham, 7/28/1954, F.G.Werner, light (1, UAIC); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS, Chiricahua Mts. 4 mi. W of Portal, 6/24/1956, O.L.Cartwright (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 8/5/1949, 3500’, G.M.Bradt (1, AMNH); AZ, Huachuca Mts., 7/8/1932, J.D.Beamer (1, SEMC); AZ, Cochise Co., Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 6/3/1952, Cazier, Gertsch & Schrammel (1, AMNH); AZ, Cochise Co., Paradise, Chiricahua Mts., 7/3/1954, Cazier & Gertsch (1, AMNH); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/8/1932, R.H.Beamer (2, SEMC); AZ, Graham Co., Wet Canyon, Graham Mts., 9/14/1950, 6000’-6500’, Gertsch & Cazier (1, AMNH); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/1/1952, Cazier, Gertsch & Schrammel (2, AMNH); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS 5 mi. W of Portal, 6/19/1957, 5400’, M.Statham (1, AMNH); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS 5 mi. W of Portal, 5/15/1956, 5400’, M.Statham (1, AMNH); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS 5 mi. W of Portal, 7/19/1955, 5400’, W.J.Gertsch (1, AMNH); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS 5 mi. W of Portal, 5/3/1956, 5400’, M.Statham (1, AMNH); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS 5 mi. W of Portal, 7/7/1956, 5400’, C & M Cazier (1, AMNH); AZ, Cochise Co., Palmerlee, Miller Canyon, 6/29/1950, R.F.Smith (2, AMNH); AZ, Cochise Co., Tombstone, 8/?/1975, GSF (1, SDMC); AZ, Cochise Co., 2 mi. E of Portal, 7/15/1955, E.Ordway (1, AMNH); AZ, Gila Co., Globe, 7/16-17/1948, 3600’, Werner & Nutting, at light, mesquite-cholla (1, UAIC); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS Cave Creek Canyon, Chiricahua Mts., 6/13/1938, 5400’, Burns & Burns (1, EMEC); AZ, Benson, 7/4/1947, E.R.Tinkham (2, USNM); AZ, Huachuca Mts., Catal. No. 28, Brooklyn Museum Colln. 1929 (1, LACM); AZ, Bowie, 7/14/1917, Wheeler (2, UMMZ); AZ, Santa Rita Mts., 7/10/1950, H.O.Wright (1, SEMC); AZ, Gila Co., White Mts., 5/16/1925, 6000’, O.C.Poling (1, UMMZ); AZ, Cochise Co., 10 mi. E of Sierra Vista, 8/8/1977, Allen & Duffy, collected at blacklight (1, CSCA); AZ, Yuma Co., Wellton, 3/3/1925, O.C.Poling (2, UMMZ); AZ, C.U.Lot 34, Cornell U. Lot 677 Sub.10 (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Stronghold, Dragoon Mts., 7/16/1958, C.W.O’Brien (4, UAIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Cochise Stronghold, 6/29/1969, L.S.Hawkins (1, CSCA); AZ, Pima Co., Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 8/9-20/1978, DKF (1, SDMC); AZ, Santa Rita Mts., 7/9/1947, L.D.Beamer (1, SEMC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 7/25/1959, 4880’, J.C.Franclemont (1, CUIC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 7/14/1959, 4880’, J.C.Franclemont (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/3/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/2/1974, 5000’, T.L.McCabe (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 8/9/1974, 5000’, T.L.McCabe (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 6/24/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 6/23/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (2, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/4/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (4, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/5/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7/16/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 6/27/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (1, CUIC); AZ, 8 mi. N of Vail, 8/7/1966, F.Werner family, UV trap (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Catalina Mts. Y camp N side, 7/20/1961, at light (1, FSCA); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 8/3/1974, 5000’, T.L.McCabe (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 6/22/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (1, CUIC); AZ, Gila Co., White Mts., 7/12/1935, 7000’, O.C.Poling (8, UMMZ); AZ, Gila-Pinal Co., Miami, Pinal Mts., 5/18-25/1925, 5000’, O.C.Poling (6, UMMZ); AZ, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 8/13/1974, 5000’, E.R.Hoebeke (1, CUIC); AZ, Gila Co., Globe, 7/12/1925, C.J.Alden (2, UMMZ); AZ, Gila Co., White Mts., 7/11/1925, 6000’, O.C.Poling (1, UMMZ); AZ, Gila Co., White Mts., 6/27/1925, 7000’, O.C.Poling (1, UMMZ); AZ, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 7/8/1970, W.E & C.A.Triplehorn (1, OSUC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 7/4/1980, R.H.Crandall (2, LACM); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. S of Portal, 7/17/1965, 4800’, Davidson, Davidson & Cazier, , at light (1, ASU); AZ, Cochise Co., W side of Wilcox Dry Gulch near Cochise, 9/2/1991, 4200’, Miller & Sta???, (1, FSCA); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS 5 mi. SW of Portal, 5/23/1979, 5300’, W.B.Warner, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS 5 mi. SW of Portal, 7/2/1979, 5300’, W.B.Warner, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Yavapai Co., Prescott, 7/15/1984, C.R.Ash, (1, UAIC); AZ, Yavapai Co., Prescott, 7/?/1985, D.Tuttle, (1, UAIC); AZ, Yavapai Co., Prescott, 7/?/1987, D.Tuttle, (3, UAIC); AZ, Yavapai Co., Prescott, 6/15/1986, D.Tuttle, (2, UAIC); AZ, Yavapai Co., Prescott, 7/28/1984, C.R.Ash, at light (1, UAIC); AZ, Yavapai Co., Montezuma Castle NM, 5/25/1993, S.W.Fondriest, black light trap, site 12, round blue label (1, NAUF); AZ, Yavapai Co., Montezuma Well NM, 7/13/1993, S.W.Fondriest, black light trap, site 10, round blue label (1, NAUF); AZ, Greenlee Co., Eagle Creek, 7/1/1977, 3700’, (1, ASUT); AZ, Mescal, 7/28/1927, L.A.Anderson, (1, ANSP); AZ, Huachuca, Kunze, (1, ANSP); AZ, Huachuca Mts., 7/8/1932, R.H.Beamer, (2, ANSP); AZ, Santa Rita Mts., 7/29/1979, R.H.Crandall, (2, LACM); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/8/1932, R.H.Beamer, (1, ANSP); AZ, Santa Rita Mts., 8/29/1924, C.T.Vorhies, (1, ANSP); AZ, Santa Rita Mts., 6/16/1926, 4000’, C.T.Vorhies, (1, ANSP); AZ, Santa Rita Mts., 10/?/1936, Bryant, (1, UCRC); AZ, Santa Rita Mts., 6/21/1936, R.A.Flock, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Sycamore Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 7/8/1981, J.C.S?????, light trap (3, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Sycamore Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 7/22/1981, J.C.Burne, (2, UAIC); AZ, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 7/27/1947, L.M.Martin, (1, HEH ); AZ, Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts. 5 mi. W of Portal, 6/15/1959, 5400’, L.A.Stange, (3, LACM); AZ, Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts. South Fork, Cave Creek Camp, 5/20/1966, L.M.Martin, (2, LACM); AZ, Cochise Co., 5 mi. W of Portal, 6/6/1959, L.A.Stange, (1, LACM); AZ, Cochise Co., San Bernardino Ranch 13 mi. E of Douglas, 6/12/1959, L.A.Stange, (6, LACM); AZ, Cochise Co., 2 mi. E of Portal, 1/17/1959, L.A.Stange, (1, LACM); AZ, Gila Co., E.Verde River, 7 mi. N of Payson, 10/26/1959, Truxal & Martin, (1, LACM); AZ, Pinal Co., Oak Flat Cpgd. off US60, 9/18/2010, 33.18.28N 111.03.10W, , Warner & Gruber, Bill Warner, head lamp and UV light, (2, HEH); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS Chiricahua Mts., 6/27/1960, 5400’, M.Cazier, (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS, 6/33/1993, L.R.Davis, Jr., (1, FSCA); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS Chiricahua Mts., 5 mi. SW of Portal, 8/16-20/2000, 31.54.02N 109.13.39W, 5400’, M.J.Yoder, at lights (1, TAMU); AZ, Santa Rita Mts., 7/7/????, genitalia figured H1920 (1, ANSP); AZ, Santa Rita Mts., 7/17/1932, R.H.Beamer, (1, ANSP); AZ, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 5/5/1948, L.M.Martin, (1, LACM); AZ, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 8/14/1949, L.M.Martin, (1, LACM); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 6/22/1955, 5800’, L.M.Martin, (1, LACM); AZ, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 8/20/1953, R.J.Ford, (1, LACM); AZ, Box Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 8/25/1949, L.M.Martin, (1, LACM); AZ, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 8/7/1952, Kirkwood & Reid, (1, LACM); AZ, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 8/18/1949, L.M.Martin, (1, LACM); AZ, Santa Rita Mts., 10/6/????, Univ. of Kan Lot 968 (2, ANSP); AZ, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 7/27/1947, L.M.Martin, (1, LACM); AZ, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 8/7/1947, L.M.Martin, (2, LACM); AZ, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 9/2/1952, L.M.Martin, (1, LACM); AZ, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 9/2/1953, L.Martin, (1, LACM); AZ, SWRS 5 mi. W of Portal, Chiricahua Mts., 6/7/1947, 5400’, J.W.Green, (1, CAS); AZ, Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., floor of Carr Canyon, 8/8-9/1952, 5400’, Leech & Green, (1, CAS); AZ, Sawmill Canyon, Hualapai Mts., 9/10/1919, O.C.Poling, (2, ANSP); AZ, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 7/26/1955, F.X.Williams, (2, CAS); AZ, Pima Co., 7/27/1927, R.H.Beamer, (1, ANSP); AZ, Peppersauce Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 8/10/1924, J.O.Martin, (1, CAS); AZ, Peppersauce Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 8/15/1924, E.P.VanDuzee, (4, CAS); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/4/1940, L.A.Liporsky, (1, ANSP); AZ, Prescott, 8/21/1917, J.A.Kusche, (1, ANSP); AZ, Santa Rita Mts., E.A.Schwarz, (2, USNM); AZ, Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 8/9/1940, E.S.Ross, (2, CAS); AZ, Portal, 6/17/1956, O.L.Cartwright, (1, USNM); AZ, Ft.Grant, H.G.Hubbard, (2, USNM); AZ, Globe, 8/6/1959, J.Helfer, (1, USNM); AZ, Globe, 8/12/1958, D.K.Duncan, (1, USNM); AZ, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 6/17/1898, E.A.Schwarz, (1, USNM); AZ, Huachuca Mts., (1, USNM); AZ, Benson, (1, HEH ); AZ, Santa Rita Mts., 7/26/1925, (1, USNM); AZ, Oracle, (1, USNM); AZ, Pima Co., Stratton, Santa Catalina Mts., 7/27/1917, 6-7000’, Wheeler, (1, USNM); AZ, Huachuca Mts., (2, USNM); AZ, Yavapai Co., Bloody Basin, 9/18/1947, F.H.Parker, (1, HEH); AZ, Yavapai Co., 4 mi. N of Granite Dells, 7/12/1970, L.M.Martin, (3, LACM); AZ, Yavapai Co., Yarnell, Weaver Mts., 6/10/1937, L.K.Gloyd, 110, taken at light (1, UMMZ); AZ, Oracle, 6/16/1967, R.Rice, under stone (3, UAIC); AZ, Bisbee, 10/15/1959, J.M.Kraft, (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/18/1964, 4700’, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Catalina Mts., ?/?/1917, 5500’, Cornell U. Lot 892 Sub. 146 (1, CUIC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 7/10-26/1964, 5100’, D.R.Davis, (1, USNM); AZ, Pima Co., Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 5/16/1963, 4400’, J.G.Franclemont, (1, CUIC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/20/1953, D.J. & J.N. Knull, (1, FSCA); AZ, Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 6/18-23/1962, 5000’, F.Werner, UV light trap (1, UAIC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 7/4/1979, R.H.Crandall, (1, LACM); AZ, Gila Co., Payson, 7/30/1988, 5000’, C.D.Ferris, (1, FSCA); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/16/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 7/3/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (4, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/7/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. S of Portal, 7/31/1965, 4800’, Davidson, Davidson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 7/2/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 6/27/1949, D.J. & J.N. Knull, (3, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/5/1949, D.J. & J.N. Knull, (1, FSCA); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/9/1959, D.J. & J.N. Knull, (2, FSCA); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/23/1959, D.J. & J.N. Knull, (1, OSUC); AZ, Prescott, 8/22/1917, O.C.Poling, (1, ANSP); AZ, Prescott, 7/14/1904, Kunze, genitalia figured H1920 (1, ANSP); AZ, Prescott, 7/18/1904, Kunze, (2, ANSP); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 6/15/1939, D.J. & J.N. Knull, (1, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 6/27/1949, D.J. & J.N. Knull, (2, OSUC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Sycamore Canyon, 7/3/1974, D.G.Marqua, (1, LACM); AZ, Cochise Co., South Fork, Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mts., 6/1/1964, 5000’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, (1, ASUT); AZ, Stewart For.Camp, Cave Creek Canyon, Chiricahua Mts., 9/13-14/1952, B.Malkin, (1, USNM); AZ, Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 2/25-28/1964, R.F.Sternitsky, (2, PMNH); AZ, Cochise Co., Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 9/3/1964, R.F.Sternitsky, (1, PMNH); AZ, Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 6/24/1980, C.A.Olson, (1, UAIC); AZ, Miller Canyon at Tombstone, Huachuca Mts., 6/6/1964, 5800’, J.Burger, (1, UAIC); AZ, Cochise Co., 9 mi. S of MacNeal, 8/30/1958, D.D.Linsdale, (2, FSCA); AZ, Huachuca Mts., 7/20/1937, D.J. & J.N. Knull, (2, OSUC); AZ, Montezuma Pass, Huachuca Mts., 7/6/1956, 6600’, O.L.Cartwright, (1, USNM); AZ, Huachuca Mts., 8/19/1950, D.J. & J.N. Knull, (2, OSUC); AZ, Pima Co., Santa Rita Mts. N end, Rosemont area, McCleary Canyon, 7/15/1975, 5200’, Busacca & Olson, Anamax Mine Inventory, UV light (3, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Santa Rita Mts. N end, Rosemont area, Barrel Canyon, 9/10/1975, 4600’, Busacca & Olson, Anamax Mine Inventory, UV light (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Florida Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 5/20/1978, M.W.Hetz, (1, UAIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 8/29-9/3/1974, J.D.Pinto, (1, UCRC); AZ, Oracle, (1, ANSP); AZ, Graham Co., Dripping Spring, Whitlock Mts., 8/5/1976, D.G.Chandler, Arenivaga sp. Det. D.G.Chandler (1, UAIC); AZ, Graham Mts., Noon Creek, 8/1/1957, G.D.Butler, (4, UAIC); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/27/1963, A.Raske, (1, EMEC); AZ, Cochise Co., Cave Creek Ranch, Portal, 8/1-3/1972, E.G.Linsley, (1, EMEC); AZ, Bog Springs Cpgd., Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 8/1-3/1975, Menke & Pulawski, (3, USNM); AZ, Pima Co., Bog Springs Cpgd., Madera Canyon, 7/10/1976, Doug Whitman, #575, black light (2, EMEC); AZ, Palmerlee, Banks, erratica (1, MCZ); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Madera Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., 7/4/1979, R.H.Crandall, (1, LACM); AZ, San Bernardino Ranch 20 mi. E of Douglas, 7/7/1947, E.R.Tinkham, E.R.T., at light, (2, HEH); AZ, Maricopa Co., Wickenberg, 6/14/1963, J Doyen, (1, EMEC); AZ, Maricopa Co., Wickenberg, 8/20/1938, DJ & JN Knull, (1, OSUC); AZ, Cochise Co., Guadalupe Canyon 29 mi. E of Douglas, 8/15-16/1972, J Doyen, Black light trap (2, EMEC); AZ, Cochise Co., Chihuahua Mts. Tex Canyon, 9/8/1927, 5-600 ft., JA Kusche, (1, CAS); NM, Hidalgo Co., Cienega Lake, 12.2 mi. N of jct. Portal Rd. & Hwy. 80, 8/9/1973, SI & SL Frommer, UV light, 7.20-10.30 pm (1, UCRC); NM, Cave Creek, 7/3/1947, H.S.Wallace, (2, SEMC); NM, Hidalgo Co., Cienaga Ranch nr. Rodeo, 7/12/1948, C & P Vaurie, (1, AMNH); NM, Hidalgo Co., Pelencio Mts., 7/23/1981, Olson & Thomas, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Mt. Lemmon RA, Catalina Hwy. milepost 11.3, 6/11/2012, 32 22 21.0, 110 41 40.2, 5840 ft., DB Weissman, pine forest and shrubs (2, HEH); AZ, Mohave Co., Hualapai Mt. Rd. E of Kingman, milepost 12.5, 6/13/2012, 35 05 26.9, 113 52 17.8, 6000 ft., DB Weissman, pines, (1, HEH); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., Cave Creek Cnyn., Stewart Campground, 8/7/1974, GH Nelson, (1, FSAC); NM, Virden, 6/26/1963, R Enzie, (1, NMSU); AZ, Cochise Co., Tex. Can., 10/24/1958, 4600’, G & A Ferguson, (1, FSAC); AZ, Cochise Co., Tex. Can., 10/5/1960, GR Ferguson, (1, FSAC); AZ, Cochise Co., nr. Double Adobe, 6/28/1977, S McCleve, lite (1, FSAC); AZ, Cochise Co., near Fairbanks, 6/29/1973, S McCleve, lite (1, FSAC); AZ, Cochise Co., San Pedro R, nr. Fairbanks, 6/29/1973, S McCleve, lite (1, FSAC); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS 5 mi W Portal, 5/2/1967, 5400’, VD Roth, (1, SWRS); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS 5 mi W Portal, 7/8/1964, VD Roth, Arenivaga infuscata (Caud) (1, SWRS); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS 5 mi W Portal, 5/23/1964, VD Roth, (1, SWRS); AZ, SWRS, 5/12/1956, (1, SWRS). Determiner label Arenivaga apacha Hopkins 2011” [white label with black border].

Arenivaga apacha is found in in the entire southeastern portion of Arizona and northwestwards from there. The appearance on the map that the distribution ends at the Mexican and New Mexican borders is without doubt a collection artifact. See Fig. 23.

Arenivaga apacha may be diagnosed by forward and backward facing spines, one on each end of the medial margin of the right dorsal phallomere. There is also a prominent spine on the right ventral phallomere. See Fig. 22.

Male. NB: Ventral surface of holotype shellacked. Measurements. Holotype TL = 20.9 mm, GW = 9.7 mm, PW = 6.07 mm, PL = 4.27 mm, TL/GW = 2.15, PL/PW = 0.70. EW = 0.40 mm; OW = 0.40 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 16.7–23.0 mm; range of GW 7.3–10.4 mm; range of PW 5.06–6.30 mm; range of PL 3.98–4.90 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.35 × 0.25 mm); vertex medium brown, with small ridges between apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, medium brown. Frons light brown, concave with occasional very long setae; bound on either side by ridges extending from inner apex of ocelli outwards to lateral edges of clypeus. Anterior portion of frons light brown, bulbous; clypeal suture demarcates light brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 21d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent waxy beige, often only along anterior margin depending on specimen with remainder of pronotum medium orange-brown; variable length orange-brown setae along anterior margin; dorsal surface of pronotum covered with short orange-brown setae; pronotal pattern “panther face” ranging from light brown through every shade of orange-brown and brown with many shades of aura, usually extensive, depending on specimen; detail ranges from clear to indiscernible. See Fig. 21c.

Body. Wing brace present. Legs and body light orange-brown; subgenital plate light orange-brown; asymmetrical with posterior edge emarginated, rounded apices. See Fig. 21b.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex (up to ~40% of total wing length); dark-orange brown densely blotchy; majority of specimens with medium to dark brown or orange-brown densely blotchy wings; occasional specimens light or very dark, or with uniform coloration; surface opaque and matte. See Fig. 21a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous lightly sclerotized narrow hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field broad, slightly sclerotized; medial margin heavily sclerotized, sinuous, with toothed edge; long posteriorly projecting spine and shorter anterior spine; anterior spine of varying sizes depending on specimen. Teeth along medial edge may be variously lengthened depending on specimen. Small central sclerite deeply concave, punctate, with medially projecting punctate lobe on ventral end. Right ventral phallomere extends from articulation into smooth lobe with prominent medially projecting spine at posteroventral corner; increasingly punctate and sclerotized anteriorly; after narrow gap, wide rounded concave shagreened arm extending beyond the depth of rest of phallomere. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere narrow, trifold, punctate, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook (missing from holotype) with moderate extension to pointed head with slight concavity on moderate hook; arm narrow and smoothly curved. See Fig. 22.

Arenivaga apacha dig shelves in the mounds of Dipodomys spectabilis which they then line with materials taken from the mounds of the kangaroo rats (Cohen and Cohen 1976). They were also observed to cache seeds acquired from the rodent mounds, most particularly Atriplex seeds. When Cohen and Cohen measured the temperature of the cockroach shelves they were found to remain at an average of 16.5 degrees Celsius when the surrounding surface soil temperatures were as high as 60 degrees Celsius and never lower than 30 degrees Celsius. Additionally the humidity in the lined cockroach shelves was never found to be lower than 91% while that of the surrounding burrow was as low as 20%. This species of Arenivaga has found a way to create an ideal temperature and humidity controlled environment in an otherwise harsh climate. They also use the materials collected by the kangaroo rats for a larder.

MEXICO, BCS, 7 mi SW La Paz.

Holotype: ♂ in EMEC labeled “MEX: Baja Calif. Sur, La Paz, 7 mi. SW, VIII-2-66” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga apaeninsula Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (6): MEXICO: BCS, 7 mi SW of La Paz, 8/2/1966, Linsley, Chemsak & Hurd, at light (6, EMEC). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga apaeninsula Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

This species is named from the Latin meaning “from a peninsula” because all known specimens are from La Paz, BCS, Mexico.

This species is known only from the type locality in Baja California Sur, Mexico. See Fig. 26.

Arenivaga apaeninsula may be distinguished by the dense brown setae on the pronotum and dark red-brown pronotal pattern with no discernible detail. Its striking pronotum and restricted range combine to make it easily diagnosed. See Figs 24c and 26.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 16.1 mm, GW = 7.6 mm, PW = 5.48 mm, PL = 4.17 mm, TL/GW = 2.12, PL/PW = 0.76. EW = 0.50 mm; OW = 0.55 mm. No notable size differences among paratypes.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.35 × 0.25 mm); vertex light brown with narrow dark brown band around apex of eyes and ocelli; with small ridges in rays around upper apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, dark brown, light brown medially. Frons medium brown; posterior tectiform horizontally; anterior portion of frons bulbous, medium brown fading to light brown anteriorly; narrow light brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 24d.

Pronotum. Pronotum small, opaque waxy white; dorsal surface of pronotum with dense brown setae that are thicker and longer laterally; pronotal pattern dark red-brown “panther face”, not impressed, with no discernible detail; scattered brown freckles bordering pronotal pattern; no aura. See Fig. 24c.

Body. Wing brace absent. Legs and body light brown; large dark brown maculations on ventral surface of procoxa; medium brown maculations at proximal end of meso and meta femurs, located ventrally and wrapping dorsally; scattered medium brown maculations on mesocoxa. Sternites with dark brown maculations laterally on each; subgenital plate light brown with darker border and rounded apices. See Fig. 24b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (~30% of wing length); medium to dark brown blotches; surface opaque and matte. See Fig. 24a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of lightly sclerotized, bulbous pointed lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized. Small central sclerite so slight and transparent as to be virtually non-existent, unmodified. Articulation between right phallomere dramatically modified with smooth rounded knob posteriorly extending into raised ridge and then to shagreened or toothed flange anteriorly; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form shagreened rounded structure; after moderate gap, wide toothed flange with central concavity and rounded apices that extends to depth of rest of phallomere. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere dramatically modified into 3D triangle with rounded edges and concave surfaces; medial surface has deep concave dimple. Genital hook a wide sweeping curve with straight arm. See Fig. 25.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

MEXICO, Morelos, 7.3 mi S of Yautepec.

Holotype: ♂ in SEMC labeled “MEXICO Morelos, 7.3 mi. S. Yautepec, 3000’, 17 Aug. 1962, Ordway & Roberts, Arenivaga sp. nr. bolliana (Saussure) Det. F.W.Fisk ‘80” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga aquila Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (23): MEXICO: Guerrero, Xalitla, 8 km N of Mezala, 9/17-23/1982, 580 m, Powell & Chemask (1, EMEC); Guerrero, 2.1 mi. NW of Cacahuamilpa, 8/10/1980, Schaffner, Weaver & Friedlander (2, TAMU); Guerrero, 10.3 mi. S of Iguala, 7/23/1981, Bogar, Schaffner &Friedlander (2, TAMU); Guerrero, 6.2 mi. SW of Xochipala, 7/6/1987, 5670 ft., Kovarik & Schaffner (1, TAMU); Guerrero, Cacahuamilpa, 9/11/1964, B.Rotger (1, UCMC); Morelos, 7.3 mi. S of Yautepec, 7/30/1963, 3300 ft., GW Byers (6, SEMC); Morelos, Alpuvec, 8/18/1957, WW Gibson, HIERBA, Rockefeller Collection, return to Cantrell (1, UMMZ); Morelos, 6.7 mi. S of Yautepec, 7/29/1963, Naumann & Willis, Arenivaga nr. bolliana det. FW Fisk 1980, 135 (1, SEMC); Morelos, Canada de Lobo, 20 km E of Cuernavaca, 7/7/1981, EM Fisher (1, CSCA); Morelos, Barrio de las Piedras #37, Jiutepec, 7/1/1998, E Brambila, under a rock (1, FSAC); Morelos, Canada de Lobo, 9/18/1964, B.Rotger (1, UCMC); Morelos, Iguala, Arenivaga nr. or = rehni teg:miaculat. as in grata det. Hebard 1931 (1, ANSP); Guerrero, Coacoyula, 10/24/1942, WF Foshag (2, USNM); Morelos, Barrio de las Piedras #37, Jiutepec, 6/28/1998, J Brambila, flying (1, FSAC); Morelos, Jojula, ?/?/1929, JJ White, Hebard Collection (1, ANSP). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga aquila Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is an adjective in the nominative singular. This species is named from the Latin meaning dark-colored or swarthy because of its very dark color.

This species is found in the states of Morelos and Guerrero, Mexico. See Fig. 29.

Arenivaga aquila may be distinguished by the small ridge projecting from the ventrolateral edge of the folded portion of the left phallomere. See Fig. 28.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 19.1 mm, GW = 8.4 mm, PW = 6.00 mm, PL = 4.17 mm, TL/GW = 2.27, PL/PW = 0.70. EW = 0.15 mm; OW = 0.40 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 18.0–21.5 mm; range of GW 8.2–10.1 mm; range of PW 5.60–6.74 mm; range of PL 3.94–4.59 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.40 × 0.30 mm); vertex dark brown, with small ridges between apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, dark brown, with two small oval indentations. Frons light brown; posterior concave; anterior portion of frons bulbous but much less so than in most species, light brown; light brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 27d.

Pronotum. Pronotum with translucent waxy beige anterior margin; aura so extensive that remainder of pronotum dark orange-brown and dark brown; pronotal pattern impressed “panther face”, difficult to discern. See Fig. 27c.

Body. Wing brace absent. Legs and body medium orange-brown; subgenital plate orange-brown; strongly asymmetrical with angular apices. See Fig. 27b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (up to ~40% of wing length); blotchy dark brown to solid dark brown depending on specimen; surface matte and opaque. See Fig. 27a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of lightly sclerotized, short, narrow, bulbous lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized, cupped; with narrow medial edge more sclerotized, punctate, ending anteriorly in small shagreened flange. Small central sclerite lightly sclerotized, finely punctate, flat of no discernible shape, posterior end connecting with dorsal side of right dorsal phallomere. Right ventral phallomere arises from deep articulation to form large punctate flattened medially projecting lobe; becoming wider and more sclerotized anteriorly; after narrow gap, wide shagreened flange. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere wide, setose, closed at both ends, with small nipple at one end of fold, and rough-edged, flattened projection offset at an angle from other end. Genital hook with short extension to rounded head and short hook; arm robust and smoothly curving. See Fig. 28.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

USA, California, San Bernardino Co., Granite Mountains, Cottonwood Wash.

Holotype: ♂ in LACM labeled “CALIF: San Bdno. Co., Granite Mts., #148623, Cottonwood Wash, 4000’ T9N, R13E, SE cor. S.31, 14-15 September 1990, J.P. & K.E.S. Donahue “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga belli Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (83): USA: CA, San Bernardino Co., Mescal Range, ~2 air mi S of Mountain Pass, 7/10/1982, 4900 ft., JP & KE Donahue (2, LACM); CA, San Bernardino Co., Keystone Canyon, New York Mts., 9/3/1959, FP Sala (4, LACM); CA, San Bernardino Co., Mex.Well, Ivanpah Mts., 9/1/1945 (2, LACM); CA, San Bernardino Co., New York Mts., 8.5 mi S of Ivanpah, 9/11-12/1955, 5000 ft., CD MacNeill (2, EMEC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Granite Mts., Cottonwood Wash, 9/14-15/1990, 4000 ft., JP & KE Donahue (2, LACM); CA, San Bernardino Co., New York Mts., 9/11/1911?, RC Osburn (1, FSCA); CA, Lone Pine, 7/28/1940, DE Hardy (1, SEMC); CA, Kern Co., Shafter, 8/4/1957, LA Stange (1, LACM); UT, Kane Co., 5 mi N and 40 mi E of Kanab, 3/?-9/?/1985, D Giuliani, Antifreeze pit trap (1, CSCA); UT, Hanksville, WD Stanton (1, SDMC). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga belli Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the genitive case. This species is named for the late Dr. William Bell, who spent much time exploring the chemical ecology of social insects such as cockroaches and co-authored “Cockroaches: Ecology, Behavior and Natural History”.

This species is distributed from Lone Pine, CA in the west to Hanksville, UT in the north and east, and the Rice Dunes in the south. See Fig. 32.

Arenivaga belli is average in size and color for Arenivaga and very similar to Arenivaga nalepae and Arenivaga milleri. Arenivaga belli has the same right ventral phallomere as Arenivaga milleri (see Figs 31 and 103); it has a right dorsal phallomere very similar to Arenivaga nalepae in its medial margin, but the hook-shaped bulges are quite different (see Figs 31 and 112). Therefore a combination of the right dorsal phallomere and angular hook-shaped bulge as shown in Fig. 31 are what distinguish Arenivaga belli.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 19.2 mm, GW = 9.4 mm, PW = 5.47 mm, PL = 3.66 mm, TL/GW = 2.04, PL/PW = 0.67. EW = 0.2 mm; OW = 0.3 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 17.7–21.2 mm; range of GW 7.6–9.4 mm; range of PW 5.32–6.38 mm; range of PL 3.66–4.33 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.40 × 0.30 mm); vertex medium brown with small ridges in rays around upper apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, medium brown, with two deep set dimples medial to inner apex of ocelli; with two smaller dimples anterior to those which may be very hard to see; rugose in some specimens. Frons light brown fading to waxy white towards margin with clypeus; concave with small vertical corrugations. Clypeus waxy white and bulbous; ends in broad flat anteclypeus of same color. See Fig. 30d.

Pronotum: Pronotum translucent, waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with short fine orange-brown setae centrally and posteriorly grading to longer, thicker setae laterally and anteriorly; pronotal pattern orange-brown “panther face” with little discernible detail in most specimens; no aura. See Fig. 30c.

Body. Wing brace present. Legs and body light orange-brown, subgenital plate with darker margin, strongly asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 30b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (~40% of wing length); color uniform brown, to blotchy brown; surface matte and opaque. See Fig. 30a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous lightly sclerotized hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field broad, lightly sclerotized; medial margin heavily sclerotized, shagreened, with toothed edge extending into short spine near distal end. Small central sclerite flat and finely punctate with posteriorly projecting, shagreened crescent with elevated and toothed arms; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form rounded punctate structure at posterior apex but with shagreened corrugations at anterior apical end, followed by smaller offset shagreened projection, narrow gap, and rounded concave angled arm extending beyond depth of rest of phallomere. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere setose, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with long extension to pointed head with slight concavity on short hook; arm smoothly curved. See Fig. 31.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

(294). USA: TX, Abilene, 8/7/1973 (1, UCRC); TX, Uvalde Co., Garner S.P. 8 mi. N of Concan, 10/2-4/2002, 1800’, J.B.Heppner (2, FSCA); TX, Gillespie Co., Lange’s Mill, 6/5/1969, Board & Hafernik (1, TAMU); TX, San Ygnacio, 10/10/1999, W.F.Chamberlain (2, TAMU); TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 9/5/1964, W.F.Chamberlain (4, TAMU); TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 9/19/1964, W.F.Chamberlain (1, TAMU); TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 9/19/1962, W.F.Chamberlain (2, TAMU); TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 9/24/1998, W.F.Chamberlain (1, TAMU); TX, Kerr Co., 4 mi. N of Kerrville, 6/11/2004, W.F.Chamberlain (2, TAMU); USA, TX, Kerr Co., 4 mi. N of Kerrville, 6/4/2004, W.F.Chamberlain, (1, TAMU); USA, TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 9/16/2001, W.F.Chamberlain, (1, TAMU); USA, TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 8/9/1988, W.F.Chamberlain, (2, TAMU); USA, TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 6/16/1997, W.F.Chamberlain, (2, TAMU); USA, TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 10/16/1996, W.F.Chamberlain, (1, TAMU); USA, TX, Kerr Co., 6 mi. N of Kerrville, 8/17/1996, W.F.Chamberlain, (1, TAMU); USA, TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 3/25/2000, W.F.Chamberlain, (1, TAMU); USA, TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 6/2/1997, W.F.Chamberlain, (1, TAMU); USA, TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 9/20/1960, W.F.Chamberlain, (1, TAMU); TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 5/11/1992, W.F.Chamberlain, (1, TAMU); TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, Guadalupe R., 5/25/1983, Olson, Thomas & Burne, (2, UAIC); TX, Coryell Co., Mother Neff S.P., 12 mi. W of Eddy, 7/17/1962, U KS Mex. Exped., (1, SEMC); TX, Morris Co., 8/22/1960, Cohn & Triplehorn, (1, FSCA); TX, Brazos Co., 11/11/1959, (1, TAMU); TX, Leon Co., 5 mi. N of Flynn, 5/25/1995, E.G.Riley, (1, TAMU); TX, Leon Co., . 5 mi. SW of Oakwood, 6/29/2000, 31°34'7"N, 95°51'42"W, Godwin & Riley, (1, TAMU); TX, Leon Co., 5 mi. N of Flynn, 5/27/1994, E.G.Riley, (1, TAMU); TX, Maverick Co., Q.L.Nguyen, (1, TAMU); TX, Leon Co., 4 mi. NW Normangee, 9/27-10/6/2001, 31°04'N, 96°09'W, J.Yantis-59, (2, TAMU); TX, Leon Co., 5 mi. N of Flynn, 5/24/1994, E.Riley, (3, TAMU); TX, Wood Co., ca. 15 mi. N of Hawkins, 4/29/2000, 32°98'42"N, 95°10'04"W, W.Godwin, (3, TAMU); TX, Wood Co., Hawkins, 4 mi. N Jct 14 & 2869, 6/8-22/1996, W.Godwin, (1, TAMU); TX, Wood Co., ca. 18 mi. N of Hawkins, 5/14/1999, Yoder & Godwin, (1, TAMU); TX, Henderson Co., Cross Roads, 5/31/2001, E.G.Riley, (1, TAMU); TX, Dimmit Co., 9/10/1933, S.E.Jones, (1, ANSP); TX, Burleson Co., Lake Somerville, 8/9/1979, P.W.Kovarik, (1, TAMU); TX, Comal Co., Bulverde, 6/15-16/1996, Warner & Wappes, Bill Warner, (1, WB Warner); TX, Kleberg Co., 1 mi. SE of Kingsville, 6/9/1989, Schaffner, (1, TAMU); TX, Kleberg Co., Kingsville, C.T.Reed, (1, CUIC); TX, Anderson Co., Engeling WMA, 6/3/1995, E.G.Riley-130, (1, TAMU); TX, Three Rivers, 6/27/1938, D.W.Craik, (1, ANSP); TX, Kleberg Co., Kingsville, C.Reed, (1, ANSP); TX, San Patricio Co., Corpus Christi Lk. S.P., 8/18/1963, G.W.Byers, (2, SEMC); TX, Uvalde Co., 5/19/1918, J.C.Bradley, (1, ANSP); TX, Big Bend Reg., Summer 1928, F.F.Bibby, (1, ANSP); TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 9/14/1990, W.F.Chamberlain, (1, TAMU); TX, LaSalle Co., Chaparral WMA, 9/29-30/1989, J.Schaffner, (5, TAMU); TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 9/4/1964, W.F.Chamberlain, (1, TAMU); TX, Dimmit Co., 7/29/? (2, TAMU); TX, Dimmit Co., Chaparral WMA, Pasture 10, 10/10/2000, Raber & Riley, (4, TAMU); TX, Edwards Co., 24 mi. S Junction, Hwy. 377, 4/10/2002, 30°15'15"N, 99°57'48"W, Riley & Yoder, (1, TAMU); TX, Medina Co., . 75 mi. S of D’Hanis, 9/17/1993, E.G.Riley, (8, TAMU); TX, Mason, 11/22/1969, B.L.Hofmann, (2, TAMU); TX, Chisos Mts., 6/30/1957, D.J. & J. N.Knull, (1, OSU); TX, Val Verde Co., Seminole Canyon SHA, 8/30/1986, East, Kovarik & Haack, (1, TAMU); TX, Val Verde Co., Seminole Canyon SHP, 6/3/1983, C.B.Barr, (1, EMEC); TX, Val Verde Co., Lake Walk near Del Rio, 5/27/1967, E.E.Remington, (1, PMNH); TX, Kerr Co., Kerrville, 5/28/1963, W.F.Chamberlain, (1, TAMU); TX, Nueces Co., Corpus Christi, Hardee’s on S Padre Island Dr., 6/29/1986, Weisman & Lightfoot, (1, CAS); TX, Hidalgo Co., Weslaco, 6/25/1979, G.W.Brooks, (1, TAMU); TX, Sinton, 8/31/1964, M.H.Sweet, (1, TAMU); TX, Hidalgo Co., Weslaco, 11/1/1940, P.T.Rihard, (2, TAMU); TX, San Patricio Co., Cd. Welder WA, 7/16/1989, J. Schaffner, (1, TAMU); TX, San Patricio Co., Corpus Christi SP, 7/12/1963, G.W.Byers & party, (1, SEMC); TX, San Patricio Co., Corpus Christi SP, 8/25/1962, H.R.Burke, (1, TAMU); TX, Brooks Co., 6 mi. S of Falfurrias, 10/10/1970, (1, TAMU); TX, Brooks Co., 7.3 mi. S of Falfurrias on hwy. 281, 4/27/1991, E.G.Riley, (1, TAMU); TX, Brooks Co., 7.3 mi. S of Falfurrias on hwy. 281 rest stop, 5/8/1989, E.G.Riley, (2, TAMU); TX, Milam Co., Sugarloaf Mt. 4 mi. N of Gause, 10/4-23/1992, 300’, Abbott, Godwin, Migura & Riley, (3, TAMU); TX, Milam Co., Sugarloaf Mt., 7/22/1992, 500’, Riley & Godwin, (1, TAMU); TX, Milam Co., 4 mi. N of Gause near Sugarloaf Mt., 4/18/1993, E.Riley, (1, TAMU); TX, Milam Co., Sugarloaf Mt., 5/30/1998, R.Turnbow, (1, FSCA); TX, Caldwell Co., 4.5 mi. E of McMahon, 6/2/1998, R.Turnbow, (1, FSCA); TX, Kenedy Co., 2.7 mi. S of Sarita, 4/27/1991, E.G.Riley, (1, TAMU); TX, Kenedy Co., Kenedy Ranch, Jaboncillos Pasture, sand dunes, 4/6-20/2001, 26°58'38"N, 97°40'59"W, Godwin & Riley, (2, TAMU); TX, Kenedy Co., Kenedy Ranch, Jaboncillos Pasture, sand dunes, 4/21/2001, 26°59'22"N, 97°40'11"W, Raber, Riley & Yoder, (1, TAMU); TX, Padre Island, 7/1/1965, Dr Lenczy, (1, LACM); TX, Bexar Co., Ebony Hill Res Station, 9/4/1984, Kendall & Kendall, (1, TAMU); TX, Bexar Co., Lab. Garden, 9/11/1970, R.O.Kendall, (1, TAMU); TX, Bexar Co., Ebony Hill Res Station, 5/11/1991, Kendall & Kendall, (1, TAMU); TX, Bexar Co., Ebony Hill Res Station, 11/1/1980, Kendall & Kendall, (1, TAMU); TX, Burnet Co., Inks Lake SP, 6/13/1972, J.S.Ashe, (1, TAMU); TX, Duval Co., 8.5 mi. (?) San Diego, 9/18/1993, E.G.Riley, (1, TAMU); TX, Kleberg Co., vicinity of Kingsville, C.Reed, (3, ANSP); TX, Austin, 8/15/1968, (1, UCRC); TX, McLennan Co., Waco, Texarcana, 5/11/1938, (1, ANSP); TX, Three Rivers, 6/27/1938, R.H.Beamer, (1, ANSP); TX, Shovel Mount, 9/5/1901(?), F.G.Schaupp, (1, ANSP); TX, San Antonio, 7/4/1953, E.S.Ross, (1, CAS); TX, Brownsville, June, (1, ANSP); TX, San Antonio, 7/7/1942, E.S.Ross, (1, CAS); TX, Waco, 7/1910(?), (1, MCZ); TX, San Antonio, Oct. 1942, E.S.Ross, (1, CAS); TX, Nueces Co., Clare (Hazel?) Bazemore Park, 4/10/1970, C.W.Griffin, (1, USNM); TX, Corpus Christi SP, 10/6/1951, A.B.Gurney, (2, USNM); TX, San Antonio, 4/1/1935, E.V.Walter, (1, USNM); TX, Zavalla Co., Nueces Riv., 6/2?/????, F.C.Pratt, (1, USNM); TX, Belfrage, (3, USNM); TX, Kerrville, 9/21/1951, A.B.Gurney, (2, USNM); TX, ?/?/1927, Clyde T. Reed, (1, USNM); TX, Bexar Co., Randolph Field, 10/4/1943, Pierce Brodkorb, (1, UMMZ); TX, Corpus Christi nr. Casa Blanca Lake, 12/17/1939, L.Berner, (1, UMMZ); TX, Ft. Sam Houston, 9/20/1950, J.E.Gentry, (1, UMMZ); TX, Burnet Co., Longhorn Cavern 11 mi. SW Burnet, 7/5/1959, 1200’, T.J.Cohn, (2, UMMZ); TX, Belfrage, H.S.Wallace, (1, UMMZ); TX, Dallas, C.V.Riley, (1, USNM); TX, Hidalgo Co., Edinburg, 4/?/1939, Stanley Mulaik, (3, UMMZ); TX, Cameron Co., Brownsville, 7/31-8/5/1912, (1, ANSP); TX, Austin, 10/?/1900, (1, UMMZ); TX, Kleberg Co., 3.5 mi. N Riviera, 6/29/1961, L.Westcott, (1, LACM); TX, Travis Co., 5 mi. NE Austin PO (WFBlair’s), 7/15/1955, 600-700’, T.J.Cohn, (6, USNM); TX, Goliad Co., 1 mi. S Goliad, 7/22/1955, 100’, T.J.Cohn, (4, USNM); TX, Belfrage, C.V.Riley, (1, USNM); TX, Belfrage [another illegible word], 9/?/1921, S.H.Scudder, (1, USNM); TX, Kerrville, ?/22/1908, F.C.Pratt, (1, USNM); TX, illegible label, S.H.Scudder, (1, USNM); TX, Brownsville, 12/2/1951, (1, USNM); TX, (1, USNM); TX, Austin, 6/4/1952, R.A.Stirton, (1, USNM); TX, Caldwell Lockhart SP, 4 mi. SW of Lockhart, 7/9/1955, 500-600’, Cohn & Matthews, (2, USNM); TX, Shovel Mount, 10/18/1901, F.G.Schaupp, (1, USNM); TX, Travis Co., ?/?/1931, J.K.G.Silvey, (1, UMMZ); TX, Dimmit Co., Catarina, 7/7/1948, Nutting & Werner, (1, UAIC); TX, Gonzales Co., Luling, 6/19/1953, M.Wasbauer, (3, EMEC); TX, Kenedy Co., Armstrong, 3/31/1962, H.Glick, (1, CSCA); TX, Kenedy Co., Armstrong, 6/13/1962, P.A.Glick, (2, CSCA); TX, Ringgold Barracks Schott, S.H.Scudder, (1, USNM); TX, Carrizo Springs, 8/28/1985, Dr. A Wadgynear, (1, USNM); TX, Sonora, 8/28/1924, O.G.Babcock, (1, USNM); TX, San Antonio, Fall 1947, H.C.Barnett, (1, USNM); TX, San Antonio, 8/8/1933, E.V.Walter, (1, USNM); TX, Mercedes, May 1034, Thayer, (1, USNM); TX, Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Grove Sanct., 10/20/1990, Carlow & Riley, (3, TAMU); TX, Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Grove Sanct., 7/26/1991, Riley & Carlow, (2, TAMU); TX, Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Grove WR, 10/18/2002, Raber & Riley, (1, TAMU); TX, LaFeria, 9/26/1963, P.T.Riherd, (1, TAMU); TX, Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Grove Sanct., 10/13-14/1988, E.G.Riley, (1, TAMU); TX, Cameron Co., LRGVNWR Voshell Unit, Brownsville, 6/5-6/2009, 25.88873°N, 97.43142°W, Heffern & Riley-1030, (4, TAMU); TX, LaFeria, 10/21/1959, P.T.Riherd, (1, TAMU); TX, Val Verde Co., 5/24/1948, Knull & Knull, (1, FSCA); TX, Val Verde Co., Comstock, 8/11/1975, Taylor & Sullivan, (4, LACM); TX, Langtry, Sept. 1979, H.Hartman, (1, MCZ); TX, Cameron Co., Brownsville, June, F.H.Snow, (1, ANSP); TX, Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Grove Ref. site 3, 9/18-10/2/2008, 25.84964°N, 97.41849°W, Lindgren FT, King & Riley-193, (2, TAMU); TX, Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Grove Ref. site 1, 9/3-18/2008, 25.84799°N, 97.41881°W, King & Riley, (1, TAMU); TX, Cameron Co., Brownsville, 6/21/1969, Board & Hafernik, (1, TAMU); TX, Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Grove Audubon Sanct., 5/5/1989, E.G.Riley, (1, TAMU); TX, Cameron Co., Brownsville, 12/9/1911, (1, ANSP); TX, Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Grove Sanct., 4/8/1994, E.G.Riley, (2, TAMU); TX, Val Verde Co., Seminole Canyon SHA, 8/30/1986, East, Kovarik &Haack, (3, TAMU); TX, Cameron Co., Esprza Rch Brownsville, 7/1/1930, (3, USNM); TX, Cameron Co., Brownsville, H.S.Barber, (2, USNM); TX, Cameron Co., Esprza Rch Brownsville, August, (2, USNM); TX, Uvalde Co., Speir Rch. 3 mi. NW Uvalde, 5/6/1977, Eichlin & Wasbauer, (1, CSCA); TX, Uvalde Co., Uvalde, 6/18/1920, Wickham, (1, USNM); TX, Maverick Co., Eagle Pass Horn., S.H. Scudder, (2, USNM); TX, Cameron Co., Brownsville, April, (1, USNM); TX, Cameron Co., 13.4 mi. E of Brownsville, 7/17/1962, (2, SEMC); TX, Hidalgo Co., Mission, 7/1/1961, R.L.Westcott, (1, LACM); TX, Cameron Co., Brownsville, 6 mi. N of PO, 8/20/1955, Bermler & Cohn, (4, UMMZ); TX, Hidalgo Co., Santa Ana WR, 7 mi. S of Alamo, 5/6/1967, A & M.E. Blauchard, (1, LACM); TX, Cameron Co., Esprza Rch Brownsville, 6/1/1915, (1, USNM); TX, Cameron Co., Brownsville, 5/1/1929, (5, USNM); TX, Cameron Co., Brownsville, Los Borregos, 6/5/1904, H.S.Barber, (2, USNM); TX, Cameron Co., Brownsville, 6/9/1962, P.A.Glick, (1, CSCA); TX, Cameron Co., Southmost, 6/13/1952, (1, SEMC); TX, Cameron Co., 8/3/1928, R.H.Beamer, (2, SEMC); TX, Cameron Co., Brownsville, 6/8/1920, R.D.Camp, (1, UMMZ); TX, San Antonio, at light on kitchen door at night, 6/13/1948, H.C.Barnett, (1, USNM); TX, Del Rio KOA, nite lite, 10/6/1974, (1, SDMC); TX, Las Paloma, 9/8/1968, Kirby & Phipps, (1, USNM); TX, Esprza Rch Brownsville, 8/1/1929, (1, USNM); FL, Gainesville, 9/10/1969, D.Bennett, (1, USNM); FL, Seminole, 10/?/1974, BJ Wyckoff, (1, MLBM); TX, Bexar Co., Leon Valley, 7/4/1968, GH & JM Nelson, (1, FSCA); TX, Lake Corpus Christi SP, 6/18/1971, GH Nelson, (2, FSCA); TX, Brewster Co., Big Bend NP near Pulliam Mtn., 8/16/1970, 6000 ft., RE Woodruff, (1, FSCA); TX, Travis Co., Austin, Breckenridge Field Lab, 10/6/1989, 550 ft., CR Nelson #5412, (1, MLBM); TX, Val Verde Co., Devils R, Dolan Falls, 8/5-7/1994, AM Hook & O Hernandez, (1, MLBM); TX, Uvalde Co., Garner SP, 6/17/1968, GH Nelson & family, (2, FSCA); TX, Dimmit Co., Chaparral WMA, 6/7-8/1992, AW Hook, (4, MLBM); TX, Starr Co., Falcon Heights, 10/9/1993, SM Clark, (1, MLBM); TX, Travis Co., BFL, 10/?/1997, SM Brandt, (1, MLBM); TX, Dimmit Co., Chaparral WMA, 8 mi W of Artesia Wells, 5/19/1999, 28.18.41N 99.24.25W, CR Nelson #6940, (1, MLBM); TX, Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Grove Sanctuary, 9/25/1996, SM Clark, (1, MLBM). MEXICO: Tamaulipas, Abasolo, 5/17/1952, Cazier, Gertsch & Schrammel, (2, AMNH); Tamaulipas, San Fernando, 8/26-27/1954, 700 ft., CD Michener & party, (5, SEMC); Tamaulipas, 8 mi. SW of Ciudad Victoria, 10/5/1958, 1500-2000 ft., TJ Cohn, (1, UMMZ); Tamaulipas, Hacienda Clementine 13 mi. ESE of Llera, 8/25/1955, 200 m, TJ Cohn, (1, UMMZ); Nuevo Leon, 16.5 mi. W of Linares, 7/22-24/1977, Peigler & Plitt, (1, TAMU); Nuevo Leon, 15 mi. W of Linares, 7/1-2/1973, Mastro & Schaffner, (1, TAMU); Tamaulipas, 12 mi. S of Nuevo Laredo, 7/9/1936, 400 ft., HR Roberts, (1, ANSP); Tamaulipas, Canon la Libertad, 4/4/1986, RW Jones, (1, TAMU); Nuevo Leon, Garza Garcia, 4/18/1955, L Ayola Jr., (1, UMMZ); Durango, near Pedricena, 8/27/1932, H Smith, (1, ANSP); Monterey, 12/12/1991, WF Chamberlain, (1, TAMU); Nuevo Leon, 17 km N of Sabinas Hidalgo, 5/24/1948, Nutting & Werner, (1, UAIC); Tamaulipas, 8 mi. E of Padilla Rancho Sta. Ana, 12/21/1941, Cantrell & Friauf, (2, UMMZ). Determiner label Arenivaga bolliana Hopkins 2011” [white label with black border].

Arenivaga bolliana is found across southern and eastern Texas and far northeastern Mexico. There are two isolated records in central and western Mexico, and two more in Florida. It is impossible to say if these are established populations or incidents of specimens transported by man or weather. It is hard to imagine four such incidences occurring and then the transported specimens being collected but it is remotely possible. See Fig. 35.

Arenivaga bolliana may be easily confused with Arenivaga grata. Both are large and dark in color, though the territory of Arenivaga grata is distinctly to the west of that of Arenivaga bolliana. Arenivaga bolliana may be diagnosed by the large angular right dorsal phallomere with very simple medial margin and no complexity in the point of articulation of the two right phallomeres. See Figs 35 and 73.

Male. NB: Holotype is half spread therefore GW is estimated. Measurements. Holotype TL = 24.6 mm, GW = 13.0 mm, PW = 8.64 mm, PL = 5.60 mm, TL/GW = 1.89, PL/PW = 0.65. EW = 0.40 mm; OW = 0.60 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 20.1–30.7 mm; range of GW 9.6–15.3 mm; range of PW 7.25–10.10 mm; range of PL 4.74–6.17 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.50 × 0.40 mm); vertex dark brown, with small ridges between apices of eyes; interocellar space concave, dark brown. Frons medium brown, tectiform, concave with fine horizontal corrugations; bound on either side by ridges extending from inner apex of ocelli outwards to lateral edges of clypeus. Anterior portion of frons medium brown, bulbous; clypeal suture demarcates medium brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 33d.

Pronotum. Pronotum with broad anterior margin of translucent waxy beige, extending and narrowing laterally; variable length orange-brown setae along anterior margin; dorsal surface of pronotum covered with short orange-brown setae; pronotal pattern impressed ranging from medium brown to very dark brown, all with extensive aura; no discernible detail. See Fig. 33c.

Body. Wing brace absent. Legs and body medium orange-brown; subgenital plate asymmetrical with posterior edge emarginated, rounded apices. See Fig. 33b.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex (up to ~30% of the total wing length); color ranges from light brown with virtually no blotches to every level of blotchiness to uniform dark brown depending on specimen; surface opaque and matte. See Fig. 33a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous lightly sclerotized wavy dorsally projecting lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field broad, slightly sclerotized; medial margin sclerotized, with toothed edge and slight central indentation. Small central sclerite finely punctate, folded lengthwise and attached dorsally. Right ventral phallomere extends from articulation into shagreened lobe with broad indentation at posterior end and medial concavity; after narrow gap, wide concave shagreened flange. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere of moderate width, setose, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with rounded head with moderate hook; arm smoothly curved. See Fig. 34.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

USA, California, Imperial County, 2 mi. NW of Glamis.

Holotype: ♂ in Essig labeled “CAL: Imperial Co., 2 mi. NW Glamis, III-29-77, Powell, on sand dunes” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga darwini Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (132): USA: CA, Imperial Co., Algodones Dunes, I8 at Ogilby Road, 3/7/1988, RE Woodruff, dunes at night (4, FSCA); CA, Imperial Co., 13 mi. SE of Glamis, 2/10/1972, AR Hardy, on sand dunes (1, UCRC); CA, Imperial Co., 2 mi. NW of Glamis, 3/29/1977, Powell, on sand dunes (20, EMEC); CA, Imperial Co., 3 mi. NW of Glamis, 4/3/1972, AR Hardy, sand dunes (1, UCRC); CA, Imperial Co., 1 mi. W of Glamis, ?/28/1965, ME Irwin, dunes (1, UCRC); CA, Imperial Co., 12 mi. W of AZ border, I10 dunes S of Ogilby exit, 2/27/1988, P Parrella, collected on sand dunes, Polyphagidae det. By P.Parrella 1988 (1, ASUT); CA, Imperial Co., 12 mi. W of AZ border, I10 dunes S of Ogilby exit, 2/27/1988, I Gallicano, collected on sand within 2 mi. of main road, Polyphagidae det. By Ian Gallicano 1988 (3, ASUT); CA, Imperial Co., 12 mi. W of AZ border, I10 dunes S of Ogilby exit, 2/27/1988, M Harding, Lying still on sand dunes, Polyphagidae det. By M Harding 1988 (1, ASUT); CA, Imperial Co., I10 0.5 mi. S of Ogilby Rd. exit, 2/27/1988, C Bagnoll, Lying still on sand dunes, Polyphagidae det. By C. Bagnoll 1988 (1, ASUT); CA, Imperial Co., 12 mi. W of AZ border, I10 dunes S of Ogilby exit, 2/27/1988, M Mustain, dunes at night, Polyphagidae det. By M.Mustain 1988 (1, ASUT); CA, Imperial Co., 12 mi. W of AZ border, I10 dunes S of Ogilby exit, 2/27/1988, R Shill, dunes at night, Polyphagidae det. By R Shill 1988 (1, ASUT); CA, Imperial Co., 12 mi. W of AZ border, I10 dunes S of Ogilby exit, 2/27/1988, L Davison, dunes at night (1, ASUT); CA, Imperial Co., 3.5 mi. NW of Glamis, 3/10/1973, Andrews & Hardy, on sand dunes (8, CSCA); CA, Imperial Co., Algodones Dunes, 7 mi. SE of Glamis, 3/25/-4/8/1979, 32.55.20N 114.59.14W, Site 4, dunes at night (2, CSCA); CA, Sand dunes E of Grays Well, 4/30/1952, ER Tinkham (2, USNM); CA, Imperial Co., Glamis sand dunes 5 mi. W of Ogilby, 5/29/1981, Werner, Olson, Hetz, Thomas, Burne, Frank, MacLachlan (1, UAIC); CA, Imperial Co., 3 mi. NW of Glamis, 4/4/1972, EA Kane, fluorescent black light (1, CSCA); CA, Imperial Co., 5 mi. W of Ogilby, 5/9/1959, V Roth (1, USNM); CA, Imperial Co., Imperial Sand Dunes RA, Wash Rd. ~7.2 mi. S of Hwy 78, 3/28/2002, 32.55.31N 114.58.52W, CB Barron, dunes at night (1, EMEC); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, ASU campus, stairwell of life science bldg., 7/12/1988, Polyphagidae det. By E Rocklin 1988 (1, ASUT); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 4/3/1959, L Anharal (1, UAIC); AZ, Yuma Co., lg.sand dunes SE of Yuma, 4/16/1994, 32.27N, 114.25W, WB Warner (1, WB Warner); AZ, Yuma Co., Mittry Lake boat launch, 2.5 mi. ??? of Laguna YPG, 11/27/1988, M Childs, Polyphagidae det. By M Childs 1988 (1, ASUT); AZ, Maricopa Co., 3 mi. SE of I10 on Ray Rd., 4/6/1988, KK Menze, empty fields dry soil, Polyphagidae det. By KK Menze 1988 (1, ASUT); AZ, dunes, 22 mi. E of San Luis, 6/1/1958 150 ft., ER Tinkham (20, USNM). MEXICO: Sonora, 27 mi. E of San Luis, 6/24/1957, ER Tinkham, dunes (2, USNM); Sonora, 10 mi. N of C. Sotelo near Bahia Adair, 3/13/1973, Andrews & Hardy, on sand dunes (10, CSCA); Sonora, 50 mi. SW of Sonoyta, 3/12/1973, Andrews & Hardy, on sand dunes (41, CSCA); BC, 4.9 mi. SW of Algodones Dunes, 3/25/1986, 32.48.734N 114.48.234W, RH McPeak, blacklight (1, EMEC). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga darwini Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the genitive case. This species is named for Charles Darwin.

This species is distributed in and around Yuma, AZ and vicinity and down the eastern coast of the Sea of Cortez. See Figure 38.

Arenivaga darwini sp. n. has one tarsal claw on each leg, unique to the genus.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 16.2 mm, GW = 9.8 mm, PW = 7.25 mm, PL = 4.45 mm, TL/GW = 1.65, PL/PW = 0.61. EW = 0.6 mm; OW = 0.5 mm. Among paratypes range in TL 13.1–17.3 mm; range in GW 8.6–10.9 mm; range in PW 5.55–7.67 mm; range in PL 3.5–4.45 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large and ovoid (0.40 × 0.30 mm); vertex golden; interocellar space concave, golden fading to white towards frons. Frons concave; clypeus bulbous, golden with no notable sculpturing or setae, ends in broad flat anteclypeus. See Fig. 36d.

Pronotum. Pronotum unusually broad relative to length, pale, waxy beige-gold; anterior half of dorsal surface of pronotum covered in fine pale setae; posterior half sparsely setose; pronotal pattern ranges in color from same waxy beige-gold of background, to white and orange-brown depending on specimen; pattern is foreshortened “koala face”, indiscernible detail; no aura. See Fig. 36c.

Body. Wing brace present. One tarsal claw present. Legs and body golden with white deposits of uric acid particularly visible on outer margins of forewings. Abdominal sternites end in conspicuous points on lateral edges. Subgenital plate dramatically asymmetrical with pointed apices. See Fig. 36b.

Forewings. Wings extend beyond abdominal apex (~25% of wing length); forewings shorter than hindwings; color pale iridescent gold and translucent to transparent. Long golden setae on lateral edges. See Fig. 36a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of large bulbous lightly sclerotized pointed lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; unmodified, covered in fine punctations. Small central sclerite consists solely of thin half circle of sclerotized material beginning midlaterally on right dorsal phallomere and sweeping around to rear of same phallomere; interior tissue of ring finely punctate. Right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form structure rounded at posterior apex and expanding to shagreened and more sclerotized area dorsally; attached anteriorly is an L-shaped shagreened lobe bordered by rolled shagreened lip. Left phallomere unmodified. Genital hook with long extension to pointed head with slight indentation on short hook; arm with distinct bend. See Fig. 37.

This species occurs in sparsely vegetated sand dunes that are extremely dry and hot. More than one specimen carried mites. All other life history elements remain unobserved.

USA, California, San Bernardino Co., Old Woman Mts.

Holotype: ♂ in LACM labeled “CALIF. S. Bdno. Co: nr Sunflower Wash, 3300 ft., Old Woman Mts., T5N R18E SW ¼ sec 5, 28-29 May ’88, JP and KES Donahue, 121578” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga delicata Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (23): USA: CA, Riverside Co., N of Blythe, 1/29/1966, D Park, under rock on ground, Cal.Dept.Agr.6687-25 (1, CSCA); CA, Kern Co., 1 mi S of Willow Spring, 10/4/1960, WE Ferguson, at light (1, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., 4 mi N of Blythe, 7/22/1975, Sumlin, Garcia & Drake, alluvial fan, UV light (1, UCRC); CA, Cottonwood Springs, 11/7/1950, ER Tinkham, red tag (1, USNM); CA, San Bernardino Co., Halloran Springs, 14 mi E of Baker, 4/15/1964, RL Langston (1, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., San Diego, GR Crotch (1, ANSP); CA, Riverside Co., 4 mi NW of Desert Center, 6/20/1956, M Wasbauer (1, EMEC); CA, Providence Mts., 4/12/1934, ML Walton, Collection of ML Walton donated to LACM 1975 (1, LACM); CA, San Bernardino Co., Needles, 5/31/1968, JC Lambert, light trap (1, CSCA); CA, San Bernardino Co., Needles, 5/10/1983, D Pendleton (1, SDMC); CA, Mono Co., White Mts., Coldwater Canyon, 4/21-11/15/1983, D Giuliani, antifreeze pit trap (1, CSCA); CA, Kern Co., Iron Canyon E of Garlock, 4/1/1961, CA Toschi (1, EMEC). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga delicata Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is an adjective in the nominative singular. This species is named delicata from Latin meaning delicate. Though not as short in total length as Arenivaga pumila or Arenivaga ricei it is one of the smallest and most delicate of the Arenivaga.

This species is distributed from Willow Spring, CA in the north and west to Blythe, CA in the south and east. See Fig. 41.

Arenivaga delicata is smaller than average for Arenivaga but may be confused with Arenivaga mortisvallisensis which has a sympatric distribution. Arenivaga delicata may be distinguished by the clamshell shape of the small central sclerite and the distinctive crossing band of teeth towards the anterior end. See Figs 40 and 109.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 17.7 mm, GW = 8.0 mm, PW = 4.76 mm, PL = 3.23 mm, TL/GW = 2.21, PL/PW = 0.68. EW = 0.40 mm; OW = 0.30 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 14.7–17.7 mm; range of GW 6.9–8.4 mm; range of PW 4.28–4.76 mm; range of PL 3.07–3.42 mm.

Head. Two ocelli very large, ovoid and protruding (0.4 × 0.3 mm); vertex dark brown with small ridges in rays around upper apex of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, smooth, medium brown; two round indentations medial to ocelli. Frons pale beige, concave; clypeus bulbous; pale beige anteclypeus. See Fig. 39d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent, waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with short fine light orange-brown setae centrally and posteriorly grading to longer, thicker setae laterally and anteriorly; pronotal pattern orange-brown “panther face” with no discernible detail; orange-brown posterior aura. See Fig. 39c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body light brown with darker brown maculations laterally on each sternite; subgenital plate light brown; asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 39b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (~45% of wing length); color golden with light to medium brown splotches depending on specimen; surface translucent and lustrous. See Fig. 39a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous lightly sclerotized hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized; medial margin short, shagreened with toothed margin. Small central sclerite shaped like clamshell, finely punctate with crossing band of teeth one third of distance from anterior end; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form rounded punctate structure; attached anteriorly is mildly dorsally projecting flanged arm, shagreened with roughly toothed edge. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere setose, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with short extension to pointed rounded head and short hook; arm smoothly curving. See Fig. 40.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

MEXICO, BCN, 10.1 mi W Catavina.

Holotype: ♂ in SDMC labeled “MEX: Baja California Norte, 10.1 mi W. Catavina, 24-28 Feb 1988, N. Bloomfield, [green dot]” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga diaphana Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (123): MEXICO: BCN, 6 mi N of Guerrero Negro 3/16/1981, Andrews & Faulkner, Collected on sand dunes at night (1, CSCA); BCN, 6 mi NW of Rancho Ynez, 1/?/1976, 29.43N, 114.43W, 1800 ft, D Ward (1, IMNH); BCN, 36 mi N of San Felipe, 4/18-21/1961, FS Truxal (1, LACM); BCN, Catavina Canyon, 6/1/1981, Werner, Olson, Hetz, Thomas, Burne, Frank, MacLachlan (1, UAIC); BCN, 10.1 mi W of Catavina, 2/24-28/1988, N Bloomfield, green dot (7, SDMC); BCS, 13 mi E of San Ignacio, 3/3/1947, ER Tinkham, mileage 63, 817, In pumacy soil by wolf spider hole (1, NMNH); BCN, Arroyo Catavina, 35 mi S of El Progreso, 4/2/1976, Doyen & Rudeblack, light trap (7, EMEC); BCN, El Crucero, 4/3/1976, J Doyen, sifting on sand dunes (1, EMEC); BCN, Punta San Fermin, 4/7-10/71, EL Sleeper, Collected at black light (1, CAS); BCN, Bahia San Luis Gonzaga, 4/3/1973, Doyen, Powell & Szerlip (1, EMEC); BCN, 6 mi. NW Rancho Santa Ynez, 1/?/1976, 29.43.N, 114.43W, 1800’, Dave Ward (1, IMNH); BCN, 22 mi. S of Catavina, 4/4/1982, Faulkner & Brown (10, SDMC); BC, Catavina, 4/13/1957, 29.43N, 114.40W, Farmer, (7, SDMC); BC, 2 mi. N of Catavina, 4/4/1935, 29.45, 114.40, CF Harbison (6, SDMC); BCN, 8 mi. NW of El Progreso, 4/17/1965, Cavagnaro, Ross & Vesterby (2, CAS); BCN, Diablito Canyon, east face Sierra San Pedro Martir, 4/5/1973, SL Szerlipat light (2, EMEC); BCN, 6 mi. NW Rancho Santa Ynez, 4/6/1977, 29.43N, 114.43W, 1800’, WH Clark, night, ex. Opuntia acanthocarpa (1, IMNH); BCN, Diablito Canyon, east face Sierra San Pedro Martir, 4/5-6/1973, J Powell, at light (1, CAS); BCN, San Pedro Martir Diablito Cyn., 3/26-27/1970, 2000’, Gruwell & Perkins, Collected at black light (4, CSLB); BC, Bahia de Los Angeles, 4/15/1947, 28.56 N, CF Harbison, (1 spec), Valle de Amarga (41 spcms.) (41, SDMC); BC, 51 mi. S of Catavina, Hwy. 1, 4/7/1982, Faulkner & Brown, (1, SDMC); BCN, 7 mi. N of Las Arrastras, 6/8/1967, Sleeper & Fisher, Collected at black light (1, CSLB); Lower Cal., Chapala Dry Lake, 6/21/1938, Michelbacher & Ross (1, CAS); Lower Cal., San Quintin, 6/7/1925, HH Keifer (1, CAS); BC, 4 mi. NW Rancho San Juan, 4/3-4/1961, AG Smith, under dung (1, CAS); BCN, 24 mi. N of Ba. San Luis Gonzaga, 4/14/1962, EL Sleeper, Collected at black light (1, CSLB); BCN, Ba. San Luis Gonzaga, 6/17/1970, A Tilzer, BL (1, CSLB); L. Calif., N end of Laguna Salada, 5/8/1939, ES Ross (15, CAS); Baja, N end of Laguna Salada, 5/8/1939, Ross & Michelbacher (4, CAS). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga diaphana Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is an adjective in the nominative singular. This species is named from the Greek meaning diaphanous, light, or fairy-like because of its diaphanous appearance.

This species is located in central to southern Baja California Norte, Mexico. See Fig. 44.

Arenivaga diaphana may be distinguished by the long serrated edge on the medial margin of the right dorsal phallomere and the deeply incised central field of the same. See Fig. 44.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 17.1 mm, GW = 8.5 mm, PW = 4.69 mm, PL = 3.73 mm, TL/GW = 2.01, PL/PW = 0.80 EW = 0.70 mm; OW = 0.30 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 15.5–17.9 mm; range of GW 6.2–7.6 mm; range of PW 3.78–4.69 mm; range of PL 2.88–3.71 mm.

Head. Two ocelli very large, ovoid and protruding (0.45 × 0.35 mm); vertex medium brown, with small ridges between apices of eyes and extending onto the ocellar tubercles; scattered small setae; interocellar space concave, medium brown. Frons light brown, concave with wide horizontal indentation posteriorly; anterior portion of frons light brown, bulbous; clypeal suture demarcates light brown anteclypeus; very wide labrum. See Fig. 42d.

Pronotum. Pronotum very small, translucent waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum covered with short pale gold setae that are longer and thicker laterally; pronotal pattern light yellow to dark brown “panther-face” depending on specimen, impressed, often with aura of a lighter shade. See Fig. 42c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body from light brown to dark brown depending on specimen; subgenital plate color matching body color; angular apices. Uniquely amongst Arenivaga, specimens of diaphana often have no genicular spines. See Fig. 42b.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex (up to ~50% of total wing length); particularly diaphanous with band of darker venation laterally; translucent dark brown and hyaline. See Fig. 42a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of a bulbous lightly scleritized hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field deeply emarginated anteriorly, remainder lightly scleritized; medial rim more heavily scleritized and toothed. Small right anterior dorsal sclerite attached to hook-shaped lobe of right dorsal phallomere posteriorly, punctate, with sinuous curve over toothed margin of right dorsal phallomere ending in a broad curve; small pointed extension projecting anteromedially from curve. Right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form smooth rounded lobe, increasingly punctate and scleritized anteriorly; after a wide gap a rounded anteriorly projecting curved concave shagreenous arm, with toothed outer surface. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere narrow, setose, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook has long extension to pointed head and short hook; arm narrow with distinct bend. See Fig. 43.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

MEXICO, Puebla, 12 mi S of Atlixco.

Holotype: ♂ in SEMC labeled “12 mi S Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico, VII-2-1953, 4900’, Univ. Kans. Mex. Expedition” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga dnopheros Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (8): MEXICO: Puebla, 3 mi. NW of Petlalcinqo, 8/29/1972, 4600 ft., Byers & Thornhill, Arenivaga nr. bolliana det. FW Fisk, 415 (2, SEMC); Puebla, 3 mi. SE of Petlalcingo, 10/6/1986, Miller & Stane (1, FSAC); Puebla, 13.7 mi. SW of Izucar de Matamoros, 7/31/1981, Bogar, Schaffner & Friedlander (1, TAMU); Puebla, 12 mi. S of Atlixco, 7/2/1953, 4900 ft., UK Mex. Expedition (2, SEMC); Puebla, 12 mi. NW of Petlalcingo, 7/3/1953, 4000 ft., UK Mex. Expedition (1, SEMC); Puebla, 11 mi. SE of Acatlan, 7/10/1952, Gilbert & MacNeil (1, EMEC). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga dnopheros Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is an adjective in the nominative singular. This species is named from the Greek meaning dark, gloomy or murky because of its very dark color.

This species is found in the state of Puebla, Mexico. See Fig. 47.

Arenivaga dnopheros is very similar to Arenivaga aquila. Arenivaga dnopheros has larger projection on the left phallomere than Arenivaga aquila. The anterior arm of the right ventral phallomere is also much more shagreened with pronounced central indentation. These two characters may be used to distinguish Arenivaga dnopheros. See Figs 46 and 28.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 21.9 mm, GW = 9.6 mm, PW = 6.34 mm, PL = 4.38 mm, TL/GW = 2.28, PL/PW = 0.69. EW = 0.25 mm; OW = 0.60 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 18.5–22.0 mm; range of GW 8.4–10.0 mm; range of PW 5.20–6.70 mm; range of PL 3.62–4.45 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.40 × 0.30 mm); vertex dark brown, with small ridges between apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space deeply concave, dark to medium brown, with <> shaped indentations. Frons medium brown; posterior concave but tectiform horizontally; anterior portion of frons bulbous but much less so than in most species, medium brown; narrow light brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 45d.

Pronotum. Pronotum with translucent waxy beige anterior margin; remainder of pronotum very dark orange-brown and dark brown; dorsal surface of pronotum with dense short orange-brown setae; pronotal pattern “panther face”, impressed; extensive dark aura. See Fig. 45c.

Body. Wing brace absent. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body medium orange-brown; subgenital plate orange-brown; strongly asymmetrical with posterior edge only slightly emarginated and rounded apices. See Fig. 45b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (up to ~40% of wing length); blotchy dark brown; surface matte or with very slight sheen and opaque. See Fig. 45a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of lightly sclerotized, narrow bulbous lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized, slightly cupped; with narrow medial edge more sclerotized, punctate, ending anteriorly in small shagreened knob. Small central sclerite lightly sclerotized, finely punctate, flat of nondescript shape, posterior end connecting with dorsal side of right dorsal phallomere. Right ventral phallomere arises from deep articulation to form large punctate lobe; anteriorly moderate gap followed by two dorsally projecting sclerotized heavily toothed folds. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere wide, setose, closed at both ends, with small nipple at one end of fold, rough-edged, flattened projection offset at an angle from other end. Genital hook with short extension to rounded head; short hook; arm robust. See Fig. 46.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

(565). USA: AZ, Pima Co., 4 mi. NNW Redington, 6/30/1962, Johnson & Smith, UV light trap (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson Mts., 8/2/1962, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (1, FSCA); AZ, Pima Co., 8 mi. W of Tucson on Hwy. 86, 7/8/1937, Stange & Harding, (1, FSCA); AZ, Pima Co., 16 mi. W of Tucson, 8/13/1988, (1, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson Mts., 8/2/1962, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (1, OSUC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., 10 mi. S of Patagonia, 5/27/1964, R.F.Sternitsky, (1, PMNH); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS 5 mi. W of Portal, 6/28/1963, 5400’, V.Roth, (1, USNM); AZ, Pima Co., Tumamoc Hill, Tucson, 6/19/1967, R.Rice, UV light trap (4, UAIC); AZ, Douglas, 7/2/1963, black light trap, 6318364 (1, USNM); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson Mt. Park, Caretaker’s House, 10/19/1981, S.Pechal, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Sonoran desert Museum, 8/5-8/1962, W.L.Nutting, light trap, Soman (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Sonoran desert Museum, 8/21-24/1962, W.L.Nutting, light trap, Soman (3, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Sonoran desert Museum, 8/1-4/1962, W.L.Nutting, light trap, Soman, (1, HEH); AZ, Pima Co., Sonoran desert Museum, 8/5-8/1962, W.L.Nutting, light trap, Soman, (2, HEH); AZ, Ft. Grant, ?/?/1882, C.V.Riley, (1, USNM); AZ, Cochise Co., 5131 Bannock Street, Pueblo Del Sol, Huachuca Mts., 9/24/1985, R.S.Wielgus, UV light trap (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., 5131 Bannock Street, Pueblo Del Sol, Huachuca Mts., 6/5/1985, R.S.Wielgus, UV light trap (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. NE of Portal, 9/7/1959, J.M.Burns, (1, EMEC); AZ, Cochise Co., 4 mi. E of Portal, 8/21/1971, J.Doyen, J.Doyen Lot #71H6 outside enclosures (1, EMEC); AZ, Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., Portal Ranger Station, 7/30/1966, 4950’, R.G.Beard, UV light trap (1, CUIC); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS, Portal, 9/5/1970, L.D. & M.D. Anderson, (1, UCRC); AZ, Cochise Co., Cave Creek Ranch, 8/21/1974, E.G. & J.M. Linsley, (1, EMEC); AZ, Pima Co., Peppersauce Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 8/17/1924, J.O.Martin, (1, CAS); AZ, Pima Co., Stratton, S Catalina Mts., 7/27/1917, 6-7000’, Wheeler, erratica (1, MCZ); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 11/2/1915, J.F.Tucker, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 7/12/1932, R.H.Beamer, (1, ANSP); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/17/1956, O.L.Cartweight, (1, USNM); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/18/1956, R. & K. Dreisbach, Dreisbach Collection return to Crandall (1, UMMZ); AZ, Benson, 9/?/1949, (1, EMEC); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/27/1963, A.Raske, at light (7, EMEC); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 7/18-9/1/1971, J.Doyen, pitfall trap, J.Doyen Lot #71G15 (2, EMEC); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. S of Portal, 8/11/1965, 4800’, Davidson, Davidson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. S of Portal, 6/23/1965, 4800’, Davidson, Davidson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. S of Portal, 7/2/1965, 4800’, Davidson, Davidson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. S of Portal, 7/18/1965, 4800’, Davidson, Davidson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. S of Portal, 7/7/1965, 4800’, Davidson, Davidson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. S of Portal, 7/16/1965, 4800’, Davidson, Davidson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. S of Portal, 7/23/1965, 4800’, Davidson, Davidson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. S of Portal, 7/8/1965, 4800’, Davidson, Davidson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. S of Portal, 7/5/1965, 4800’, Davidson, Davidson & Cazier, at light (2, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. S of Portal, 7/4/1965, 4800’, Davidson, Davidson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. S of Portal, 7/28/1965, 4800’, Davidson, Davidson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., 1 mi. S of Portal, 6/22/1965, 4800’, Davidson, Davidson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 8/25/1964, L.D.Anderson, light (1, UCRC); AZ, San Simon, 5/?/1907, Hubbard, (1, USNM); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/4/1917, L.A.Stange, UV light trap (1, LACM); AZ, Cochise Co., Douglas, 10/7/1955, Truxal & Martin, (1, LACM); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/15/1959, L.A.Stange, (1, LACM); AZ, Cochise Co., San Bernardino Ranch, 13 mi. E of Douglas, 6/12/1959, L.A.Stange, (2, LACM); AZ, Cochise Co., 7/20/1927, R.H.Beamer, (1, SEMC); AZ, Cochise Co., San Bernardino Ranch, 8/?/????, 3750’, F.H.Snow, (1, SEMC); AZ, Mescal, 7/28/1927, L.A.Anderson, (1, SEMC); AZ, Benson, 8/5-6/1947, E.R.Tinkham, E.R.T., (2, HEH); AZ, Benson, 7/4/1947, E.R.Tinkham, E.R.T., (1, HEH); AZ, Benson, 10/10/1947, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 7/16/1953, R.S.Beal, (1, EMEC); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 7/1/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (19, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/16/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (7, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/17/1864, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (5, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 7/2/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (6, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/21/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (2, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/10/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (3, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/28/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (4, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/7/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/12/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (2, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 8/23/1982, R.A.Cunningham, (2, PMNH); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/25/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (3, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/29/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/22/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (2, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 7/15/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/2/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/3/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/23/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (5, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/20/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (2, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/19/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 7/3/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (4, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 8/16/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (2, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 7/25/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 7/23/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS Portal, Chiricahua Mts, , 8/8/1968, L.D.Anderson, (1, UCRC); AZ, Cochise Co., US 666 4 mi. N of Sunsites, 8/16/1989, Skelley & Mason, street light (1, FSCA); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/26/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/24/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (2, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/15/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (4, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/14/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/13/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (4, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/27/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (2, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/9/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/8/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/11/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/18/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (2, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/5/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/4/1964, 4700’, Puckle, Mortenson & Cazier, at light (2, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 7/7/1967, (1, USNM); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 7/18/1973, S.Frommer, (1, UCRC); AZ, Cochise Co., Texas Canyon, L.Dragoon Mts., 7/22/1983, Olson & Burns, (2, UAIC); AZ, Cochise Co., 32 mi. E of Douglas, 8/18/1967, (1, USNM); AZ, Cochise Co., Douglas, 7/12/1971, S.McCleve, at light (1, UAIC); AZ, Cochise Co., San Simon, M.J.Westfall, at light, for report to Fla.Pl.Board (1, USNM); AZ, Paradise, 8/?/????, Wickham collection 1933 (1, USNM); AZ, Cochise Co., 4 km. SW of Benson, 6/4/1991, L.R.Davis, Jr., T17S R20E Sec.20 (2, FSCA); AZ, Benson, 8/2/1941, R.A.Flock, (1, UCRC); AZ, Benson, 7/2/1941, R.A.Flock, (1, UCRC); AZ, Benson, 6/19/1941, R.A.Flock, (1, UCRC); AZ, Benson, 7/24/1941, R.A.Flock, (1, UCRC); AZ, San Carlos Reservation, 6/30/1967, (1, USNM); AZ, Cochise Co., San Pedro Reservation near Hereford, 8/20/1994, C.A.Olson, (2, UAIC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 8/28/1962, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (2, FSCA); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/5/1949, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (1, FSCA); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS Chiricahua Mts., 8/25/1968, L.D.Anderson, at lights (1, UCRC); AZ, Pima Co., Santa Rita Mts., Sycamore Canyon, 6/29-7/8/1981, J.C.Burne, Anamax Survey, illegible (2, UAIC); AZ, Apache Co., Canyon De Chelly NM, 8/18/2005, N.Cobb, (1, NAUF); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 8/24/1962, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (2, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/14/1936, J.N.Knull, (3, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/15/1953, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (2, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 9/19/1947, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (1, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/22/1957, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (1, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/27/1957, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (2, OSUC); AZ, Huachuca Mts., 7/20/1937, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (1, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/22/1953, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (1, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/16/1959, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (1, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/29/1961, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (1, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 8/21/1962, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (1, OSUC); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 7/23/1959, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (1, FSCA); AZ, Santa Cruz Village, Cobabi Mts., 8/10-12/1916, 32.1N, 111.54W, 3100’, (1, ANSP); AZ, Douglas, F.H.Snow, (1, ANSP); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Badger, 7/31/1924, J.O.Mastio, (1, CAS); AZ, Chiricahua Mts., 6/3/1935, J.N.Knull, (1, OSUC); AZ, Prescott, 6/10/1902, Oslar, Homoeogamia erratica Paratype, genitalia figured H1920 (1, ANSP); NM, 10 mi. E of Deming, 7/12/1917, Cornell U. Lot 882, Sub.145 (1, CUIC); NM, Mesille Park, 7/12/1917, Cornell U. Lot 677, Sub 547 (1, CUIC); TX, Brewster Co., Hills W of Ord Mts., 8/1-15/1926, O.C.Poling, (2, ANSP); TX, Belfrage, (1, USNM); TX, Reeves Co., Pecos, 8/17/1935, T.H. & G.G.Hubbell, (1, UMMZ); TX, Brewster Co., Marathon, 9/26/1950, 4000’, Gertech & Cazier, (1, AMNH); TX, Culberson Co., Van Horn, 7/10/1948, C. & P. Vaurie, (2, AMNH); TX, Culberson Co., Van Horn, 7/10/1950, R.F.Smith, (4, AMNH); TX, El Paso Co., 7/17/1927, P.A.Radio, (1, SEMC); TX, Valentine, 7/12/1958, R.I.Sailer, (1, SEMC); TX, Valentine, 7/8/1917, (1, ANSP); TX, Hudspeth Co., McNary, 7/14/1948, Nutting & Werner, at light, mesquite area, W.L.N. (6, UAIC); TX, Terrell Co., Lester Canyon, 7/8/1948, 1360’, Nutting & Werner, at light desert, W.L.N. (4, UAIC); TX, Brewster Co., S.G.Ranch, 3/1-15/1926, O.C.Poling, (1, UMMZ); TX, Brewster Co., S.G.Ranch, 4/15-30/1926, O.C.Poling, (1, UMMZ); TX, Brewster Co., Terlingua, 5/3/1927, J.O.Martin, (1, CAS); TX, Brewster Co., Terlingua, 7/9/1994, W.F.Chamberlain, at light (1, TAMU); TX, Jeff Davis Co., Point of Rocks Rest Stop, 8/10/1992, Godwin & Riley, at UV light (1, TAMU); TX, Brewster Co., Hackberry Creek, Boquillas Road, 9/2/1912, Rehn & Hebard, one-figured H1917 (3, ANSP); TX, Brewster Co., Big Bend NP, Castalon area, Cottonwood Cpgd, 8/1/2003, 30.12.24N 103.14.14W, E.Riley, uv light (1, TAMU); TX, Brewster Co., Hills W of Ord Mts., 9/15-20/1926, O.C.Poling, (1, ANSP); TX, Brewster Co., Hills W of Ord Mts., ?/?/1928, O.C.Poling, (4, ANSP); TX, Brewster Co., Hills W of Ord Mts., 8/22-31/1926, O.C.Poling, (6, ANSP); TX, Brewster Co., Hills W of Ord Mts., 6/1-15/1926, O.C.Poling, (1, ANSP); TX, Brewster Co., Hills W of Ord Mts., 9/1-16/1926, O.C.Poling, (1, ANSP); TX, Davis Mts., 7/16/1946, E.C.VanDyke, (1, CAS); TX, Davis Mts., 5/27/1935, J.N.Knull, (1, OSUC); TX, Culberson Co., 3 mi. E of Van Horn, 8/14/1965, J.C.Schaffner, at light (1, TAMU); TX, Presidio, 9/5/1949, at light (3, USNM); TX, Culberson Co., Van Horn, 7/1/1947, B.Malkin, (2, USNM); TX, Presidio, 7/5/1945, Presidio 1334, lights on screen at residence, Lot No.45-16511 (2, USNM); TX, Presidio, 10/1/1947, lights at screen (1, USNM); TX, Presidio, 7/22/1944, lights at screen door (3, USNM); TX, Presidio, 6/6-20/1947, J.H.Russell, at light (2, USNM); TX, Presidio, 5/14/1944, (1, USNM); TX, Presidio, 3/14/1946, lights on screen at residence (1, USNM); TX, Presidio, 8/1/1953, at light (19, USNM); TX, Presidio, 3/26-5/15/1951, J.H.Russell, at lights (1, USNM); TX, Presidio, 2/18/1948, at light (4, USNM); TX, Presidio, May-June 1953, at light (38, USNM); TX, Presidio, 7/1-25/1951, at lights, Arenivaga apacha Sauss. Det.Gurney (2, USNM); TX, Presidio, 6/6/1957, J.H.Russell, at lights (1, USNM); TX, Presidio, 5/5/1945, at light (1, USNM); TX, 4 mi. N of El Paso, 8/30/1951, at lights (7, USNM); TX, Presidio, 2/28/1951, at lights (3, USNM); TX, Presidio, 2/2/1950, collected at light, Arenivaga apacha (Sauss) det. Gurney (1, USNM); TX, Presidio, 7/24/1948, collected at light (1, USNM); TX, Presidio, 10/15/1944, night on screen (1, USNM); TX, Presidio, June-July 1947, J.H.Russell, at lights (1, USNM); TX, Valentine, 7/13/1927, R.H.Beamer, (1, ANSP); TX, Koebele Collection, Heterogamia sp. (1, CAS); TX, McKelligan Canyon, El Paso, 6/15/1948, H.S.Barber et al., under stone (1, USNM); TX, Jeff Davis Co., Rest stop 9.5 mi. S of jct. Hwy 118 on 166, 8/9/1992, Godwin & Riley, uv light (1, TAMU); TX, El Paso, 7/14/1947, C.F.Haller, in Japanese Beetle trap at municipal airport (1, USNM); TX, Presidio, 7/12/1950, J.H.Russell, in Japanese Beetle trap at end of RR bridge (1, USNM); TX, 4 mi. N of El Paso, 8/30/1951, at lights (1, AMNH); NM, Hidalgo Co., Double Adobe Ranch, Animas Mts., 8/15/1952, 5500 ft., Leech & Green, (2, CAS); NM, Silver City, 9/2/1960, HG Rodeck, (1, UCMC); NM, Dona Ana Co., Anthony US 10 rest stop, 8/23-24/1997, 32.00675N, 106.58138W, Scott & Powers, at lights (1, UCMC); NM, Gage, 7/12/1952, RH & LD Beamer, LaBerge & Liang, (1, SEMC); NM, Chaco Canyon NM, 7/20/1962, SF Wood, (1, LACM); NM, San Juan Co., Ship Rock, 1986/1987, 6500 ft., D.Giuliani, Antifreeze pit trap (1, CSCA); NM, Bernalillo Co., Albuquerque, 9/18/1944, 5000 ft., WO Griesel, at lights (3, LACM); NM, Hidalgo Co., San Simon Valley, Jct. of State Line Rd and Rt.533, 7/8/1992, 4250 ft., SP Cover, 2 ft. deep in active Bannertail Kangaroo rat mound, open desert, mesquite & ephedra (2, MCZ); NM, Hidalgo Co., 9 mi. NW of Rodeo, 7/2/1973, 1300m, M Masters, Polyphagidae (1, CUIC); NM, Dona Ana Co., Pyramid Peak, FR Fosberg, Museum Coll.9076 (1, LACM); NM, Dona Ana Co., Pyramid Peak, 8/1/1930, FR Fosberg, Museum Coll.9686 (1, LACM); NM, Dona Ana Co., Pyramid Peak, 8/30/1930, FR Fosberg, Museum Coll.9685 (3, LACM); NM, Dona Ana Co., Pyramid Peak, 8/21/1930, FR Fosberg, Museum Coll.9279 (2, LACM); NM, Dona Ana Co., Pyramid Peak, 8/30/1930, FR Fosberg, Museum Coll.9685 (1, LACM); NM, SanJon, 7/31/1938, RP Allen, (1, CAS); NM, Eddy Co., White’s City Cpgd.Guadalupe Mts., 7/21/1989, JP & KES Donahue, #136, 564 (2, LACM); NM, Bent, 7/1-15/1927, OC Poling, (3, ANSP); NM, Las Cruces, TDA Cockerell, (1, ANSP); NM, Luna Co., Deming, 7/19/1907, 4315 ft., Hebard & Rehn, at lights (8, ANSP); NM, Bent, 6/15-30/1927, OC Poling, (1, ANSP); NM, No.262 (1, USNM); NM, Hidalgo Co., Rodeo, 9/4-8/1959, JM Burns, (3, EMEC); NM, Hidalgo Co., Rodeo, 9/8/1959, DD Linsdale, (3, EMEC); NM, Las Cruces, 9/?/1895, Ckll 4713 (1, USNM); NM, Virden, 6/12/1959, GL Nielsen, Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.)det.AB Gurney 1959 (1, USNM); NM, Eddy Co., Site 7, 9/24/1979, 32.19.8N 103.47.3W, Murray & Schaffner, at lights (3, TAMU); NM, Socorro Co., La Sevilleta, 9/13/2008, 34.354N, 106.885W, EI Rodriguez, (1, NAUF); NM, Socorro Co., Sevilleta NWR, 9/9-23/2008, 34.3431N, 106.7417W, K.Wetherill, Creosote shrubland, Buchmann Funnel trap (2, MSB); NM, Socorro Co., Gran Quivira NM, 7/1-3/1964, 6600 ft., DR Davis, (1, USNM); NM, 2 mi. E of Tesuque Pueblo, 8/15/1934, 7000 ft., M.Hebard, (1, ANSP); NM, Mesille Park, 7/12/1917, (1, ANSP); NM, Roosevelt Co., Oasis SP, 8/31/1971, 4100 ft., Brown & Petrulis, at lights (2, PMNH); NM, University Park, 6/25/1960, A.Ross, (1, UAIC); NM, Lea Co., site 14, 9/23/1979, 32.22.8N 103.43.3W, Murray & Schaffner, at lights (1, TAMU); NM, McKinley Co., 5 mi. N of Tohatchi, 8/14/1948, Nutting & Werner, at lights, dry grass & juniper, sketch of genitalia, WLN (1, UAIC); NM, Hidalgo Co., 13 mi. N of Rodeo, 6/16/1956, E Ordway, (1, AMNH); NM, Eddy Co., Carlsbad Cavern, 8/15-18/1935, TH & GG Hubbell, (1, UMMZ); NM, Hidalgo Co., Rodeo, 6/8/1959, LA Stange, (1, LACM); NM, Luna Co., Deming, 7/2/1937, Burt, (1, USNM); NM, Luna Co., Deming, 7/12/1917, Wheeler, Arenivaga sp. near rehni det. TH Hubbell 1928 (1, UMMZ); NM, No.262 (1, AMNH); NM, Santa Fe, pack rat nest, 8/?/1961, B Miller, (1, USNM); NM, Sevilleta NWR, 9/10/2001, deep well fire site south transect, pitfall trap #14 (2, MSB); NM, Sevilleta NWR, McKenzie Flats, 8/10/2001, transect E km 1, West side juniper trap #1 (1, MSB); NM, Sevilleta NWR, McKenzie Flats, 8/10/2001, transect E km 0, East side juniper trap #3 (1, MSB); NM, Sevilleta NWR, McKenzie Flats, 6/26/2001, transect E km 1, East side juniper trap #3 (1, MSB); NM, Sevilleta NWR, McKenzie Flats, 9/10/2001, transect mid km 2, East side pitfall trap #2 (1, MSB); NM, Sevilleta NWR, McKenzie Flats, 10/8/2001, transect mid km 6, West side [pitfall trap#1 (1, MSB); NM, Sevilleta NWR, McKenzie Flats, 7/20/2001, transect mid km 4, East side pitfall trap #2 (1, MSB); NM, Socorro Co., Sevilleta NWR, 7/20/2001, South Transect pitfall trap #13 (1, MSB); NM, Socorro Co., Sevilleta NWR, 7/20/2001, deep well fire site north transect, pitfall trap #4 (1, MSB); NM, Socorro Co., Sevilleta NWR, 9/10/2001, deep well fire site north transect, pitfall trap #14 (1, MSB); NM, Socorro Co., Sevilleta NWR, 9/10/2001, deep well fire site south transect, pitfall trap #4 (1, MSB); TX, Presidio, 8/1/1953, collected at light, Arenivaga apacha (Sauss) det. Gurney (1, USNM); TX, Presidio, 7/11/1968, JE Hafernik, black light (2, TAMU); TX, Presidio Co., Big Bend Ranch St. Nat.Ar., Aqua Adentro, 6/18-23/1990, D Judd, malaise trap (1, TAMU); TX, Presidio, 8/14/1928, ER Tinkham, (1, ANSP); TX, 3 mi. E of Van Horn, 8/14/1965, J.C.Schaffner, at light (1, TAMU); TX, Brewster Co., 22 mi. S of Marathon, 9/3/1960, L.A.Stange, (1, FSCA); TX, Jeff Davis Co., Fort Davis, 10/15-27/1927, 5000’, O.C.Poling, (2, UMMZ); TX, Alpine, 6/4/1952, J.E.Elkins, (1, SEMC); UT, Utah Co., Moab, Slick Rock Cmpgd., 9/5/1999, S. Belnap, (1, MLBM); UT, San Juan Co., Cottonwood Wash 10 mi SW Blanding, (1, MLBM); AZ, Navajo Co., along Rt. 87 N of Winslow, 8/9/2012, N35.04975 W110.59804, 1525 m, H Hopkins, HEH, (1, ); AZ, Cochise Co., Bar Boot Ranch, 9/?/2010, LJ Vitt & JP Caldwell, Arenivaga sp. det. K. Menard 2012, Catalog No. OMNH-21117, 21118, 21119 (3, OMNH); AZ, Cochise Co., 3 mi N Douglas, 8/17/1968, V. Roth, at light (1, FSAC); AZ, Cochise Co., SWRS 5 mi W Portal, 9/5/1963, 5400’, (1, SWRS); TX, Brewster Co., Big Bend NP, 7/8/1961, RH Arnett Jr. & E Van Tassell, Lot No. 475 (1, FSAC); AZ, Pima Co., in Sabino Cn., 7/1/1959, RH Arnett Jr., Lot No. 386 (1, FSAC); AZ, Pima Co., in Sabino Cn., 7/9/1959, RH Arnett Jr., Lot No. 399 (1, FSAC); AZ, Cochise Co., near Fairbanks, 6/29/1973, S. McCleve, lite (2, FSAC); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 6/25/1966, VD Roth, (1, SWRS); AZ, Cochise Co., Portal, 7/19/1964, VD Roth, Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) (1, SWRS); NM, Hidalgo Co., Rodeo, 6/29/1971, (1, SWRS); NM, Rodeo, 9/17/1963, VD Roth, (1, SWRS); NM, Artesia, 7/19/1962, JR Eyer, (1, NMSU); NM, Carlsbad, 6/22/1964, (2, NMSU); NM, Dona Ana Co., Jornada Expt. Range, 7/28/1971, Ellstrom, 1 specimen-att. to light (2, NMSU); NM, Dona Ana Co., Mouth Baylor Can., 8/4-5/1979, 5100’, C. Ferris, (2, FSAC);MEXICO, Chihuahua, Samalayuca, 6/24/1947, Schramel, D. Rockefeller Exp. (24, AMNH); Chihuahua, Samalayuca, 6/24/1947, Gertsch, D. Rockefeller Exp. (2, AMNH); Chihuahua, Samalayuca, 6/24/1947, Cazier, D. Rockefeller Exp. (4, AMNH); Chihuahua, Samalayuca, 6/24/1947, Spieth, D. Rockefeller Exp. (10, AMNH); Chihuahua, Samalayuca, 6/24/1947, Michener, D. Rockefeller Exp. (1, AMNH); Durango, 2 mi. S of Menores de Arriba, 9/14/1950, RF Smith, (2, AMNH); Chihuahua, Samalayuca Dunes, 33 mi. S of Ciudad Juarez, 6/25/1959, ER Tinkham, (2, USNM); Chihuahua, 16 mi. SE of Chihuahua, 7/27/1953, 4000 ft., SEMC Mex.Expedition (2, SEMC); Chihuahua, Ojo Laguna, 6/30/1947, Gertsch, D. Rockefeller Exp. (1, AMNH); Chihuahua, Primavera, 6/30/1947, 5500-6000 ft., Cazier, D. Rockefeller Exp. (1, AMNH); Chihuahua, Namiquipa Dist., 7/3/1947, 6500 ft., Cazier, D. Rockefeller Exp. (1, AMNH); Chihuahua, 15 mi. E of Parral, 7/15/1947, 5500 ft., Cazier, D. Rockefeller Exp. (1, AMNH); Chihuahua, 15 mi. E of Parral, 7/15/1947, 5500 ft., Schramel, D. Rockefeller Exp. (1, AMNH); Chihuahua, 8 mi. S of Gallego, 7/27/1953, 5000 ft., SEMC Mex.Expedition (1, SEMC); Chihuahua, Colonia Dublan, ?/?/1931, Beck & Call, (1, HEH); Chihuahua, 25 mi. SW of Camargo, 7/14/1947, Gertsch, D. Rockefeller Exp. (2, AMNH); Chihuahua, 25 mi. SW of Camargo, 7/14/1947, Michener, D. Rockefeller Exp. (1, AMNH); Chihuahua, 10 mi. N of Jimenez, 9/10/1950, RF Smith, (2, AMNH); Coahuila, 6 mi. W of Matamoros, 6/8/1961, UCM EI MEI (1, UCMC); Chihuahua, Catarinas, 7/25/1947, 5800 ft., Michener, D. Rockefeller Exp. (1, AMNH); Chihuahua, Catarinas, 7/25/1947, 5800 ft., Gertsch, D. Rockefeller Exp. (1, AMNH); Chihuahua, 20 mi. SW of Camargo, 7/13/1947, 4500 ft., Michener, D. Rockefeller Exp. (2, AMNH); Chihuahua, 20 mi. SW of Camargo, 7/13/1947, 4500 ft., Spieth, D. Rockefeller Exp. (1, AMNH); Durango, Durango, 8/4/1951, PD Hurd, (3, EMEC); Durango, 9 mi. W of Durango, 9/6/1950, RF Smith, (1, AMNH); Durango, 41 mi. NE of Durango, 7/28/1956, RE Beer & party, at light (1, SEMC); Chihuahua, 63 mi. W of Santa Barbara, 7/20/1947, 5500 ft., Cazier, D. Rockefeller Exp. (2, AMNH); Chihuahua, 13 mi. E of Cuauhtemoc, 7/11/1964, 6600ft, Chemsak & Powell, at lights (2, EMEC); Chihuahua, Chihuahua, 8/26/1981, Chemsak, at lights (1, EMEC); Chihuahua, Hwy.45 vicinity of Laguna Encinillas, 7/1/1987, GF Ballmer, at lights (1, UCRC); Chihuahua, Camargo, 6/16/1965, SJ Arnold, at lights (1, EMEC); Chihuahua, 15 mi S El Sueco, 9/?/1983, Gary Fritz, (1, NMSU); Chihuahua City, 7/10/1983, Gary Fritz, (1, NMSU); Chihuahua, Colonia Dublan, Anson Ca?l Jr, Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) det. ABGurney ‘53 (1, MLBM). Determiner label Arenivaga erratica Hopkins 2011” [white label with black border].

This is a widespread species widely in New Mexico, the eastern half of Arizona, the far western part of Texas located south of New Mexico, south into central Mexico. Isolated records from Utah, Nevada, and a record from Colorado not included in the distribution map. See Fig. 50.

Arenivaga erratica may be diagnosed by shagreened or toothed ridge running along the anterolateral edge of the small dorsal sclerite. See Fig. 49.

Male. Measurements. Holotype stand-in TL = 17.3 mm, GW = 8.8 mm, PW = 5.73 mm, PL = 3.76 mm, TL/GW = 1.97, PL/PW = 0.66. EW = 0.25 mm; OW = 0.40 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 16.3–23.5 mm; range of GW 7.4–10.0 mm; range of PW 5.10–6.62 mm; range of PL 3.76–4.70 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.40 × 0.30 mm); vertex medium brown, with small ridges between apices of eyes extending on to ocellar tubercles; interocellar space slightly concave, medium brown with light brown medial line; two oval indentations laterally at base of interocellar space. Frons waxy white, flat; bound on either side by ridges extending from inner apex of ocelli outwards to lateral edges of clypeus; scattered long setae on frons and ridges. Anterior portion of frons waxy white, bulbous; clypeal suture demarcates waxy white anteclypeus. See Fig. 48d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent waxy beige; variable length orange-brown setae along anterior margin; dorsal surface of pronotum covered with short orange-brown setae that are denser and longer anteriorly and laterally; pronotal pattern medium orange-brown “panther face”, but runs through every shade to dark brown in other specimens; with no aura and little discernible detail, though considerable detail seen in some specimens. See Fig. 48c.

Body. Wing brace present. Legs and body light orange-brown; subgenital plate asymmetrical with posterior edge emarginated, rounded apices. See Fig. 48b.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex (up to ~35% of total wing length); color highly variable from light beige, to light brown, to light orange-brown, to medium brown; usually blotchy; surface semi-transparent and matte, or with faint sheen on many specimens. See Fig. 48a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous lightly sclerotized hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized; medial margin sclerotized, shagreened, often with one or two small dorsally projecting teeth; medial margin extends beyond rest of phallomere at each end. Small central sclerite punctate, with sclerotized shagreened ridge, toothed along edge, along anterolateral side. Right ventral phallomere extends from articulation into bulbous love that narrows anteriorly; after narrow gap, rounded, punctate arm extending to depth of rest of phallomere. Genital hook with pointed head and moderate hook; arm moderate with smooth curve. See Fig. 49.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

USA, California, San Diego Co., north of Fallbrook.

Holotype: ♂ in LACM labeled “July 27, 1957, 2.3 mi N. Fallbrook, San Diego Co., Calif., Lionel A Stange “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga estelleae Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (41): USA: CA, San Diego Co., NAS Miramar 4, 11/13/1996, N Bloomfield, blacklite (1, SDMC); CA, San Diego Co., MCAS Miramar, 9/18/1998, N Bloomfield, blacklite (1, SDMC); CA, San Diego Co., Mission Gorge Dam, 7/26/1976, illegible (1, SDMC); CA, San Diego Co., San Diego, 6/10/1953, J Powell, at light (1, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., Lake Hodges, 8/24/1976, DK Faulkner (1, SDMC); CA, San Diego Co., N San Vicente Res, 8/19/1976, DK Faulkner (1, SDMC); CA, San Diego Co., 2.3 mi N of Fallbrook, 7/27/1957, LA Stange (1, LACM); CA, San Diego Co., Boulevard Manzanita, 10/10/1980, R Messner (1, SDMC); CA, San Diego Co., Boulevard Manzanita, 10/5/1979, R Messner (1, SDMC); CA, San Diego Co., Boulevard Manzanita, 8/7/1979, R Messner (1, SDMC); CA, San Diego Co., Boulevard Manzanita, 7/12/1979, R Messner (4, SDMC); CA, San Diego Co., Boulevard Manzanita, 6/3/1980, R Messner (1, SDMC); CA, San Diego Co., Boulevard Manzanita, 5/28/1980, R Messner (1, SDMC); CA, San Diego Co., Rancho Santa Fe, 8/25/1958, JR Northern (1, LACM); CA, San Diego Co., San Diego, 6/19/1974, Munzenmaier & Patten, Japanese beetle trap, 74524-38, Arenivaga sp. Det. AR Hardy 1974 (1, CSCA); CA, San Diego Co., Boulevard Manzanita, 7/29/1979, R Messner (1, SDMC); CA, San Diego Co., Alpine, 7/18/1990, J Mitchell (1, SDMC); CA, San Diego Co., , NAS Miramar 2, 5/19/1997, N Bloomfield, blacklite (1, USNM); CA, San Diego Co., San Diego, 7/17/1912, FE Maisdell (1, CAS); MEXICO: BC, 4 mi SW of La Zapopita, Valle de Trinidad, 4/16/1961, FS Truxal (4, LACM); BC, 11 mi E of Ojos Negros on road to Laguna Hanson, 8/9/1988, 1160 m, Weissman & Lightfoot, Stop #88-85 (1, CAS); BC, 8 mi E of Tecate, 7/6/1984, Brown & Tocco, green dot (1, CAS); BC, Ensenada, 8/30/1952 (2, USNM); BC, turnoff Hwy 1 to Motel Durado, 3 km S of Ensenada, 7/18/1977, D Weissman, coastal sand dunes (1, CAS); BC, 17 mi S of Ensenada, 6/14/1938, Michelbacher & Ross (1, CAS); BC, Hwy 2, 5.7 km W of El Condor at KM 88.7, 8/19/1995, 1210 m, Weissman & Lightfoot, Stop #95-65 (1, CAS); BC, 13 mi SW of La Zapopita, 6/14/1963, EL Sleeper, blacklite (2, CAS); BC, 17 mi S of Ensenada, 6/14/1938, Michelbacher & Ross, photo.spec. (1, LACM); BC, Km 56 on road to Sierra San Pedro Martir Park off Hwy 1, 8/4/1981, 900 m, Lightfoot & Weissman, #81-64 (1, CAS). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga estelleae Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the genitive case. This species is named for my grandmother, Estelle Beaumont, who taught me so much including how to be firm yet kind; also for the Latin stella, meaning star, because it is a lovely little roach.

This species is found in far southwestern California and northwestern Baja California Norte, Mexico. See Fig. 53.

Arenivaga estelleae is smaller and browner than average for Arenivaga and could be confused with the parapatric species Arenivaga gaiophanes (in its external appearance) and Arenivaga paradoxa (in its genitalia). These three species are most likely closely related. Arenivaga estelleae may be distinguished by the broad central field on the right dorsal phallomere and very wide gap on the right ventral phallomere. See Figs 52 and 124.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 16.5 mm, GW = 8.9 mm, PW = 4.93 mm, PL = 3.31 mm, TL/GW = 1.85, PL/PW = 0.67. EW = 0.45 mm; OW = 0.45 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 15.1–20.6 mm; range of GW 7.2–9.8 mm; range of PW 4.57–5.91 mm; range of PL 3.31–4.25 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.3 × 0.2 mm); vertex flat and medium brown with small ridges in rays around upper apex of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave with fine horizontal corrugations; medium brown laterally shading to light brown in concavity; deep vertical indentations medial to ocelli. Frons light brown, concave; anterior portion of frons bulbous, light brown medially shading darker laterally; pale beige anteclypeus with one horizontal corrugation. See Fig. 51d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent, waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with short fine brown setae centrally and posteriorly grading to longer, thicker setae laterally and anteriorly; pronotal pattern brown “panther face”; brown maculations scattered across posterior 80% of dorsal surface of pronotum; no aura. See Fig. 51c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs beige, body light brown with dark brown markings on lateral anterior portion of each sternite; subgenital plate light brown; strongly asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 51b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (~40% of wing length); color light brown to dark medium brown depending on specimen, faintly blotchy; surface matte and opaque. See Fig. 51a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous lightly sclerotized hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field sclerotized; medial margin with slight concavity, shagreened with toothed margin; anterior and posterior margins deeply emarginate, posterior margin curving back out to several teeth; interior of lateral articulation setose; broad rolled sclerotized lip projecting posteriorly from lateral articulation to several teeth. Small central sclerite broad, flat and finely punctate with posteriorly projecting, sclerotized lip at anterior end; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form rounded shagreened structure with acute edge; attached anteriorly is mildly dorsally projecting flanged arm, shagreened with roughly toothed edge. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere dramatically modified into heavily setose, medially projecting, scoop shape. Genital hook with short extension to pointed head with average hook; arm robust. See Fig. 52.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

(44). USA: FL, Polk Co., Auburndale, Lake Blue Scrub, 4/8/2009, P. Skelley, (1, FSCA); FL, Polk Co., Tiger Creek Preserve, 2.5 mi. SE Babson Park, 5/18-19/2006, Skelley and Almquist, sand sifts (2, FSCA); FL, Marion Co., Juniper Spring SP, 5/19/1990, P. Skelley, light (1, FSCA); FL, Levy Co., . 25 mi. SW of Alachua Co. line, 6/28/1992, L.R.Davis Jr., (5, FSCA); FL, Volusia Co., in malt trap (1, FSCA); FL, Hillsborough Co., USF campus, 6/29/1972, (1, FSCA); FL, Putnam Co., Interlachen, 6/26/1992, L.R.Davis Jr., leg removed for DNA analysis T.Lamb X-2006 (1, FSCA); FL, Hillsborough Co., Vestavia Apts., 4/4/1977, Boyd, Blattidae (1, FSCA); FL, Alachua Co., 6/2/1986, E.G.Farnworth, (1, FSCA); FL, Levy Co., . 25 mi. SW of Alachua Co. line on Rt. 24, 7/17/1993, L.R.Davis Jr., (1, UCRC); FL, Hillsborough Co., USF, Tampa, 6/6/1972, (1, FSCA); FL, Hillsborough Co., N. Tampa, 7/29/1972, (1, FSCA); FL, Levy Co., 3.9 mi. SW Archer, 4/1-7/1991, P. Skelley, pawpaw bloom (1, FSCA); FL, Highlands Co., Archbold Biol. Station, 3/22/1969, L.L.Pechuman, (1, CUIC); FL, Highlands Co., Archbold Biol. Station, 6/3/1966, R.G.Beard, (1, CUIC); FL, Highlands Co., Archbold Biol. Station, Lake Placid, 3/27-30/1959, J.G.Francelemont, (3, CUIC); FL, Highlands Co., Archbold Biol. Station, 3/27/1967, R.G.Beard, at 15 watt UV light (1, CUIC); FL, Highlands Co., Lake Placid, 7/13/1948, B.W.Crowder, (5, SEMC); FL, Lake Co., Ocala NF, 3/16/1956, Howden and Howell, (1, FSCA); FL, Highlands Co., 3/31/1961, J.C.Hanlon, in blacklight trap (1, FSCA); FL, Highlands Co., Archbold Biol. Station, 8 mi. S Lake Placid, 4/3/1974, G.C.Eickwort, (1, CUIC); FL, Tarpon Springs, 7/18/1983, Konger, (1, FSCA); FL, Orange Co., Orlando, 5/31/1924, F.W.Walker, (1, ANSP); FL, Co., Lakeland, 5/4/1912, W.T.Davis, genitalia figured H1920 (1, ANSP); FL, Highlands Co., Archbold Biol. Station, 2/14/1951, floridensis (1, USNM); FL, Orange Co., Orlando, 5/31/1924, F.W.Walker, (1, USNM); FL, Polk Co., Lake Streaty, 8/10/1938, T32S, R27E, Sec25 110/111, Hubbell and Friauf, (2, USNM); FL, Highlands Co., Archbold Biol. Station, Lake Placid, 2/2/1959, S.W.Frost, (1, USNM); FL, Clay Co., Gold Head Branch SP, 3/31/1956, T.H.Hubbell, (1, USUSNM); FL, Clay Co., Gold Head Branch SP, 5/6/1954, L.H.Krombein, (1, USNM); FL, Orange Co., Orlando, 5/10/1924, F.W.Walker, (1, UMMZ); FL, Levy Co., . 2 mi SW Alachua County Line, Rt. 24, 6/6/1977, LR Davis, Jr., (1, FSCA). Determiner label Arenivaga floridensis Hopkins 2011” [white label with black border].

This species is found in central Florida. See Figure 56.

Arenivaga floridensis may be diagnosed by its locality or by the medially projecting knob by the posterior end of the point of articulation between the two right phallomeres. See Fig. 55.

Male. NB: Holotype is half spread therefore GW is estimated. Measurements. Holotype TL = 17.4 mm, GW = 9.0 mm, PW = 6.71 mm, PL = 4.26 mm, TL/GW = 1.93, PL/PW = 0.63. EW = 0.50 mm; OW = 0.55 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 13.8–20.7 mm; range of GW 7.7–10.7 mm; range of PW 5.43–7.24 mm; range of PL 3.82–4.69 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.40 × 0.30 mm); vertex dark brown, with small ridges between apices of eyes and scattered short setae; interocellar space concave, dark brown. Frons medium brown fading posteriorly to light brown, tectiform, concave; bound on either side by ridges extending from inner apex of ocelli outwards to lateral edges of clypeus; scattered long setae on ridges. Anterior portion of frons light brown with medium brown maculations, bulbous; clypeal suture demarcates light brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 54d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent waxy beige. Variable length orange-brown setae along anterior margin; dorsal surface of pronotum covered with short orange-brown setae; pronotal pattern “panther face” dark brown, with small to extensive aura depending on specimen; discernibility of detail variable but generally poor. See Fig. 54c.

Body. Wing brace present. Legs and body medium orange-brown; subgenital plate symmetrical with posterior edge emarginated, rounded apices. See Fig. 54b.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex (up to ~30% of total wing length); color uniform dark brown depending on specimen; surface opaque and matte, or with faint sheen on many specimens. See Fig. 54a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous lightly sclerotized hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized; medial margin sclerotized, heavily toothed, curving ventrally at anterior end. Small central sclerite finely punctate, concave, with shagreened bulge along ventral edge. Right ventral phallomere extends from articulation into smooth flattened posteriorly projecting lobe with anteriorly projecting spine on medial edge; after ridge and moderate gap, rounded concave smooth flange. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere wide, setose, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with pointed head with dimple along extension to a moderate hook. See Fig. 55.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

MEXICO, Hidalgo, Zimapan.

Holotype: ♂ in EMEC labeled “Zimapan Hdgo. Mex. VI-11-14-51, on fls. of Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ort.), P.D.Hurd Collector” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga florilega Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes: None at this time.

The name is an adjective in the nominative singular. This species is named from the Latin meaning flower gathering because the only known specimen was collected off the flowers of Eysenhardtia polystachya.

This species is known only from the type locality. See Fig. 59.

Arenivaga florilega may be confused with Arenivaga galeana but may be distinguished by the almost complete lack of sculpturing or sclerotization on the right dorsal phallomere, the posteriorly projecting lobe on the right ventral phallomere, and a round curved genital hook. See Figs 58 and 64.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 19.7 mm, GW = 9.5 mm, PW = 5.37 mm, PL = 3.98 mm, TL/GW = 2.07, PL/PW = 0.74. EW = 0.15 mm; OW = 0.40 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.40 × 0.25 mm); vertex dark brown, with small ridges between apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, dark brown. Frons dark medium brown; posterior concave; anterior portion of frons bulbous but much less so than in most species, dark medium brown; light brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 57d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent waxy light brown; dorsal surface of pronotum with dense orange-brown setae that are longer and thicker laterally; pronotal pattern dark orange-brown “panther face”, impressed; slight aura. See Fig. 57c.

Body. Wing brace absent. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body medium brown; subgenital plate orange-brown; strongly asymmetrical with posterior edge only slightly emarginated and rounded apices. See Fig. 57b.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex; light brown with sparse medium brown blotches; surface translucent with mild sheen. See Fig. 57a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of lightly sclerotized, narrow, bulbous lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized, cupped; with narrow medial edge more sclerotized, punctate, ending anteriorly in small shagreened flange. Small central sclerite lightly sclerotized, finely punctate, concave with two punctate lobes wrapping anteriorly around shagreened flange of right dorsal phallomere, posterior end connecting with dorsal side of right dorsal phallomere. Articulation between right phallomeres deep, concave and setose, with shagreened border adjacent to dorsal phallomere and smooth border adjacent to ventral phallomere. Right ventral phallomere consists of large punctate flattened medially projecting lobe; becoming wider and more sclerotized anteriorly; anteriorly narrow gap followed by wide shagreened flange. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere wide, setose, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook widely curved to sharp point; arm robust and straight. See Fig. 58.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

USA, California, Riverside Co., Ranchos los Ninos de Luz.

Holotype: ♂ in LACM labeled “Riverside Co., Calif. Rancho Los Ninos De Luz, Murrieta Rd., 10 Oct. 71, 600’, J.A.Honey” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga gaiophanes Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (25): USA: CA, Riverside Co., Hemet, San Jacinto Rov., 6/14/2003, 33.45.46N 116.53.18W 526 m, GR Ballmer, at MV light, PhotoEloous 327:36, 328:1-3 (1, UCRC); CA, Orange Co., Lower San Juan Cpgd., 7/27/1982, CW Melton (2, UCMC); CA, Riverside Co., Bundy Canyon, 9 mi S of Perris, 7/27/1978, 1660 ft., RJ Ford (2, LACM); CA, San Bernardino, Lake Arrowhead, 7/12/1964, EI Schlinger, at white light (1, UCRC); CA, Fallbrook, 7/8/1972, LD Anderson (1, UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., Rancho Los Ninos de Luz, Murrieta Rd., 10/10/1971, 600 ft., JA Honey (2, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Menifee Valley, 7/4/1976, 33.39.19N 117.12 45W, SI & SL Frommer, at white light (1, UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., Menifee Valley, hills on W end, 8/6/20003, 3.39N, 117.13W, 1800 ft. JD Pinto, at light (1, UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., Riverside, 4/17/1972, BJ Taylor (1, UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., Menifee Valley, 8/20/1976, 33.39.19N 117.12 45W, CL Lacey, genitalia missing (1, UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., Menifee Valley, hills on W end, 6/29/1984, 33.39N, 117.13W, 1800 ft., JD Pinto (1, UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., Menifee Valley, hills on W end, 6/16/1978, 33.39N, 117.13W, 1899 ft., JD Pinto (1, UCRC); CA, Orange Co., San Juan Creek, 9/27/1954, RJ Ford (3, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Menifee Valley, hills on W end, 6/1/2001, 33.39N, 117.13W, 1800 ft., JD Pinto (1, UCRC); CA, San Diego Co., Wildcat Canyon near Lakeside, 8/3-28/1962, SC Williams, scorpion pit trap in 1961 chaparral burn area (1, ASUT); CA, Riverside Co., Tenajas Ranger Station, 7/29/1967, JA Honey (2, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Tenajas Ranger Station, 8/19/1967, JA Honey (1, LACM), CA, Riverside Co., Pinyon Flat Campground, 14 mi SW of Palm Desert on SR74, 7/3-4/2008, JA Cole (1, ANSP), CA, Riverside Co., Pinyon Flat Campground, 14 mi SW of Palm Desert on SR74, 6/28-29/2003, JA Cole (1, ANSP). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga gaiophanes Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is an adjective in the nominative singular. This species is named gaiophanes for its beautiful uniform earth tone coloration, from Greek meaning “earth-colored”.

This species is distributed from Lake Arrowhead in the north, to Wildcat Canyon in the south, and from Hemet in the east, to San Juan Creek in the west. See Figure 62.

Arenivaga gaiophanes sp. n. is slightly smaller than average, warm brown in color with scattered blotches. It can be mistaken phenotypically for Arenivaga sequoia but the genitalia are distinct; the medial margin of the right dorsal phallomere is deeply indented in Arenivaga gaiophanes but not at all in Arenivaga sequoia. See Figs 61 and 142.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 19.2 mm, GW = 9.2 mm, PW = 5.22 mm, PL = 3.81 mm, TL/GW = 2.09, PL/PW = 0.73. EW = 0.3 mm; OW = 0.4 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 15.6–19.2 mm; range of GW 7.5–9.2 mm; range of PW 5.02–6.00 mm; range of PL 2.97–4.24 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.45 × 0.35 mm); vertex medium brown with small ridges in rays around upper apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, rugose, medium brown. Posterior frons light brown, concave; anterior frons bulbous with slight central indentation; light brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 60d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent, waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with short fine brown setae centrally and posteriorly grading to longer, thicker setae laterally and anteriorly; pronotal pattern brown “panther face”; brown maculations scattered across posterior 70% of dorsal surface of pronotum; no aura. See Fig. 60c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body light orange-brown; darker maculation laterally on each sternite; subgenital plate dark orange-brown; strongly asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 60b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (~40% of wing length); color uniform brown, to blotchy brown; surface matte and opaque. See Fig. 60a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous lightly sclerotized hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field sclerotized; medial margin with deep V-shaped emargination projecting to two broad flat points; entire phallomere shagreened except hook-shaped lobe and anterior point; entire medial margin with short teeth; interior of lateral articulation setose; broad rolled sclerotized lip projecting posteriorly from lateral articulation. Small central sclerite broad, flat and finely punctate with posteriorly projecting, sclerotized lip at anterior end; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form rounded shagreened structure with fine corrugations; attached anteriorly is mildly dorsally projecting flanged forked arm, shagreened with roughly toothed edge. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere setose, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with short extension to pointed head with short hook; arm robust. See Fig. 61.

This species occurs in hilly or mountainous habitat. All other life history elements remain unobserved.

MEXICO, Nuevo Leon, 3 mi E Galeana.

Holotype: ♂ in USNM labeled “MEXICO: 3 mi. E. Galeana, N.L. 5000’, Aug. 7–9, 1963, Duckworth & Davis” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga galeana Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (11): MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, 6.4 km W Iturbide, 7/16/1979, 24.44N, 99.56W, 1800 m, DC Darling (1, CUIC); Nuevo Leon, 3 mi. E of Galeana, 8/7-9/1963, 5000 ft., Duckworth & Davis (8, USNM); El Salto Falls 26 mi. W of Antiguo Morelos, Tamps., 7/11-14/1963, 2000 ft., Duckworth & Davis (2, [one missing label] USNM). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga galeana Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the genive case. This species is named for the Mexican town near where the majority of specimens originate, Galeana.

This species occurs in the Sierra Madre Oriental mountains of eastern Mexico. See Fig. 65.

Arenivaga galeana may be confused with Arenivaga florilega but may be distinguished by the right ventral phallomere which does not have a flattened, posteriorly projecting lobe as it does in Arenivaga florilega. Also the genital hook is the typical angular sort, not a sweeping curve as in Arenivaga florilega. See Figs 64 and 58.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 22.3 mm, GW = 9.8 mm, PW = 5.84 mm, PL = 3.79 mm, TL/GW = 2.28, PL/PW = 0.65. EW = 0.25 mm; OW = 0.40 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 19.6–23.5 mm; range of GW 8.4–9.8 mm; range of PW 5.38–6.22 mm; range of PL 3.73–4.33 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.50 × 0.30 mm); vertex dark brown, with small ridges between apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, dark brown. Frons dark brown; posterior concave; anterior portion of frons slightly bulbous, anterior margin with medial point, medium brown; light brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 63d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with short orange-brown setae that are longer and thicker laterally; pronotal pattern dark orange-brown “panther face”, impressed, with medium orange-brown aura. See Fig. 63c.

Body. Wing brace absent. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body light brown; subgenital plate dark orange-brown; strongly asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 63b.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex (up to 40% of total wing length); blotchy medium brown; surface translucent with mild sheen. See Fig. 63a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of lightly sclerotized, bulbous lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized, cupped; with narrow medial edge more sclerotized, punctate, ending anteriorly in small shagreened knob. Small central sclerite lightly sclerotized, finely punctate, concave with two punctate lobes wrapping anteriorly around shagreened knob of right dorsal phallomere, posterior end connecting with dorsal side of right dorsal phallomere. Articulation between right phallomeres deep, concave and setose, with shagreened border adjacent to dorsal phallomere and faint smooth border adjacent to ventral phallomere; shagreened border coming to posteriorly projecting pointed extension. Right ventral phallomere consists of large punctate flattened medially projecting lobe with central indentation; becoming wider and more sclerotized anteriorly; anteriorly wide gap followed by wide shagreened flange with slight central concavity. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere wide, setose, enclosed at both ends with indentation at medial end, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with short extension to pointed head and short hook; arm robust. See Fig. 64.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

(343). USA: AZ, Pima Co., Lowell Ranger Sta., 7/6-20/1916, 32.18.5N, 110.49W, 2000’, 1:share with Clark and ANSP, 1: Arenivaga genitalis Caud., Figured H 1920 (2, ANSP); AZ, Pinal Co., Florence, 7/17/1903, C.R.Biederman, (6, ANSP); AZ, Maricopa Co., Phoenix, _8/23/1966, R.S.Beal, at light. Arenivaga sp. Det. Rentz (1, NAUF); AZ, Pima Co., Redington Rd., 8/9/2003, 32.15.47N 110.39.11W, E.Riley, UV (1, TAMU); AZ, Maricopa Co., Phoenix, 6/9/1904, M.Hebard, Arenivaga genitalis Caudell TOPOTYPE (1, ANSP); AZ, Maricopa Co., Phoenix, 7/16-18/????, Wickham, Arenivaga genitalis Caudell TOPOTYPE (1, ANSP); AZ, Maricopa Co., Phoenix, 8/1/????, R.E.Kunze, Arenivaga genitalis Caudell TOPOTYPE (1, ANSP); AZ, Maricopa Co., Phoenix, 6/7/1904, M.Hebard, Arenivaga genitalis Caudell TOPOTYPE, Genitalia figured partially 1917, fully H 1920 (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Ft. Grant 60 mi. E of Tucson, (1, ANSP); AZ, Maricopa Co., Phoenix, 4/29/1902, Oslar, (1, ANSP); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 4/26/1902, Oslar, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pinal Co., Florence, 7/10/1903, C.R.Biederman, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pinal Co., Florence, 7/21/1903, C.R.Biederman, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pinal Co., Florence, 7/18/1903, C.R.Biederman, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 5/9/1916, J.F.Tucker, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pinal Co., Florence, 7/19/1903, C.R.Biederman, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pinal Co., Florence, 6/6/1903, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 11/2/1916, J.F.Tucker, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pinal Co., Picacho Peak SP, 8/4/1983, C.B.Barr, Collected at light (1, Essig); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson Mountain Park, 4/1/1969, R.E.Beer & party, Arenivaga sp. nr. genitalis Hebard (2, UK); AZ, Yuma Co., S Luis, 8/11/1940, E.C.Van Dyke, (1, CAS); AZ, Maricopa Co., Phoenix, 8/5/????, R.E.Kunze, Paratype No. 21879 U.S.N.M., Arenivaga genitalis Parat. “b” Caud. (1, USNM); AZ, Pima Co., Covered Wells, 4/12/1954, L.M.Martin, (2, LACM); AZ, Pinal Co., Florence, 5/8/1903, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 6/23/1963, Parker and Stange, (1, FSCA); AZ, Pinal Co., Florence, 5/10/1958, H.Tryon, (1, ASUT); AZ, Pima Co., 7/22/1927, L.D.Anderson, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 4/26/1916, J.F.Tucker, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, 7/31/1941, R.H.Beamer, (3, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., 3/30/1923, O.C.Poling, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Ajo, 3/25/1923, O.C.Poling, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 4/20/1916, J.F.Tucker, (1, ANSP); AZ, Maricopa Co., Phoenix, 4/9/1902, Kunze, (1, ANSP); AZ, Maricopa Co., Phoenix, Oslar, (1, ANSP); AZ, Maricopa Co., Casa Grande, 4/7/1935, A.L.Melander, (1, MCZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Paloverde, 4/21/1935, F.H.Parker, apacha (3, MCZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Paloverde, 4/22/1935, F.H.Parker, (1, MCZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Paloverde, 4/21/1935, F.H.Parker, (1, UCRC); AZ, Pima Co., Base of Tortolita Mts., S side, 6/14/1984, 3000’, R.S.Beal, black light (9, NAUF); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 7/12/1937, D.J. & J.N.Knull, 122, genitalia missing (1, OSUC); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 7/30/1968, F.Werner, lt. (1, HEH); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 5/21/1967, J.Hesselt, lt. (1, HEH); AZ, Gila Co., Gila River 3 mi. SW of Christmas, 6/4/1962, F.Werner, lt. trap, (3, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., U of AZ campus, Tucson, ?/?/1917, R.Abel, Ent. 101, (1, HEH); AZ, Pima Co., Bear Canyon, Catalina Mts., 5/26/1994, M.Singer, Arenivaga sp. Det. B.Mathison (1, UAIC); AZ, Maricopa Co., Salt River at Bush Hwy. Bridge, 5/27/1995, B.C.&W.B.Warner & K.Miller, UV light (7, WB Warner); AZ, Maricopa Co., Coons Bluff on Salt River, 7/29/2010, 33.32.52N 111.38.39W, Bill Warner, UV light (5, WB Warner); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tortilla Flat, 7/15/1975, W.F.Chamberlain, (1, TAMU); AZ, Maricopa Co., 24 mi. N Gila Bend, Gillespie Dam, 7/16/1975, J.D.Pinto, (1, UCRC); AZ, IBP:Santa Rita Desert Site 01, 8/2/1971, Emergence trap SR08, Aregen (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Santa Rita Mts., 7/23/1978, R.H.Crandall, (1, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/22/1958, R.C.Whistler, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/12/1958, J.May, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/26/1958, R.Price, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/8/1958, J.Claney, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/20/1958, H.Nather, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Sonoran Desert Museum, 8/5-8/1962, W.L.Nutting, lt. trap, S.Oman (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Sonoran Desert Museum, 8/1-4/1962, W.L.Nutting, lt.trap, S.Oman (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Sonoran Desert Museum, 8/9-16/1962, W.L.Nutting, lt.trap, S.Oman (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 8/27/1938, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (1, OSUC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 6/23/1939, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (2, OSUC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 6/8/1937, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (1, OSUC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 8/26/1946, R.H.Crandall, (1, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 7/10/1946, R.H.Crandall, (1, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 7/7/1960, F.Werner & P.H.Johnson, UV light (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 8/1/1962, F.Werner, , UV light (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 7/11/1959, L.B.Koenig, at light (1, FSCA); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 5/3/1958, CAWood, (1, UAIC); AZ, Maricopa Co., Gila Bend, 4/7/2008, L.A.Stange, (1, FSCA); AZ, IBP:Silverbell Site, Sect.21, T11S R9E, Invert.plot UA, 7/17/1971, Emergence trap 106 under ceramic (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 7/3/1961, L.B.Koenig, at light (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 6/21/1961, L.B.Koenig, at light (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., W. of Tucson, Tucson Mt. Park, 3/25-27/1986, P.Skelley, light trap (1, FSCA); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 5/10/1942, A.L.Melander, (1, UCRC); AZ, Pima Co., Organ Pipe NM, 4/11/1965, G.L.Jensen & W.J.Turner, (1, EMEC); AZ, Pima Co., Organ Pipe NM, 4/11/1947, A.L.Melander, (1, UCRC); AZ, Pima Co., Organ Pipe NM, 4/18/1947, A.L.Melander, (1, UCRC); AZ, Pima Co., Organ Pipe NM, Quitobaquito Oasis, 4/11/1973, S&S Frommer, at white light, 7.30pm-8.55pm (1, UCRC); AZ, Pima Co., Organ Pipe NM, 3/10/1984, Olson, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Soldier Canyon, 14 km. NE of Tucson, 3/24/1986, 950m, Steiner & Lowry, at black light in Sonoran Desert scrub (1, USNM); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 6/12/1948, R.H.Crandall, (1, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/23/1958, Bruner, (3, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 5/3/1958, T.?, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 5/2/1958, Moore, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 5/9/1958, Dobson, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 5/3/1958, Bruner, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/27/1958, Tilt, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/25/1958, R.R.Frost, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 10/12/1959, G.T.Bottger, blacklight trap (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/16/1958, Peltz, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/20/1958, Crisman, (1, UAIC); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 6/1/1937, R.C., Dickson, (1, UCRiverside); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 7/22/1925, Brooklyn Museum Collection 1929 (2, USNM); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, _5/20/1958, , , V.Roth, , at lights (1, UA); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 1/1/1972, S.Kirkpatrick, on brick wall (1, ASUT); AZ, Yuma Co., Roll, 6/29/1939, L.L.Stitt, (1, ASUT); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 4/3/1972, S.C.Burns, near light (1, ASUT); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 4/8/1966, F.F.Hasbrouck, reared (1, ASUT); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 6/27/1964, F.F.Hasbrouck, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 6/20/1964, F.F.Hasbrouck, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Maricopa Co., Mesa, 7/14/1959, S.A.Gorodenski, (1, ASUT); AZ, Maricopa Co., Mesa, Main St. and Recker Rd., 4/25/1966, Brennan, black light (7, ASUT); AZ, Maricopa Co., Ft. McDowell, 4/23/1964, G.McRaven, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Maricopa Co., Germann and Higley, 5/9/1966, Brennan, black light (1, ASUT); AZ, Maricopa Co., Casa Grande, 4/22/1973, N.Kendle, on car window, Blattellidae (1, ASU); AZ, Maricopa Co., Liberty, 2/21/1974, B.Grandy, in house (1, ASUT); AZ, Maricopa Co., Thunderbird Park, 4/27/1979, Wielgus & Hasbrouck, at UVBL (1, ASUT); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 6/25/1964, F.F.Hasbrouck, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 4/24/1974, H.C.Conklin, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 10/1/1974, L.Porzer, on ground (1, ASUT); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, vic. Ina/Oracle, 7/9/1989, W.L.Nutting, pool (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 7/17/1966, M.L.Noller, at light (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Catalina SP, Santa Catalina Mts., 8/2/1996, Olson, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., ASDM, Tucson, 4/2/1953, W.W.Larson, light (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/10/1969, F.G.Werner, UV trap (3, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/11/1958, J.May, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 1/10/1969, R.H.Russell, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 11/6/1966, R.Rice, under board (7, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 12/11/1966, R.Rice, under log (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 1/29/1967, R.Rice, under door (4, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 11/8/1967, R.Rice, under board (5, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 1/22/1967, R.Rice, under board (6, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, R.Rice, black light trap (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 1/24/1967, R.Rice, under door (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Helmet Peak, 1/31/1967, R.Rice, rock pile (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 8/11/1965, R.Rice, black light trap (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson Mts. Rear hill near A Mtn., 11/24/1966, rock pile (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., 16 mi. W of Tucson, 8/13/1988, (1, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, Catalina Foothills, 8/23/2001, 32.18N, 110.56W, 762.2m, W.Moore, WM01.029 (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Waterman Mts., 10/1990-4/1991, Olson & Van Devender, pitfall trap (27, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Waterman Mts., 5/19-7/7/1991, Olson, pitfall trap (3, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Waterman Mts., 4/6-5/19/1991, Olson & Van Devender, pitfall trap (11, UAIC); AZ, Maricopa Co., Phoenix, 4/1/1915, R.E.Kunze, (1, USNM); AZ, Maricopa Co., Phoenix, 4/1/1915, R.E.Kunze, genit. lost, Paratype No.21879 U.S.N.M., Arenivaga genitalis parat. “a” Caud. (1, USNM); AZ, Catalina Springs, 7/4/????, paratype d, Arenivaga genitalis parat. “c” Caud. (1, USNM); AZ, Yuma Co., Wellton, 6/3/1939, L.L.Stitt, at light, H-175 (1, USNM); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/15/1953, R.S.Beal, (1, EMEC); AZ, Pinal Co., Goldfield, 8/9/1950, R.S.Beal, (1, EMEC); AZ, Maricopa Co., Higley, 6/18/1917, E.G.Holt, at light (1, USNM); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 6/5/1951, H.S.Wallace, No.1811 (1, UMMZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 7/3/1951, H.S.Wallace, No.1833 (1, UMMZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 7/6/1951, H.S.Wallace, No.1836 (2, UMMZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 7/7/1951, H.S.Wallace, No.1838 (6, UMMZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 5/8/1951, H.S.Wallace, No.1770 (2, UMMZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 5/6/1951, H.S.Wallace, No.1769 (1, UMMZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 4/10/1951, H.S.Wallace, No.1754 (1, UMMZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 3/21/1951, H.S.Wallace, No.1754 (1, UMMZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 6/9/1951, H.S.Wallace, No.1752 (1, UMMZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 7/4/1951, H.S.Wallace, No.1834 (2, UMMZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 7/10/1951, H.S.Wallace, No.1841 (2, UMMZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 7/22/1951, H.S.Wallace, No.1857 (1, UMMZ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 7/8/1951, H.S.Wallace, No.1840 (1, UM); AZ, Pinal Co., 10 mi. S of Casa Grande, 5/29/1942, E.R.Tinkham, (1, HEH); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, 8/6/1959, K.V.Krombein, (1, USNM); AZ, Pima Co., Ajo, 4/23/1952, E.R.Tinkham, red tag T9 (1, USNM); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/11/1956, Fida, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 3/28/1958, Howell, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/20/1956, Robertson, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, ?/11/1956, ?, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/9/1956, Massman, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/4/1952, Simons, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 6/30/1952, G.D.Butler, at light (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 3/28/1957, Howell, (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 5/3/1956, Brandt, (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 3/1/1956, ?, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/9/1956, Togi, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 3/6/1951, Yunt, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 3/14/1951, Platt, (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 6/27/1954, M.Crazier, (1, AMNH); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 6/30/1949, 2200’, G.M.Brandt, (3, AMNH); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 6/11/1954, M.Crazier, (1, AMNH); AZ, Pima Co., Ajo, 8/16/1952, C & P Vaurie, (2, AMNH); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/4/1950, R.W.Simpson, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 3/31/1950, R.W.Simpson, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/10/1950, R.W.Simpson, (1, UAIC); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 10/4/1959, V.Roth, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 7/30/1954, F.G.Werner, lt. (5, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, 7/9/1952, Beamer, LaBerge, Wolf, Liang & Winer, (1, SEMC); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mts., 7/2/1956, Butler & Werner, lt. (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/13/1944, M.H.Froat, Jr., (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 6/17/1930, J.Yuill, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/9/1940, S.L.Green, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 3/28/1943, T.J.Smith, in house, Lot 102 Sublot 416 (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/?/1952, Nelson, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 6/18/1932, R.A.Flock, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 6/7/1932, R.A.Flock, (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 6/27/1932, R.A.Flock, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 6/20/1932, R.A.Flock, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 7/5/1932, R.A.Flock, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 7/7/1932, R.A.Flock, (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 7/1/1932, R.A.Flock, (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 7/4/1932, R.A.Flock, (1, UAIC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., near mouth of Peck Canyon, 4/17/1950, R.B.Miller, P.M. (1, UMMZ); AZ, Pima Co., Ajo, 3/31/1923, O.Poling, (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., 4/15/1954, L.M.Martin, (3, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., 4/12/1954, L.M.Martin, (1, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., 7/30/1949, L.M.Martin, (1, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 5/?/1949, (1, LACM); AZ, Maricopa Co., Tempe, 4/14/1951, H.S.Wallace, No.1757 (1, UMMZ); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 7/20/1975, D Foster, (1, NMSU); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 5/10/1964, 24-2600’, J Wehner, (2, FSCA); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 5/3/1964, J Wehner, (1, FSCA); CA, Yuma, H.Wickham, (1, ANSP); CA, Imperial Co., Andrade, 8/4/1966, M.Wasbauer, Fluorescent black light (1, CSCA); CA, Imperial Co., Bard, 7/11/1966, Ratcliff, Argon light trap (1, CSCA). MEXICO, Sonora, Pitiquito, 7/4/1952, C & P Vaurie, (3, AMNH); Sonora, 40 mi. S of Sonoyta, 3/19/1981, Werner, Olson & Burns, (2, UAIC); Sonora, 40 mi. N of El Saguaro, 3/18/1981, Werner, Olson & Borne, (1, UAIC). Determiner label Arenivaga genitalis Hopkins 2011” [white label with black border].

This species is found in south central Arizona, extending south into Mexico and west to southwestern Arizona. See Fig. 68.

Arenivaga genitalis may be diagnosed by the appearance of the right ventral phallomere which has three spines and a knob projecting from the dorsal surface. See Fig. 67.

Male. NB: Holotype is broken and pieces are glued to card. Description is blend of holotype and another complete specimen. Measurements. Holotype TL = 15.8 mm, GW = 7.7 mm, PW = 5.17 mm, PL = 3.60 mm, TL/GW = 2.05, PL/PW = 0.70. EW = 0.40 mm; OW = 0.50 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 15.3–21.8 mm; range of GW 6.9–9.8 mm; range of PW 5.00–6.34 mm; range of PL 3.60–4.66 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.40 × 0.30 mm); vertex medium brown, with small ridges between apices of eyes extending on to ocellar tubercles, scattered short setae; interocellar space concave, light brown. Frons waxy white, concave; bound on either side by ridges extending from inner apex of ocelli outwards to lateral edges of clypeus; scattered long setae on ridges. Anterior portion of frons waxy white, bulbous; clypeal suture demarcates waxy white anteclypeus. See Fig. 66d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent waxy beige; variable length orange-brown setae along anterior margin; dorsal surface of pronotum covered with short orange-brown setae that are denser and longer anteriorly and laterally; pronotal pattern dark orange-brown “panther face”, dark brown in some specimens, with little to no aura (aura usually anterior) and discernible detail. See Fig. 66c.

Body. Wing brace present. Legs and body medium orange-brown; subgenital plate asymmetrical with posterior edge emarginated, rounded apices. See Fig. 66b.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex (up to ~30% of total wing length); color highly variable from light brown, to light orange-brown, to medium and dark brown; always blotchy; surface semi-transparent and matte, or with faint sheen on many specimens. See Fig. 66a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous lightly sclerotized narrow ended hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized; medial margin sclerotized, smooth, concave in ventral view; medial margin smoothly curved at anterior end, shagreened greatly extended knob at posterior end; dorsal edge has central emargination with small spine in center, broader spine posterior to that. Small central sclerite smooth, concave, with field of punctations on interoventral surface. Right ventral phallomere extends from articulation into posterior pointing spine, nearby similarly directed smooth knob with adjacent small spine, and nearby small punctate flange; recedes anteriorly in wavy punctate corrugations; after narrow gap, broad, wavy, punctate arm extending to depth of rest of phallomere. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere missing on holotype. Genital hook with broad pointed head and moderate hook; arm narrow. See Fig. 67.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

USA, Arizona, Mohave Co., Colorado River, Grand Canyon.

Holotype: ♂ in NAUF labeled “Mohave Co. AZ, Colorado R. GC, rm211.5R, 4/13/02, Coll. R.J.Delph, Ex: Light, Old High Water, blue label with ‘3’, ” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga grandiscanyonensis Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (2): USA: AZ, Coconino Co., Colorado River GC, 5/10/2001, J Rundall, rm160.5L, ex.light old high water, blue label ‘3’, 1 specimen--NAU 106 (2, NAUF). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga grandiscanyonensis Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

This species is named for the only place this species has been documented, the Grand Canyon.

This species is found at the base of the Grand Canyon, Arizona. See Fig. 71.

Arenivaga grandiscanyonensis may be confused with Arenivaga pagana but may be distinguished by the shagreened tongue arching anteriorly out of the central field of the right dorsal phallomere. See Figs 70 and 121.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 18.8 mm, GW = 9.2 mm, PW = 4.90 mm, PL = 4.28 mm, TL/GW = 2.04, PL/PW = 0.87. EW = 0.35 mm; OW = 0.30 mm. No notable differences in measurements among paratypes.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.35 × 0.25 mm); vertex medium brown with small ridges in rays around upper apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, light brown, lighter brown medially, with two vertical indentations. Frons waxy white, posterior slightly concave; anterior portion of frons bulbous and waxy white; waxy white smooth anteclypeus. See Fig. 69d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with short orange-brown setae that are slightly thicker laterally; pronotal pattern orange-brown “panther face”, little discernible detail; no aura. See Fig. 69c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body pale beige; subgenital plate light brown with darker margin; asymmetrical with angular apices. See Fig. 69b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (~30% of wing length); translucent light beige and hyaline. See Fig. 69a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of a bulbous lightly sclerotized bulbous lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field with anteriorly projecting flat shagreened arm with toothed edge. Small central sclerite with smooth curved sculpturing, posterior edge flattened and shagreened with laterally projecting smooth flap; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form smooth rounded structure becoming lightly punctate anteriorly; attached anteriorly is broad dorsally projecting punctate arm that extends only to depth of rest of phallomere. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere finely punctate, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with short extension to pointed head with short hook and distinct bend in arm. See Fig. 70.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

(169). USA, AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Canyon W side of Baboquivari Mts., 7/23-27/1952, Leech & Green (2, CAS); AZ, Pima Co., Brown’s Canyon E side of Baboquivari Mts., 7/29-30/1952, Leech & Green (8, CAS); AZ, Co., Miami, 8/6/1941, E.L.Todd (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 7/1-15/1924, 4000’, O.C.Poling (23, UMMZ ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 7/24/1941, L.H.Banker (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 11/1-15/1928, O.C.Poling (1, MCZ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 9/?/1924, 4000’, O.C.Poling (1, UMMZ ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 9/15-30/1923, 5000’, O.C.Poling (5, UMMZ ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts. Camp, 7/4/1970, CA & WE Triplehorn (1, OSUC); AZ, Pima Co., SASI:Tucson Mountain Park, 9/17/1998, M.Ture, UV, Blattaria, Blattidae (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, S.R.Exp.Range, 9/20/2005, A.Beyerlein (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Molino Basin Picnic Area, Catalina Mts., 8/21/1973, 4690’, Garrison & Kolner, at light (1, ASUT); AZ, Cochise Co., Guadalupe Canyon, 29 mi. E of Douglas, 8/15-16/1972, J.Doyen, black light trap (1, EMEC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Pena Blanca Canyon, 0.4 mi. NE of Castle Rock, 9/19/1973, 4200’, S.L.Szerlip, at blacklight (1, EMEC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Pena Blanca Lake, 8/12/1993, 31.38N, 111.08W, B.V.Brown (1, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Chutum Vaya canyon, W slope of Baboquivari Mts., 8/4/1966, 31.43N, 111.37W, 3250’, F.Werner family, light trap (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson Mtn. Park caretaker’s house, 10/19/1981, S.Pechal (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Molino Basin, Santa Catalina Mts., 7/28/1968, F.Werner (3, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Brown’s Canyon E side of Baboquivari Mts., 8/8/1953, G.D.Butler (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Brown’s Canyon E side of Baboquivari Mts., 9/6/1958, Menke & Stange (1, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Brown’s Canyon E side of Baboquivari Mts., 9/5-6/1953, L.Martin (6, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Quinlan Mts., 9/3/1931, E.R.Tinkham (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, 9/6/1951, E.R.Tinkham (2, USNM); AZ, Pima Co., Molino Basin, Santa Catalina Mts., 8/29/1951, C.D.MacNeill (2, EMEC); AZ, Pima Co., Kits Peak, Baboquivari Mts., 8/1-4/1916, 31.57N, 111.33W, 4050’, (2, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 11/1-15/1923, O.C.Poling (5, UMMZ ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 6/15-30/1924, 4000’, O.C.Poling (11, UMMZ ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 9/1-15/1923, 5000’, O.C.Poling (14, UMMZ ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 11/1-10/1923, O.C.Poling (1, UMMZ ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 5/15-30/1924, 4000’, O.C.Poling (8, UMMZ ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 10/1-15/1923, O.C.Poling (2, UMMZ ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 7/15-30/1924, 4000’, O.C.Poling (1, UMMZ ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari, 6/1-15/1924, (1, UMMZ ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 10/15-30/1923, O.C.Poling (4, UMMZ ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., F.H.Snow (1, ANSP); TX, Brewster Co., Chisos Mts. Juniper Canyon, 7/17/1928, F.M.Gaige, 238 (6, UMMZ ); TX, Brewster Co., Chisos Mts. Juniper Canyon, 7/21/1928, F.M.Gaige, 237 (4, UMMZ ); TX, Brewster Co., Chisos Mts. Upper Juniper Spr., 7/18-30/192?, F.M.Gaige (1, UMMZ ); TX, Brewster Co., Chisos Mts. Juniper Canyon, 7/12/1928, F.M.Gaige, 183 (1, UMMZ ); TX, Brewster Co., Chisos Mts. Juniper Canyon, 7/8/1928, F.M.Gaige, 150 (1, UMMZ ); TX, Brewster Co., Big Bend Basin, Big Bend NP, 6/27-7/4/1965, A & M Blanchard (2, LACM); TX, Brewster Co., Chisos Mts. Below the Basin area, 10/7/1982, E.G.Riley (1, TAMU); TX, Brewster Co., BBNP Green Gulch, 8/2/2003, 29.17.19N 103.16.37W, 4900’, E.G.Riley, UV light (15) (1, TAMU); TX, Brewster Co., BBNP Pine Canyon Camp Area no. 4, 10/1/2005, 29.15.59N 103.14.04W, 4700’, Raber & Riley, 57 (1, TAMU); TX, Brewster Co., The Basin, Big Bend NP, 10/4/1956, J.W.MacSwain (2, EMEC); TX, Brewster Co., Big Bend NP, Chisos Mt. Basin, 5/27/1974, J.R.Powers (1, EMEC); TX, Brewster Co., Chisos Mts., 7/9-12/1948, 5260’, Nutting & Werner, pinon-juniper-oak, Arenivaga rehni Hebard det.W.Nutting ‘50 (1, UAIC); MEXICO, Durango, Tlahualilo, 7/20/1934, CS Rude, 490 (2, TAMU); Durango, Tlahualilo, 7/1/1934, Mrs. CS Rude, 329 (1, TAMU); Durango, Tlahualilo, 5/27/1935, CS Rude, 1087 (1, TAMU); Durango, Tlahualilo, 7/19/1934, CS Rude, 478 (1, TAMU); Durango, Tlahualilo, 8/2/1934, CS Rude, 619 (1, TAMU); Durango, Tlahualilo, 8/16/1934, CS Rude, 891 (1, TAMU); Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, 6/20/1953, C & P Vaurie, D.Rockefeller Mex.Exp.1953 (1, AMNH); Durango, Tlahualilo, 8/15/1934, Mrs. CS Rude, 884 (2, TAMU); Durango, Tlahualilo, 8/12/1934, CS Rude, 876 (1, TAMU); Durango, Tlahualilo, 7/9/1934, Mrs. CS Rude, 424 (1, TAMU); Durango, Tlahualilo, 8/7/1934, CS Rude, 682 (1, TAMU); Durango, Tlahualilo, 6/24/1934, CS Rude, 228 (1, TAMU); Durango, Gomez, Palacio, 5/?/1918, A.Busck. (2, USNM); Durango, Gomez, Palacio, 5/?/1918, A.Busck., Arenivaga bolliana Sauss. Det. A.N.C. (1, USNM); Durango, Tlahualilo, 5/15/1935, CS Rude, 1092 (1, TAMU); San Luis Potosi, Las Tablas, 10/11/1931, A Dampf (1, ANSP); Sonora, Guaymas area, Nacapule Canyon, 10/17/2003, 28.01N, 111.03W, SIB 2003.0038 (1, UAIC); Chihuahua, 63 mi. W of Santa Barbara, 7/20/1947, 5500 ft., Spieth, D.Rockefeller Exp. (1, AMNH); Coahuila, San Lorenzo, 5/?/1920, SH Scudder, 1214, Palmer, ex MCZ (1, ANSP); Coahuila, 17 mi. SE of Saltillo, 7/8/1980, Taylor & Sullivan (1, LACM); Coahuila, Torreon, 6/6/1927, A. Dampf (1, ANSP); AZ, Cochise Turkey Creek, 8/11/1975, S McCleve, lite (3, FSAC); TX, Chisos Mts. Basin, 6/25/1963, GH Nelson & family, ultraviolet light (1, FSAC); Coahuila, 28 mi SW Saltillo on road to Jame, 7/18/1963, RH Arnett, Jr., ER Van Tassell, Lot No. 747 (1, FSAC); Sonora, Rancho los Alisos, 9.4 km WSW of Aconchi, Sierra Aconchi, 9/2/12, 29.79833N, 110.31072W, 1301 m, TR Van Devender, AL Reina, Rocky canyon, sycamore riparian deciduous forest, oak woodland on slopes. (2(one in alcohol), HEH). Determiner label Arenivaga grata Hopkins 2011” [white label with black border].

This species is found in southeastern Arizona, with scattered records extending south into and across Mexico to the west side of the Sierra Madre Oriental, and an isolated record from far southern Texas. See Fig. 74.

Arenivaga grata may be confused phenotypically with Arenivaga bolliana but their distributions are distinct. If locality information is not available Arenivaga grata may be diagnosed by the unusual shape of the hook-shaped lobe and the prominent shagreened ridge running interior to the point of articulation, both on the right dorsal phallomere. See Fig. 73.

Male. Measurements. Holotype stand-in TL = 26.8 mm, GW = 11.5 mm, PW = 7.55 mm, PL = 5.16 mm, TL/GW = 2.33, PL/PW = 0.68. EW = 0.40 mm; OW = 0.70 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 21.4–29.2 mm; range of GW 9.5–12.8 mm; range of PW 6.36–8.35 mm; range of PL 4.22–5.38 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.50 × 0.40 mm); vertex dark brown, with small ridges between apices of eyes extending on to ocellar tubercles, scattered short setae; interocellar space concave, medium to light brown; two round medium brown indentations laterally at the base of the interocellar space. Frons light brown, slightly concave; bound on either side by ridges extending from inner apex of ocelli outwards to lateral edges of clypeus; scattered setae on ridges. Anterior portion of frons light brown, bulbous; clypeal suture demarcates light brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 72d.

Pronotum. Pronotum with translucent waxy beige anterior margin; variable length orange-brown setae along anterior margin; dorsal surface of pronotum covered with short orange-brown setae; pronotal pattern medium orange-brown “panther face”, with little detail and complete lateral and posterior aura in light orange-brown; pronotal pattern runs from light orange-brown to dark brown in other specimens, pattern always little discernible, aura always complete laterally and posteriorly. See Fig. 72c.

Body. Wing brace absent. Legs and body medium orange-brown; subgenital plate asymmetrical with posterior edge only slightly emarginated, rounded apices. See Fig. 72b.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex (up to ~35% of total wing length); medium orange-brown with darker blotches; color variable in species from medium orange-brown, to medium and dark brown, always blotchy; surface opaque and matte. See Fig. 72a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of slightly bulbous lightly sclerotized narrow ended hook-shaped lobe with little to no curve to hook, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized; medial margin straight and contiguous with medial edge of hook-shaped lobe, lightly sclerotized, smooth, with no sculpturing of any kind. Small central sclerite nondescript in shape, flat, finely punctate. Right ventral phallomere extends from articulation into posterior pointing punctate lobe with small dorsal projection on posterior end; after moderate gap, broad, punctate flange with shagreened emarginate edge, extending to depth of rest of phallomere. Genital hook with broad pointed head and moderate hook with bent tip; arm broad and smoothly curving. See Fig. 73.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

MEXICO, Durango, near Pedricena.

Holotype: ♂ in ANSP labeled “near Pedricena, Durango, Mex, 8/27/1932, Hobart & Smith, ANS Lot 467” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga gumperzae Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (33): USA: TX, Pecos Co., 28 mi S of Ft. Stockton, 6/3/1998, R Turnbow, Blacklight (2, FSCA); TX, Kerrville, 9/?/1961 (1, TAMU); TX, Val Verde Co., Seminole Canyon State Historic Area, 8/30/1986, East, Kovarick & Haack (1, TAMU); TX, Kerrville, 9/4/1964, WF Chamberlain (1, TAMU); TX, Val Verde Co., Seminole Canyon State Historic Area, 4/1-7/1985, CB Barr, human dung pitfall (1, EMEC); TX, Presidio, 9/16/1929, ER Tinkham, (1, ANSP); TX, Pecos Co., 28 mi S of Ft. Stockton, Hwy. 385 rest stop, 4/19/1997, 30.28.57N 102.55.52W, E Riley, 469, (1, TAMU); TX, LaSalle Co., Chaparral WMA, Pasture 11, 9/11-10/10/2003, B Raber, pitfall, acacia area (1, TAMU); TX, Dimmit Co., 7/12/1940 (1, TAMU); TX, BBNP, Big Bend Basin, 6/27-7/4/1965, A & ME Blanchard (1, LACM); TX, Presidio, 3/26-5/15/1951, JH Russell, at lights (1, USNM). MEXICO: Coahuila, 5 mi. S of Monclova, 8/9/1977, EI Schlinger (1, EMEC); Coahuila, La Gloria, S of Monclova, 8/24/1947, 3300 ft., Cazier, D Rockefeller Exp. (6, AMNH); Coahuila, Torreon, 6/15/1957 (1, EMEC); Coahuila, 26 mi. E of Cuatro Cienegas, 8/2/1959, 1850 ft., TJ Cohn, #131 (4, UMMZ); Coahuila, 5 mi S of Hermanas, 8/1/1959, 1350 ft., TJ Cohn, #129 (1, UMMZ); Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 4/23/1957, colectado por estudiante, Rockefeller Collection, return to Cantrell (2, UMMZ); Tamps, Santa Engracia, 11/2/1953, J Salazar, colectado por estudiante, Rockefeller Collection, return to Cantrell (1, UMMZ); Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, 12/12/1991, WF Chamberlain, at light (1, TAMU). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga gumperzae Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the genitive case. This species is named for the author’s close friend, Linda Gumperz, who lost a short, brave battle with pancreatic cancer four days before the start of the author’s PhD program. The first one is for you Linda, as promised.

This species is distributed from Ft. Stockton, Pecos County, Texas in the north, to Pedricena, Durango, Mexico and Linares, Nuevo Leon, Mexico in the south. The western limit is Presidio, Presidio County, Texas and the eastern is Falcon State Recreation Area, Zapata County, Texas. See Fig. 77.

Arenivaga gumperzae may be distinguished by the long posteriorly projecting extension of the medial margin of the right dorsal phallomere, which ends in a two-pronged hook. See Fig. 76.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 19.0 mm, GW = 8.6 mm, PW = 6.3 mm, PL = 4.2 mm, TL/GW = 2.21, PL/PW = 0.67. Dimensions are average for the genus, approximating those of Arenivaga erratica. EW = 0.5 mm; OW = 0.4 mm. In paratypes, no notable variations in dimensions from those of holotype.

Head. Two ocelli, large, ovoid and protruding (0.4 × 0.3 mm); vertex dark brown, interocellar space deeply concave, dark brown. Frons concave, cream with pale brown edges and strongly demarcated from interocellar space; anterior frons cream, bulbous; anteclypeus cream and smooth. See Fig. 76d.

Pronotum. Pronotum light brown; dorsal surface of pronotum covered in setae which are longer and denser anteriorly; pronotal pattern dark brown “panther face”; with scattered fine dark brown maculae; slight aural lines laterally and slight anterior aura. See Fig. 76c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body pale brown subgenital plate asymmetrical, with rounded apices. See Fig. 76b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (~ 50% of wing length); wings in most specimens light brown and opaque with long dark brown lines running apically from humeral angle; with scattered brown maculations. See Fig. 76a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of large bulbous lightly sclerotized hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side. Posterior margin with strongly sclerotized ridge that extends towards posterior abdominal opening and ends in two hooks set at approximately right angles to each other. Small central sclerite with U-shaped structure positioned horizontally and intersecting with ridge of other phallomere. Dorsal arm of U-shaped structure longer than ventral arm, each with pointed apices. Right ventral phallomere extending from articulation to form structure rounded at posterior apex but with corrugations at anterior apical end, with rounded concave arm extending beyond depth of rest of phallomere. Left phallomere unmodified. Genital hook with moderate extension to pointed head and short hook; arm with bend. See Fig. 77.

This species occurs in terrain that is dry, hot, and sandy. All other life history elements remain unobserved.

MEXICO, Michoacan, Acahuato.

Holotype: ♂ in USNM labeled “Acahuato, Michoacan, MEXICO, Alt. 3000 ft., August 19, 1941, Coll. H. Hoogstraal” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga gurneyi Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (7): MEXICO: Michoacan, Acahuato, 8/19/1941, 3000 ft., H Hoogstraal (1, USNM); Michoacan, Acahuato, 8/19/1941, 3000 ft., H Hoogstraal, ‘035’ on 2 specimens (3, ANSP); San Jose Purua [locality decision by HHopkins 2012, specimens sent to ANSP], 8/4/1947, Hodge, Data uncertain. “San Jose Purua, Mex., VII-4-1947, Hodge” but may be San Jose de Pimas in Sonora near Hermosillo. Also may belong to ANSP, as I suspect this. 3 males. ABG (3, ANSP). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga gurneyi Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the genitive case. This species is named for the late Dr. Ashley B. Gurney, who with Dr. David Nickle was the last to work on revising Arenivaga.

This species is found in the state of Michoacan, Mexico. See Fig. 80.

Arenivaga gurneyi may be distinguished by the very short hook-shaped lobe on the right dorsal phallomere and the curious shape of the medial margin on same. See Fig. 79.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 19.2 mm, GW = 9.8 mm, PW = 6.79 mm, PL = 4.43 mm, TL/GW = 1.96, PL/PW = 0.65. EW = 0.25 mm; OW = 0.50 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 18.0–21.6 mm; range of GW 8.7–10.3 mm; range of PW 6.30–7.73 mm; range of PL 4.20–5.03 mm.

Head. Two ocelli, somewhat smaller and rounder than usual, ovoid and protruding (0.35 × 0.30 mm); vertex medium brown, with small ridges between apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, medium brown. Frons light brown; posterior tectiform horizontally with fine corrugations. Anterior frons slightly bulbous, light brown; light brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 78d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with orange-brown setae, dense in some specimens; pronotal pattern impressed, medium orange-brown, with lighter or much darker orange-brown aura depending on specimen; area of pattern too dark and often too setose to discern detail. See Fig. 78c.

Body. Wing brace absent. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body medium orange-brown; subgenital plate orange-brown; asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 78b.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex (up to 30% of total wing length); blotchy medium to dark brown; surface opaque and matte. See Fig. 78a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of lightly sclerotized cup, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; posterior projecting bulbous lobe entirely absent; medial edge with small smooth projection posteriorly, becoming more heavily sclerotized and punctate anteriorly, making right angle extending medially, ending in shagreened knob. Small central sclerite lightly sclerotized, finely punctate, existing only as flap attached to dorsal side of right angle and knob of dorsal phallomere. Articulation between right phallomeres deep, concave and setose, with toothed border adjacent to dorsal phallomere posterior end of which projects out to point. Right ventral phallomere consists of large punctate medially projecting lobe with central indentation; anteriorly is attached large shagreened anteriorly oriented pointed lobe. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere wide, setose, enclosed at both ends, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook widely curving to short point; arm slender. See Fig. 79.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

USA, Arizona, Mohave Co., near Kingman.

Holotype: ♂ in NVDA labeled “2 mi NE Gold Butte, NV, Clark Co., VI-16-1988, R.C. Bechtel, J.L. Carpenter, . J.B. Knight Collectors, Black Light Trap” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga haringtoni Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (6): USA: AZ, Yuma Co., Alamo Crossing, 9/7/1959, CE Benson (1, UAIC); AZ, Mohave Co., near Kingman, 7/9/1920, OC Poling, A.erratica (Rehn) det. Hebard 1932 (1, ANSP); AZ, Yuma Co., (now La Paz Co.), Alamo Crossing, 9/7/193?, C.E.Benson (1, UAIC); NV, Clark Co., 2 mi NE Gold Butte, 7/14/1977, RC Bechtel, JB Knight & DF Zoller Black Light Trap (2, NVDA); NV, Clark Co., Cedar Basin, 7/22/1976, 4400 ft., RC Bechtel, JB Knight & DF Zoller, Black Light Trap (1, NVDA). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga haringtoni Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the genitive case. This species is named in honor of Donald Harington, author of “The Cockroaches of Stay More”, a priceless novel about wonderful animals.

This species is found in west central Arizona and southeastern Nevada. See Fig. 83.

Arenivaga haringtoni may be distinguished by its dark brown color as it is the only species of its color found in its range. If locality information is not available it may be distinguished by the long medial margin on the right dorsal phallomere, which extends posteriorly some distance beyond the rest of the phallomere. See Fig. 82.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 17.6 mm, GW = 8.7 mm, PW = 5.82 mm, PL = 4.04 mm, TL/GW = 2.02, PL/PW = 0.69. EW = 0.65 mm; OW = 0.45 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 16.9–18.3 mm; range of GW 7.6–10.7 mm; range of PW 5.33–6.28 mm; range of PL 4.04–4.45 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.35 × 0.25 mm); vertex dark brown with small ridges in rays around upper apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; pale medial line; interocellar space concave, dark brown, light brown medially, with two oval indentations. Frons translucent beige, posterior concave; anterior portion of frons bulbous and translucent beige; translucent beige smooth anteclypeus. See Fig. 81d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent, waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with short orange-brown setae that are thicker and longer laterally; pronotal pattern dark brown to red-brown “panther face”, with some discernible detail and extensive aura, generally on all sides. See Fig. 81c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body light brown; sternites medium brown laterally; subgenital plate light brown with darker posterior edge; asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 81b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (~40% of wing length); color varies from uniform medium brown to blotchy medium brown; surface may be matte and opaque or translucent and lustrous. See Fig. 81a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of lightly sclerotized bulbous lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized; medial margin more heavily sclerotized, shagreened with rough edge, very slightly arcuate centrally. Small central sclerite nearly flat, nondescript in shape, finely punctate, rugose anteriorly; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form smooth rounded structure becoming punctate and corrugated anteriorly; attached anteriorly is mildly dorsally projecting flanged concave punctate arm that extends beyond depth of rest of phallomere, exterior surface shagreened. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere setose and punctate, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with long extension to pointed head, and slight indentation on moderate hook; distinct bend in arm. See Fig. 82.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

MEXICO, Sonora, Ciudad Obregon.

Holotype: ♂ in UAIC labeled “CD. OBREGON, SON. MEXICO, 9-VIII-1960, at light, Wm. W. Gibson Collector” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga hebardi Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (3): MEXICO: Sonora, Obregon, 7/29/1952, C & P Vaurie (2, AMNH); Sonora, Ciudad Obregon, 8/9/1960, WW Gibson, at light (1, UAIC). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga hebardi Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the genitive case. This species is named for the great Orthoptera researcher of the early 20^th century and last reviser of this genus, Morgan Hebard.

This species is found in and around Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico. See Fig. 86.

Arenivaga hebardi may be distinguished by the robust double hook at the posterior and of the medial margin of the right dorsal phallomere. See Fig. 85.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 17.7 mm, GW = 8.4 mm, PW = 5.94 mm, PL = 4.22 mm, TL/GW = 2.11, PL/PW = 0.71. EW = 0.15 mm; OW = 0.30 mm. No notable size variation among paratypes.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.50 × 0.40 mm); vertex medium brown, with small ridges between apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, medium brown, with arrowhead-shaped indentation. Frons light brown; posterior concave, with shallow horizontal corrugations; anterior portion of frons bulbous, light brown; wide light brown anteclypeus with medial point. See Fig. 84d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with dense very short light orange-brown setae; pronotal pattern medium orange-brown “hippo face” with some discernible detail; no aura. See Fig. 84c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body light orange-brown; subgenital plate light orange-brown with darker border; asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 84b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (up to ~30% of wing length); blotchy medium orange-brown; surface matte and opaque. See Fig. 84a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of lightly sclerotized, broad bulbous lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized, slightly cupped; medial edge more sclerotized, smooth, with robust posteriorly projecting spine and immediately adjacent medially projecting smaller spine. Small central sclerite lightly sclerotized, finely punctate, concave, anterior end with smooth posteriorly projecting ridge; smooth flat point at dorsal end of ridge with one or two very small spines along rest of ridge. Right ventral phallomere arises from articulation to form large punctate rounded lobe, becoming more sclerotized, corrugated, shagreened and narrow anteriorly; small shagreened fold in moderate gap followed by wide dorsally flanged, concave arm, smooth to punctate, extending to slightly greater depth than rest of phallomere. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere narrow and setose, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with short extension to pointed head; short hook; arm delicate with distinct bend. See Fig. 85.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

USA, Arizona, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales.

Holotype: ♂ in USNM labeled “Nogales, Ariz., July 9, 1965, J.E.Mills” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga hopkinsorum Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (319): USA: AZ, Pima Co., Brown Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., 9/6/1953, L Martin (3, LACM); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 7/15/1952, DJ & JN Knull (7, OSUC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 7/7/1949, DJ & JN Knull (6, OSUC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 7/7/1949, DJ & JN Knull (1, FSCA); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 6/7/1961, JM Kaiser, at lights (2, USNM); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 7/8/1961, FA Allen, 61-19807 (1, USNM); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 6/30/1903, Oslar, Homoeogamia apache Sauss, 8 (1, USNM); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Patagonia, 8/7/1940, at lights (1, UCRC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 6/15/1967, R Rice, under metal sheet (19, UAIC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 12/3/1966, R Rice, under metal sheet (2, UAIC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Baboquivari Mts., 8/3/1967, Hessel & Ritchie, 46001 (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Brown Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., 8/4/1962, Werner & Johnson, UV Light trap (3, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Tucson, 4/3/1959, RS Beal (1, ASUT); AZ, Pima Co., Organ Pipe Cactus NM, 4/3/1966, CW Obrien, Dripping Springs at night (1, FSCA); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 8/4/1966, 31.43N, 111.37W, 3250 ft., Werner family, Chutum Vaya Canyon, W. slope (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 8/8/1988, Werner & Olson, Solano Canyon, UV (1, UAIC); AZ, Pinal Co., Jct. Hwy. 84 & I8, 7/23/2000, WB Warner, lights (1, WB Warner); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Pena Blanca Lake, 7/9/1994, M Siner, Arenivaga sp. Det. B. Mathison 1994 (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Kitt Peak, 6/17/1990, 1370-2130 m, DB & BI Weissman #90-52 (2, CAS); AZ, Pima Co., Brown Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., 6/27-28/1957, at lights (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 4/28/1938, JA Comstock (1, LACM); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 7/25/1903, Oslar (1, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Sabino Canyon, 8/12/1932, RH Beamer Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) Det. Hebard 1935 (1, SEMC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Tumacacori Pk., Tumacacori Mts., 7/28/1948, WL Nutting, chaparral area, WLN (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Brown Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., 7/27/1948, 3800 ft., Nutting & Werner, at lights, sycamore-oak-mesquite, WLN (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., FH Snow, Homoeogamia erratica Rehn (1, CSCA); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 7/17/1950, RH & LD Beamer (7, SEMC); AZ, Pima Co., Brown Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., 6/8/1952, Cazier, Gertsch & Schrammel (14, AMNH); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 4 mi. N of Jct. Hwy.289 & I9, 7/27/1977, JD Pinto, Black light (2, UCRC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., 12 mi. E of Nogales, 9/1/1969, PN Jump (1, LACM); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Rio Rico, 8/5/1995, BC & WB Warner (1, WB Warner); AZ, Pima Co., Sycamore Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., 10/6-9/1910, 3700 ft., Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) Hebard Collection (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Kitt Peak, Baboquivari Mts., 8/1-4/1916, 31.57N, 111.33W, 4050 ft., Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) Det. Hebard 1917, 1 specimen-figured 1920 (3, ANSP); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Patagonia Mts., Solano Canyon, 8/8/1988, Werner, UV (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., near Kitt Peak, Baboquivari Mts., 9/7-9/1916, 32.0N, 111.36W, 3600 ft. (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 4/28/1925, 4500 ft., AA Nichol (1, ANSP); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Pena Blanca Lake, 7/20/1972, 3950 ft., B Harding (2, LACM); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Washington Mts., Nogales, 7/15/1920 (1, ANSP); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 6/30/1903 (1, ANSP); AZ, Pinal Co., I10 rest stop 33 mi. SE of Phoenix, 7/16/2009, W Warner, Na Lights (1, WB Warner); AZ, Pima Co., Brown Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., 7/9/1959, V Roth (1, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Brown Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., 6/1-15/1923, 5000 ft., O Poling (9, ANSP); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., W.slope Patagonia Mts. on Lochiel Rd., 7/28/1958, 5330 ft., W Nutting, mesquite-chaparral, WLN, 1 specimen-Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) det.WL Nutting 1950 (2, UAIC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Cayetano Mts. near Calabasas, 2/16/1919, 3800 ft., RD Camp 2122, Arenivaga apacha (Saussure) 1920 det. TH Hubbell (1, UMMZ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 5/1-15/1924, OC Poling, Arenivaga apacha (Saussure) det. TH Hubbell 1932 (1, UMMZ); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 11/5/1966, R Rice, under metal sheet (1, UAIC); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 4/16/1966, R Rice, under metal sheet (2, UAIC); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., FH Snow, 1 specimen-Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) det. Hebard 1926 (2, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Allison Dam, Fresnal Mts., Baboquivari Mts., 4/22/1923, O Poling (5, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Brown Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., 4/15-30/1923, 5000 ft., O Poling (10, ANSP); AZ, Santa Rita Mts., 6/12/1936, RA Flock (1, ANSP); AZ, Patagonia, 7/29/1941, RH Beamer (1, ANSP); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Tumacacori Mts., Yanks Spring, Sycamore Canyon, 8/3/1952, Leech & Green (1, CAS); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Patagonia Mts., 2.5 mi. W of Harshaw, 8/2/1952, Leech & Green (1, CAS); AZ, Santa Cruz, Patagonia on Sonoita Cr., 10/14/1927, JA Kusche (1, CAS); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Washington Mts., Nogales, 7/15/1920, JA Kusche, 1 specimen-Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) det. Hebard 1924 (3, CAS); AZ, Pima Co., Brown Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., 7/29-30/1952, Leech & Green (3, CAS); AZ, Pima Co., W. side of Baboquivari Canyon, Baboquivari Mts., 7/25-27/1952, Leech & Green (3, CAS); AZ, Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., Cave Creek, 7/?/1927, 6-9800 ft., JA Kusche (1, CAS); AZ, Huachuca Mts., 8/20/1903, Oslar, Univ. of Kan. Lot 968 (2, ANSP); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 6/28/1957, Spitzer, 57 10547 (1, USNM); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 7/10/1947, Byers, 47 10508 (1, USNM); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 6/17/1903, Oslar (1, USNM); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Nogales, 8/23/1903, Oslar (1, USNM); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 9/1-15/1923, 5000 ft., OC Poling, 13 specimens-Arenivaga apacha (Saussure) det. TH Hubbell 1932 (14, UMMZ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 5/15-30/1924, 4000 ft., OC Poling, 4 specimens-Arenivaga apacha (Saussure) det. TH Hubbell 1931/2 (35, UMMZ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 5/1-15/1924, OC Poling, 14 specimens-Arenivaga apacha (Saussure) det. TH Hubbell 1932 (15, UMMZ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 6/15-30/1924, 4000 ft., OC Poling, Arenivaga apacha (Saussure) det. TH Hubbell 1932 (4, UMMZ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 9/?/1924, 4000 ft., OC Poling, 2 specimens-Arenivaga apacha (Saussure) det. TH Hubbell 1932 (3, UMMZ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 7/1-15/1924, 4000 ft., OC Poling (1, UMMZ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 11/1-15/1923, OC Poling, Arenivaga apacha (Saussure) det. TH Hubbell 1932 (1, UMMZ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 10/?/1924, 4-5000 ft., OC Poling (1, UMMZ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 6/1-15/1924, OC Poling (1, UMMZ); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 9/15-30/1923, OC Poling, Arenivaga apacha (Saussure) det. TH Hubbell 1932 (2, UMMZ); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Pena Blanca, Oro Blanco Mts., 5/27/1963, LM Martin (1, LACM); AZ, Santa Cruz Co., Pena Blanca, Oro Blanco Mts., 8/2/1960; LM Martin (1, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Baboquivari Mts., 4/24/1938, JA Comstock (1, LACM); AZ, Pima Co., Ajo, 3/25/1923, O Poling (1, ANSP); CA, San Bernardino, dry bed Mojave R. 6 mi. E of Yermo, 8/27/1952, Leech & Green (1, CAS); MEXICO: Sonora, Hermosillo, 6/21/1957, Chemsak & Rannells, at light (8, EMEC); Sonora, San Carlos, Caracol Penn., 5/19/2003, 27.57N, 111.03W, SIB 2003.0000, blue tag 9000 (2, UAIC); Sonora, NW San Carlos near Rancho Palo Fiero, 5/20/2003, 27.58N, 111.05W, SIB2003.0010, blue tag 9000 (2, UAIC); Sonora, Aconchi Rio Sonora, dry wash, 6/12/1982, Olson, Thomas & Burne (2, UAIC); Sonora, Hermosillo, 7/9-16/1953, B Malkin (1, CAS); Sonora, 5 mi. S of Santa Ana, 7/10/1970, B & R Harding (2, LACM); Sonora, Pitiquito, 7/4/1952, C & P Vaurie (1, ANSP); Sonora, 5 mi. NE of Magdalene, 9/27/1953, ER Tinkham (1, USNM); Sonora, Desemboque, 8/1-15/1953, B Malkin (39, CAS); Sonora, Desemboque, 7/17-31/1953, B Malkin (4, CAS); Sonora, Desemboque, 9/1-10/1953, B Malkin (5, CAS); Sonora, Desemboque, 8/20-31/1953, B Malkin (2, CAS); Sonora, Tiburon Island (north end), 7/10/1952, C & P Vaurie (2, AMNH); Sonora, Tiburon Island (south end), 7/13/1952, C & P Vaurie (3, AMNH); Sonora, Puerto Libertad, 2/3/1935, N Bloomfield (1, SDMC). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga hopkinsorum Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the genitive case. This species is named for my parents, Richard and Alberta Hopkins, with deep gratitude for an extraordinary childhood; and all the encouragement since.

This species is found in northwestern Sonora, Mexico and southeastern and south central Arizona. The lone specimen from southern California is believed to have an incorrect label or carried there by an outside agent. See Fig. 89.

Arenivaga hopkinsorum may be confused with Arenivaga adamsi but can be distinguished by the presence of two large spines (and occasionally a small third spine) on the medial margin of the right dorsal phallomere. See Figs 88 and 13.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 18.3 mm, GW = 9.2 mm, PW = 6.10 mm, PL = 4.07 mm, TL/GW = 1.99, PL/PW = 0.67. EW = 0.30 mm; OW = 0.40 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 15.5–22.3 mm; range of GW 7.6–10.3 mm; range of PW 5.25–6.63 mm; range of PL 3.85–4.49 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.40 × 0.30 mm); vertex dark brown with small ridges in rays around upper apex of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, dark brown, lighter brown anteriorly, with horizontal indentation. Frons waxy white, posterior concave; anterior portion of frons bulbous and waxy white; waxy white smooth anteclypeus. See Fig. 87d.

Pronotum. Pronotum opaque, light brown; dorsal surface of pronotum with short orange-brown setae that are thicker and longer laterally; pronotal pattern dark brown “panther face”, in some specimens so dark as to obscure detail; slight lateral and anterior aura. See Fig. 87c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body light brown; sternites of many specimens with fine brown line and brown maculations laterally; subgenital plate light brown; asymmetrical with particularly deep central emargination and angular apices. See Fig. 87b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (up to 50% of wing length); blotchy medium to dark brown depending on specimen; surface matte and opaque. See Fig. 87a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of lightly sclerotized bulbous hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized; medial margin more heavily sclerotized, narrow with two prominent spines. Small central sclerite deeply concave, punctate, with two sclerotized, punctate lobes on ventral wall; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form smooth rounded structure, punctate, with prominent medially projecting spine located posteriorly; attached anteriorly and at an acute angle is mildly dorsally projecting narrowly flanged concave punctate arm that extends beyond depth of rest of phallomere. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere dramatically modified with sclerotized anterior wall and posteriorly projecting spine located ventrally. Genital hook with moderate extension to pointed head with short hook; arm smoothly curving. See Fig. 88.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

MEXICO, Coahuila, 15 mi N San Pedro de las Colonias.

Holotype: ♂ in USNM labeled “MEX: Coahuila 15 miles N of San Pedro de las Colonias, 2 Jul 1959, E.R.T.” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga hypogaios Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (12): MEXICO: San Luis Potosi, Nunez 22 mi. NE of Villa Hidalgo, 8/27/1959, 4900 ft., Cohn & Cantrall, #37 (1, UMMZ); Coahuila, 15 mi. N of San Pedro de Las Cobrias, 7/2/1959, ERT (2, USNM). USA: TX, Terrel Co., Lozier Canyon, 7/8/1948, WL Nutting, Arenivaga sp. near rehni?, Det. WL Nutting 1950 (2, USNM). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga hypogaios Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the nominative singular. This species is named from the Greek meaning underground, in recognition of its subterranean life.

This species is found from the central Texas-Mexico border south through central Mexico including the states of Coahuila and San Luis Potosi. See Fig. 92.

Arenivaga hypogaios may be confused with Arenivaga florilega and Arenivaga galeana but may be distinguished by the difference in genital hooks, and the narrower anterior arm in Arenivaga hypogaios on the right ventral phallomere. Arenivaga hypogaios also has a ridge of serrations on the lateral side of the open field of the right dorsal phallomere which is not present in florilega or galeana. See Figs 91, 58 and 64.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 23.0 mm, GW = 9.7 mm, PW = 6.92 mm, PL = 4.82 mm, TL/GW = 2.37, PL/PW = 0.70. EW = 0.20 mm; OW = 0.50 mm. Among specimens examined range of TL 17.4–23.0 mm; range of GW 8.2–9.7 mm; range of PW 6.34–6.92 mm; range of PL 4.45–4.82 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.50 × 0.40 mm); vertex dark brown, with small ridges between apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, dark brown. Posterior frons light brown, tectiform horizontally then concave; anterior frons light brown, bulbous; light brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 90d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent waxy beige with dark brown posterior border; dorsal surface of pronotum with short orange-brown setae; pronotal pattern dark brown “hippo face”; impressed, no discernible detail; no aura. See Fig. 90c.

Body. Wing brace very small to absent. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body light orange-brown; subgenital plate light orange-brown; asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 90b.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex (up to 40% of total wing length); light brown with widely scattered blotches medium orange-brown to medium brown; surface opaque and matte, or with slight sheen. See Fig. 90a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of lightly sclerotized, long, bulbous lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized, deeply cupped; very short punctate medial edge, short shagreened ridge on lateral side of cup. Small central sclerite lightly sclerotized, finely punctate, flat; posterior end connecting with dorsal side of right dorsal phallomere. Articulation between right phallomeres extends into right ventral phallomere consisting of punctate to shagreened medially projecting lobe that is medially flattened; anteriorly moderate gap followed by small shagreened flange open-ended anteriorly. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere wide, with dense, short setae medially, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with short extension to pointed head and short, wide hook; arm robust with distinct bend. See Fig. 91.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

USA, Arizona, Kingman.

Holotype: ♂ in ANSP labeled “Kingman, Ariz. IX-10-1920 (O.C. Poling)” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga impensa Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (14): USA: AZ, Oak Creek Canyon, 4 mi. N of Sedona, 8/24/1966, RS Beal (1, NAUF); AZ, Indian Garden, Grand Canyon, 7/24/1934, 3800 ft., EL Bell & FE Lutz (2, AMNH); AZ, Coconino Co., Grand Canyon, 6/18/1954, M Cazier (1, AMNH); AZ, Coconino Co., Midgley Bridge, Oak Creek Canyon, 8/25/1952, Leech & Green (1, CAS); AZ, Mohave Co., Hualapai Mts., 7/15/1920, OC Poling (1, ANSP); AZ, Coconino Co., West Fork, Oak Creek Canyon, 9/19/1979, MW Sanderson, A79-31 (1, NAUF); AZ, Yavapai Co., WCCER, 8/18/2007, 34.92N, 112.834W, S Dorr 1 (1, NAUF); AZ, Yavapai Co., Grasshopper Flat, 8/6/1964, TL Bedwell (1, NAUF); AZ, Sawmill Canyon, Hualapai Mts., 8/30/1919, OC Poling (1, ANSP). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga impensa Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is an adjective in the nominative singular. This species is named from the Latin meaning ample, large, or strong because of its large size for Arenivaga.

This species is found in the northwestern corner of Arizona. See Fig. 95.

The external phenotype of Arenivaga impensa may be confused with Arenivaga tonkawa but the genitalia distinguished them. Arenivaga impensa has a narrower hook-shaped lobe than tonkawa and the structures of the medial margin of the right dorsal phallomere are very different. See Figs 94 and 148.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 24.0 mm, GW = 11.1 mm, PW = 7.56 mm, PL = 5.23 mm, TL/GW = 2.16, PL/PW = 0.69. EW = 0.45 mm; OW = 0.60 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 18.7–24.6 mm; range of GW 9.0–11.8 mm; range of PW 6.73–8.14 mm; range of PL 4.40–5.23 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.45 × 0.40 mm); vertex brown with small ridges in rays around upper apex of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space only slightly concave, brown, with three small round indentations at points of an equilateral triangle. Posterior frons concave, brown grading into waxy beige, with horizontal corrugations; anterior portion of frons bulbous and waxy beige; waxy beige smooth anteclypeus. See Fig. 93d.

Pronotum. Pronotum large, translucent waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with short orange-brown setae that are thicker and longer laterally; pronotal pattern orange-brown “panther face”, with little discernible detail; no aura. See Fig. 93c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body light brown; some specimens with brown maculations laterally on each sternite; subgenital plate orange-brown; asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 93b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (~35% of wing length); blotchy orange-brown to medium brown; surface opaque and matte. See Fig. 93a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of lightly sclerotized bulbous hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized with deep open rectangular area posterior-medially; medial margin more heavily sclerotized, with short toothed region at posterior end, and prominent flat spine adjacent, remainder of margin uneven. Small central sclerite with uneven margins nearly flat and finely punctate; anterior end bent posteriorly, shagreened with uneven toothed edge; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form smooth rounded structure, punctate, corrugated and narrowed anteriorly; attached anteriorly is mildly dorsally projecting flanged concave punctate arm that extends beyond depth of posterior portion of phallomere. Genital hook with moderate extension to rounded head with moderate hook; arm delicate with distinct bend. See Fig. 94.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

USA, California, Riverside County, Windy Point.

(811). Neotype: ♂ in EMEC labeled “CA, Riverside Co., Windy Point 3 mi. S of Whitewater, 1/25-26/1977, Doyen, Rude, Bentzien, J.Doyen Lot #77A2.1” “NEOTYPE Arenivaga investigata Hopkins, 2014” [red label with black border].

Neoparatypes (6): USA: CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley Dunes 3 mi. W of Thousand Palms, 5/19/1959, 200’, E.R.Tinkham, (6, USNM). All paratypes labeled “Neoparatype Arenivaga investigata Hopkins 2014” [blue label with black border].

USA: CA, San Diego Co., Palm Canyon Cpgd Anza-Borrego SP, 6/4/1970, Crazier, Frencke, and Welch, taken at light (1, ASUT); CA, Imperial Co., Algodones Dunes, I8 at Ogilby Rd., 3/7/1988, R.E. Woodruff, dunes at night (1, FSCA); CA, Imperial Co., Algodones Dunes, I8 0.7 mi. W of Ogilby Rd., 3/5/1988, R.E. Woodruff, blacklight trap (3, FSCA); CA, Imperial Co., Algodones Dunes WA, Ted Kipf Rd. NW of Glamis, 3/25-28/2002, 33.01.29N 115.06.53W, 110m, K.Will et al., pitfall trap (1, EMEC); CA, Imperial Co., Imperial Sand Dunes RA, Wash Rd. ca. 7.2 mi. S Hwy. 78, 3/28/2002, 32.55.31N 114.58.52W, C.B. Barr, on dunes at night (1, EMEC); CA, Imperial Co., Hwy. 78 10.5 mi. SW of Glamis, 3/4/1987, R.A. Cunningham, (1, PMNH); CA, San Bernardino Co., Cronise Valley, 4/29/1956, B.J. Adelson/M.Wasbauer/J.Powell/P.D.Hurd, (4, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., Borego, 4/20/1951, C.D. MacNeill, (1, CAS); CA, San Diego Co., Borego Valley, 6/6/1940, (1, CAS); CA, L.A. Co., Lovejoy Buttes, Mojave Desert, 4/15/1946, L. Martin, collected at light (1, LACM); CA, San Diego Co., Borrego Springs, 3/30/1960, M. Wasbauer, (1, CSCA); CA, Imperial Co., 17 mi. NW of Glamis, 6/27-28/1978, J.Doyen/J.Powell, white light, pitfall trap, JDLot #78F2 (4, EMEC); CA, Imperial Co., Seeley, 4/7/1971, E.L. Paddock, pit trap at night, CA Dept. of Agr. 71D19-85 (1, CSCA); CA, Imperial Co., El Centro, 4/16/1973, R.A. Flock, (5, CSCA); CA, Imperial Co., El Centro, 5/5/1973, (4, CSCA); CA, Imperial Co., Calipatria, 3/28/1962, Killgore coll., argon light trap (1, CSCA); CA, Imperial Co., El Centro, 4/16/1973, R.A. Flock, (1, CSCA); CA, Imperial Co., 6 mi. W of Glamis, 8/5/1966, M. Wasbauer, bowl traps in sand (1, CSCA); CA, San Diego Co., Borrego Springs, 6/22/1958, L.A. Stange, (1, LACM); CA, San Diego Co., Borrego, 5/3/1956, B.J.Adelson/P.D.Hurd/M.Wasbauer, (10, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., Borego, 4/25-26/1955, P.D.Hurd, on one specimen “Cryptantha augustifolia” (6, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., Ocotillo, 9/15/1947, G.A.Marsh, light (1, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., Borrego, 5/8/1953, J.Powell, (1, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., Borego, 4/25/1955, P.Wygodynsky, (1, EMEC); CA, Imperial Co., Glamis Sand Dunes, 5 mi. W of Ogilby, 5/29/1981, Werner, Olson, Hetz, Thomas, Burne, Frank, McLachlan, (1, UAIC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Kelso Sand Dunes, 5/1/1974, 2500’, Eichlin & Hardy, (1, CSCA); CA, Riverside Co., Mule Mts., I13, 2/13/1983, Andrews & Gilbert, (1, CSCA); CA, Riverside Co., 11.8 mi. WNW Inca RR Siding, 4/7/1994, 33.49.4N 114.57.3W, R.R.Snelling, (1, LACM); CA, Imperial Co., Algodones Dunes, 1–2 mi. W of Glamis, 4/7/2008, 32.59N 115.06?, Bill Warner, (1, W.B.Warner); CA, Imperial Co., 1 mi. W of Glamis, 3/29/1979, R.L.Aalbu, collected on slip face of dune (1, CSCA); CA, Imperial Co., 5 km. N of Glamis sand dunes, 4/17/1974, D.Giuliani, (1, CSCA); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 5/23/1940, W.L.Swisher, light (2, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 6/24/1956, A.Menke, Jr., (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 7/8/1956, L.A.Stange, (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 7/19/1958, L.A.Stange, (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Cathedral City, 6/14/1958, L.A.Stange, (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Cathedral City, 7/21/1952, R.Tinglof, UCLA Coll. Accessioned LACM 1965 (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Pushawalls Canyon, Indio Hills, 7/14/1947, (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 5/24/1940, Brereton & King, lights (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 5/24/1940, (1, CSCA); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 7/6/1950, W.A.McDonald, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 7/16/1950, D.C.Blodget, (1, USNM); CA, Imperial Co., 3 mi. NW of Glamis, 9/15-16/1972, Wasbauer & Hardy, blacklight trap (1, CSCA); CA, Imperial Co., 3.5 mi. NW of Glamis, 3/10/1975, Andrews & Hardy, sand dune (1, CSCA); CA, Riverside Co., Thermal, 6/18/1956, M.Wasbauer, (4, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., Thermal, 7/17/1956, M.Wasbauer, (1, EMEC); CA, Imperial Co., 3 mi. NW of Glamis, 3/3-4/1972, E.A.Kane, sand dunes (3, CSCA); CA, Co., 25 mi. W of Blythe, 8/18-19/1927, Cornell University Lot 542 sub 326, Arenivaga apacha Sauss.Det.Hebard 1929 (1, ANSP); CA, Imperial Co., Algodones Dunes 2 mi. W of Sand Hills Rest Area, 4/26/1980, D.K.Faulkner, (1, SDMC); CA, Imperial Co., 13 mi. W of Winterhaven, 6/13/1958, V.Roth, (1, UAIC); CA, Imperial Co., Imperial Dam, 5/28/1954, W.McDonald, UCLA Coll. Accessioned LACM 1965 (1, LACM); CA, Imperial Co., Algodones Sand Hills, W.G.Reeder, blattidae, 500224 (4, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Hopkins Well, 4/14-16/1958, P.D.Hurd/J.Powell, (15, EMEC); CA, Imperial Co., Algodones Dunes, 5.6 mi. NW & 1 mi. SW of Glamis, 3/20/1993, 270’, J.P. & K.E.S. Donahue, 164, 060-A (5, LACM); CA, Imperial Co., Algodones Dunes, S of Ruthven, 4/6/2000, 32.55.30N 114.59.34W, 120 m, D.Yanega, at light (2, UCRC); CA, Imperial Co., Algodones Dunes, S of Ruthven, 4/30/2001, 32.55.30N 114.59.34W, Hawks & Yanega, (5, UCRC); CA, Imperial Co., 5 mi. N of Ogilby, 4/17/1965, R.C.Dickson, at light (1, UCRC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Saratoga Springs, Death Valley, 7/10-12/1953, (2, USNM); CA, Calexico, 8/11/1914, J.C.Bradley, Cornell U. Lot 882, Sub.146, Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.)Det.Hebard 1935 (1, CUIC); CA, Imperial Co., Salton Sea, North Shore Area, 3/30/1983, R.A.Cunningham, (1, PMNH); CA, Cronese, 4/28/1952, Timberlake, at light (1, UCRC); CA, 1000 Palms, D.W.Cherney, (1, UCRC); CA, 2 mi. S of Oasis, ?/7/1936, Timberlake, at light (1, UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., Blythe, 7/22/1916, W.F.Barr, Arenivaga apacha 9Sauss.) Det.Strch.1952 (1, USNM); CA, Imperial Co., Imperial Valley, Summer 1966, D.A.Ward, (1, UCRC); CA, Imperial Co., Holtville, 7/2/1929, P.W.Oman, (1, SEMC); CA, Imperial Co., 8 mi. E of Holtville, 4/29/1961, D.S.Verity, (1, LACM); CA, Imperial Co., 8 mi. E of Holtville, 6/24/1958, G.H.Nelson, to light (1, UMMZ); CA, Brawley, 4/7/1925, (1, LACM); CA, San Diego Co., Borego SP, 6/4/1956, A.Menke, (1, LACM); CA, San Diego Co., Borego SP, 6/6/1940, around lights (2, LACM); CA, Los Angeles Co., (2, LACM); CA, Colorado Desert, 8/11/1917, Wheeler, Arenivaga wheeleri n.sp.M.S.Det.T.H.Hubbell 1928 (1, UMMZ); CA, San Bernardino Co., Yermo, 4/11/1936, J.A.Comst., L.J.Muchmore (2, LACM); CA, San Bernardino Co., Yermo, 7/5/1939, W.M.Pearce, ex.coll.M.A.Cazier (1, AMNH); CA, San Bernardino Co., Yermo, 5/15/1939, T.G.Altken, ex.coll.M.A.Cazier (1, AMNH); CA, San Bernardino Co., Deadman’s Point, 9/9/1963, R.J.Hamton, (1, HEH); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Desert, 3/26/1953, AH & SK Rindge, collection of Fred H Rindge (1, AMNH); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Desert, 6/22/1956, M.Wasbauer, (3, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., Dos Palmas Spa, 4/5/1937, G.Willett, (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley Dunes, 2 mi. W of Indio, 5/25/1957, 10’, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley, 10/23/1938, JAC, (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley, 10/30/1938, J.A.Comstock, (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., N end of Salton Sea, 5/19/1955, F.S.Truxal, (4, LACM); CA, Imperial Co., 2 mi. S of Palo Verde, 6/28/1978, D.J.Powell, (1, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., N shore near Salton Sea, 5/30/1992, R.L.Allen, white light, Blattodea:Polyphagidae, Arenivaga (1, LACM); CA, San Bernardino Co., Stovepipe Wells Hostel, Death Valley NM, 4/2/1954, F.B.Turner, at light (1, EMEC); CA, Inyo Co., 7 mi. NE of Panamint Springs, 5/16/1969, Rude & Doyen, (3, EMEC); CA, Kern Co., Red Rock Canyon, 5/2/1968, J.T.Doyen/J.Powell, blacklight (6, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., 6 mi. E of Banner, 7/13/1963, H.L.Griffin/J.Powell/P.Welies, at light (5, EMEC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Death Valley NM, 2 mi. NE Saratoga Springs, 3/17/1978, P.Rude, at UV light (1, EMEC); CA, Inyo Co., Shoshone, 5/4/1962, R.W.Thorp, at light (1, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., Borego, 4/28/1955, R.C.Schuster, (1, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., Borrego, 4/21/1960, J.Powell, (3, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., Borrego Springs, 6/11/1965, G.R.Ballmer, light (1, UCRC); CA, San Diego Co., Borego, 4/28/1955, R.O.Schuster, 1 specimen-Arenivaga sp.Det.H.F.Strohecker (2, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., Borego, 5/14/1949, J.E.Giliaspy, coll. At light (1, FSCA); CA, San Diego Co., Borego, 4/24/1959, Timberlake, at light (3, UCRC); CA, San Diego Co., Anza Borrego off 53 June oasis, 4/3/1993, S.O’Keefe, bl.sand at night (1, EMEC); CA, Inyo Co., Owens Riv. 2 mi. NE of Lone Pine, 5/11/1969, P.A.Opler, blacklight (1, EMEC); CA, Inyo Co., Olancha, 6/26/1949, H.E.Cott, (1, FSCA); CA, Inyo Co., 3 mi. S of Olancha, 8/6/1948, Hurd & MacSwain, Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) Det.H.F.Strohecker (1, FSCA); CA, San Bernardino Co., Afton Canyon, 3/24/1997, M.S.Caterino, (2, EMEC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Afton Rd. 23 mi. SW of Baker, 4/23/1977, Kitayama, Cave & Chemsak, on sand at UV light (1, EMEC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Yermo, 4/22/1949, R.v.d.Bosch, light trap (1, FSCA); CA, San Bernardino Co., Saratoga Springs, Death Valley NM, 4/15/1965, C.W.O’Brien, (1, FSCA); CA, Imperial Co., Holtville, 7/15/1989, (1, FSCA); CA, Imperial Co., Holtville, 5/8/1997, W.F.Chamberlain, at light (5, TAMU); CA, San Bernardino Co., Death Valley Juno, 4/22/1935, A.L.Melander, (1, UCRC); CA, Inyo Co., Darwin Canyon, 5.7 mi. NE of Darwin, 7/6/1991, 2520’, J.P. & K.E.S. Donahue, T18S, R41E, SE1/4 Sec.34, #21, 874 (7, LACM); CA, San Bernardino Co., S. side of Kelso Dunes, 6/19/1999, Ballmer, Hawks, Powells & Yanega, (4, UCRC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Baker, Mohave Desert Scrub, 8/26/2002, L. Stange, at light (1, FSCA); CA, Riverside Co., 2 mi. W of Hopkins Well, 3/3/1959, J.W.MacSwain, (5, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., Hopkins Well, 3/7/1959, W.E.Ferguson, at light (2, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., Hopkins Well, 6/20/1966, J.W.MacSwain, (1, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., 5 mi. e of Mt. Eagle, 7/8/1976, Doug Whitman, #570 (8, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., Indio, 4/16/1965, J.Doyen, at light (3, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., Indio, 8/4/1959, C.R.James, (1, FSCA); CA, Riverside Co., 4 mi. S of Palm Desert, 7/2/1963, R.L.Langston, at light (1, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., Deep Canyon at station, 6/17/1975, P.McNally, white light (1, UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley, Miles Ave. 0.5 mi. SW of Washington St., 2/19/1990, G.R.Ballmer, pitfall trap (2, UCRC); CA, Needles, 4/1-6/1918, J.C.Bradley, (1, ANSP); CA, San Bernardino Co., Kelso Dunes, 8 mi. SW of Kelso, 7/14-15/1974, J.Doyen, on ground at light, Lot No.74G13 (3, EMEC); CA, Imperial Co., 16 mi. W of AZ/CA border on I10, sand dunes off Ogilby, 2/27/1988, M.Thomas, crawling on sand dune, Polyphagidae Det. Max Thomas 1988 (1, ASUT); CA, San Bernardino Co., Essex, 4/5/1966, 1700’, P.A.Opler, (1, EMEC); CA, San Bernardino Co., 9 air mi. S of Baker, Zzyzx Springs, 4/20/1977, Chemsak, (1, EMEC); CA, San Bernardino Co., 9 air mi. S of Baker, Zzyzx Springs, 7/1/1978, J.Doyen, Lot #78F5 (2, EMEC); CA, San Bernardino Co., 9 air mi. S of Baker, Zzyzx Springs, 4/18-23/1984, S.Hawley, blacklight trap (1, ); CA, San Bernardino Co., 9 air mi. S of Baker, Zzyzx Springs, 4/18-23/1984, R.Gill, (2, EMEC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Zzyzx Springs, 4/20/1984, D.Sandri, (1, EMEC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Soda Springs (Zzyzx) W side of Soda Dry Lake, 9 air mi. S of Baker, 5/22-24/1982, J.P.Donahue, (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Eagle Mt. Dunes, E corner of JoshUAIC Tree NM, 6/17/1961, (13, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Indio, 8/?/1950, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Indio, 7/2/1961, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., 3 mi. W of Indio, 7/2/1956, M.Wasbauer, (4, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., Indio, 6/7/1956, M.Wasbauer, (1, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., Indio, 4/24-26/1953, G.Yamamoto/A.Fukushima, (5, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Indio, 5/9/1952, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Indio, 4/30/1952, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Indio, 6/15/1955, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Indian Wells, 4/29/1952, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Indian Wells, 4/17/1952, (2, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Indian Wells, 4/24-25/1953, B.Markley/W.R.Lower/M.C.Anderson, (10, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Indian Wells, 9/7/1938, R.B.Cowles, (4, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Indian Wells, 4/5/1931, A.C.Browne, Collected from desert flora, (3, HEH); CA, Riverside Co., Indian Wells, 3/12/1938, R.B.Cowles, (2, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., 3 mi. W of Indio, 5/19/1959, (3, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley Dunes 3 mi. W of Thousand Palms, 5/3/1958, 200’, E.R.Tinkham, (5, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley 9 mi. W of Palm Springs, 4/2/1954, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley Dunes 3 mi. W of Thousand Palms, 5/19/1959, 200’, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley Dunes 9 mi. W of Palm Springs, 5/27/1954, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley Dunes 1 mi. N of Palm Desert, 5/15/1954, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Whitewater, 7/9/1950, J.W.MacSwain, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 6/?/1965, E.B.Edney, (2, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Indio, 4/29/1962, V.Theresa Luine, (1, UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., San Gorgonio Pass, Windy Point, 6/16/1975, P.McNally, (4, UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., Whitewater, 7/9/1950, P.D.Hurd, (1, FSCA); CA, Riverside Co., Windy Point sand dunes nr. Palm Springs, broad form, bred from nymphs (1, UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., Windy Point 3 mi. S of Whitewater, 1/25-26/1977, Doyen, Rude, Bentzien broad form, J.Doyen Lot #77A2.1 (1, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley, Mt.View Rd. 0.5 mi. N of jct. w/ Varner Rd., 5/17/1995, G.R.Ballmer, (1, UCRC); CA, 4 mi. W of Thousand Palms, 4/25/1968, E.R.Tinkham, (3, USNM); CA, 3 mi. W of Thousand Palms, 5/10/1960, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 1-6/?/1966, Edney, (6, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 7/19/1958, L. Stange, (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 6/5/1967, R.Rice, in sand under bush (1, UAIC); CA, Calexico, 8/11/1914, J.C.Bradley, (1, ANSP); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 6/1/1937, P.D.Gerhardt, at light (1, UAIC); CA, San Felipe, 9/9/1938, Timberlake, at light (1, UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., Blythe, 5/24/1935, G.M.Kohle, Arenivaga erratica Rehn Det. Rehn 1941 (1, ANSP); CA, Indio, 4/19/1962, Erwin #134 (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Blythe, 8/9-10/1959, K.L.Japport, Rentz, argon light trap (4, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 4/?/1966, C.&V. Brandes, (1, USNM); CA, San Diego Co., Mason Valley, 4/14/1945, D.Meadows, (1, USNM); CA, Imperial Co., Experiment Farm, 6/7/1912, J.C.Bridwell, (3, USNM); CA, Imperial Co., Imperial Sand Dunes, 3/28/2002, G.M.Nishida, at MV light (2, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley 3 mi. W of Indio, 5/9/1955, E.R.Tinkham, mated pair (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley, Indio, 7/5/1957, E.R.Tinkham, (2, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley 4 mi. W of Indio, 4/18/1955, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley 9 mi. W of Palm Springs Dunes, 5/27/1954, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, Kelso Dunes, 6/24-25/1954, 2400’, E.R.Tinkham, (2, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley Dunes 2 mi. W of Indio, 5/25/1957, 10’, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, San Diego Co., Ocotillo, 6/13/1949, G.A.Marsh, (1, USNM); CA, San Diego Co., Anza Borrego SP, Borrego Palm Canyon Cpgd., 4/10/1993, R.L.Allen, (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 5/24/1940, (1, CAS); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 5/28/1939, P.D.Gerhardt, at light (1, UAIC); CA, Inyo Co., Death Valley 1.5 mi. N 2 mi. W Ashford Mill, 3/23/1984, 200’, D.Giuliani, sand dunes (1, CSCA); CA, Inyo Co., 4.3 mi. NE Saratoga Springs, Death Valley NM, 4/16-18/1973, A.R.Hardy, sand dunes (4, CSCA); CA, San Bernardino Co., Baker, 5/29/1950, C.D. MacNeill, (1, EMEC); CA, 65 mi. ENE of Indio, 13 mi. NE & 2.5 mi. E of Desert Center, 4/3/1960, E.R.Tinkham, (2, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Desert Center, 8/31/1946, (1, LACM); CA, Inyo Co., Tecopa, 6/17/1954, Belkin & McD., UCLA Coll. Accessioned LACM 1965 (1, LACM); CA, 29 Palms, 5/?/1952, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Coachella Valley 2 mi. W of Indio, 5/25/1955, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, Sand dunes E of Gray’s Well, 7/18/1953, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, San Diego Co., Borego SP, 4/11/1949, E.S.Ross, (2, CAS); CA, Holtville, 6/23/1946, E.C.VanDyke, (6, CAS); CA, Imperial Co., Coyote Wells, 5/5/1922, O.C.Poling, (4, ANSP); CA, 5 mi. W of Blythe, 8/19-20/1927, CUIC University (3, ANSP); CA, Death Valley, 10/?/1926, J.D.Gunder, (1, CAS); CA, Coachella, 5/23/1929, E.C.VanDyke, (1, CAS); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 4/22-27/1933, E.P.Van Duzee, (5, CAS); CA, Kern Co., 5/?/????, (1, ANSP); CA, Coachella, 5/19/1923, E.C.VanDyke, (1, CAS); CA, Riverside Co., 3/30/1918, E.R.Leach, (2, CAS); CA, Coachella, 5/10/1928, E.C.VanDyke, (1, CAS); CA, Coachella, 5/22-25/1928, E.C.VanDyke, (3, CAS); CA, Riverside Co., Indian Wells, 4/24/1922, K.R.Coolidge, at light (1, ANSP); CA, 25 mi. W of Blythe, 8/18-19/1927, Cornell University Lot 542 sub 326 (6, ANSP/CUIC); CA, Holtville, 7/2/1929, R.H.Beamer, (1, ANSP); CA, Needles, 4/1-6/1918, (1, ANSP); CA, Needles, 4/1-6/1918, J.C.Bradley, Cornell University Lot 882 sub 146 (1, CUIC); CA, Kern Co., Red Rock Canyon, 5/2/1968, J.T.Doyen, black light (1, EMEC); CA, Inyo Co., Owen’s River 2 mi. NE of Lone Pine, 5/11/1969, P.A.Opler, black light (1, EMEC); CA, Inyo Co., 31 mi. NE of Big Pine, 7/8/1966, 6000’, C.W.O’Brien, at night (1, FSCA); CA, Heber, 7/10/1926, (1, UCRC); CA, Inyo Co., 9 mi. N of Olancha nr Cottonwood Charcoal Kilns, 5/24/1969, R.Hardy, (1, UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., Wiley’s Well Rd. at I10, 3/28/2001, 33.36.22N 114.54.30W, D.Yanega, (2, UCRC); CA, San Bernardino Co., 23 mi. E of 29 Palms, 4/30/1971, R.Hardy, (1, UCRC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Kelso Dunes, 4/16-18/1974, Andrews & Wasbauer, (3, CSCA); CA, Indio, 8/31/1961, C.Myers, (1, CSCA); CA, Riverside Co., Blythe, 7/8/1956, A.Menke, Jr., (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Indian Wells, 4/1/1938, R.B.Cowles, UCLA Coll. Accessioned LACM 1965 (2, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Indian Wells, 4/12/1957, C.W.Schaefer, UCLA Coll. Accessioned LACM 1965 (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Indian Wells, 4/21/1956, Schlek, UCLA Coll. Accessioned LACM 1965 (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Blythe, 8/20/1927, Cornell University (3, ANSP/CUIC); CA, Riverside Co., 5 mi. W of Blythe, 8/19-20/1927, Cornell University Lot 542 sub 328, Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) Hebard 1937 (1, CUIC); CA, Riverside Co., 5 mi. W of Blythe, 8/19-20/1927, Cornell University Lot 542 sub 328 (1, CUIC); CA, Riverside Co., 25 mi. W of Blythe, 8/18-19/1927, Cornell University Lot 542 sub 326, Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) Hebard 1929 (2, CUIC/UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., 18 mi. W of Blythe, 4/8/195?, Timberlake, at light (5, UCRC); CA, Riverside Co., Blythe, 8/25/1973, (1, UCRC); CA, Inyo Co., Shoshone, 9/10/1954, UCLA Coll. Accessioned LACM 1965 (1, LACM); CA, Inyo Co., Bailey Canyon, Carlego, 7/2/1940, (1, LACM); CA, San Bernardino Co., Amboy Crater, 7/22/1956, J.F.Lawrence, 102 (1, EMEC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Amboy Crater, 6/6/1957, J.M.Burns, (1, EMEC); CA, San Bernardino Co., 10 mi. E of 29 Palms, 6/11/1966, fluorescent black light (6, CSCA); CA, Imperial Co., 6 mi. W of Glamis, 8/5/1966, M.Wasbauer, bowl traps in sand (2, CSCA); CA, Imperial Co., Andrade, 8/4/1966, M.Wasbauer, fluorescent black light (1, CSCA); CA, Cornise, 4/28/1937, orthoptera, Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) det. H.F.Strohecker (1, FSCA); CA, Imperial Co., 3 mi. SW of Glamis, 7/12/1974, J.Doyen, black light trap (1, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., Ocotillo, 6/13/1949, (1, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., Ocotillo, 9/15/1947, G.A.Marsh, light (1, EMEC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Pisgah Crater, 4/7/1962, Norris & Heath, Sta.33 (1, LACM); CA, San Bernardino Co., . 3 mi. S of I15, Basin Pond, 7/15/1984, Faulkner & Brown, (1, SDMC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Baker, 7/31/1955, Menke & Truxal, (1, LACM); CA, San Bernardino Co., Cronise Valley, 4/29/1956, M.Wasbauer/J.Powell, (3, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., Borrego, 5/3/1956, B.J.Adelson, (1, EMEC); CA, San Diego Co., Borego, 4/23/1955, P.D.Hurd, (4, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., Hopkins Well, 4/16/1958, P.D.Hurd/J.Powell, (2, EMEC); CA, Ft. Yuma, 8/16/1951, origin unknown, FY 51, H25 (1, CSCA); CA, Riverside Co., Thousand Palms, 7/28/1958, P.Opler, (1, EMEC); CA, Imperial Co., Glamis Sand Dunes, 5 mi. W of Ogilby, 5/29/1981, Werner, Olson, Hetz, Thomas, Burne, Frank & MacLachlan, (2, UAIC); CA, 4 mi. W of Thousand Palms, 4/25/1968, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Indio, 6/25/1939, J.C.von Bloeker, (1, LACM); CA, Inyo Co., “The Dunes” Panamint Valley, 4/28/1974, 2600’, Eichlin & Hardy, (1, CSCA); CA, Inyo Co., Panamint Valley Dunes, 9/14/1975, Andrews & Hardy, (1, CSCA); CA, San Bernardino Co., Death Valley NM, Saratoga Springs, 5/3/1974, D.Giuliani, (2, CSCA); CA, San Bernardino Co., Marble Mts. 1 mi. E of Kelbaker Rd., 5/7-8/10/1981, R.Aalbu, antifreeze trap (1, CSCA); CA, Riverside Co., Blythe, 7/26/1946, Hurd & Barr, 17NW (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., 20 mi. W of Blythe, 7/4/1951, J.W.MacSwain, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Blythe, 6/21/1946, W.F.Barr, (1, USNM); CA, San Diego Co., Borego, 4/27/1954, J.G.Rozen, Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) det. H.F.Strohecker (1, USNM); CA, Coachella Valley, 2 mi. NW of Indio, 5/9/1955, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, Coachella Valley, 3 mi. W of Indio, 5/9/1955, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, Coachella Valley, 3 mi. W of Indio, 5/25/1955, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, Coachella Valley, 4 mi. W of Indio, 4/16/1955, E.R.Tinkham, (1, USNM); CA, Saratoga Springs, Death Valley, 4/16/1965, J.B.Snell, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Indio, 4/20/1939, (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Hopkins Well, 4/27/1949, L.W.Quate, coll. at light, Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) det.H.F.Strohecker (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Strawberry Valley, S of Jacinto Mt., 3/4/1910, Grinnell, Jr., (1, USNM); CA, San Bernardino Co., Yermo, 4/11/1949, R.v.d.Bosch, light trap (1, USNM); CA, San Diego Co., Borego, 5/1/1952, P.D.Hurd, Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) det. H.F.Strohecker 1953 (2, USNM); CA, San Diego Co., Borego, 4/24/1949, J.E.Gillaspy, coll. At light (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Cathedral City, 7/16/1950, B.Adelson, electric light (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Whitewater, 7/9/1950, J.W.MacSwain, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Mecca, 4/25/1952, P.D.Hurd, (1, USNM); CA, San Bernardino Co., Cronise Camp, 4/16/1953, J.Linsley, (2, USNM); CA, Salt Creek Death Valley, 4/14/1965, J.L.Pierce, collected at light (1, USNM); CA, Stovepipe Wells Death Valley, 4/5/1966, D.Ramsey, at light (1, USNM); CA, Stovepipe Wells Death Valley, 4/5/1966, K.St??????, on table at light (1, USNM); CA, Stovepipe Wells Death Valley, 4/14/1965, W.H.Tyson, collected at light (1, USNM); CA, Stovepipe Wells Death Valley, 4/15/1965, W.E.Ferguson, (1, USNM); CA, Stovepipe Wells Death Valley, 4/5/1966, P.Gibbs, collected at light (1, USNM); CA, Stovepipe Wells Death Valley, 4/6/1966, R.E.Main, collected at light (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Hopkins Well, 4/29/1952, J.G.Rozen, (1, USNM); CA, Riverside Co., Hopkins Well, 4/14-16/1958, P.D.Hurd/J.Powell, (8, USNM/ EMEC); CA, Imperial Co., El Centro, 8/?/1981, H.W.Browning, (2, UCMC); CA, Imperial Co., El Centro, 8/6/1963, R.Flock, (1, UCMC); CA, Olancha, 4/27/1959, R.P.Allen, (2, CSCA); CA, Imperial Co., 3.5 mi. NW of Glamis, 3/10/1973, Andrews & Hardy, sand dune (1, CSCA); AZ, Yuma Co., Wellton, 2/25-26/1925, O.C.Poling, (13, UMMZ); AZ, Yuma Co., Wellton, 3/3/1925, O.C.Poling, (3, UMMZ); AZ, Yuma Co., Wellton, 3/25/1925, O.C.Poling, (17, UMMZ); AZ, Yuma Co., Mohave Valley nr. Wellton, 3/5/1925, O.C.Poling, at light, (1, UMMZ); AZ, Yuma Co., Wellton, 3/6/1925, O.C.Poling, (7, UMMZ); AZ, Yuma Co., Welton, 6/28/1950, R.F.Smith, (1, AMNH); AZ, Yuma Co., Sentinel, 7/23/1941, R.H.Beamer, (20, ANSP); AZ, Yuma Co., Ehrenberg, 6/24/1938, F.H.Parker, (2, ); AZ, Maricopa Co., Gila Bend, 6/19/1953, UCLA Coll. Accessioned LACM 1965 (2, LACM); AZ, Yuma Co., Aztec, 4/16/1954, Menk & Stange, (1, LACM); AZ, Yuma Co., Mohawk Dunes 12 mi. E of Tacna, 3/6/1988, R.E.Woodruff, blacklight trap (7, FSCA); AZ, Yuma Co., Aztec, 7/7/1957, Stange & Harding, (2, FSCA); AZ, Yuma Co., San Cristobal Dunes, Goldwater Range, 5/2-4/1997, Olson, Schwalbe et al, UV (3, UAIC); AZ, La Paz Co., Ehrenberg, 3/31/2001, BC & WB Warner, Bill Warner, (4, ); AZ, Yuma Co., Dateland, 6/14/1964, A.G.Raske, (1, EMEC); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 6/11/1937, D.J. & J.N.Knull, (1, OSU); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 1/6/1967, R.S.Funk, at light, (1, NAU); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 3/23/1965, R.S.Funk, (1, NAU); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma desert 9 mi. E of San Luis, 3/18/1980, Werner, Olsen, Metz & MacLachlan, (2, UAIC); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 4/29/1959, D.Muse, at light, (1, UAIC); AZ, Yuma Co., 10 mi. E of Tacna, N end of Mohawk Dunes, 3/30/2001, WB & BC Warner, Bill Warner, (2, ); AZ, Yuma Co., 10 mi. E of Tacna, N end of Mohawk Dunes, 3/21/1997, WB & BC Warner, night (5, WB Warner ); AZ, Yuma Co., N end of Mohawk Dunes 0.2 mi. N of BMG Range, 4/1/1994, Warners, (2, WB Warner); AZ, Yuma Co., 10 mi. E of Tacna, Mohawk Dunes, 3/20/1998, 32.41.8N 113.47.4W, B & W Warner, Bill Warner, (2, ); AZ, Yuma Co., 7.5-8 mi. E Tacna, sand dunes, 3/21/1998, 32.41.8N 113.48.4W, B & W Warner, Bill Warner, (2, ); AZ, Yuma Co., Mohawk Dunes 10 mi. E of Tacna, 6/4/2010, 32.41.45N 113.47.22W, WB Warner, Bill Warner, UV (1, ); AZ, Yuma Co., 6 mi. SE of Parker, 7/9/1966, Davidson & Cazier, (2, ASUT); AZ, Yuma Co., Goldwater Mil Rge, San Cristobal Dunes, 3/3/1997, CA Olson, pitfall traps (2, UAIC); AZ, Yuma Co., Goldwater Mil Rge, San Cristobal Dunes, 3/2/1997, CA Olson, UV (1, UAIC); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 3/29/1960, D.Muse, at light, desert (1, UAIC); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 5/5/1973, Walker, at night (1, ASUT); AZ, 22 mi. E of San Luis, 4/16/1960, (1, USNM); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 3/12/1956, G.Lorenz, (1, UAIC); AZ, Mohave Co., Sacramento Wash at Franconia Sta. 0.4 mi. N of I40, 7/28/1989, 1200’, J.P.Donahue, #137, 707 (1, LACM); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 4/26/1935, J.D.Ball, (1, UAIC); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 5/14/1959, D.Muse, at lights (1, UAIC); AZ, 5 mi. W of Bouse, 8/1/1957, E.R.Tinkham, dunes (2, USNM); AZ, (1, USNM); AZ, Yuma Co., Yuma, 5/15/1939, T.G.Aitken, ex coll. M.A.Cazier (1, AMNH); AZ, Ehrenberg, Colorado River, Palmer, Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) Hebard Collection (1, ANSP); AZ, Pima Co., Ajo, 7/23/1938, R.I.Sailer, (1, ANSP); AZ, Mohave (now La Paz) Co., 3 mi. SE of Parker, 6/28/1978, J.Powell, black light trap (2, EMEC); NV, Nye Co., Big Dune, 4/19/1976, D.Giuliani, (1, CSCA); NV, Nye Co., Big Dune, 4/29/1974, 2500’, R.Hardy, (3, CSCA); NV, Nye Co., Big Dune, 4/28/1975, Andrews & Hardy, cereal bowl pit trap under (2, CSCA); NV, Nye Co., Carrara, 4/18/1969, F.G.Andrews, (1, CSCA); NV, Clark Co., 10 mi. NE of Las Vegas, 4/27/1975, Andrews & Hardy, sand dune association (1, CSCA); NV, Nye Co., Pahrump, 7/7/1959, D.F.Zoller, (1, FSCA); NV, Nye Co., Pahrump, 7/4/1959, F.D.Parker, light trap (1, FSCA) NV, Mercury, 8/6/1964, 5M(TB) (1, USNM); NV, Nye Co., Pahrump, 6/?/1959, DF Zoller, 1 specimen-Arenivaga apacha (Sauss.) det. HF Strohecker (6, NV Dept. of Ag); NV, Nye Co., Pahrump, 7/7/1959, DF Zoller, (1, NV Dept. of Ag); NV, Nye Co., Pahrump, 7/29/1959, FD Parker, (1, NV Dept. of Ag); NV, Nye Co., Pahrump, 8/4/1959, FD Parker, light trap (2, NV Dept. of Ag); NV, Nye Co., Pahrump, 8/2/1959, FD Parker, light trap (1, NV Dept. of Ag); NV, Nye Co., Pahrump, 7/30/1959, FD Parker, light trap (1, NV Dept. of Ag); NV, Lincoln Co., Ash Springs, 6/20/1966, 2400 ft., RW Lauderdale, (1, NV Dept. of Ag); NV, Nye Co., Big Dune, 5/16/1982, RC Bechtel & RW Rust, 3 specimens-black light trap (6, NV Dept. of Ag); NV, Nye Co., Big Dune, 4/29/1982, RC Bechtel & RW Rust, black light trap (2, NV Dept. of Ag); NV, Clark Co., Glendale, 8/3/1961, RC Bechtel, (1, NV Dept. of Ag); NV, Nye Co., Lava Dune, 5/15/1982, RC Bechtel & RW Rust, black light trap, T14S R49E (1, NV Dept. of Ag); NV, Nye Co., Amargosa Dune, 4/5/1994, JLP RWR, (1, NV Dept. of Ag); CA, Brawley, 4/7/1925, Arenivaga erratica Rehn det. Caudell (1, NV Dept. of Ag); CA, Riverside Co., Palm Springs, 5/29/1939, B Brookman, (1, NV Dept. of Ag); CA, Riverside Co., Snow Creek Game Refuge, 8 mi W Palm Springs, 6/27/1956, LD Moore, (3, MLBM); CA, Riverside Co., Sand dunes near Palm Springs, 5/29/1954, AH Barnum, (7, MLBM); CA, Ocotillo Wells, 3/18/1966, DR Estes, (7, FS Ento.); CA, Riverside Co., Mecca, 8/?/1955, LD Moore, light trap (2, MLBM); CA, San Diego Co., Borrego Springs, 9/3/1982, TB Moore, Arenivaga apacha (Saussure) det. AH Barnum 2005 (1, MLBM); CA, Riverside Co., Mecca, 4/27/1960, LD Moore, light trap (1, MLBM); CA, Riverside Co., Mecca, 6/1/1960, LD Moore, light trap (1, MLBM); CA, Riverside Co., Mecca, 7/20/1960, LD Moore, light trap (1, MLBM); CA, Riverside Co., Thermal, 9/11/1970, LD Moore, (1, MLBM); CA, Riverside Co., Mecca, 6/21/1955, LD Moore, (2, MLBM); CA, Riverside Co., Thermal, 6/21/1955, LD Moore, 1 specimen-light trap (2, MLBM); CA, Riverside Co., LaQuinta, 6/?/1968, LD Moore, light trap (2, MLBM); CA, San Bernardino Co., 2.5 mi W Amboy Crater on road, 3/5/1988, MM Fuller, 0.5 mi S of National Trails Hwy. in lava field at night, attracted to flashlight. (1, MSB); AZ, Mohave Co., 3 mi SE Parker, 6/28/1978, J Powell, black light trap (2, EMEC); AZ, Maricopa Co., Gila River at Airport Rd., 4/29-5/19/2011, 33.21.06N, 112.30.13W, Bill Warner, barrier pitfall traps on river sand (3, WB Warner); AZ, Maricopa Co., Gila River at Airport Rd., 4/12-14/2011, 33.21.06N, 112.30.13W, Bill Warner, human dung baited pitfall traps (2, WB Warner); AZ, Maricopa Co., Gila River at Airport Rd., 4/14-22/2011, 33.21.06N, 112.30.13W, Bill Warner, barrier pitfall traps on river sand (2, WB Warner). MEXICO: Sonora, La Choya, 6/12/1952, Cazier, Gertsch & Schrammel, (7, AMNH); Sonora, 20 mi. SE of San Luis RC, 6/6/1959, DH Tuttle, (2, USNM); Sonora, coastal dunes, Puerto Penasco, 6/23/1957, ER Tinkham, (3, USNM); Sonora, 6 mi. E of Punta Penasco, 6/22/1957, ER Tinkham, (7, USNM); Sonora, Punta Penasco, 4/10/1963, FG Andrews, (1, LA State College); Sonora, Punta Penasco, 6/23/1957, ER Tinkham, (2, USNM); Sonora, 15 mi. N of Puerto Penasco, 7/21/1973, F Werner, at light (1, UAIC); Sonora, Punta Penasco, 10/1/1989, G Simmons, (1, UAIC); Sonora, Rocky Point, 4/16/1965, JW Wienko, (1, UAIC); Sonora, El Gulfo de Santa Clara, 3/16/1958, V Roth, (1, UAIC); Sonora, Cholla Bay, 4/18/1959, A Ross, on ground (2, UAIC); Sonora, Rocky Point, 2/17/1934, (3, SDMC); Sonora, Rocky Point, 7/27/1956, C & M Cazier, (6, AMNH); Sonora, Puerto Penasco, 6/11/1952, Cazier, Gertsch & Schrammel, (1, AMNH); Sonora, 47 mi. W of Sonoyta, 8/9/1957, ER Tinkham, (1, USNM); Sonora, San Luis, 5/24/1938, (4, CAS); Sonora, Laguna Prieta, 5/25/1938, (3, CAS); Sonora, San Luis, 5/24/1938, (1, LACM); Sonora, E San Luis, 10/6/1953, Ruckman, Let & Ames, (1, USNM); Sonora, Dunes 22 mi. E of San Luis, 6/1/1958, 150 ft., ER Tinkham, (1, USNM); Sonora, Cabin 245 Choya Bay, 9/8/1968, BL Burch, (1, ASUT); Sonora, Choya Bay, 7/30/1969, M Kolner, at light (2, ASUT); BC, 36 mi. N of San Felipe, 4/18-21/1961, FS Truxel, (2, LACM); BC, San Felipe, 2/21-26/1971, Santa Barbara Malacological Society (1, CAS); BC, 23.9 km W of Mexicali on Hwy. 2, 4/13/1979, DB Weissman, #79-45 (2, CAS); BC, San Felipe, 5/18/1963, JC Ball, (4, UCRC); BC, 89 km S of Mexicali on Hwy. 5, 7/30/1978, Weissman & Lightfoot, #78-109 (1, CAS); BC, 88.3 km S of Mexicali on Hwy. 5, 9/17/1979, Weissman, Lightfoot & Love, 79-163 (1, CAS); BC, 10.3 mi. SW of Los Medanos, 3/27/1964, Irwin & Ball, at light on sand dunes (3, UCRC); BC, 4.9 mi. SW of Algodones, 3/25/1986, 32.48.734N 114.48.234W, RH McPeak, black light (1, EMEC); BC, San Felipe, 3/25/1963, GI Stage, (1, HEH ); BC, Rancho Potrero, 5/7-8/1959, D Patterson, (1, USNM); BC, 5 mi. N of San Felipe, Playa del Sol camp, 6/16/1973, Williams & Blair, SCW #309(2) (1, CAS); Sonora, Puerto Penasco, 7/?/1960, AH Barnum, (1, MLBM). Determiner label Arenivaga investigata Hopkins 2011” [white label with black border].

This species is found from northern Baja California and northwestern Sonora, Mexico northwards through southeastern California, southwestern Arizona, and southern Nevada. See Fig. 98.

Arenivaga investigata may be diagnosed by the single spine on the right ventral phallomere. See Fig. 97.

Male. NB: Holotype is destroyed by dermestid beetles. Neotype designated and described here. Measurements. Holotype TL = 18.3 mm, GW = 11.3 mm, PW = 8.00 mm, PL = 5.49 mm, TL/GW = 1.62, PL/PW = 0.69. EW = 0.70 mm; OW = 0.70 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 15.0–24.8 mm; range of GW 6.5–11.5 mm; range of PW 4.73–8.13 mm; range of PL 3.73–5.82 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.40 × 0.35 mm); vertex light orange-brown, with darker small ridges between apices of eyes extending on to ocellar tubercles, scattered short setae; interocellar space slightly concave, light orange-brown. Frons light orange-brown, concave; bound on either side by ridges extending from inner apex of ocelli outwards to lateral edges of clypeus; scattered long setae on ridges. Anterior portion of frons light orange-brown, very bulbous; clypeal suture demarcates light orange-brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 96d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent waxy beige; variable length orange-brown setae along anterior margin; dorsal surface of pronotum covered with short orange-brown setae that are denser and longer anteriorly and laterally; pronotal pattern variable in color from light orange-brown through every shade to medium brown, “panther face”, no aura, usually discernible detail. See Fig. 96c.

Body. Wing brace present. Legs and body medium orange-brown; subgenital plate strongly asymmetrical with posterior edge emarginated, rounded apices. See Fig. 96b.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex a great distance in some specimens, but only a short distance in others; color, like size, highly variable from pale with no blotches through medium brown with darker blotches; surface opaque and matte. See Fig. 96a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous lightly sclerotized narrow ended hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized; medial margin sclerotized, smooth, concave in ventral view; medial margin smoothly curved at anterior end, shagreened greatly extended knob at posterior end with dorsally pointing thick blunt spine. Small central sclerite smooth, concave, with field of punctations on interoventral surface. Right ventral phallomere extends from articulation smooth bulbous lobe with posteromedial pointing spine that may have narrow or broad base; recedes anteriorly to collar-like rim; after moderate gap, long, narrow, flanged, concave arm, extending to greater depth than rest of phallomere. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere moderately wide, finely punctate and setose. Genital hook with long pointed head and depression along short hook; arm smoothly curving. See Fig. 97.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

USA, California, San Bernardino Co., UC Burns Reserve.

Holotype: ♂ in UCRC labeled “CA: San Bernardino Co, Pioneertown, 1350 m, UC Burns Reserve, 25 June 1995, J. Freilich, 37-78N 5-50E” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga mckittrickae Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (24): USA: CA, Los Angeles Co., Mint Canyon, 9/4/1946, P Greeley (3, LACM); CA, Los Angeles Co., Mint Canyon, 8/15/1946, 2000 ft., P Greeley, Arenivaga (1, LACM); CA, Los Angeles Co., Mint Canyon, 7/1/1946, 2000 ft., P Greeley (1, LACM); CA, Wrightwood, San Gabriel Mts., 6/26/1986, GH Nelson, Merc.Vap.Lite (3, FSCA); CA, San Bernardino Co., Mojave River Forks, 10 km SE of Hesperia, 7/11/1986, (3, UCRC); CA, San Bernardino Co., 4 mi. N of Cajon Pass, 6/12/1966, Middlekauff & Rentz (1, EMEC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Yucca Valley, Skyline Rd., UC Burns Res., 9/17/1994, W Sakai, black light (1, UCRC); CA, San Bernardino Co., San Bernardino Mts., Cushionberry Grade, 7/8/1986, GF Pratt (1, UCRC); CA, San Bernardino Co., Pioneertown, UC Burns Res., 7/9/1994, J Frellich (1, UCRC); CA, Los Angeles Co., Bouquet, 7/23/1937, N Westerland (2, LACM); CA, Los Angeles Co., Bouquet Canyon, 6/23/1937, N Westerland, at lights (1, LACM); CA, Sierra Madre, 4/10/1940 (2, LACM); CA, San Mateo (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Joshua Tree NM, 9/22/1979, CD Nagano, U.Covington Flat (1, LACM); CA, San Bernardino Co., Pioneertown, UC Burns Res., 8/30/1995, 1350 m, J Frellich, 37-78N 5-50E (1, UCRC). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga mckittrickae Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the genitive case. This species is named for F.A. McKittrick, author of the incomparable “Evolutionary Studies of Cockroaches”.

This species is distributed from Mint Canyon, Los Angeles Co., in its northern and western extents to Joshua Tree NM, Riverside Co., in its southern and eastern extents. Its distribution follows the San Gabriel Mountain range of southern California. One specimen labeled “San Mateo” may be mislabeled or transported to that locality. See Fig. 101.

Arenivaga mckittrickae is distinguished by the sinuous medial margin and narrow hook-shaped lobe on the right dorsal phallomere as well as the unusually shaped head on the genital hook. See Fig. 100.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 18.4 mm, GW = 7.6 mm, PW = 4.98 mm, PL = 3.58 mm, TL/GW = 2.42, PL/PW = 0.72. EW = 0.3 mm; OW = 0.45 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 16.9–19.8 mm; range of GW 7.4–9.3 mm; range of PW 5.10–5.79 mm; range of PL 3.20–4.06 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.40 × 0.30 mm); interocular space mildly convex and dark brown with small ridges in rays around upper apex of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles, interocellar space concave, with faint horizontal corrugations. Posterior frons concave, uniformly light brown; anterior frons bulbous with slight central indentation at posterior end; broad, flat, light brown anteclypeus. See Fig. 99d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent, waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with short fine brown setae centrally and posteriorly grading to longer, thicker setae laterally and anteriorly; pronotal pattern brown “panther face”; some detail discernible; brown maculations scattered across posterior 70% of dorsal surface of pronotum. See Fig. 99c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body light orange-brown, with darker maculation laterally on each sternite; subgenital plate dark orange-brown; strongly asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 99b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (~50% of wing length); color varies from uniform brown, to blotchy brown, to light orange-brown; surface ranges from glossy translucent to matte opaque. See Fig. 99a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous sclerotized hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized; increasingly punctate towards rim; rim shagreened; inner rim forms sweeping S-curve with added straight edge posteriorly; phallomere otherwise unmodified. Small central sclerite rugose, punctate, with posteriorly projecting, more sclerotized lip at anterior end; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form rounded shagreened structure with small interiorly directed nipple; attached anteriorly is mildly dorsally projecting flanged arm, shagreened with roughly toothed edge. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere with lightly sclerotized indentation, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with blunt rounded head with short hook; arm robust and slightly shorter than usual in Arenivaga. See Fig. 100.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

USA, California, Mono Co., Benton.

Holotype: ♂ in FSCA labeled “Benton, Mono Co., Calif., VII-20-50, H. A. Hunt Collector” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga milleri Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (29): USA: CA, Mono Co., Benton, 7/16/1972 (7, CSCA); CA, Mono Co., Benton, 8/10/1972 (3, CSCA); CA, Mono Co., Benton, 7/10/1940, JG Shanafelt (3, LACM); CA, Mono Co., Benton Station, 6/10/1940, JG Shanafelt (2, LACM); CA, Mono Co., Benton, 8/5/1940, JG Shanafelt (3, LACM); CA, Mono Co., 4 mi N of Benton, 6/12-8/31/1980, 5600 ft., D Giuliani, antifreeze pit trap (1, CSCA); CA, Inyo Co., Fish Lake Valley, 6 mi S and 4 mi E of Oasis, 10/20/1983-6/1/1986, 5200 ft., D Giuliani, antifreeze pit trap (2, CSCA); CA, Inyo Co., 8/1/1922, OC Poling (1, ANSP); CA, Inyo Co., Westguard Pass, White Mts., 7/19/1968, J Scott, at light (1, EMEC); NV, Mercury, 8/9/1964, 12M(TB) (2, USNM); NV, Churchill Co., Blow Sand Mts., T15N, R30E, 8/2/1979, RC Bechtel, LM Hanks, DL Horton & RW Rust, Black Light Trap, 1 specimen-Arenivaga erratica Rehn det. RC Bechtel ‘80 (2, NVDA); NV, Churchill Co., Blow Sand Mt. 28 mi SSE Fallon, 8/3/1979, RW Rust, Arenivaga erratica Rehn det. RC Bechtel ‘80 (1, NVDA); NV, Washoe Co., Reno, 7/26/1982, JB Knight (1, NVDA). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga milleri Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the genitive case. This species is named for my PI Dr. Kelly Miller, an outstanding systematist, patient PI and friend, in grateful appreciation for giving the lover of cockroaches a place in your beetle lab.

This species is found in the Mohave Desert along the California-Nevada border and northwards. An isolated specimen from northwest California is probably mislabeled or transported. See Fig. 104.

Arenivaga milleri may be confused with Arenivaga belli but is distinguished by the lack of a spine on the medial margin of the right dorsal phallomere. See Figs 103 and 31.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 17.9 mm, GW = 10.7 mm, PW = 6.05 mm, PL = 3.70 mm, TL/GW = 1.67, PL/PW = 0.61. EW = 0.40 mm; OW = 0.40 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 17.2–20.0 mm; range of GW 7.45–10.7 mm; range of PW 5.37–6.05 mm; range of PL 3.54–4.07 mm.

Head. Two ocelli very large, ovoid and protruding (0.4 × 0.25 mm); vertex brown with small ridges in rays around upper apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space deeply concave, smooth, brown fading to light brown at intersection with frons with two light brown circular indentations at base of interocular space. Posterior frons light brown fading quickly to waxy white, mildly concave with horizontal corrugations on brown portion, anterior portion of frons bulbous and waxy white; waxy white smooth anteclypeus. See Fig. 102d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent, waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum densely setose with fine light brown setae; pronotal pattern light orange-brown “panther face” with moderate detail discernible; no aura. See Fig. 102c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body light brown; subgenital plate light brown with orange-brown margin; asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 102b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (~30% of wing length); color light brown to medium brown depending on specimen and blotchy; surface matte and opaque. See Fig. 102a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous lightly sclerotized hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized; medial margin heavily sclerotized, shagreened, with slightly wavy toothed edge. Small central sclerite flat and finely punctate with posteriorly projecting, heavily toothed flanges dorsally and ventrally; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form structure rounded and punctate at posterior apex receding into narrower corrugations apically, followed by punctate rounded concave arm extending beyond depth of rest of phallomere. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere setose, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with moderate extension to pointed head with very slight concavity on short hook; arm smoothly curving. See Fig. 103.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

MEXICO, Sonora, 4.3 mi E Moctezuma.

Holotype: ♂ in SDMC labeled “MEXICO: Sonora, 4.3 mi E Moctezuma, 18-21 July 1987, N. Bloomfield” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga moctezuma Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (3): MEXICO: Sonora, 4.3 mi E of Moctezuma, 7/18-21/1987, N Bloomfield (3, SDMC). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga moctezuma Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the genitive case. This species is named for the town Moctezuma, near which all known specimens originate.

This species is known only from the type locality. See Fig. 107.

Arenivaga moctezuma may be mistaken for Arenivaga adamsi but is distinguished by a smaller, glabrous spine on the left phallomere and a much smaller and simpler small central sclerite. See Figs 106 and 13.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 18.1 mm, GW = 8.9 mm, PW = 5.70 mm, PL = 4.25 mm, TL/GW = 2.03, PL/PW = 0.75. EW = 0.50 mm; OW = 0.50 mm. No notable difference in size among paratypes.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and protruding (0.40 × 0.30 mm); vertex dark brown with small ridges in rays around upper apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; pale midline; interocellar space concave, medium brown, lighter anteriorly with three indentations at points of an equilateral triangle, top one round, bottom two eyebrow-shaped. Frons waxy white with brown edges near ocelli; posterior concave; anterior frons bulbous and waxy white; waxy white smooth anteclypeus. See Fig. 105d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with short orange-brown setae that are thicker and longer laterally; pronotal pattern dark orange-brown “panther face” with considerable detail discernible; lateral and anterior aura. See Fig. 105c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body light brown; subgenital plate light brown; asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 105b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (~35% of wing length); blotchy medium to dark brown; surface matte and opaque. See Fig. 105a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of lightly sclerotized, unusually curved, bulbous hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; medial side of lobe deeply emarginated from medial edge of remainder of phallomere; central field deep, cupped, lightly sclerotized; medial margin wide, more heavily sclerotized, smooth, with long ventrally projecting spine and one dorsally projecting spine located midway along margin. Small central sclerite concave, punctate, with large shagreened medially projecting wide upside-down-V-shape on anterior edge; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form shagreened rounded structure, with prominent medially projecting two-prong spine located posteriorly; attached anteriorly is flanged punctate concave arm that extends slightly beyond depth of rest of phallomere, edge shagreened. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere dramatically modified with sclerotized punctate anterior wall and posteriorly projecting smooth spine located ventrally. Genital hook with moderate extension to pointed head with moderate hook; curve of arm reduced. See Fig. 106.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

USA, California, Inyo Co., Death Valley, Sand Spring

Holotype: ♂ in CSCA labeled “CALIF: Inyo Co., Sand Spring 15.5 mi NW Scottys Castle, 3100’, II-87 to IX-1987, Antifreeze pit trap” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga mortisvallisensis Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes: None at this time.

This species is named for its locality, Death Valley, CA.

This species is only known from one specimen from Death Valley NM, CA. See Fig. 110.

Arenivaga mortisvallisensis is smaller than average for Arenivaga but may be confused with Arenivaga delicata which has sympatric distribution. Arenivaga mortisvallisensis may be distinguished by the medial margin of the right dorsal phallomere that projects anteriorly in pronounced manner into rounded, shagreened lobe with toothed margin. See Figs 109 and 40.

Male. Measurements. Approximate due to poor condition of specimen. Holotype TL = 15.3 mm, GW = 6.2 mm, PW = 4.3 mm, PL = 3.24 mm, TL/GW = 2.47, PL/PW = 0.75. EW = 0.60 mm; OW = 0.40 mm.

Head. Two ocelli large, ovoid and less protruding than on most species (0.3 × 0.2 mm); vertex unusually broad, dark brown with small ridges in rays around upper apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, smooth, dark brown; two teardrop shaped indentations medial to ocelli. Frons very dark brown, posterior half flat, tectiform just below indentations; anterior portion of frons bulbous, very dark brown; very dark brown smooth anteclypeus. See Fig. 108d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent, waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with short fine golden setae centrally and posteriorly grading to longer, thicker setae laterally and anteriorly; pronotal pattern dark brown “panther face”, impressed, with little discernible detail; no aura. See Fig. 108c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body orange-brown; abdomen missing from specimen; species, or perhaps just this specimen, unique in its almost complete absence of deposits of uric acid, and those only very minimally in forewings. Subgenital plate cleared in KOH with genitalia therefore color uncertain; strongly asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 108b.

Forewings. Wings extended beyond abdominal apex though distance cannot be estimated as abdomen is missing; transparent pale brown with veins darker brown; surface hyaline. See Fig. 108a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous lightly sclerotized lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field lightly sclerotized; medial margin strongly projected anteriorly into rounded, shagreened lobe with toothed margin. Small central sclerite of nondescript shape, finely punctate, mostly flat with ventrally bent rim slightly more sclerotize and densely punctate; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form rounded somewhat elongate smooth structure that becomes shorter and punctate anteriorly; attached anteriorly is mildly dorsally projecting flanged arm, shagreened with lightly toothed edge. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere setose, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with short distance to pointed head with short hook; arm very delicate. See Fig. 109.

All life history elements remain unobserved.

USA, California, Riverside Co., Box Canyon.

Holotype: ♂ in LACM labeled “CALIF., Riverside Co., Box Canyon, Mecca Hills, 600 ft. el., 12 Sept. 1986, J P & KES Donahue” “HOLOTYPE Arenivaga nalepae Hopkins, 2012” [red label with black border].

Paratypes (73): USA: CA, Riverside Co., Box Canyon, Mecca Hills, 9/12/1986, 600 ft., JP & KES Donahue (14, LACM); CA, Imperial Co., Imperial Valley, near Wister, 10/27/1990, minus 75 ft., JP & KES Donahue, T9S R13E Sec.35, #149799 (1, LACM); CA, Riverside Co., Lamb Canyon, 2 mi. NW of Gilman Hot Springs, 3/7-11/27/1988, 1500 ft., FG Andrews, Pit trap (1, CSCA); CA, Riverside Co., Painted Canyon, 9/13/1979-1/7/1979, FG Andrews, E.glycol pit trap in desert wash (1, CSCA); CA, Riverside Co., Pinyon Flat, 8/5/1966, CA & MJ Tauber (1, EMEC); CA, Riverside Co., S side of Orocopia Mts., 3/25/1990, 900 ft., JP & KB Donahue, T7S R13B SW 1/4S.30, #2911 (1, LACM); CA, San Diego Co., Borrego Springs, 11/21/1958, JW Baker Jr., Black light trap, 58K25-1 (1, CSCA); CA, Riverside Co., Chiriaco Pass, 9/18/1971 (2, UCRC); CA, Imperial, 13 mi. NW of Glamis, 10/9/1993, 33.06.3N 115.15.3W, 250 ft., RR & C Snelling, black light (1, LACM); CA, Colton(?), 9/?/1949, O Cluh(?) (1, UCRC); CA, Fresno Co., Waltham Creek, 4 mi W of Coalinga, 8/28/1952, Leech & Green, dry bed (1, CAS); CA, San Bdno. Co., Cajon Wash, 8/4/40, 2000’, Collected by J. C. vonBloeker (1, LACM); CA, Los Angeles Co., Black Butte, Antelope Valley, 8/22/1959, G Sphon (3, LACM); CA, LA Co., Black Butte, Antelope Valley, 7/25/1959, G Sphon, one specimen genitalia incomplete (5, LACM); CA, Inyo Co., Dunmovin, 9/6/1948, SA Sher, Arenivaga erratica Rehn det. HF Strohecker 1953 (1, USNM); CA, Los Angeles Co., Whitehorn Picnic Area, Angeles NF, 8/22/1959, JA Honey (1, LACM); CA, Los Angeles, 6 mi. W of Lancaster, 10/3-5/1960, JA Chemsak (1, EMEC); CA, Kern Co., 8/29/1949, McKittrick, [one specimen missing head] (3, LACM); CA, Boron, 8/9/1959, J Helfer, black dot (1, USNM); CA, Los Angeles Co., Juniper Hills, 8/26/1973, A.V. Evans (1, LACM); CA, Kern Co., 4 mi NE of Mohave, 9/17/1966, TR Haig (6, CSCA); CA, Kern Co., Red Rock Canyon SP, Ricardo Ranger Station, 8/31-9/1/1991, 2700 ft., JP Donahue T9S R37E Sec.34, #24, 431 (3, LACM); CA, Kern Co., Bakersfield, 4/6/1981, M Bock (1, LACM); CA, Kern Co., Bakersfield, 8/?/1954, R Smith, Cal.Dept.Agr.59H14-13, ex building (2, CSCA); CA, Fresno Co., Ciero Hills 18 air mi. SW of Mendota, 3/16/1975, J.T.Doyen, at light (2, EMEC); CA, Kings Co., Kettleman, 8/29/1972, L Bookout, Arenivaga sp. Det.AR Hardy 1972, Cal.Dept.Agr.37260, 7255-24, black light (2, CSCA); CA, Kern Co., near Buttonwillow, 9/27/1962, JR Anderson, ex burrow of Citellus beecheyi (1, EMEC); CA, Inyo Co., Saline Valley Salt Marsh, 1060’, 7/1/1976, D. Giuliani, collected at blacklight (1, CSCA); CA, Inyo Co., Inyo Mts., Lead Canyon, 9/2/1976, 6-6500 ft., D Giuliani, BLM Survey, Inyo Co. Saline Valley 1976 site 3 (3, LACM); CA, Inyo Co., Eureka Valley Dunes, 9/4/1975, D Giuliani (3, CSCA); CA, Inyo Co., Eureka Valley Dunes, 7/13/1975, Andrews & Hardy (1, CSCA); NV, Mercury, 8/14/1964, 1BB25M(T) (1, USNM); AZ, Yuma Co., nr. Tacna, on dunes, night, 12/16/2010, 32.696N, 113.79W, 148 m, AD Smith (3, HEH). MEXICO: BC, San Felipe, 6/15/1952, Cazier, Gertsch & Schrammel (1, AMNH). All paratypes labeled “Paratype Arenivaga nalepae Hopkins 2012” [blue label with black border].

The name is a noun in the genitive case. This species is named for Christine Nalepa, who loves cockroaches, encourages that love in others, and co-authored “Cockroaches: Ecology, Behavior and Natural History”, a book that had a profound effect on me.

This species is distributed from Saline Valley Salt Marsh in its northern and western extents to San Felipe, Baja California Norte, Mexico in its southern and eastern extents. See Fig. 113.

Arenivaga nalepae sp. n. is average in size and coloration for Arenivaga. It can be mistaken phenotypically for many other species, and its genitalia closely resemble that of Arenivaga belli, with whom it is probably closely related. The shape of the hook-shaped lobe on the right dorsal phallomere and the overall proportions of the right ventral phallomere are two distinguishing characters of this species. See Figs 112 and 31.

Male. Measurements. Holotype TL = 20.4 mm, GW = 8.8 mm, PW = 6.22 mm, PL = 4.08 mm, TL/GW = 2.32, PL/PW = 0.65. EW = 0.25 mm; OW = 0.25 mm. Among paratypes range of TL 15.9–22.7 mm; range of GW 6.9–11.0 mm; range of PW 4.83–7.75 mm; range of PL 3.43–4.61 mm.

Head. Two ocelli very large, ovoid and protruding (0.5 × 0.4 mm), surrounded by waxy beige >0.1 mm border; vertex dark brown with small ridges in rays around upper apices of eyes and extending onto ocellar tubercles; interocellar space concave, dark brown with central medium brown dimple and two deep set medium brown dimples medial to inner apex of ocelli. Posterior frons pale orange-brown fading to waxy white towards clypeus, concave; anterior frons waxy white, bulbous; broad flat waxy white anteclypeus. See Fig. 111d.

Pronotum. Pronotum translucent, waxy beige; dorsal surface of pronotum with short fine brown setae laterally and anteriorly; pronotal pattern orange-brown “panther face” with little discernible detail; slight lateral aura. See Fig. 111c.

Body. Wing brace present. Two tarsal claws present. Legs and body light orange-brown, darker maculation laterally on each sternite; subgenital plate with darker orange-brown border; strongly asymmetrical with rounded apices. See Fig. 111b.

Forewings. Wings extended well beyond abdominal apex (~40% of wing length); light beige with occasional orange-brown blotches depending on specimen; surface translucent with slight sheen. See Fig. 111a.

Genitalia. Right dorsal phallomere composed of bulbous lightly sclerotized hook-shaped lobe, articulated with right ventral phallomere on lateral side; central field slightly sclerotized; medial margin heavily sclerotized, extending into smooth spine near distal end. Small central sclerite flat and finely punctate with posteriorly projecting, shagreened crescent in which dorsal arm of crescent is more prominently raised and toothed than ventral arm; right ventral phallomere extends from articulation to form rounded punctate structure at posterior apex but with shagreened corrugations at anterior apical end, followed by smaller offset shagreened projection and then by rounded concave arm extending beyond depth of rest of phallomere. Folded anterior portion of left phallomere setose, otherwise unmodified. Genital hook with long extension to pointed head with slight concavity on short hook; arm has distinct bend. See Fig. 112.