Holotype, female, “Doryc.035”, (IEBR), NW Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Mai Chau, Pa Co, forest, 1100 m, 26.iv.2002, KD Long.

Occipital carina complete medio-dorsally, obliterated below and not fused with hypostomal carina (Fig. 3); frons almost flat, finely granulate; vertex and temple finely granulate; distance from pronotal carina to mesonotum equal to distance from carina to anterior margin of pronotum; in lateral view, metanotum with long pointed tooth (Fig. 5a); precoxal sulcus long, narrow, crenulate (Fig. 5); mesopleuron and metapleuron finely granulate; notauli shallow, sparsely crenulate anteriorly, widened posteriorly, with median crenulate depression (Fig. 6); propodeum with median carina in basal 0.3; pterostigma 4.5 × as long as wide; fore wing vein 3-SR 5.0 × vein r; vein 1-CU1 very short, nearly quadrate; vein cu-a almost interstitial (Fig. 10); second submarginal cell parallel-sided, basal length 2.9 × its maximum width and 0.9 × subdiscal cell (Fig. 10); vein 1-M of hind wing 6.3 × vein 1r-m (Fig. 11); inner side of fore tibia with four spines; hind coxa finely and densely granulate; hind tibia 7.7 × its maximum width; first metasomal tergite gradually widened from base to apex, 2.4 × its apical width (Fig. 8); second tergite with lenticular apical area weakly delineated with shallow furrows (Fig. 8); second-third tergites coarsely longitudinally striate; fourth-fifth tergites longitudinally striate basally, finely striate apically; sixth tergite with semi-circular striae in its apical half.

Female, body length 5.4 mm; fore wing length 4.5 mm; ovipositor sheath 3.4 mm (Fig. 1).

Head. Antenna incomplete, with 45 segments remaining; scapus length dorsally 1.8 × as long as its maximum width; third antennal segments 1.1 × as long fourth segment; in dorsal view, temple roundly narrowed behind eye; head width 1.3 × its median length; median length of head 3.0 × as long as temple; height of eye 1.9 × temple (Fig. 2); in lateral view, transverse diameter of eye 1.4 × length of temple (13 : 9); eye length 1.4 × its width (18 : 13) (Fig. 3); ocelli small, basal side of ocellar triangle 1.5 × lateral sides; POL 1.5 × OD and 0.5 × OOL (Fig. 2); in frontal view, eye 2.1 × as high as broad; malar space height 0.5 × height of eye, and 1.3 × basal width of mandible; face width 1.3 × height of eye, and 1.8 × height of face and clypeus combined (Fig. 4); hypoclypeal depression width 1.3 × as long distance from edge of depression to eye, 4.0 × as wide as face, and 1.6 × as wide as basal width of mandible; distance between tentorial pits 1.5 × as long as long distance from pit to eye; occipital carina complete medio-dorsally, obliterated below and not fused with hypostomal carina above base of mandible (Fig. 3); length of maxillary palp 1.45 × height of head (without mandible); frons almost flat, finely granulate; vertex and temple finely granulate; face setose, granulate (Fig. 4).

Figure 1. 

Rhaconotus directus Long, sp. nov., female, holotype (habitus, lateral view).

Figures 2–12. 

Rhaconotus directus Long, sp. nov., female, holotype 2 head, dorsal view 3 head, lateral view 4 head, frontal view 5 mesopleuron 6 mesonotum, dorsal view 7 hind coxa and femur 8 metasomal tergites 1–3, dorsal view 9 metasomal tergites 5–6 10 fore wing 11 hind wing 12 propodeum.

Mesosoma. Distance from pronotal carina to mesonotum equal to distance from carina to anterior margin of pronotum; length of mesosoma 2.9 × its height (Fig. 5); in lateral view, metanotum with long pointed tooth (Fig. 5a); pronotal trough crenulate anteriorly, with transverse striae posteriorly; precoxal sulcus long, narrow, crenulate (Fig. 5); mesopleuron and metapleuron finely granulate; mesoscutum finely granulate; notauli shallow, sparsely crenulate anteriorly, widened posteriorly with crenulate depression (Fig. 6); scutellar depression 0.4 × as long as scutellum; scutellum finely granulate (Fig. 6); propodeum with lateral carinae, median carina in basal 0.3 of propodeum (Fig. 12); propodeum almost finely granulate; apex of propodeum with 2–3 transverse rugosities (Fig. 12).

Wings. Fore wing 4.35 × as long as its maximum width; pterostigma 4.5 × as long as wide; vein r arising from middle of pterostigma; vein 1-R1 1.2 × as long as pterostigma; vein 3-SR 5.0 × vein r, and 0.5 × vein SR1, and 1.4 × vein 2-SR; vein m-cu postfurcal; second submarginal cell of fore wing parallel-sided, basal length 2.9 × as long as its maximum width (Fig. 10), and 0.9 × as long as subdiscal cell; subdiscal cell roundly closed on level of vein m-cu; vein 1-CU1 very short, nearly quadrate; vein cu-a almost interstitial (Fig. 10); hind wing 5.0 × as long as its maximum width; vein M+CU 0.3 × vein 1-M ; vein 1-M 6.3 × vein 1r-m (Fig. 11).

Legs. Fore tarsus 1.2 × as long as fore tibia; inner side of fore tibia with four spines; hind coxa with baso-ventral tooth (Fig. 7), finely and densely granulate; hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.3, 7.7, and 6.7 × their maximum width, respectively; dorsal side of hind femur with short sparse semi-erected setae (Fig. 7), length of seta about 0.5 × as long as maximum width of femur; outer side of hind tibia with sparse semi-erected setae, length of seta as long as maximum width of hind tibia; inner hind tibial spur 0.2 × as long as hind basitarsus; hind tarsus 0.9 × as long as hind tibia; basitarsus 0.7 × as long as second-fifth tarsal segments combined (20:33); second tarsal segment 0.5 × as long as basitarsus (10 : 20), and 2.0 × as long as fifth tarsal segment (without pretarsus); fourth tarsal segment 0.6 × fifth tarsal segment.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.4 × as long as head and mesosoma combined; first tergite gradually widened from base to apex; maximum width of first tergite 1.4 × its minimum width (Fig. 8); length of first metasomal tergite 2.4 × apical width, and 1.45 × length of propodeum; second suture indistinct because of straight longitudinal striae; second tergite with lenticular apical area weakly delineated with wide shallow furrows (Fig. 8); second tergite with apical area 2.45 × as long as length of third tergite (Fig. 8); first metasomal tergite with dorsal carinae, granulate basally, longitudinally striate apically (Fig. 8); second-third tergites coarsely longitudinally striate; fourth-fifth tergites largely longitudinally striate basally, finely striate apically; sixth tergite with semi-circular striae in its apical half (Fig. 9).

Colour. Body black; head dark brown; antenna brownish yellow, palpi brown, except apical segment of maxillary palp pale yellow; fore and middle legs brownish yellow, except tarsus yellow, hind coxa dark brown; hind femur and tibia brown; hind tarsus yellow; tegula brown; wing veins yellowish brown; pterostigma brown, cream white basally (Fig. 10).

Unknown.

Unknown.

From directus (Latin for “set straight”, “arrange in a straight line”), because of the interstitial vein cu-a of fore wing.

Holotype, female, “Doryc.080” (IEBR), NE Vietnam: Vinh Phuc, Me Linh, Tam Dao foothill, forest, 13.v.2002, KD Long.

Occipital carina finely complete medio-dorsally, not fused with hypostomal carina above base of mandible (Fig. 16); frons almost flat, with transverse fine striae (Fig. 14); vertex and temple shiny, smooth; distance from pronotal carina to mesonotum equal to distance from carina to anterior margin of pronotum; in lateral view, metanotum with short pointed tooth; precoxal sulcus narrow, almost smooth (Fig. 18); mesopleuron and metapleuron finely granulate; notauli shallow, sparsely crenulate anteriorly, widened posteriorly, with median more or less shallow depression (Fig. 17); propodeum with median carina in basal 0.6 (Fig. 21); pterostigma 3.3 × as long as wide; fore wing vein 3-SR 3.0 × vein r; vein 1-CU1 0.05 × vein 2-CU1; basal length of second submarginal cell 2.9 × its maximum width and 0.9 × subdiscal cell (Fig. 23); vein 1-M of hind wing 4.2 × vein 1r-m (Fig. 24); inner side of fore tibia with six spines; hind coxa finely and densely granulate; hind tibia 11.1 × its maximum width; first metasomal tergite 2.7 × its apical width, granulo-coriaceous; second tergite with lenticular apical area delineated with furrows (Fig. 19); second-third tergites coarsely longitudinally striate, but finely striate apically; fourth tergite largely striate basally contrast to fine striate apex; fifth tergite striate medially, granulo-punctate apically; sixth tergite fine basally, finely rugose medially, with fine semi-circular striae at apex (Fig. 22).

Female, body length 7.6 mm; fore wing length 5.7 mm; ovipositor sheath 3.9 mm (Fig. 13).

Head. Antenna incomplete, with 54 segments remaining; scapus length dorsally 1.5 × as long as its maximum width; third antennal segment 1.1 × as long fourth segment; in dorsal view, temple roundly narrowed behind eye; median length of head 2.7 × as long as temple; height of eye 1.6 × as long as temple (Fig. 14); in lateral view, transverse diameter of eye 1.5 × length of temple; eye 1.2 × longer than its width (Fig. 16); ocelli small, basal side of ocellar triangle 1.5 × lateral sides; POL 1.5 × OD, and 0.4 × OOL (Fig. 14); in frontal view, eye twice as high as broad; malar space 0.5 × height of eye, and 1.25 × as long as basal width of mandible; face width 1.1 × height of eye, and 1.4 × height of face and clypeus combined (Fig. 15); hypoclypeal depression as long as distance from edge of depression to eye, 0.5 × as wide as face, and 1.5 × as wide as basal width of mandible; distance between tentorial pits 1.6 × as long as long distance from pit to eye; occipital carina finely complete medio-dorsally, not fused below with hypostomal carina above base of mandible (Fig. 16); head below eyes roundly narrowed below eyes (Fig. 14); length of maxillary palp 1.4 × height of head (without mandible); frons almost flat, with transverse fine striae anteriorly, smooth posteriorly; vertex and temple shiny smooth; face setose, finely punctate (Fig. 15).

Mesosoma. Distance from pronotal carina to mesonotum equal to distance from carina to anterior margin of pronotum; mesoscutum more or less depressed posteriorly; length of mesosoma 2.6 × its height (Fig. 18); in lateral view, metanotum with short pointed tooth; pronotal side deep, almost smooth; mesoscutum granulo-coriaceous; notauli narrow, punctate (Fig. 17); scutellar depression 0.4 × as long as scutellum, with one median carina (Fig. 17); scutellum finely granulate; precoxal sulcus narrow, smooth (Fig. 18); mesopleuron almost smooth; subalar depression wide, deep, with sparse crenulae (Fig. 18); propodeum with carina in its basal 0.6 (Fig. 21).

Wings. Fore wing 4.7 × as long as its maximum width; pterostigma 3.3 × as long as wide; vein r arising behind middle of pterostigma (distance from apex of pterostigma to vein r 0.8 × distance from vein r to base of pterostigma); vein 1-R1 1.1 × as long as pterostigma (Fig. 23); vein 3-SR 3.0 × vein r, 0.2 × vein SR1, and 1.5 × vein 2-SR; vein m-cu distinctly postfurcal; basal length of second submarginal cell of fore wing 4.7 × as long as its maximum width (42 : 9), and 0.9 × as long as subdiscal cell; subdiscal cell roundly closed on level of vein m-cu; vein 1-CU1 0.7 × vein cu-a, and 0.05 × vein 2-CU1 (Fig. 23); hind wing 6.1 × as long as wide; vein M+CU 0.2 × vein 1-M; vein 1-M 4.2 × vein 1r-m (Fig. 24).

Figure 13. 

Rhaconotus laevigatus Long, sp. nov., female, holotype (habitus, lateral view).

Figures 14–24. 

Rhaconotus laevigatus Long, sp. nov., female, holotype 14 head, dorsal view 15 head, frontal view 16 head, lateral view 17 mesonotum, dorsal view 18 mesopleuron 19 metasomal tergites 1–4, dorsal view 20 hind coxa and femur 21 propodeum 22 metasomal tergites 5–6, dorsal view 23 fore wing 24 hind wing.

Legs. Fore tarsus 1.4 × as long as fore tibia; inner side of fore tibia with six spines; outside of fore tibia with long erected setae, length of seta twice as long width of fore tibia; hind coxa with baso-ventral tooth; hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 5.6, 11.1 and 8.0 × their maximum width, respectively; dorsal side of hind femur with long semi-erected setae, length of seta 1.6 × as long as maximum width of hind tibia (Fig. 20); outside of hind tibia with long erected setae, length of seta twice as long as maximum width of hind tibia; inner hind tibial spur 0.3 × as long as hind basitarsus; hind tarsus 1.2 × as long as hind tibia; basitarsus 0.8 × as long as second-fifth tarsal segments combined; second tarsus 0.4 × as long as basitarsus, and 1.4 × as long as fifth tarsus (without pretarsus); fourth tarsus 0.6 × fifth tarsus; hind coxa with sparse setae, finely granulate.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.5 × as long as head and mesosoma combined; maximum width of first tergite 1.5 × its minimum width; length of first metasomal tergite 2.7 × apical width, and 1.7 × length of propodeum; second tergite with lenticular apical area separated with distinct wide crenulate furrow (Fig. 19); length of separated area 0.75 × length of second tergite, and 0.9 × third tergite; length of second tergite 0.6 × as long as its basal width, and 1.2 × length of third tergite; first metasomal tergite with long straightly erected setae laterally, with two almost parallel dorsal carina running from base to apex (Fig. 19); first tergite almost granulo-coriaceous; second tergite coarsely striate; third-fourth tergites largely striate basally, finely striate apically (Fig. 19); fifth tergite striate basally, granulo-punctate apically; sixth tergite setose, finely striate basally, finely rugose medially, with fine semi-circular striae apically (Fig. 22);

Colour. Black, antenna brown; palpi brown; all legs dark brown to black, expect tarsus yellowish brown; tegula brown; wing veins brown; pterostigma brown, cream white basally, surrounding vein r beneath pterostigma smoky brown (Fig. 23); ovipositor sheath brown.

Unknown.

Unknown.

From laevis (Latin for smooth, polished), because of vertex, temple and mesopleuron shiny smooth.

Holotype, male, “Doryc.722” (IEBR), NW Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Mai Chau, Tan Son, orchard, MT, 20°43'10.3"N 104°59'47.0"E, 950m, 1-5.v.2010, KD Long.

Antenna with 46 segments (male); occipital carina finely complete medio-dorsally, fading below distal to hypostomal carina above base of mandible (Fig. 27); frons slightly depressed, with sparse fine striae (Fig. 26); vertex and temple shiny, smooth; distance from pronotal carina to mesonotum equal to distance from carina to anterior margin of pronotum; in lateral view, metanotum with short pointed tooth; precoxal sulcus narrow, straight, crenulate (Fig. 30); mesopleuron and metapleuron finely granulate; notauli shallow, sparsely crenulate anteriorly, slightly widened posteriorly, with two longitudinal convergent carinae running close to scutellar sulcus (Fig. 29); propodeum with baso-lateral areas emarginated by carina (Fig. 32); median carina in basal 0.5; pterostigma 4.4 × as long as wide; fore wing vein 3-SR 2.7 × vein r; vein 1-CU1 0.12 × vein 2-CU1 (Fig. 35); second submarginal cell slightly widened apically, basal length 3.1 × its maximum width and 1.6 × subdiscal cell; vein 1-M of hind wing 4.25 × vein 1r-m (Fig. 36); inner side of fore tibia with six spines; hind coxa finely granulate; hind tibia robust, 8.5 × its maximum width; first metasomal tergite nearly parallel-sided, 2.5 × its apical width (Fig. 33), finely granulate basally, longitudinally striate apically; second-fifth tergites longitudinally striate; sixth tergite rugo-striate basally, almost smooth apically (Fig. 31).

Male, body length 5.9 mm; fore wing length 3.7 mm (Fig. 25).

Head. Antenna with 46 segments; scapus dorsally 1.3 × longer than its maximum width; third antennal segment 1.1 × as long fourth segment; in dorsal view; temple roundly behind eye; head width 1.3 × its median length (Fig. 26); median length of head 1.8 × as long as temple; height of eye 1.3 × temple; in lateral view, transverse diameter of eye 1.2 × length of temple; eye 1.4 × longer than its width (Fig. 27); ocelli small, basal side of ocellar triangle 1.5 × lateral sides; POL 1.5 × as long as OD, and 0.6 × OOL (Fig. 26); in frontal view, eye 2.3 × as high as broad; malar space 0.4 × height of eye, 1.3 × as long as basal width of mandible (Fig. 28); face width 1.1 × height of eye, and 1.3 × height of face and clypeus combined; width of hypoclypeal depression 0.8 × as long distance from edge of depression to eye, 0.4 × as wide as face, and 1.2 × as wide as basal width of mandible; distance between tentorial pits 1.1 × as long as long distance from pit to eye; occipital carina complete, fading below distal to hypostomal carina above base of mandible (Fig. 27); head with long sparse setae, roundly narrowed below eyes (Fig. 26); length of maxillary palp 1.4 × height of head (without mandible); frons slightly depressed medially, with sparse fine striae; vertex and shiny, smooth (Fig. 26); face rugo-coriaceous; clypeus rugose (Fig. 28).

Mesosoma. Mesosoma depressed, its dorsal side almost flat; length 2.1 × its height (Fig. 30); pronotum with median transverse carina; notauli narrow, sparsely crenulate anteriorly, slightly widened posteriorly with two longitudinal convergent carinae running close to scutellar sulcus (Fig. 29); pronotal side almost flat, coriaceous medially, coarsely rugose posteriorly, finely granulate ventrally; precoxal sulcus long, narrow, crenulate; subalar depression largely crenulate; mesopleuron finely granulate (Fig. 30); mesoscutum and scutellum finely granulate; propodeum with baso-lateral areas emarginated by carinae (Fig. 32); median carina in basal 0.5 of propodeum; baso-lateral area finely granulate; propodeal areola rugose.

Wings. Fore wing 4.1 × as long as its maximum width; pterostigma 4.4 × as long as wide; vein r arising behind middle of pterostigma (distance from apex of pterostigma to vein r 0.7 × distance from vein r to base of pterostigma); vein 1-R1 1.2 × as long as pterostigma; vein 3-SR 2.7 × vein r, and 0.6 × vein SR1, and 1.3 × vein 2-SR; vein m-cu distinctly postfurcal; second submarginal cell of fore wing slightly widened apically (Fig. 35), basal length 3.1 × as long as its maximum width, and 1.6 × as long as subdiscal cell; subdiscal cell roundly closed on level of vein m-cu; vein 1-CU1 equal to vein cu-a, and 0.12 × vein 2-CU1 (Fig. 35); hind wing 6.7 × as long as wide; vein M+CU 0.3 × vein 1-M; vein 1-M 4.25 × vein 1r-m (Fig. 36).

Legs. Fore tarsus 1.5 × as long as fore tibia; inner side of fore tibia with six spines; hind coxa with baso-ventral tooth, finely granulate; hind femur robust (Fig. 34), length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 2.5, 8.5 and 10.5 × their maximum width, respectively; outer side of hind tibia with long semi-erected setae, length of seta 1.5 × maximum width of tibia (Fig. 34); inner hind tibial spur 0.3 × as long as hind basitarsus; hind tarsus 0.9 × as long as hind tibia; basitarsus 0.8 × as long as second-fifth tarsal segments combined; second tarsus 0.4 × as long as basitarsus, and 1.1 × as long as fifth tarsus (without pretarsus); fourth tarsus 0.6 × fifth tarsus.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.3 × as long as head and mesosoma combined; first metasomal tergite nearly parallel-sided (Fig. 33); length of first metasomal tergite 2.5 × apical width, and 1.4 × length of propodeum; second metasomal tergite with narrow lenticular apical area separated with shallow crenulate furrow, length of lenticular apical area 0.3 × length of second tergite (Fig. 31); length of second tergite 0.9 × as long as its basal width, and 0.7 × length of third tergite; first metasomal tergite with two dorsal carinae in basal 0.5 of tergite; finely granulate basally, longitudinally striate apically (Fig. 33); second-fifth tergites longitudinally striate; sixth tergite sparsely setose, rugo-striate basally, almost smooth apically (Fig. 31).

Colour. Body black, antenna yellow, but brown apically; scapus brownish yellow; head black with yellow semi-circular stripe around eye dorso-laterally (Fig. 27); palpi brown, except apical segment of labial palp and two apical segments of maxillary palp yellow; fore and middle legs yellow; hind coxa and femur yellowish brown; hind tibia and tarsus yellow; tegula brownish yellow; wing veins pale brown; pterostigma pale brown, cream white basally (Fig. 35); wing membrane hyaline with smoky spots medially.

Figure 25. 

Rhaconotus robustus Long, sp. nov., male, holotype (habitus, lateral view).

Figures 26–36. 

Rhaconotus robustus Long, sp. nov., male, holotype 26 head, dorsal view 27 head, lateral view 28 head, frontal view 29 mesonotum, dorsal view 30 mesopleuron 31 tergites 2–6, dorsal view 32 propodeum 33 first metasomal tergite 34 hind femur and tibia 35 fore wing 36 hind wing.

Unknown.

Unknown.

From robustus (Latin for strong), because of the robust hind femur.

Holotype, female, “Doryc.791” (IEBR), NW Vietnam: Son La, orchard, MT, 21°18'03.6"N 103°55'38.3"E, 671 m, 15–25.vi.2016, KD Long.

Occipital carina finely complete medio-dorsally, fused with hypostomal carina above base of mandible (Fig. 40); frons slightly depressed medially, rugose anteriorly, finely granulate posteriorly; vertex and temple smooth; distance from pronotal carina to mesonotum equal to distance from carina to anterior margin of pronotum; in lateral view, metanotum with short pointed tooth; precoxal sulcus long, sinuate, crenulate (Fig. 42); mesopleuron finely granulate; notauli narrow, widened anteriorly, crenulate with two posterior convergent carinae running close to scutellar sulcus (Fig. 41); propodeum with median carina in basal 0.5; pterostigma 5.7 × as long as wide; fore wing vein 3-SR 3.4 × vein r; vein 1-CU1 0.08 × vein 2-CU1 (Fig. 46); basal length of second submarginal cell 3.8 × its maximum width and as long as subdiscal cell; vein 1-M of hind wing 4.4 × vein 1r-m (Fig. 47); inner side of fore tibia with five spines; hind coxa finely granulate; hind tibia 8.3 × its maximum width; first metasomal tergite 2.2 × its apical width (Fig. 43), longitudinally striate in apical 0.7; furrow between second and third tergites wide, crenulate; third tergite largely striate basally, densely and finely striate apically; fourth-fifth tergites longitudinally striate; sixth tergite striate basally, with fine semi-circular striae at apex (Fig. 45).

Female, body length 6.6 mm; fore wing length 5.0 mm; ovipositor sheath 2.4 mm (Fig. 37).

Head. Antenna incomplete, with 30 segments remaining; scapus length dorsally 1.7 × its maximum width; third antennal segment 1.3 × as long fourth segment; in dorsal view, temple roundly narrowed behind eye; head width 1.3 × its median length (Fig. 38); median length of head 3.2 × as long as temple; height of eye 1.09 × temple; in lateral view, eye 1.3 × longer than width; transverse diameter of eye 1.6 × length of temple (Fig. 40); ocelli small, basal side of ocellar triangle 1.5 × lateral sides; POL as long as OD, and 0.5 times OOL; in frontal view, eye 2.1 × as high as broad (Fig. 39); malar space height 0.5 × height of eye, and as long as basal width of mandible; face width 1.2 × height of eye, and 1.3 × height of face and clypeus combined (Fig. 39); hypoclypeal depression width 0.6 × as long distance from edge of depression to eye, 0.4 × as wide as face; and 1.2 × as wide as basal width of mandible; distance between tentorial pits as long as long distance from pit to eye; occipital carina complete medio-dorsally, fused bellow with hypostomal carina distal to base of mandible (Fig. 40); maxillary palp 1.3 × height of head (without mandible); frons slightly depressed medially, rugose anteriorly, granulo-coriaceous posteriorly; vertex between lateral ocellus and eye margin finely granulate, vertex between lateral ocellus and eye margin finely granulate; vertex below posterior ocelli, temple smooth; face latero-ventrally and malar space coriaceous; clypeus rugose.

Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 2.4 × its height (Fig. 42); in lateral view, metanotum with short pointed tooth; notauli narrow, widened anteriorly, crenulate with two posterior convergent carinae running close to scutellar sulcus (Fig. 41); scutellar sulcus with three carinae, 0.4 × as long as scutellum (Fig. 41); scutellum mesoscutum and scutellum finely granulate; pronotal side depressed medially, sparsely crenulate medially and anteriorly, coarsely rugose posteriorly, granulate ventrally; precoxal sulcus long, sinuate, crenulate (Fig. 42); mesopleuron finely granulate; subalar depression largely crenulate; propodeum with baso-lateral areas emarginated by carinae (Fig. 44); median carina in basal 0.5 of propodeum; baso-lateral areas finely granulate; propodeum coarsely rugose apically.

Wings. Fore wing 4.2 × as long as its maximum width; pterostigma 5.7 × as long as wide; vein r arising from middle of pterostigma; vein 1-R1 1.4 × as long as pterostigma; vein 3-SR 3.4 × vein r, 0.45 × vein SR1, and 2.0 × vein 2-SR; vein m-cu distinctly postfurcal; second submarginal cell parallel-sided, basal length 3.8 × as long as its maximum width, and as long as subdiscal cell (Fig. 46); subdiscal cell roundly closed on level of vein m-cu; vein 1-CU1 0.08 × vein 2-CU1, and 0.75 × vein cu-a; hind wing 7.0 × as long as wide; vein M+CU 0.3 × vein 1-M; vein 1-M 4.4 × vein 1r-m (Fig. 47).

Legs. Fore tarsus 1.6 × as long as fore tibia; inner side of fore tibia with five spines; hind coxa with baso-ventral tooth; hind coxa finely granulate; hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 3.0, 8.3 and 5.75 × their maximum width, respectively (Figs 48, 49); hind femur finely granulate; hind tibia with long semi-erected setae, length of seta as long as maximum width of tibia (Fig. 49); inner hind tibial spur 0.3 × as long as hind basitarsus; hind tarsus 0.8 × as long as hind tibia; basitarsus 0.7 × as long as second-fifth tarsal segments combined; second tarsus 0.4 × basitarsus, and as long as fifth tarsus (without pretarsus); fourth tarsus 0.2 × fifth tarsus.

Metasoma. Metasoma 1.25 × as long as head and mesosoma combined; first metasomal tergite distinctly widened at apex, with two dorsal carinae in whole length of tergite (Fig. 43); maximum width of first tergite 1.2 × its minimum width; length of first metasomal tergite 2.2 × apical width (Fig. 43), and 1.4 × length of propodeum; second tergite with more or less distinct lenticular apical area separated by furrows (Fig. 43); length of second tergite 0.44 × as long as its basal width, and 0.5 × length of third tergite; first metasomal tergite longitudinally striate in apical 0.7 of tergite (Fig. 43); furrow between second and third tergites wide, crenulate; third tergite largely striate basally, densely and finely striate apically; fourth-fifth tergites longitudinally striate (Fig. 43); sixth tergite striate basally, with fine semi-circular striae apically (Fig. 45);

Colour. Body black; antenna pale brown; palpi brown, except apical segment of maxillary palp pale yellow; fore coxa brownish yellow, fore femur and tibia yellowish brown; fore tarsus yellow; middle coxa yellowish brown; middle femur and tibia brown; middle tarsus yellow; hind leg brown, except tarsus brownish yellow; tegula brown; wing veins brown; pterostigma brown, cream white basally (Fig. 46); wing membrane yellow with brown clouds medially; ovipositor sheath brown.

Unknown.

Unknown.

From simulo (Latin for imitate, copy), because this new species is similar to R. thayi Belokobylskij.

R. simulatus, sp. nov. is similar to R. thayi Belokobylskij, 2001, from China and Vietnam, but the new species differs from the later by having: a. Occipital carina fused bellow with hypostomal carina distal to base of mandible (Fig. 40; not fused in R. thayi); b. Vein 1-R1 of fore wing 1.4 × as long as pterostigma (1.1 × in R. thayi), and vein 3-SR 3.4 × vein r (4.0–4.8 × in R. thayi); c. First metasomal tergite with dorsal carinae in whole length of tergite (in basal third in R. thayi) and d. Precoxal sulcus sinuate, crenulate (straight and smooth medially in R. thayi).

Figures 37. 

Rhaconotus simulatus Long, sp. nov., female, holotype (habitus, dorsal view).

Figures 38–49. 

Rhaconotus simulatus Long, sp. nov., female, holotype 38 head, dorsal view 39 head, frontal view 40 head, lateral view 41 mesonotum, dorsal view 42 mesopleuron 43 metasomal tergites 1–3, dorsal view 44 propodeum 45 metasomal tergites 5–6, dorsal view 46 fore wing 47 hind wing 48 hind femur 49 hind tibia.