Sinonissus brunetus Wang, Shi & Bourgoin, 2018.

Body small, slightly flat in vertical view. Width of head (Figs 1, 3, 5, 7) including eyes narrower than pronotum. Vertex (Figs 13, 32, 51) with width at base longer than length in middle ca. three times, disc of vertex depressed distinct, without median carina, anterior margin slightly convex or nearly straight, posterior margin obviously arched concave. Gena (Figs 14, 33, 52) with one obvious ocellus between compound eye and antenna in lateral view. Frons (Figs 15, 34, 53) rectangular, with median carina explicit, without lateral carina, the apical margin straight or not obviously forked, nearly reaching to frontoclypeal suture, with weeny tubercles near lateral margin, lateral margin nearly paralleled, the base slightly narrow, broader toward to apical margin, the widest below level of compound eyes. Clypeus (Figs 15, 34, 53) triangular, with median carina distinct or obscure. Rostrum surpassing mesotrochanters. Pronotum (Figs 13, 32, 51) without median carina or degraded, with lateral carina, without sub-lateral carina, pit each other between median carina and lateral carina, apical margin obtuse-angle concaved, posterior margin straight. Mesonotum (Figs 13, 32, 51) triangular, with median carina obvious or obscure or not, without sub-lateral carina. Forewings (Figs 9, 16, 35, 54) ovate, with length ca. 1.8 times longer than maximum width, anterior margin slightly cambered, anterior margin and posterior margin subparallel, apical margin obtusely rounded, longitudinal veins obvious and elevate, short transverse veins pale, with wide “hypocostal plate”, ScP and RP convergent near base, ScP vein long, no forked, nearly reaching the apical margin forewing, MP bifurcating two branches in basal 1/3, CuA forked into two branches near middle, behind the joint of Pcu and A₁; CuP present, Pcu and A₁ uniting in middle of clavus. Hindwings (Figs 17, 55) absent or reduced, small, vein simple. Hind tibiae each with two lateral spines, spinal formula of hind leg (7-9)–(8-9)–2.

Figures 1–8. 

Habitus of Sinonissus species. 1, 2 Sinonissus brunetus Wang, Shi & Bourgoin, 2018 3, 4 Sinonissus daozhenensis Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 5, 6 Sinonissus hamulatus Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 7, 8 Sinonissus longicaudus Chang & Chen, sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Anal tube (Figs 11, 19, 37, 57) moderately long, irregularly pentagonal in dorsal view, the basal part narrow, the apical part more broad, maximum width in apical 1/3 of anal tube. Anal style (Figs 11, 19, 37, 57) moderately long, not surpassing anal tube. Pygofer (Figs 10, 18, 36, 56) symmetrical, irregularly rectangular; anterior margin and posterior margin nearly paralleled in lateral view, dorsal margin and ventral margin nearly paralleled in lateral view. Genital styles (Figs 10, 18, 38, 56) relatively rectangular, dorsal margin and ventral margin slightly arched, without triangular prominence near dorsal margin before capitulum. Capitulum of genital styles irregularly triangular, the basal part with half-elliptical process, the apical part with thin triangular process, neck obvious. Phallobase (Figs 12, 21, 40, 59) symmetrical, “U”-shaped tube in lateral view, dorsal lobe with apical part membranous, splitting into one sclerous branch in apical 1/3, with lateral lobe splitting into two branches, with ventral lobe shorter than dorsal lobe. Aedeagus (Figs 12, 21, 40, 59) with various long processes in lateral view.

Figures 9–12. 

Sinonissus brunetus Wang, Shi & Bourgoin, 2018 9 forewing 10 male genitalia, lateral view 11 anal segment, dorsal view 12 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: a, short hooked process.

(Figs 23–25, 42–44, 61–63). Anal tube (Figs 26, 45, 64) ovate, long in middle than the width, apical margin with unobvious or obvious membranous triangular protuberance. Anal style (Figs 26, 45, 64) long, located near base of anal tube. Hind margin of gonocoxa VIII with endogonocoxal lobe not obvious (Figs 27, 46, 65), endogonocoxal process membranous, narrowing gradually. Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII irregularly rectangular, with sclerous triangular process in basal dorsal margin, with two or three lateral teeth bearing two or three keels in lateral group and three teeth in apical group (Figs 27, 46, 65). Posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX (Figs 28, 29, 47, 48, 66, 67) triangular, with lateral field and sublateral field without obvious process (Figs 28, 47, 66); median field with prominence (median dorsal process) (Figs 28, 47, 66); ventroposterior lobes bent angle obtuse or acute (posterior ventral lobes) (Figs 29, 48, 67). Gonoplacs (Figs 30, 49, 68) without keels. Hind margin of sternum VII (Figs 31, 50, 69) median sunken, without any process in ventral view.

Figures 13–22. 

Sinonissus daozhenensis Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 13 head and thorax, dorsal view 14 head and thorax, lateral view 15 head, ventral view 16 forewing 17 hindwing 18 male genitalia, lateral view 19 anal segment, dorsal view 20 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 21 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 22 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: a, lobe-like process; b, long flexuous process.

1♂, China: Guizhou, Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve (28°26'N, 106°01'E, 315 m), 28–29 May 2006, Y Tang leg..

China (Chongqing, Guizhou, Sichuan).

Holotype: ♂, China: Guizhou, Daozhen County, Sanqiao Town (29°03'N, 107°30'E, 1300–1600 m), 22–24 May 2004, B Zhang and P Xu leg.; paratypes: 3♀♀, same data as holotype; 1♂, Guizhou, Daozhen County, Sanqiao Town (29°03'N, 107°30'E, 1500 m), 23 May 2004, X-S Chen leg.; 2♀♀, Guizhou, Daozhen County, Dashahe National Nature Reserve (26°38'N, 108°03'E, 600–700 m), 25–27 May 2004, B Zhang and P Xu leg.; 1♀, Guizhou, Daozhen County, Sanqiao Town (29°03'N, 107°30'E, 600–900 m), 16 Sept. 2005, Q-Z Song leg..

This species is similar to S. brunetus, but it differs from the latter by phallobase with ventral lobe with lobe-like process near middle in lateral view (Fig. 21: a); aedeagus with long flexuous process near middle in lateral view (Fig. 21: b); posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX with median field with symmetrical ear-shaped prominences (Fig. 28).

Body length: male 3.85–4.04 mm, female 4.14–4.4 mm. Forewing: male 3.27–3.33 mm, female 3.38–3.54 mm.

Coloration. General color brown (Figs 3, 4). Vertex, pronotum and mesonotum (Fig. 13) yellow brown. Eyes brown to black (Fig. 14). Forewings (Fig. 3) pale brown, longitudinal veins pale brown, transverse veins pale white. Hindwings brownish black. Legs yellow brown, with tips of spines on hind tibiae and tarsi black.

Head and thorax. Head (Fig. 13) including eyes slightly narrower than pronotum (0.80: 1.00). Vertex (Fig. 13) shorter in middle than the wide at base (1.00: 2.52). Frons (Fig. 15) longer in midline than the widest breath (1.15: 1.00), median carina with the apical margin straight, nearly reaching to frontoclypeal suture. Clypeus (Fig. 15) triangular, with distinct median carina. Pronotum (Fig. 13) with median carina obscure, lateral carina reaching to the posterior margin. Mesonotum (Fig. 13) triangular, with median carina obscure. Forewings (Fig. 16) elongate, 1.67 times as long as maximum breadth. Hindwings (Fig. 17) reduced, small, with one vein. Hind tibiae each with two lateral spines, spinal formula of hind leg (8-9)–(8-9)–2.

Male genitalia. Anal tube (Fig. 19) irregularly pentagonal in dorsal view, the widest in apical 1/3, longer in midline than the width (1.49: 1.00). Anal style (Fig. 19) sturdy and long, located at the base 1/3 of anal tube. Pygofer (Fig. 18) with dorsal margin slightly narrow than ventral margin, posterior margin convex in middle. Genital styles (Fig. 18) relatively rectangular, dorsal margin and ventral margin nearly parallel. Capitulum of genital styles relative long, irregularly triangular, neck obvious (Fig. 20). Phallobase (Figs 21, 22) with dorsal lobe cystiform at apical part, with stout rod-like process in apical half in lateral view; lateral lobe splitting into two stout branches; ventral lobe with one lobe-like process near middle in lateral view (Fig. 21: a), in ventral view, looking like three obvious lobes (Fig. 22: a), short, the apical margin arced convexly, reaching to 2/3 of dorsal lobe. Aedeagus with long flexuous process at middle in lateral view (Figs 21: b, 22: b).

Female genitalia (Figs 23–31). Anal tube (Fig. 26) nearly oval, longer in middle than the widest breadth (1.61: 1.00), the apical margin arced, with unobvious membranous triangular protuberance, the widest at the basal 1/2. Anal style long, located at the basal 1/4 of anal tube (Fig. 26). Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII with obviously sclerous triangular process in basal dorsal margin, with three lateral teeth bearing three keels in lateral group and three apical teeth (Fig. 27). Posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX (Figs 28, 29) relative broad, median field symmetrical, with two ear-shaped prominences (medial dorsal process) (Fig. 28); ventroposterior lobes bent at obtuse angle (posterior ventral lobes) (Fig. 29). Gonoplacs (Fig. 30) without keels. Hind margin of sternum VII median slightly concaved in ventral view (Fig. 31).

Figures 23–31. 

Female genitalia. Sinonissus daozhenensis Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 23 dorsal view 24 lateral view 25 ventral view 26 anal segment, dorsal view 27 anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII, lateral view 28 posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX, dorsal view 29 posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX, lateral view 30 gonoplacs, lateral view 31 sternum VII, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: lf, lateral field of posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX; mdp, medial dorsal process; mf, medial field of posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX; pvd, posterior ventral lobes; slf, sublateral field of posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX.

Figures 32–41. 

Sinonissus hamulatus Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 32 head and thorax, dorsal view 33 head and thorax, lateral view 34 head, ventral view 35 forewing 35 male genitalia, lateral view 37 anal segment, dorsal view 38 genital styles, lateral view 39 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 40 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 41 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: a, finger-like cystiform process; b, curved rod-like process; c, short hooked process.

The new species is named for its collecting location in the Daozhen County (Guizhou Province).

Bamboo (Qiongzhuea communis Hsueh & Yi).

China (Guizhou).

This species is similar to S. brunetus, but it differs from the latter by: 1) the width of vertex (Fig. 13) as long as 2.52 times in middle line; 2) phallobase with ventral lobe with lobe-like process near middle in lateral view, in ventral view ventral lobe tree lobes (Figs 21, 22); 3) aedeagus with long flexuous process near middle in lateral view (Fig. 21); 4) female genitalia with posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX with median field with symmetrical ear-shaped prominences (Fig. 28).

Holotype: ♂, China: Guizhou, Jiangkou County, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve (27°54'N, 108°38'E, 500–1800 m), 1–3 June 2002, X-S Chen leg.; paratypes: 10♂♂ 10♀♀, same data as holotype.

This species is similar to S. brunetus, but it differs from the latter by anal tube with spoon-like protrusion in lateral view (Fig. 36) (without spoon-like protrusion in S. brunetus); dorsal lobe of phallobase with rod-like cystiform processes at apical part (Fig. 40) (without rod-like process in S. brunetus); aedeagus with short hooked process, tip of process directed to dorso-posterior (Fig. 40) (tip of process directed to dorso-anterior in S. brunetus).

Figures 42–50. 

Female genitalia. Sinonissus hamulatus Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 42 dorsal view 43 lateral view 44 ventral view 45 anal segment, dorsal view 46 anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII, lateral view 47 posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX, dorsal view 48 posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX, lateral view 49 gonoplacs, lateral view 50 sternum VII, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figures 51–60. 

Sinonissus longicaudus Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 51 head and thorax, dorsal view 52 head and thorax, lateral view 53 head, ventral view 54 forewing 55 hindwing 56 male genitalia, lateral view 57 anal segment, dorsal view 58 capitulum of genital styles, ventral view 59 phallobase and aedeagus, lateral view 60 phallobase and aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: a, horned cystiform process; b, thin rod-like process; c, ventral lobe process; d, long flagellate process.

Body length: male 3.61–3.98 mm, female 4.12–4.52 mm. Forewing: male 2.97–3.39 mm, female 3.46–3.80 mm.

Coloration. General color pale yellow to yellowish brown (Figs 5, 6). Vertex, pronotum and mesonotum (Fig. 32) pale yellow. Eyes brown to black (Fig. 33). Forewings (Fig. 5) pale yellow or yellowish brown, longitudinal veins pale brown, transverse veins pale white. Legs yellow brown, with tips of spines on hind tibiae and tarsi black.

Head and thorax. Head (Fig. 32) including eyes slightly narrower than pronotum (0.75: 1.00). Vertex (Fig. 32) shorter in middle than the wide at base (1.00: 3.00). Frons (Fig. 34) longer in middle than the widest breath (1.09: 1.00), median carina with the apical margin obscurely forked, nearly reaching to frontoclypeal suture. Clypeus triangular, with distinct median carina (Fig. 34). Pronotum (Fig. 32) with median carina obscure, lateral carina reaching to the posterior margin. Mesonotum (Fig. 32) triangular, without median carina. Forewings (Fig. 35) elongate, 1.82 times as long as maximum breadth. Hindwings absolutely reduced. Hind tibiae each with two lateral spines, spinal formula of hind leg 7–9–2.

Male genitalia. Anal tube (Fig. 37) irregularly ligulate in dorsal view, the widest in apical 1/3, longer in midline than the width (1.85: 1.00), in lateral view anal tube with spoon-like protrusion (Fig. 36). Anal style (Fig. 37) sturdy and long, located at the base third of anal tube. Pygofer (Fig. 36) with dorsal margin slightly narrow than ventral margin. Genital styles (Fig. 38) relatively rectangular, dorsal margin slightly arched. Capitulum of genital styles relative long, irregularly triangular, neck obvious (Fig. 39). Phallobase (Figs 40, 41) with dorsal lobe finger-like cystiform process near apical part (Fig. 40: a), with relatively curved rod-like process in apical 1/3 (Fig. 40: b) in lateral view; lateral lobe splitting into two stout branches, the apical margin truncated in ventral view; ventral lobe short, unobvious lobe-like process near middle, reaching to 3/4 of dorsal lobe in lateral view, with three unobvious small lobes in ventral view. Aedeagus with short hooked process in the middle in lateral view, directed to dorso-posterior (Figs 40: c, 41: c).

Female genitalia (Figs 42–50). Anal tube (Fig. 45) nearly oval, longer in middle than the widest breadth (1.70: 1.00), the apical margin arched, with unobvious membranous triangular protuberance, the widest at the basal 1/2. Anal style long, located at the basal fifth of anal tube (Fig. 45). Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII with obviously sclerous triangular process in basal dorsal margin, with three lateral teeth bearing three keels in lateral group and three apical teeth (Fig. 46). Posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX (Figs 47, 48) relatively broad, median field symmetrical, with nearly circular prominences, apical margin deeply incised in middle (medial dorsal process) (Fig. 47); ventroposterior lobes bent at obtuse angle (posterior ventral lobes), with membranous triangular process at inner region near the apical part (Fig. 48). Gonoplacs (Fig. 49) without keels. Hind margin of sternum VII median distinctly concave in ventral view (Fig. 50).

This new species is derived from the Latin word hamulatus, referring to the short hamular process of aedeagus.

Unknown.

China (Guizhou).

This new species is distinguished from other species of this genus by: 1) anal tube irregularly ligulate in dorsal view, with spoon-like protrusion in lateral view (Fig. 37); 2) phallobase with dorsal lobe rod-like cystiform processes at apical part, ventral lobes with three not obvious small lobes in ventral view (Fig. 40); 3) aedeagus with short hooked process in middle in lateral view (Fig. 40); 4) female genitalia with posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX in median field with nearly circular process (Fig. 47).

Holotype: ♂, China: Sichuan, Emeishan, Da’e Village (29°33'N, 103°24'E), 12–14 July 2010, Y-L Zheng leg.; paratypes: 1♂6♀♀, same data as holotype, Y-L Zheng and P Zhang leg.; 1♂1♀, Sichuan, Emeishan (29°30'N, 103°20'E), 3 Aug. 2012, H Li leg..

This species is similar to S. brunetus but can be distinguished from the latter by aedeagus (Fig. 59) with long flagellate process in the middle in lateral view; phallobase (Fig. 60) with ventral lobe triangular, apical margin extremely narrow, the basal part broad in ventral view.

Body length: male 3.38–3.63 mm, female 4.05–4.36 mm. Forewing: male 2.74–3.01 mm, female 3.27–3.62 mm.

Coloration. General color pale yellow to pale yellowish brown (Figs 7, 8). Vertex, pronotum and mesonotum (Fig. 51) pale yellow. Eyes brown (Fig. 52). Forewings (Fig. 7) pale yellow or yellowish brown, longitudinal veins pale brown, transverse veins pale white. Legs yellow brown, with tips of spines on hind tibiae and tarsi black.

Head and thorax. Head (Fig. 51) including eyes slightly narrower than pronotum (0.73: 1.00). Vertex (Fig. 51) shorter in middle than the wide at base (1.00: 3.33). Frons (Fig. 53) longer in middle than the widest breath (1.14: 1.00), median carina with the apical margin straight, nearly reaching to frontoclypeal suture. Clypeus triangular, with obscure median carina (Fig. 53). Pronotum (Fig. 51) with median carina obscure, lateral carina reaching to the posterior margin. Mesonotum (Fig. 51) triangular, with median carina obvious. Forewings (Fig. 54) elongate, 1.78 times as long as maximum breadth. Hindwings (Fig. 55) reduced, small, with two veins. Hind tibiae each with two lateral spines, spinal formula of hind leg 8–8–2.

Male genitalia. Anal tube (Fig. 57) irregularly pentagonal in dorsal view, widest in the middle, longer in midline than the width (1.41: 1.00), ventral margin nearly straight. Anal style sturdy and short, located at the base half of anal tube (Fig. 57). Pygofer (Fig. 56) with dorsal margin narrower than ventral margin. Genital styles (Fig. 56) rectangular, dorsal margin and ventral margin nearly parallel. Capitulum of genital styles relatively short, irregularly triangular, neck obvious (Fig. 58). Phallobase (Figs 59, 60) with dorsal lobe small horned cystiform process at apical part (Fig. 59: a), with relatively straight thin rod-like process in apical 1/4 (Fig. 59: b) in lateral view; lateral lobe splitting into two stout branches, the apical margin arced in ventral view; ventral lobe short, reaching to 5/6 of dorsal lobe in lateral view, in ventral view the apical part triangular, apical margin extremely narrow, the basal part broad (Figs 59: c, 60: c). Aedeagus with long flagellate process in the middle in lateral view, directed to dorso-anterior (Fig. 59: d).

Female genitalia (Figs 61–69). Anal tube (Fig. 64) nearly oval, longer in middle than the widest breadth (1.29: 1.00), the apical margin arced, with obvious membranous triangular protuberance, the widest near the basal 1/3. Anal style long, located at the basal third of anal tube (Fig. 64). Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII with obviously sclerous triangular process in basal dorsal margin, with two lateral teeth bearing two or three keels in lateral group and two or three apical teeth (Fig. 65). Posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX (Figs 66, 67) relatively narrow, median field asymmetrical, with tubercle-like prominences (medial dorsal process) (Fig. 66); ventroposterior lobes bent at acute angle (posterior ventral lobes) (Fig. 67). Gonoplacs (Fig. 68) without keels. Hind margin of sternum VII median distinctly concave in ventral view (Fig. 69).

Figures 61–69. 

Female genitalia. Sinonissus longicaudus Chang & Chen, sp. nov. 61 dorsal view 62 lateral view 63 ventral view 64 anal segment, dorsal view 65 anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII, lateral view 66 Posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX, dorsal view 67 Posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX, lateral view 68 Gonoplacs, lateral view 69 Sternum VII, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

This new species is named for the presence of one long flagellate process of aedeagus.

Unknown.

China (Sichuan).

This new species is distinguished from other species of this genus by: 1) aedeagus with long flagellate process in the middle in lateral view, directed to dorso-anterior (Fig. 59: d); 2) phallobase with dorsolateral lobe relatively straight, thin, rod-like process in lateral view (Fig. 59: b), ventral lobes triangular, apical margin extremely narrow, basal part broad in ventral view (Fig. 60: c); 3) female genitalia with posterior connective lamina of gonapophysis IX median field asymmetrical, with tubercle-like prominences (Fig. 66).