Research Article |
Corresponding author: Hu Li ( lihu@snut.edu.cn ) Academic editor: James Zahniser
© 2019 Hu Li, Juan Li, Ren-Huai Dai.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Li H, Li J, Dai R-H (2019) Review of the leafhopper subgenus Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Eurymelinae, Macropsini) with description of two new species from China. ZooKeys 855: 71-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33591
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The leafhopper subgenus Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) Anufriev, 1967 is reviewed and the type species is fixed as Bythoscopus kogotensis Matsumura, 1912. Six valid species of the subgenus are recognized including two new species described and illustrated here, Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) rectus Li, Li & Dai, sp. nov. and P. (S.) triangulus Li, Li & Dai, sp. nov. from Sichuan Province of Southwestern China. Additionally P. (S.) heterodigitatus Dai & Zhang, 2009 is proposed as a junior synonym of P. (S.) aomians (Kuoh, 1981) based on examination of many specimens. A key to species of the subgenus is also provided for identification.
Auchenorrhyncha, morphology, new type, taxonomy
The leafhopper genus Pediopsoides belonging to the subfamily Eurymelinae, tribe Macropsini (
In our marcopsine collection from Sichuan Province of China, two new species of Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) are recognized, and their illustrated descriptions are provided in the present paper. Based on the examination of the specimens, the subgenus Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) is simultaneously reviewed and a key is given for identification. It is revealed that P. (S.) heterodigitatus Dai & Zhang, 2009 is a junior synonym of P. (S.) aomians. To date, six species of the subgenus Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) are known, five of which occur in China.
Adult specimens collected by sweep net were used for examination, description, illustration and imaging. The habitus images of adults were obtained with an Olympus SZX7 microscope mounted with a Canon EOS 550D camera.
The morphological terminologies and the higher classification system follow
The type materials of the new species are deposited in the Museum of Zoology and Botany, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China (SUHC). Other examined specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC).
Pediopsoides Matsumura, 1912: 305
Pediopsoides formosanus Matsumura, 1912
Oncopsis (Sispocnis) Anufriev, 1967: 174
Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) Hamilton, 1980: 897
Bythoscopus kogotensis Matsumura, 1912, new designation.
The type species is fixed here under Article 70.3 of the ICZN as Bythoscopus kogotensis Matsumura, 1912, misidentified as Bythoscopus juglans Matsumura, 1912 in the original designation of Sispocnis by
Palaearctic and Oriental Regions.
Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) is well known by the following features: face including eyes is clearly wider than long; the stripes on pronotum are usually transverse and weakly obscure, forewing has anteapical cells of variable number (2 or 3), male pygofer ventral processes generally bifid to multifid and twisted inward; and the dorsal connective usually carries a strongly developed process from its inner ventral margin.
Sispocnis was originally established as a subgenus under the genus Oncopsis by
Herein, it is necessary to clarify the type species for the subgenus. Following the provisions of Article 70.3.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999), the type species is fixed here as Bythoscopus kogotensis Matsumura, 1912, misidentified as Bythoscopus juglans Matsumura, 1912 in the original designation by
Oncopsis aomians Kuoh, 1981: 201
Digitalis striolatus
Liu & Zhang, 2002: 175 (synonym by
Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) aomians, Dai & Zhang 2009: 28
Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) heterodigitatus Dai & Zhang, 2009: 31. syn. n.
GUGC: 1 ♂, CHINA: Shaanxi Province, Mei County, Taibaishan National Natural Reserve, 17.vii.2012, collected by Fan Zhi-Hua; 1 ♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Kangding County, 31.vii.2012, collected by Fan Zhi-Hua; 2 ♀♀, CHINA: Yunnan Province, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Shangri-la, 08.viii.2012, collected by Fan Zhi-Hua; 1 ♂, CHINA: Qinghai Province, Tu Autonomous County of Huzhu, Beishan Forest Farm, 2685 m, 17.viii.2008, collected by Song Qiong-Zhang; 2 ♂♂, CHINA: Qinghai Province, Datong Hui & Tu Autonomous County, Black Spring Reservoir, 3000 m, 09.vii.2007, collected by Chen Xiang-Sheng; 1 ♂ 7 ♀♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Ngawa, Songpan County, Huanglong Temple, 22.viii.1994, collected by Du Yu-Zhou; 5 ♀♀, CHINA: Yunnan Province, Nujiang of the Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Lushui City, PianMa Town, 17.viii.2001, collected by Yang Mao-Fa; 2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, CHINA: Shanxi Province, Xinzhou City, Ningwu County, Luyashan National Natural Reserve, 18.viii.2011, collected by Li Hu, Fan Zhi-Hua & Yu Xiao-Fei. SUHC: 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Luding County, Moxi Town, Hailuogou, 3600 m above sea level, 12.viii.2015, collected by Zhan Hong-Ping; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Daocheng County, Sangdui Town, 4100 m above sea level, 15.viii.2015, collected by Zhan Hong-Ping; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Luding County, Minya Konka, Yajiageng, 3800 m above sea level, 13.viii.2015, collected by Zhan Hong-Ping; 1 ♂, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Luding County, Xindianzi, 2845 m above sea level, 13.viii.2015, collected by Zhan Hong-Ping.
Body color (Figs
Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) aomians (Kuoh) 1, 2 male habitus, dorsal view 3, 4 male habitus, lateral view 5, 6 face 7 male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view 8–13 pygofer ventral processes (from several specimens), ventrocaudal view 14 dorsal connective, lateral view 15–20 process of dorsal connective from inner ventral margin, lateral view 21 aedeagus, lateral view 22–26 apex of aedeagus, ventral view.
Body appearance (Figs
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Figs
China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Qinghai, Shanxi, Gansu and Yunnan).
After examination of many specimens, the morphological diversity of P. (S.) aomians in body color and male genital structures is now better understood. Pediopsoides (S.) aomians can be distinguished from other members of Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) largely by the multifid (2–4) figure-like or spine-like process on distal caudoventral margin of male pygofer, the bifurcate process from inner ventral margin of the dorsal connective, and the unique structure of the aedeagus. The original description of P. (S.) heterodigitatus was based on only one male from Yunnan Province of China and the shape of male genitalia according to the description of that species falls well within the variation of P. (S.) aomians as interpreted here. It is proposed herein as a junior synonym of P. (S.) aomians.
Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) dilatus Dai & Zhang, 2009: 31
2 ♂♂, CHINA: Qinghai Province, Datong Hui & Tu Autonomous County, Black Spring Reservoir, 3000 m, 09.vii.2007, collected by Chen Xiang-Sheng; 1 ♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Kangding County, Scenic Spot of Kangding Love Song (= Mugecuo), 3600–3800 m, 30.viii.2008, collected by Yang Mao-Fa; 14 ♀♀, CHINA: Guizhou Province, Zunyi City, Suiyang County, Kuankuoshui National Natural Reserve, Chachang/Shuiku, 03-09.vi.2010, collected by Li Hu, Dai Ren-Huai & Xing Ji-Chun; 2 ♀♀, CHINA: Guizhou Province, Qiandongnan Miao & Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Leishan County, Leigongshan National Natural Reserve, 05.vii.2011, collected by Zheng Wei-Bin; 1 ♀, CHINA: Shandong Province, Qingdao City, Laoshan Mountain, 17.viii.2011, collected by Chang Zhi-Min.
China (Sichuan, Qinghai, Guizhou, Shandong and Xizang).
This species can be easily recognized by the teeth on the caudoventral margin of the male pygofer, the aedeagal shaft broadened gradually from the base to the end, the lateral triangular expansions on shaft apex, and the dorsal connective with the process from the inner ventral margin weakly sclerotized, slender, short and unbranched.
Bythoscopus kogotensis Matsumura, 1912: 305
Oncopsis juglans, Ishihara 1953: 21, misidentified (nec
Oncopsis (Sispocnis) juglans,
Oncopsis (Sispocnis) kurentsovi
Anufriev, 1977: 12 (synonym by
Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) juglans
28 ♂♂ 29 ♀♀, CHINA: Shanxi Province, Lishan National Natural Reserve, 23–26.vii.2012, collected by Song Qiong-Zhang, Zhang Pei & Xing Dong-Liang; 1 ♀, CHINA: Shanxi Province, Xinzhou City, Ningwu County, Luyashan National Natural Reserve, 19.viii.2011, collected by Yu Xiao-Fei; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Ya’an City, Tianquan County, Erlang Mountain, Labahe, 25.vii.2012, collected by Fan Zhi-Hua & Li Hu; 2 ♀♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Ya’an City, Fengtongzhai National Natural Reserve, 1500 m, 01.viii.2005, collected by Zhou Zhong-Hui & Xu Fang-Ling; 1 ♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Erlang Mountain, 04.viii.2005, collected by Yang Zai-Hua; 1 ♂, CHINA: Shaanxi Province, Ankang City, Ningshan County, Huoditang, Linchang, 12.vii.2012, collected by Li Hu; 2 ♀♀, CHINA: Shaanxi Province, Mei County, Taibaishan National Natural Reserve, Haopingsi, 12.vii.2012, collected by Xu Shi-Yan; 1 ♀, CHINA: Shaanxi Province, Qingmuchuan National Natural Reserve, 18.viii.2010, collected by Li Hu & Fan Zhi-Hua; 1 ♂, CHINA: Anhui Province, Liuan City, Tiantangzhai National Natural Reserve, 950 m, 01.viii.2013, collected by Li Bin, Jiao Meng & Yu Xiao-Fei; 1 ♀, CHINA: Hubei Province, Shiyan City, Wudang Mountains, 13.vii.2013, collected by Li Hu; 1 ♀, CHINA: Hubei Province, Shennongjia National Natural Reserve, Guanmenshan, 19.vii.2013, collected by Xing Dong-Liang; 1 ♂, CHINA: Hubei Province, Shennongjia National Natural Reserve, Yazikou, 1850 m, 11.viii.1997, collected by Yang Mao-Fa; 1 ♂, CHINA: Hubei Province, Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Houhe National Natural Reserve, 22.vii.2013, collected by Chang Zhi-Min; 1 ♀, CHINA: Guizhou Province, Leigongshan National Natural Reserve, 10.vii.2010, collected by Long Jian-Kun; 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, CHINA: Guizhou Province, Leigongshan National Natural Reserve, Light traping, 04–06.vii.2011, collected by Chang Zhi-Min & Zheng Wei-Bin; 2 ♀♀, CHINA: Jilin Province, Changbaishan National Natural Reserve, 24.vii.2011, collected by Jiao Meng; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, CHINA: Henan Province, Xinxiang City, Huixian City, 800 m, 12.vii.2002, collected by Chen Xiang-Sheng; 2 ♂♂, CHINA: Henan Province, Baiyunshan National Natural Reserve, 14–17.viii.2008, collected by Li Jian-Da; 2 ♀♀, CHINA: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Liupan Mountains, 2050 m, 28–29.vii.2008, collected by Song Qiong-Zhang; 1 ♀, CHINA: Jilin Province, Changbaishan National Natural Reserve, Baihe, 13.viii.1996, collected by Li Zi-Zhong; 1 ♀, CHINA: Liaoning Province, Benxi City, Laotudingzi National Natural Reserve, 19–20.vii.2011, collected by Fan Zhi-Hua; 10 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, CHINA: Hebei Province, Chengde City, Wulingshan National Natural Reserve, 09.viii.2011, collected by Li Hu, Jiao Meng, Fan Zhi-Hua, Yu Xiao-Fei, Liang Wen-Qin & Zhang Xin-Feng.
Widespread in China (Jilin, Liaoning, Zhejiang, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Anhui, Hubei, Guizhou and Sichuan), Korea, southern part of Primorsky Krai of Russia and Japan.
The combined features of the shape of the pygofer articulated lobe and ventral process, the relatively simple dorsal connective, and the structure of the aedeagus separate P. (S.) kogotensis from other species.
HOLOTYPE: ♂, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Luding County, Minya Konka, Yajiageng, 3800 m above sea level, 13.viii.2015, collected by Zhan Hong-Ping. PARATYPE: 1 ♂, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Xiangcheng County, Shagong Town, Dagen, 3500–3900 m above sea level, 15.viii.2015, collected by Zhan Hong-Ping.
The new specific epithet was derived from the Latin words “rectus” indicating that the aedeagal shaft is straight relatively.
Body color. Body background color (Figs
Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) rectus sp. nov. 27 male habitus, dorsal view 28 male habitus, lateral view 29 face 30 male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view 31 pygofer ventral processes, ventrocaudal view 32 dorsal connective, lateral view 33 aedeagus, later view 34 aedeagus, ventral view 35 style, dorsal view 36 connective, lateral view 37 connective, dorsal view.
Body appearance. Head (Fig.
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig.
Body length (including tegmen): 4.8–4.9 mm.
China (Sichuan).
This new species somewhat resembles P. (S.) aomians with both sharing approximate color pattern and external body form more or less, but it can be distinguished from the latter and other known species of Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) by the different structures of the pygofer ventral processes, aedeagus and the dorsal connective.
Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) sharmai Viraktamath, 1981: 308
None.
India.
Based on the original description by
HOLOTYPE: ♂, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Luding County, Minya Konka, Yajiageng, 3800 m above sea level, 13.viii.2015, collected by Zhan Hong-Ping.
The new species name was derived from the Latin words “triangulus” referring to the triangular processes on the lateral margins of the aedeagal shaft.
Body color. Background color (Figs
Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) triangulus sp. nov. 38 male habitus, dorsal view 39 male habitus, lateral view 40 face 41 male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view 42 pygofer ventral processes, ventrocaudal view 43 dorsal connective, lateral view 44 aedeagus, later view 45 aedeagus, ventral view 46 style, dorsal view 47 connective, dorsal view 48 connective, lateral view.
Body appearance. Head (Fig.
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig.
Body length (including tegmen): 4.8 mm.
China (Sichuan).
The new species is similar to P. (S.) aomians in the pattern of body coloration, and somewhat similar to P. (S.) dilatus in male features, but can be distinguished from both by the distal half of the pygofer ventral margin with two small spine-like processes which are sometimes bifid, different shapes of the aedeagus and the dorsal connective.
1 | Pygofer with articulated lobe, and one definite process inturned from ventral margin; dorsal connective relatively small, without process from inner ventral margin; aedeagal shaft with clear lateral expansions subapically | P. (S.) kogotensis |
– | Pygofer lobe without obvious suture on pygofer side, and with more than one processes or teeth on ventral margin; dorsal connective large, with various process from inner ventral margin; aedeagal shaft not as above | 2 |
2 | Pygofer ventral margin with series of teeth on distal half; aedeagal shaft narrowed basally, and gradually broadened to end in ventral view | P. (S.) dilatus |
– | Pygofer ventral margin with bifid or multifid processes on distal half; aedeagal shaft broad basally, or with parallel margins in ventral view | 3 |
3 | Dorsal connective with unbranched process from its inner ventral margin | 4 |
– | Dorsal connective with branched process from its inner ventral margin | 5 |
4 | Aedeagal shaft with small triangular processes subapically on lateral margins, and round apex; dorsal connective without bifid apex | P. (S.) triangulus sp. nov. |
– | Aedeagal shaft without process on lateral margins, but with U-shaped apex; dorsal connective with bifid apex | P. (S.) sharmai |
5 | Pygofer ventral margin with large and figure-like multifid (2–4) processes at distal half; aedeagus stout, and bent dorsally, apex of shaft expanded lateroapically | P. (S.) aomians |
– | Pygofer ventral margin with small and short multifid (more than 5) processes at distal half; aedeagal shaft slender, straight, apex of shaft only expanded apically | P. (S.) rectus sp. nov. |
We thank our colleagues (GUGC) for providing the specimens for the study, and Drs Dmitri Yu. Tishechkin (M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow), James N. Zahniser (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign), Stuart H. McKamey (USDA/ARS, Washington, D.C.) and Xiang-Sheng Chen (GUGC) for detailed comments and improvement to the article. The project was supported by a Young Talent Fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China (no. 20170209).