Pediopsoides formosanus Matsumura, 1912

Bythoscopus kogotensis Matsumura, 1912, new designation.

The type species is fixed here under Article 70.3 of the ICZN as Bythoscopus kogotensis Matsumura, 1912, misidentified as Bythoscopus juglans Matsumura, 1912 in the original designation of Sispocnis by Anufriev (1967).

Palaearctic and Oriental Regions.

Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) is well known by the following features: face including eyes is clearly wider than long; the stripes on pronotum are usually transverse and weakly obscure, forewing has anteapical cells of variable number (2 or 3), male pygofer ventral processes generally bifid to multifid and twisted inward; and the dorsal connective usually carries a strongly developed process from its inner ventral margin.

Sispocnis was originally established as a subgenus under the genus Oncopsis by Anufriev (1967) for Bythoscopus juglans Matsumura, 1912 which was designated as the type species. Hamilton (1980) revised the status of Sispocnis and proposed it as a subgenus within Pediopsoides. Hamilton (1980) also recognized Anufriev’s (1967) identification of B. juglans Matsumura as a misidentification, and provisionally considered Oncopsis (Sispocnis) kurentsovi Anufriev as the type of the subgenus. Based on examination of the type specimens of Matsumura (1912) and Anufriev (1977), Okudera (2014) considered O. (S.) kurentsovi Anufriev as a junior synonym of B. kogotensis Matsumura, and recognized misidentifications of this species as B. juglans by Anufriev (1967) and Anufriev and Emeljanov (1988). Additionally, Okudera (2014) considered B. juglans Matsumura as a junior synonym of Oncopsis nitobei (Matsumura, 1912).

Herein, it is necessary to clarify the type species for the subgenus. Following the provisions of Article 70.3.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999), the type species is fixed here as Bythoscopus kogotensis Matsumura, 1912, misidentified as Bythoscopus juglans Matsumura, 1912 in the original designation by Anufriev (1967). Thus, Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) remains as a valid subgenus.

GUGC: 1 ♂, CHINA: Shaanxi Province, Mei County, Taibaishan National Natural Reserve, 17.vii.2012, collected by Fan Zhi-Hua; 1 ♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Kangding County, 31.vii.2012, collected by Fan Zhi-Hua; 2 ♀♀, CHINA: Yunnan Province, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Shangri-la, 08.viii.2012, collected by Fan Zhi-Hua; 1 ♂, CHINA: Qinghai Province, Tu Autonomous County of Huzhu, Beishan Forest Farm, 2685 m, 17.viii.2008, collected by Song Qiong-Zhang; 2 ♂♂, CHINA: Qinghai Province, Datong Hui & Tu Autonomous County, Black Spring Reservoir, 3000 m, 09.vii.2007, collected by Chen Xiang-Sheng; 1 ♂ 7 ♀♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Ngawa, Songpan County, Huanglong Temple, 22.viii.1994, collected by Du Yu-Zhou; 5 ♀♀, CHINA: Yunnan Province, Nujiang of the Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Lushui City, PianMa Town, 17.viii.2001, collected by Yang Mao-Fa; 2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, CHINA: Shanxi Province, Xinzhou City, Ningwu County, Luyashan National Natural Reserve, 18.viii.2011, collected by Li Hu, Fan Zhi-Hua & Yu Xiao-Fei. SUHC: 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Luding County, Moxi Town, Hailuogou, 3600 m above sea level, 12.viii.2015, collected by Zhan Hong-Ping; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Daocheng County, Sangdui Town, 4100 m above sea level, 15.viii.2015, collected by Zhan Hong-Ping; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Luding County, Minya Konka, Yajiageng, 3800 m above sea level, 13.viii.2015, collected by Zhan Hong-Ping; 1 ♂, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Luding County, Xindianzi, 2845 m above sea level, 13.viii.2015, collected by Zhan Hong-Ping.

Body color (Figs 1–6). Yellow brown to dark brown or black, usually densely marked with darker maculae. Pronotum (Figs 1, 2) generally with 4–6 shallow yellowish or brown spots on posterior margin. Scutellum (Figs 1, 2) with black triangular spots on lateral corners, or evenly black.

Figures 1–26. 

Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) aomians (Kuoh) 1, 2 male habitus, dorsal view 3, 4 male habitus, lateral view 5, 6 face 7 male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view 8–13 pygofer ventral processes (from several specimens), ventrocaudal view 14 dorsal connective, lateral view 15–20 process of dorsal connective from inner ventral margin, lateral view 21 aedeagus, lateral view 22–26 apex of aedeagus, ventral view.

Body appearance (Figs 1–6). Stout and wedge-shaped. Head (Figs 1, 2) with frontal margin sinuated slightly. Face (Figs 5, 6) with stripes and punctures; frons clearly with longitudinal carina in middle, and oblique striations from carina to lateral margins; lower parts of postclypeus tumid. Pronotum (Figs 1, 2) 2.5 times wider than long, scutellum 1.2 times longer than that of pronotum. Forewing (Figs 3, 4) with three anteapical and four apical cells, and occasionally with additional cross-vien(s).

Male genitalia. Pygofer (Figs 7–13) basally broad, ventrocaudal margin with multifid and inturned process usually with 2–4 figure-like or spine-like branches of different size. Dorsal connective (Figs 14–20) strongly developed, S-shaped, with bifurcate various process from inner ventral margin with dorsal branch usually larger, longer and twisted ventrad and ventral branch small, short and dorsally bent. Aedeagus (Figs 21–26) broad basally, shaft margins parallel or slightly sinuate at ventral aspect, apical dorsal margin of shaft elongate to two lobes (Fig. 22) and usually bifid at varying levels (Figs 23–26) with each lobe.

China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Qinghai, Shanxi, Gansu and Yunnan).

After examination of many specimens, the morphological diversity of P. (S.) aomians in body color and male genital structures is now better understood. Pediopsoides (S.) aomians can be distinguished from other members of Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) largely by the multifid (2–4) figure-like or spine-like process on distal caudoventral margin of male pygofer, the bifurcate process from inner ventral margin of the dorsal connective, and the unique structure of the aedeagus. The original description of P. (S.) heterodigitatus was based on only one male from Yunnan Province of China and the shape of male genitalia according to the description of that species falls well within the variation of P. (S.) aomians as interpreted here. It is proposed herein as a junior synonym of P. (S.) aomians.

2 ♂♂, CHINA: Qinghai Province, Datong Hui & Tu Autonomous County, Black Spring Reservoir, 3000 m, 09.vii.2007, collected by Chen Xiang-Sheng; 1 ♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Kangding County, Scenic Spot of Kangding Love Song (= Mugecuo), 3600–3800 m, 30.viii.2008, collected by Yang Mao-Fa; 14 ♀♀, CHINA: Guizhou Province, Zunyi City, Suiyang County, Kuankuoshui National Natural Reserve, Chachang/Shuiku, 03-09.vi.2010, collected by Li Hu, Dai Ren-Huai & Xing Ji-Chun; 2 ♀♀, CHINA: Guizhou Province, Qiandongnan Miao & Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Leishan County, Leigongshan National Natural Reserve, 05.vii.2011, collected by Zheng Wei-Bin; 1 ♀, CHINA: Shandong Province, Qingdao City, Laoshan Mountain, 17.viii.2011, collected by Chang Zhi-Min.

China (Sichuan, Qinghai, Guizhou, Shandong and Xizang).

This species can be easily recognized by the teeth on the caudoventral margin of the male pygofer, the aedeagal shaft broadened gradually from the base to the end, the lateral triangular expansions on shaft apex, and the dorsal connective with the process from the inner ventral margin weakly sclerotized, slender, short and unbranched.

28 ♂♂ 29 ♀♀, CHINA: Shanxi Province, Lishan National Natural Reserve, 23–26.vii.2012, collected by Song Qiong-Zhang, Zhang Pei & Xing Dong-Liang; 1 ♀, CHINA: Shanxi Province, Xinzhou City, Ningwu County, Luyashan National Natural Reserve, 19.viii.2011, collected by Yu Xiao-Fei; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Ya’an City, Tianquan County, Erlang Mountain, Labahe, 25.vii.2012, collected by Fan Zhi-Hua & Li Hu; 2 ♀♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Ya’an City, Fengtongzhai National Natural Reserve, 1500 m, 01.viii.2005, collected by Zhou Zhong-Hui & Xu Fang-Ling; 1 ♀, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Erlang Mountain, 04.viii.2005, collected by Yang Zai-Hua; 1 ♂, CHINA: Shaanxi Province, Ankang City, Ningshan County, Huoditang, Linchang, 12.vii.2012, collected by Li Hu; 2 ♀♀, CHINA: Shaanxi Province, Mei County, Taibaishan National Natural Reserve, Haopingsi, 12.vii.2012, collected by Xu Shi-Yan; 1 ♀, CHINA: Shaanxi Province, Qingmuchuan National Natural Reserve, 18.viii.2010, collected by Li Hu & Fan Zhi-Hua; 1 ♂, CHINA: Anhui Province, Liuan City, Tiantangzhai National Natural Reserve, 950 m, 01.viii.2013, collected by Li Bin, Jiao Meng & Yu Xiao-Fei; 1 ♀, CHINA: Hubei Province, Shiyan City, Wudang Mountains, 13.vii.2013, collected by Li Hu; 1 ♀, CHINA: Hubei Province, Shennongjia National Natural Reserve, Guanmenshan, 19.vii.2013, collected by Xing Dong-Liang; 1 ♂, CHINA: Hubei Province, Shennongjia National Natural Reserve, Yazikou, 1850 m, 11.viii.1997, collected by Yang Mao-Fa; 1 ♂, CHINA: Hubei Province, Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Houhe National Natural Reserve, 22.vii.2013, collected by Chang Zhi-Min; 1 ♀, CHINA: Guizhou Province, Leigongshan National Natural Reserve, 10.vii.2010, collected by Long Jian-Kun; 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, CHINA: Guizhou Province, Leigongshan National Natural Reserve, Light traping, 04–06.vii.2011, collected by Chang Zhi-Min & Zheng Wei-Bin; 2 ♀♀, CHINA: Jilin Province, Changbaishan National Natural Reserve, 24.vii.2011, collected by Jiao Meng; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, CHINA: Henan Province, Xinxiang City, Huixian City, 800 m, 12.vii.2002, collected by Chen Xiang-Sheng; 2 ♂♂, CHINA: Henan Province, Baiyunshan National Natural Reserve, 14–17.viii.2008, collected by Li Jian-Da; 2 ♀♀, CHINA: Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Liupan Mountains, 2050 m, 28–29.vii.2008, collected by Song Qiong-Zhang; 1 ♀, CHINA: Jilin Province, Changbaishan National Natural Reserve, Baihe, 13.viii.1996, collected by Li Zi-Zhong; 1 ♀, CHINA: Liaoning Province, Benxi City, Laotudingzi National Natural Reserve, 19–20.vii.2011, collected by Fan Zhi-Hua; 10 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, CHINA: Hebei Province, Chengde City, Wulingshan National Natural Reserve, 09.viii.2011, collected by Li Hu, Jiao Meng, Fan Zhi-Hua, Yu Xiao-Fei, Liang Wen-Qin & Zhang Xin-Feng.

Widespread in China (Jilin, Liaoning, Zhejiang, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Anhui, Hubei, Guizhou and Sichuan), Korea, southern part of Primorsky Krai of Russia and Japan.

The combined features of the shape of the pygofer articulated lobe and ventral process, the relatively simple dorsal connective, and the structure of the aedeagus separate P. (S.) kogotensis from other species.

HOLOTYPE: ♂, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Luding County, Minya Konka, Yajiageng, 3800 m above sea level, 13.viii.2015, collected by Zhan Hong-Ping. PARATYPE: 1 ♂, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Xiangcheng County, Shagong Town, Dagen, 3500–3900 m above sea level, 15.viii.2015, collected by Zhan Hong-Ping.

The new specific epithet was derived from the Latin words “rectus” indicating that the aedeagal shaft is straight relatively.

Body color. Body background color (Figs 27, 28) chocolate, punctures on surface of head, face, pronotum and scutellum darker brown. Face (Fig. 29) brownish, eyes reddish brown on facial view and pale brown on dorsal view (Fig. 27). Scutellum (Fig. 27) darker brown, both lateral corners with black triangular spots. Forewing (Figs 27, 28) evenly brown except area around outer apical cell, venation darker.

Figures 27–37. 

Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) rectus sp. nov. 27 male habitus, dorsal view 28 male habitus, lateral view 29 face 30 male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view 31 pygofer ventral processes, ventrocaudal view 32 dorsal connective, lateral view 33 aedeagus, later view 34 aedeagus, ventral view 35 style, dorsal view 36 connective, lateral view 37 connective, dorsal view.

Body appearance. Head (Fig. 27) short, and prominent forward, anterior margin slightly depressed near eyes, including eyes as wide as pronotum. Face (Fig. 29) covered distinct punctures; frons with weak carina and oblique striations, central part with two smooth inflated regions without any stripes or maculae; distance between ocelli nearly 4 times of that from ocellus to adjacent eye. Pronotum (Fig. 27) with obvious, intensively transverse striations and punctures, anterior margin round, and prominent frontally, posterior margin depressed in middle, 2.6 times broader than long. Scutellum (Fig. 27) surface granulose, mid-length 1.5 times that of pronotum. Forewing (Figs 27, 28) opaque, with three anteapical cells, veins prominent.

Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 30) broad basally, dorsal margin incised and straight, distal part of ventral and caudal margins carries irregular small spine-like processes, and scattered setae. Subgenital plate (Fig. 30) slender, approximatively 0.65 times ventral margin of pygofer, marginated with setae. Aedeagus (Figs 33, 34) basally broad, dorsal apodeme well developed, shaft slender, and almost straight in lateral view, lateral margins parallel in ventral view, apex of ventral margin strongly expanded, and produced to bifid process which bifurcates again; gonopore apical. Dorsal connective (Fig. 32) in lateral aspect S-shaped, carries large bifurcate process from its inner ventral margin with both branches of equal length. Style (Fig. 35), stem stout and widened gradually to truncate apex, with marginal setae.

Body length (including tegmen): 4.8–4.9 mm.

China (Sichuan).

This new species somewhat resembles P. (S.) aomians with both sharing approximate color pattern and external body form more or less, but it can be distinguished from the latter and other known species of Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) by the different structures of the pygofer ventral processes, aedeagus and the dorsal connective.

None.

India.

Based on the original description by Viraktamath (1981), this species can be separated from other members of the subgenus mostly by the following features: the pygofer ventral margin has two spine-like processes distally, the tapered aedeagal shaft has an excavated distal margin in middle formed into a U-shaped in caudal view, and the dorsal connective has a bifid apex and caudally-directed triangular process from its inner ventral margin.

HOLOTYPE: ♂, CHINA: Sichuan Province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, Luding County, Minya Konka, Yajiageng, 3800 m above sea level, 13.viii.2015, collected by Zhan Hong-Ping.

The new species name was derived from the Latin words “triangulus” referring to the triangular processes on the lateral margins of the aedeagal shaft.

Body color. Background color (Figs 38, 39) yellow brown, punctures on body surface dark brown. Face (Fig. 40) yellowish, eyes dark brown, occasionally with reddish tinge. Pronotum (Fig. 38) with six pale yellowish subtriangular spots on posterior margin. Scutellum (Fig. 38) orange brown, both lateral corners with black triangular spots, and with dark posterior half. Forewing (Figs 38, 39) mainly pigmented by dark brown except transparent parts.

Figures 38–48. 

Pediopsoides (Sispocnis) triangulus sp. nov. 38 male habitus, dorsal view 39 male habitus, lateral view 40 face 41 male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view 42 pygofer ventral processes, ventrocaudal view 43 dorsal connective, lateral view 44 aedeagus, later view 45 aedeagus, ventral view 46 style, dorsal view 47 connective, dorsal view 48 connective, lateral view.

Body appearance. Head (Fig. 38) prominent frontally, clearly shorter medially than next to eyes, head including eyes as wide as pronotum. Face (Fig. 40) inflated in lateral view; frons with intensive punctures, oblique stripes and mid-carina; central part with n-shaped smooth region; ocelli closer to eyes, distance between them nearly 5 times of that from an ocellus to adjacent eye. Pronotum (Fig. 38) oblique forward and laterally, 2.7 times broader than long, with obvious, intensive and transverse striations and punctures, anterior area near eyes depressed, posterior margin excavated in middle. Scutellum (Fig. 38) surface granulose, and scattered with punctures, mid-length about 1.8 times that of pronotum. Forewing (Figs 38, 39) with three anteapical cells, veins prominent.

Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 41) broad basally, with incised dorsal and caudal margins, distal half of each ventral margin produced into two small spine-like processes which sometimes bifid. Subgenital plate (Fig. 41) narrow and elongate, nearly as long as that of ventral margin of pygofer, and with marginal setae. Aedeagus (Figs 44, 45) basally broad, with strongly developed dorsal apodeme and preatrium, shaft short, clearly narrower than basis in lateral view, lateral margins parallel in ventral view, subapex with small triangular processes directed caudally on lateral margins, apex round; gonopore apical. Dorsal connective (Fig. 43), in lateral aspect, S-shaped, process from inner ventral margin short, and horn-like. Style (Fig. 46), stem bent dorsolaterally, apex with small expansion. Connective (Figs 47, 48) typical.

Body length (including tegmen): 4.8 mm.

China (Sichuan).

The new species is similar to P. (S.) aomians in the pattern of body coloration, and somewhat similar to P. (S.) dilatus in male features, but can be distinguished from both by the distal half of the pygofer ventral margin with two small spine-like processes which are sometimes bifid, different shapes of the aedeagus and the dorsal connective.