(Figs 4A, B). Colour in life unknown. Head yellowish brown with rugosity near the eyes. Antennal segments I-IV as pale as cephalic dorsum, and V and VI darker. Dorsal pigmentation and sclerotisation very variable. In several specimens, holotype included prothorax with complete but pale band, metathorax with brown spinopleural transverse band and setiferous marginal sclerites, abdominal segments 1-6 with an extensive dark spinopleural patch, partially fragmented in midline and with an irregular lateral margin partly incorporating the marginal sclerites; abdominal segments 7 and 8 with bands paler than patch. In other specimens, dorsum mainly membranous, with pale brown to brown pleural sclerites on abdominal segments 1-6, which are irregular in shape and sometimes joined between segments, and several very small and pale marginal setiferous sclerites. Other specimens have an intermediate degree of sclerotisation and pigmentation. Mesosternal mammariform processes yellowish, thin and tall. Siphunculi cylindrical, dark, and densely covered with denticulate scales. Cauda triangular (sometimes with a slight constriction) with pointed apex, and not darker than legs. Anal and genital plates as pale as cauda. Metric and meristic features in Table 3.

(Fig. 4C). Head brown, as dark as thorax. Abdominal segments 1 and 2 with spinal sclerites; segments 4-5 with spinopleural patch, sometimes partially joined with the spinopleural bands on 3 and 6; segments 1-6 with marginal sclerites; segment 7 with a band paler than previously mentioned sclerites; segment 8 with pale setiferous sclerites, sometimes coalesced together. Metric and meristic features in Table 3.

Holotype: Apterous viviparous female (specimen 2), on Silene gallica, Banyuls-sur-Mer (Pyrénées Orientales), France, 11-VII-1957, Remaudière leg. (sample 4241). Paratypes: 39 apterous and 9 alate viviparous females with the same data that the holotype; plus 49 apterous viviparae on Silene paradoxa, Défilé de l’Inzecca (Haute Corse), 4-VI-1970, F. Leclant leg. (sample 4660) [Remaudière sample 17925].

The specific name of the new species, gallica, is an adjective that refers to the Galia, France in times of the Roman Empire, in feminine; it is also coincident with the specific name of the host plant of the holotype.

See the discussion of the following new species.

(Fig. 4D). Colour in life unknown. Head yellowish brown to brown. Antennal segments II-III or II-V pigmented like cephalic dorsum, and I and IV-VI or only VI darker than others. Mesosternal mammariform processes rounded, low and pale. Several specimens (holotype included) are pale in general with dark brown intersegmental sclerites, brown postsiphuncular and spiracular sclerites, pale brown setiferous sclerites on abdominal segments 6–8, sometimes coalescing together into transverse bands. The most pigmented specimen has a transverse spinopleural band on prothorax, fragmented bands on mesothorax and abdominal segments 1, 6 and 7, fragmented spinopleural patches on abdominal segments 2–5, and setiferous sclerites on metathorax and abdominal segments 1 and 8. Siphunculi markedly swollen, with stem nearly smooth, and pale or with a smoky apical portion. Cauda triangular, sometimes with a slight constriction near the base, and as pale as the greater part of siphunculi and legs. Genital and anal plates as pale as cauda. Metric and meristic features in Table 3.

(Fig. 5A). Head brown, as pigmented as pro- and pterothorax and darker than antennae, tarsi and distal portions of femora and tibiae. Abdominal segments 3–5 with a spinopleural patch, and 7–8 with transverse bands. Siphunculi as dark as pigmented parts of femora. Other qualitative features as in apterae. Metric and meristic features in Table 3.

Winged. Qualitatively very similar to alate viviparous females; with dark parameres. Metric and meristic features in Table 3.

Holotype: Apterous viviparous female (specimen 5), on Silene sp. Kuh-e Dinar (Kohgiluyed and Boyer-Ahmad), Iran, 14-IX-1955, Remaudière leg. (sample i1118a). Paratypes: 15 apterous, 2 viviparous females and 1 male with the same data that the holotype; plus 1 apterous viviparae and 2 alate viviparae on an unidentified species of Caryophyllaceae, Chalus [road to Amol] (Mazenderan), Iran, 3-V-1963, Remaudière leg. (sample i2417).

The specific name is a neutral noun in apposition, formed for the Greek words “amphora” and “siphon”, which respectively mean flask and siphon, like in the genus Amphorosiphon.

The distinctive features of Aphidura amphorosiphon sp. n. and Aphidura gallica sp. n. are summarized in the identification key to apterae of Aphidura in the general discussion, and in the following modification to the key to aphids on Silene (Blackman and Eastop 2006) for addition of Aphidura amphorosiphon and Aphidura gallica (Aphidura spp. from Iran and from France respectively in that key), and also Aphidura massagetica and Aphidura nomadica, which have been recently described (Kadyrbekov 2013), with deletion of couplets 28 to 34, although several propositions have been partially or completely reutilised:

(Fig. 5B). Colour in life unknown. Antennae, rostrum, legs, siphunculi, genital plate and cauda yellowish. Frontal tubercles low. Mesosternal mammariform processes low, rough and pale, sometimes inconspicuous. Dorsum of thorax and abdomen without segmental sclerites; intersegmental and spiracular sclerites inconspicuous. The characteristic spinules on postsiphuncular area and tergum of abdominal segments 7 and 8 are dispersed and delicate. Siphunculi short, slightly swollen and densely covered with scales. Cauda short triangular, with broad basis. Metric and meristic features in Table 4.

Holotype: Apterous viviparous female (specimen 1), on Dianthus sp. Kalam (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Pakistan, 1800 m, 17-VIII-1991, Naumann-Etienne leg. [Remaudière’s sample 014072]. Paratypes: 3 apterous viviparous females with the same data that the holotype.

The specific name of the new species is an adjective that refers to Pakistan, in feminine.

Aphidura pakistanensis sp. n. is the third species of the genus living on Dianthus. Its distinctive features are summarized in the identification key to apterae of Aphidura in the general discussion, and in the following modification to the key to aphids on Dianthus (Blackman and Eastop 2006) for addition of Aphidura pakistanensis:

(Fig. 5C). Colour in life unknown. Head pale yellow. Antennal segment I-IV and proximal half of V as pale as cephalic dorsum, distal part of V and VI yellow brown. Dorsum of thorax and abdomen membranous and pale, with yellowish brown spiracular and brown intersegmental sclerites. Mesosternal mammariform processes low, rugose and pale. Siphunculi gently and asymmetrically swollen, rugose and more-or-less pigmented like tibiae. Cauda tongue-shaped with broad apex, pigmented like siphunculi. Anal and genital plates as pale as cauda. Metric and meristic features in Table 4.

Holotype: Apterous viviparous female, on Gypsophila sp., Veria [road to Kastania] (Imanthia), Greece, 18-VI-1964, G. Remaudière leg. (sample 03026).

The specific name of the new species is an adjective that means inhabitant of Greece, in feminine.

Aphidura graeca sp. n. lives on Gypsophila, as does Aphidura gypsophilae, and also Aphidura pannonica, which has been above recorded on this plant-genus for first time. The distinctive features of Aphidura graeca are summarized in the identification key to apterae of Aphidura in the general discussion and in the following modification to the key to aphids on Gypsophila (Blackman and Eastop 2006), to include Aphidura graeca and Aphidura pannonica, and also Aphidura naimanica and Aphidura togaica, which have recently been described (Kadyrbekov 2013):

(Fig. 5D). Colour in life unknown. Head yellowish brown to brown. Clypeus bigger than those of the other species of Aphidura. Antennae yellowish brown, with brown segment VI, distal 1/3 of V, and articulation between IV and V. Mesosternal mammariform processes well separated from one another, pale and round. Intersegmental sclerites small and dark brown; spiracular sclerites on segment 7 wider and darker than other abdominal spiracular sclerites; abdominal segments 3-6 with pleural and sometimes very small setiferous spinal sclerites, or with spinopleural sclerites; abdominal terga 7 and 8 pale. Siphunculi with narrow base, cylindrical (usually with slight outward curve) or slightly swollen, and as pale as tibiae. Cauda tongue-shaped, pale like genital and anal plate. Metric and meristic features in Table 4.

Holotype: Apterous viviparous female (specimen 5), on Spergula marina, Shahi island, Lake Urmia (East Azerbaijan), Iran, 5-VIII-1955, Remaudière leg. (sample i962). Paratypes: 42 apterous with the same data that the holotype; plus 6 apterous viviparae on Spergularia marina, Charimboulaki, Lake Urmia (West Azerbaijan), Iran, 9-VIII-1955, Remaudière leg. (sample i004a).

The specific name, urmiensis is an adjective that refers to lake Urmia, in feminine, from the name of the Catholic Chaldean Archdiocese of Urmia.

The distinctive features of Aphidura urmiensis sp. n., which lives on Spergula marina are summarized in the identification key to apterae of Aphidura in the general discussion and in the following modification to key to aphids on Spergula and Spergularia (Blackman and Eastop 2006) for addition of Aphidura urmiensis:

(Fig. 6A). Colour in life unknown. Head brown. Vertex with spinules disposed in scattered groups. Prothorax and at least some of abdominal segment 2-4 with small marginal tubercles; abdominal segment 8 with 0-2, most frequently 1, small spinal tubercles. Mesosternal mammariform processes rounded and pale. Dorsal pigmentation and sclerotisation very variable. In several specimens (holotype included) prothorax with a complete band, mesothorax with a band with lateral windows, metathorax with two large spinopleural sclerites; abdominal segments 1-5 with several setiferous marginal sclerites, and a spinopleural patch, which has irregular edges and windows and may be coalesced with the metathoracic sclerites; abdominal segment 6 with small intersiphuncular and two postsiphuncular sclerites; segments 7 and 8 with brownish band; intersegmental sclerites are embodied in the above; spiracular sclerites inconspicuous. In less sclerotized and paler specimens the bands and patch are broken. Siphunculi slightly swollen, ornamented with denticulate scales, and paler than cephalic dorsum and dorsal thoracic-abdominal sclerotized areas. Cauda thin triangular, paler than siphunculi. Genital plate pale; anal plate coloured like cauda. Metric and meristic features in Table 4.

Holotype: Apterous viviparous female (specimen 1), on Prunus sp., Khoy [30 km North] (West Azerbaijan), Iran, 1700 m, 7-VIII-1955, G. Remaudière leg. (sample i982). Paratypes: 5 apterous viviparous females, with the same collecting data as holotype.

The specific name of the new species, iranensis, is an adjective that refers to Iran, in feminine.

Aphidura iranensis sp. n. is the second species of the genus living on species of Prunus. Its distinctive features are summarized in the identification key to apterae of Aphidura in the general discussion, and in the following modification to the key to aphids on Prunus (Blackman and Eastop 1994) for addition of Aphidura iranensis: