Scolytodes is recognized by the sharply carinate lateral edges of the pronotum, separated procoxae, and protibiae that have two large lateral teeth near the distal end which appear unsocketed (but are actually socketed teeth embedded in cuticle; see fig. 8 in Jordal, 1998b). The eyes are entire or weakly sinuate, and the antennal funicle is 5- or 6-segmented (including the pedicel; see Wood 1982).

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, Puntarena, Monteverde, Estacion Biologica Monteverde, 10°19'10"N, 84°48'57"W, 1730 m, 12.VI.2001, R. Anderson, montane forest litter, 2001-107D. Holotype is deposited in USNM.

Interstriae 10 sharply elevated to near apex; protibiae with an additional mesal socketed tooth near the mucro. Distinguished from the closely related S. erineophilus Wood, 1969, by the densely placed and confused setae on the sutural interstriae and on declivity, and by the acute posterior corners of the pronotum.

Length 1.7 mm, 2.4 × as long as wide; color brown, with densely placed white setae. Head. Eyes weakly sinuate, separated above by 1.6 × their width. Frons generally flattened, slightly bulging on central half; surface on bulging area glabrous, impunctate, transversely wrinkled, around this area densely punctured; vestiture consisting of median long setae in a circle around bulging area, a few more short setae at upper level of eyes. Antennal club with two obliquely procurved sutures marked by setae, segments 1 and 2 corneous, segment 3 setose. Funiculus 6-segmented. Pronotum parallel-sided except distinctly expanded laterally in posterior corners; surface reticulate, dull, with shallow tiny punctures on basal fourth, on anterior three-fourths densely asperous. Vestiture consisting of fine erect and recumbent setae (4–0–0). Elytra smooth, striae weakly impressed, punctures small, deep, subcontiguous; interstriae approximately 3–5 × as wide as striae, punctures similar to those in striae, strongly confused or in rows. Interstriae 10 sharply elevated to near apex. Vestiture consisting of regular rows of long fine setae on each interstria, becoming spatulate on sutural interstriae, mixed with shorter fine hair-like setae in striae and interstriae. Legs. Procoxae separated by 1.0 × and mesocoxae 1.1 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae very narrow, lateral teeth 1 and 2 sub-equal, with 3–4 additional tiny granules along the edge towards base; an additional mesal socketed tooth near the mucro; protibial mucro short, straight. Meso- and metatibiae with 6 socketed lateral teeth on distal half and third, respectively. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum bifid or plumose, on metasternum simple.

Not known.

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 41, S. erineophilus, but distinguished as noted in the diagnosis.

The Latin name angulus is a masculine noun in apposition meaning corner or angle, referring to the sharp hind corners of the pronotum.

This species is only known from the type locality in Costa Rica, in high altitude cloud forest.

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, Guanacaste prov., Rincon de La Vieja, Las Pailas, 18.II.1996-020A, R. Anderson, Clusia rosea forest litter. Allotype male: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, 11 km SW Est. Biol. Las Cruces, 1450 m, 08°46'43"N, 83°01'50"W, 9.VII.1999, R. Anderson, wet cloud forest litter, 99-124E. Paratypes: Prov. Heredia, 6 km ENE Vara Blanca, 1950–2050 m, 10°11'N, 84°07'W, 21 Feb. 2002, INBio–OET–ALAS transect, 20/TN/12/005 (INB0003223381) (1); San José prov., Zurquí de Moravia, 1600 m, 30.6.1997, L. Kirkendall, H. Lezama, flight intercept trap (1). Holotype and allotype deposited in CMNC, 1 paratype in MNCR, and 1 paratype in ZMBN.

Interstriae 10 carinate to level of ventrite 2; protibiae with an additional mesal tooth near tarsal insertion. Metanepisternum covered with white plumose setae. Very similar to S. clusiae Wood, 1969, but differs by the smooth and shiny pronotum, the shorter setae in a smaller area in the female frons, and by the distinct, albeit tiny, interstrial punctures.

Length 1.5 mm, 2.1 × as long as wide; color black. Head. Eyes sinuate, separated above by 2.0 × their width. Frons weakly impressed from just above level of antennal insertion to epistoma; surface smooth, densely punctured in impressed area, scattered punctures above, shiny. Vestiture consisting of short setae in impressed area and on epistoma. Antennal club with two sutures marked by shorter setae, segment 1 and 2 corneous, sutures slightly constricted; funiculus 6-segmented. Pronotum shiny, with shallow, small, elongated punctures spaced by 2–3 × their diameter (length). Vestiture consisting of 8 erect long setae (4–2–2). Elytra generally smooth and shiny; striae not impressed, punctures shallow, tiny, appear elongated but composed by two punctures in one, each pair separated in rows by their length; interstriae 4 × as wide as striae, punctures of same size as in striae, much more separated, mainly in rows. Interstriae 10 carinate to level of ventrite 2. Vestiture consisting of regular rows of erect, interstrial setae of variable thickness, and regularly placed, fine, short, semi-recumbent setae in striae and interstriae, mainly on posterior half. Legs. Procoxae broadly separated by 0.9 × and mesocoxae 1.2 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae slightly broadening distally, lateral teeth 1 and 2 of similar size, with a faint extension of cuticle between them, and with 3–4 additional small, sharp spines or granules along the lateral edge towards base; an additional mesal tooth present near tarsal insertion; protibial mucro obtuse. Meso- and metatibiae with 5 and 6 lateral, socketed, small teeth on distal half and third, respectively. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum quadrifid to strongly plumose and densely placed, on mesanepisternum mainly trifid, on metasternum mainly simple, some bifid. Sclerolepidia scale-like or plumose.

1.4–1.6 mm long, 2.0–2.1 × as wide as long. Identical to female, except frons slightly more convex on lower part, with less dense vestiture.

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 25 with some uncertainty; S. clusiae in couplet 24 is a better match.

The Latin name niger is a masculine adjective, meaning shining black, referring to the dark and shiny appearance of this species.

This species is known from four Costa Rican cloud forest localities – in the northern and southern slopes of Volcan Barva (Braulio Carrillo), the southern slope of Rincon de La Vieja, and close to the Panama border (Las Cruces). Two specimens were collected by flight intercept trapping, and two by leaf litter sifting, one of which from Clusia litter.

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, Cartago, km 89 PanAmHighway, Cerro de la Muerte, 3300 m, 10.II.1996-002A, R. Anderson, elfin bamboo forest litter. Paratype: same data as holotype, except Cerro Buenavista, 3200 m, 09°33'N, 83°45'30"W, 18.VI.1998, R. Anderson, elfin bamboo/ mixed subparamo litter 98-102D (1). Holotype and paratype deposited in USNM.

Interstriae 10 carinate to level of metacoxae; protibiae broad with an additional mesal tooth near base of tooth 2. Similar to S. venustulus Wood, but is much larger, with shiny pronotum punctured to anterior margin, and finer elytral setae. Also rather similar to S. radiatus Wood, 1977, but differs by having much smaller punctures on pronotum and elytral striae, and the presence of setae in the female frons. Differs from S. clusiae Wood, 1969 by the smooth and shiny pronotum, the female frons is less setose without impressed area, and by the distinct, albeit tiny, interstrial punctures.

Length 1.9–2.0 mm, 2.1–2.2 × as long as wide; color black. Head. Eyes entire, separated above by 2.9–3.0 × their width. Frons convex, slightly bulging near upper level of eyes, flat below and level with epistoma; surface smooth, densely punctured on median half from just above level of antennal insertion to epistoma, shiny and impunctate above, with scattered punctures on vertex. Vestiture consisting of scant short fine setae on lower half. Antennal club with two slightly procurved sutures marked by short, coarse, setae, segment 1 and 2 rather large, corneous, suture 1 constricted; funiculus 5-segmented. Pronotum shiny, with deep, variably sized punctures spaced by 1–3 × their diameter. Vestiture consisting of 4 long, semi-erect, fine setae (4–0–0) and some fine, recumbent, setae along the anterior margin. Elytra generally smooth and shiny; striae not impressed, punctures shallow, tiny, appears elongated but composed by two punctures in one, each pair separated in rows by less than their length; interstriae 4 × as wide as striae, punctures of same size as in striae, much more and irregularly separated, mainly in rows. Interstriae 10 carinate to level of metacoxae. Vestiture consisting of about 20 erect setae of variable length on odd-numbered interstriae, and minute, recumbent setae in striae and interstriae. Legs. Procoxae separated by 0.5 × and mesocoxae 1.0 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae broad distally, lateral teeth 1 and 2 of similar size, tooth 2 exposed, socketed, with 4–6 additional small, sharp spines or granules along the lateral edge towards base; an additional mesal tooth present near base of tooth 2; protibial mucro curved posterio-laterally. Meso- and metatibiae with 5 and 6 lateral, socketed teeth on distal half and third, respectively. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum and metasternum simple, with some occasional bifid setae; on mesanepisternum strongly plumose. Sclerolepidia large, scale-like.

Presumably similar to the female.

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 25a, S. radiatus, but differs as noted in the diagnosis.

The Latin name simplex is an invariable adjective meaning plain or simple, in the sense of lacking ornaments, referring to the ordinary female frons.

This species is only known from two nearby locations at very high altitude in Costa Rica. Two specimens were sifted from mixed bamboo and elfin forest litter.

Figures 1–9. 

Dorsal, lateral and frontal view of the female holotype of 1, 4, 7 S. angulus, 2, 5, 8 S. niger and 3, 6, 9 S. simplex.

Holotype female: Costa Rica, Prov. Heredia, 6 km ENE Vara Blanca, 1950–2050 m, 10°11'N, 84°07'W, 21 Apr. 2002, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, 20/TN/17/030, INB0003223002. Allotype male: Alajuela, PN Volcan Poas, 2500 m, 10°11'30"N, 84°14'W, 6.VI.1997, R. Anderson, wet cloud forest litter, RSA 1997-003E. Paratypes: same data as holotype, except 22 Mar., 20/TN/08/011, INB0003222886 (1); San José, km 72, Int. Amer. Hwy, 3 km W. Ojo de Agua, 2950 m, 9°37'30"N, 83°50'30"W, 7.VI.1997, R. Anderson, oak for. Litter, 97-005B (1). Holotype and allotype in MNCR, 1 paratype in USNM, 1 paratype in ZMBN.

Interstriae 10 sharply elevated to level of metacoxae, interstriae 9 sharply elevated from near base to near apex; protibiae with an additional socketed, thin tooth near the mucro, posterior surface of protibia sulcate and strongly reticulate. Distinguished from S. radiatus by the much smaller punctures on the pronotum, by the paired smaller punctures in elytral striae, and a much longer carinate interstriae 9.

Length 1.7–1.9 mm, 2.2–2.4 × as long as wide; color black. Head. Eyes entire, separated above by 3.1–3.3 × their width. Frons bulging on lower two-thirds, transition to epistoma smooth; surface smooth and shiny, largely impunctate; vestiture consisting of 6–8 scattered long setae near epistoma and eyes. Antennal club with two obliquely procurved sutures densely marked by setae, corneous part of segments 1 and 2 barely visible. Funiculus 5-segmented. Pronotum smooth, strongly reticulate, dull, with scattered faint punctures reaching anterior margin. Vestiture consisting of two fine erect median setae along anterior margin (2–0–0), otherwise glabrous. Elytra smooth, striae 1 weakly, others not impressed, punctures small, in pairs of two subcontiguous punctures, each pair spaced by the length of each pair; interstriae 4–5 × as wide as striae, single punctures spaced by 5–10 × their diameter, in rows. Interstriae 10 sharply elevated to level of metacoxae; interstriae 9 sharply elevated from near base to near apex. Vestiture consisting of 10 erect long very fine setae, three on each interstria 3, two on each interstria 7. Legs. Procoxae separated by 0.4 × and mesocoxae 0.8 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae broad, posterior surface of protibia sulcate and strongly reticulate; lateral teeth 1 and 2 of sub-equal size, cuticle extending around these, with 3 additional tiny granules along the edge towards base; an additional socketed, thin tooth present near the mucro; protibial mucro curved posteriorly. Meso- and metatibiae with 6–7 thin socketed lateral teeth on distal half and third, respectively. Ventral vestiture. Scattered setae on metanepisternum and metasternum long and simple; sclerolepidia large round scales.

Identical to female. The terminal tergite of two paratypes were examined and revealed separate tergites 7 and 8 (male), and a single broader tergite 7 (female).

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 23, but punctures on elytral declivity do not match. If not, it will key to couplet 25a, S. radiatus.

The name sufflatus is a Latin masculine participle, meaning puffed up or inflated, referring to the swollen frons in both sexes.

This species is known from three localities above 2000 m altitude in Costa Rica.

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, San José, km 68 PanAmHighway, Tres de Junio Bog, 2600 m, 10.I.1996-001C, R. Anderson, litter ex. Forest adjacent to Sphagnum bog. Holotype deposited in USNM.

Interstriae 10 sharply elevated to level of metacoxa, interstriae 9 sharply elevated from the level of metacoxa to near apex; protibiae with an additional socketed, thin tooth near the mucro, posterior surface of protibiae sulcate and strongly reticulate. Distinguished from S. sufflatus by the impressed female frons, the broader eyes which are more closely situated above, by the narrower shape of the body, the shorter elytral setae, and by the shorter carinate part of interstria 9.

Length 1.5 mm, 2.4 × as long as wide; color black. Head. Eyes entire, separated above by 2.3 × their width. Frons generally flat, circularly impressed on median half; surface around impression smooth and shiny, impression with densely set punctures and tiny granules; vestiture in impressed area consisting of densely placed short scale-like setae, on epistoma and near antennal insertion with scant hair-like setae. Antennal club setose, with two obliquely procurved sutures barely discernible. Funiculus 5-segmented. Pronotum smooth, strongly reticulate, with scattered faint punctures reaching anterior margin. Vestiture consisting of two fine erect median setae along anterior margin (2–0–0), otherwise glabrous. Elytra smooth, striae 1 weakly, others not impressed, punctures small, in pairs of two subcontiguous punctures, each pair spaced by the length of each pair; interstriae 4–5 × as wide as striae, single punctures spaced by 5–10 × their diameter, in rows. Interstriae 10 sharply elevated to level of metacoxa, interstriae 9 sharply elevated from the level of metacoxa to near apex. Vestiture consisting of 4–6 short erect very fine setae, mainly on interstriae 3. Legs. Procoxae separated by 0.4 × and mesocoxae 0.8 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae broad, posterior surface sulcate and strongly reticulate, lateral teeth 1 and 2 of sub-equal size, with cuticle extending between these, with 3 additional tiny granules along the edge towards base; an additional socketed, thin tooth present near the mucro; protibial mucro curved posteriorly. Meso- and metatibiae with 6–7 fine socketed lateral teeth on distal half and third, respectively. Ventral vestiture. Scattered setae on metanepisternum and metasternum long and simple; sclerolepidia large round scales.

Unknown.

(Wood 1982). As for S. sufflatus.

The name squamatifrons is composed by the stem of the Latin adjective squamatus, meaning scaly, a linking vowel –i, and the noun frons, meaning forehead. It is invariable.

This species is known from the type locality at high altitude in Costa Rica.

Holotype: Costa Rica, Prov. Heredia, 9 km ENE Vara Blanca, 1450–1550 m, 10°14'N, 84°06'W, 11 Apr. 2005, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, ex Cecropia petiole, 050411. Paratypes: Same data as holotype (4); Alajuela Res. For. San Ramon, 25 km NE San Ramon, 20 Nov. 1993, L.R. Kirkendall, ex Cecropia peltata petiole (1). Holotype and 2 paratypes deposited in MNCR, 1 paratype in ZMBM, 2 in USNM.

Interstriae 10 not elevated; protibiae without additional mesal tooth. Setae on pronotum, and elytral striae and interstriae very long. Distinguished from S. punctiferus Wood, 1976 and S. punctatus (Eggers, 1943) by the longer setae, by the broader body shape and more broadly separated eyes.

Length 1.2–1.4 mm, 1.9 × as long as wide; mature color dark brown. Head. Eyes entire, separated above by 2.8 × their width. Frons generally flat, surface impunctate and shiny on median fifth from epistoma to vertex, scattered deep punctures along this line; vestiture consisting of sparse long fine setae in punctured area, pointing medially. Antennal club setose, sutures not discernible, basal part of segment 1 corneous. Funiculus 5-segmented. Pronotum smooth, weakly reticulate, subshining, with deep large punctures reaching anterior margin, spaced on average by their diameter. Vestiture consisting of very long fine setae (0–0–0). Elytra smooth, striae not impressed, punctures large, deep, spaced by their diameter; interstriae difficult to distinguish from striae, occasionally in rows but largely confused with striae; all punctures on sides slightly raised on anterior margin, appearing granulated in dorsal profile. Interstriae 10 not raised. Vestiture consisting of very long fine setae on interstriae and striae. Legs. Procoxae separated by 1.0 × and mesocoxae 1.5 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae broad, lateral teeth 1 and 2 of sub-equal size, tooth 2 exposed, both teeth extended distally, with a sharp serrated edge running from tooth 2 towards base; protibial mucro large, curved posterior-distally. Meso- and metatibiae with 6 and 7 coarse socketed lateral teeth on distal two-thirds and half, respectively. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum bifid, on metasternum long and simple; sclerolepidia and setae on epimeron plumose.

(Wood 1982). Keys incorrectly to couplet 7 due to the mesal tooth on protibiae is missing. The same applies to S. punctiferus, which is nevertheless placed in couplet 20.

The name comosus is a Latin masculine adjective, meaning long haired, referring to the confused rows of long strial, interstrial, and pronotal setae.

This species is known from two median altitude localities near Volcan Poas in Costa Rica. It was taken from Cecropia petioles in both sites. The species was recorded as Scolytodes sp. B by Jordal and Kirkendall (1998).

Figures 10–18. 

Dorsal, lateral and frontal view of the female holotype of 10, 13, 16 Scolytodes sufflatus 11, 14, 17 S. squamatifrons 12, 15, 18 S. comosus.

Holotype: Costa Rica, Prov. Heredia, 11 km ESE La Virgen, 250–350 m, 10°21'N, 84°03'W, 21 Mar. 2004, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, Intercept trap 03/TN/14/017, INB0003619017. Holotype deposited in MNCR.

Interstriae 10 weakly carinate to level of metacoxa, interstriae 9 carinate on posterior half; protibiae without additional mesal tooth. Distinguished from S. comosus by the long spatulate setae on each declivital striae, by the broader shape of the pronotum, the more narrowly separated eyes, and by the plumose setae on the metanepisternum.

Length 1.3 mm, 2.1 × as long as wide; color dark brown. Head. Eyes entire, separated above by 2.1 × their width. Frons generally flat, narrowly impressed just above epistoma, surface irregularly punctured, reticulate; vestiture consisting of sparse long fine setae pointing medially. Antennal club setose, sutures not discernible, basal part of segment 1 corneous. Funiculus possibly 5-segmented. Pronotum smooth on posterior half, with shallow punctures spaced by 1–2 × their diameter, on anterior half replaced by low scattered asperities; surface reticulate, subshining. Vestiture consisting of long fine setae (0–0–0). Elytra generally smooth, but punctures crenulated; striae not impressed, punctures small, crenulated on the anterior margin, spaced by 1–2 × their diameter; punctures in interstriae similar and entirely confused with those in striae. Interstriae 10 weakly carinate to level of metacoxa, interstriae 9 carinate on posterior half. Vestiture consisting of long fine strial and interstrial setae, with additional spatulate long setae in each striae on declivity. Legs. Procoxae separated by 1.0 × and mesocoxae 1.2 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae broad, lateral tooth 1 as long as 2, tooth 2 exposed and socketed, with additional 2–3 granules along the lateral edge towards base; protibial mucro large, and curved posteriorly. Meso- and metatibiae with 6 socketed lateral teeth on distal half. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum trifid or plumose, on metasternum long and simple; sclerolepidia and setae on epimeron plumose.

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 6 with no match (see S. comosus, above). One should reach couplet 20, near S. punctiferus.

The Latin name spatulatus is a masculine adjective, meaning spatula-like, referring to the broad tips of the longest setae on declivity.

This species is only known from the type locality in a lowland rain forest site south of La Selva Biological Station.

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, Prov. Heredia, 6 km ENE Vara Blanca, 1950–2050 m, 10°11'N, 84°07'W, 21 Feb. 2002, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, 20/TN/15/008, INB0003223280. Allotype, male: same data as holotype, except 9 Apr., transect 20/M/06/066, INB0003221635. Paratypes: same data as holotype except 21 Apr., transect 20/TN/15/028, INB0003223644 (1); 13 Apr., transect 20/RG/DBM/010, INB0003657266 (1). Holotype and allotype deposited in MNCR, 1 paratype in USNM, 1 paratype in ZMBN.

Interstriae 10 sharply carinate to near apex; protibiae with a tiny, sharp, additional mesal tooth near tarsal insertion. Distinguished from S. clusiacolens Wood, 1967 and S. prolatus Jordal, 2018 by the stouter body shape and subobovate elytra, by the smaller body size, and by the regular placement of fine setae only on interstriae 3, 5, 7 and 9.

Length 2.1–2.3 mm, 2.3–2.4 × as long as wide; color black. Head. Eyes entire, separated above by 2.5–3.0 × their width. Frons impressed on a semi-circular area from just below upper level of eyes to epistoma, surface finely, densely punctured, finely reticulate; vestiture consisting of fine short setae. Antennal club with two obliquely procurved sutures marked by white setae, segment 1 and 2 mainly corneous, segment 3 setose. Funiculus 6-segmented. Pronotum smooth, finely reticulate, with fine punctures spaced by 1–2 × their diameter. Vestiture consisting of six erect long setae (4–2–0). Elytra smooth, shiny, striae distinctly impressed, punctures in rows spaced by 2 × their diameter; punctures in interstriae in irregular rows, shallow, smaller and more widely spaced. Interstriae 10 sharply carinate to near apex. Vestiture consisting of erect long setae, on interstriae 3, 5, 7 and 9. Legs. Procoxae separated by 0.5 × and mesocoxae 0.9 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae narrow, lateral teeth 1 and 2 of sub-equal length, with 4–5 additional sharp small teeth along the lateral edge towards base; a tiny, sharp, additional mesal tooth present near tarsal insertion; protibial mucro short and curved, almost obtuse. Meso- and metatibiae with 6–7 small socketed lateral teeth on distal half and third, respectively. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum trifid or bifid, on metasternum long and simple; sclerolepidia rounded scales.

Similar to female except frons convex, with distinct abrupt impression on epistoma; eyes separated above by 3.3–3.6 × width of the eye; vestiture on frons consisting of few short setae.

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 6 but do not match due to the combination of a long interstriae 10 and the presence of a mesal protibial tooth. The same applies to S. clusiacolens, its closest relative.

The Latin name seriatus is a Latin masculine adjective meaning seriate, referring to the deeply impressed rows of closely set punctures in the striae.

This species is only known from the type locality in Costa Rica at high altitude.

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Guanacaste cons. Area, Rincon de La Vieja, Las Pailas, 1650 m, 19.II.1996-021A, R. Anderson, windblown cloud forest ridge litter. Allotype, male: same data as holotype. Paratypes: Alajuela, PN Volcan Poas, 2500 m, 10°11'30"N, 84°14'W, 6.VI.1997, R. Anderson, wet cloud for. litter, 97-003 (4); wet mount. for. FIT 6-28.VI.97, S. & J. Peck, 97-16 (1); Hered. Prov, Cerro Chompipe, 2100 m 10km NNE Heredia, 12–27.VI.97, mont. for. FIT, S. & J. Peck, 97-21 (1); Prov. Heredia, 6 km ENE Vara Blanca, 1950–2050 m, 10°11'N, 84°07'W, 16 Mar. 2002, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, 20/WF/03/43, INB0003223948 (1); holotype, allotype and 1 paratype in FSCA, 2 paratypes in USNM, 2 paratypes in ZMBN, 2 paratypes in MNCR.

Interstriae 10 sharply carinate to near apex; protibiae with a tiny, additional mesal tooth at the base of lateral tooth 2. Distinguished from S. seriatus by the more elongated shape and narrowly rounded apex of the elytra, by the reticulate pronotum that is constricted on basal one-fourth, and the different female frons.

Length 2.0–2.2 mm, 2.2–2.4 × as long as wide; color black. Head. Eyes entire, separated above by 3.3–3.6 × their width. Frons impressed on a semi-circular area from just below upper level of eyes to epistoma, surface densely punctured, except for a longitudinal median impunctate shiny glabrous band; vestiture consisting of fine short setae in punctured part of impressed area. Antennal club with two obliquely procurved sutures marked by short white setae, segment 1 and 2 mainly corneous, segment 3 setose. Funiculus 6-segmented. Pronotum slightly constricted laterally on basal on-fourth, surface smooth, reticulate, with fine punctures spaced by 2–3 × their diameter. Vestiture consisting of six erect long setae (4–2–0). Elytra smooth, shiny, striae distinctly impressed, punctures spaced by 2–3 × their diameter; punctures in interstriae confused, smaller and more widely spaced, intermixed with strial punctures. Interstriae 10 sharply carinate to near apex. Vestiture consisting of erect long acuminate setae on interstriae 3, 5, 7 and 9 only. Legs. Procoxae separated by 0.6 × and mesocoxae 0.9 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae narrow, lateral teeth 1 and 2 sub-equal in length, with 5 small granules along the lateral edge towards base; a tiny, additional mesal tooth present at the base of lateral tooth 2; protibial mucro obtuse. Meso- and metatibiae with 6 small socketed lateral teeth on distal half and distal third, respectively. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum bifid, on metasternum long and simple; sclerolepidia small rounded scales.

Similar to female, except frons convex, with distinct abrupt impression on epistoma; eyes separated above by 3.9–4.1 × the width of eye; vestiture of frons consisting of a few short setae.

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 6 but does not match (long interstriae 10, presence of mesal protibial tooth). The same applies to S. clusiacolens and S. seriatus, presumably the closest relatives.

The Latin name profundus is a masculine adjective, meaning deep or profound, referring to the deeply impressed striae comprising relatively small but densely placed punctures.

This species is known from several upper cloud forest localities in Costa Rica. One specimen was reared from sifted litter samples (miniWinkler method).

Figures 19–27. 

Dorsal, lateral and frontal view of the female holotype of 19, 22, 25 Scolytodes spatulatus 20, 23, 26 S. seriatus 21, 24, 27 S. profundus.

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, Heredia, near Virgen de Socorro, 10°14.4'N, 84°07.5'W, 1475 m, 11 Apr. 2005, L. Kirkendall #050411-1, 8 mm diameter Clusia branch. Allotype, male: same data as holotype. Paratypes: same data as holotype (3). Holotype, allotype, 1 paratype deposited in MNCR, 1 paratype in ZMBN, 1 paratype in USNM.

Interstriae 10 weakly carinate to just before level of metacoxa; protibiae with a tiny, additional mesal tooth at the base of lateral tooth 2. Pronotum asperate on anterior third. Metanepisternum with a row of characteristic, broad, plumose setae. Distinguished from S. pumilus Wood, 1969, by the lack of interstrial punctures, less abundant vestiture of the female frons, and the different setae on the metanepisternum.

Length 1.7–1.8 mm, 2.6–2.7 × as long as wide; color black. Head. Eyes sinuate, separated above by 2.5–2.6 × their width. Frons weakly impressed on a semi-circular area on median half on lower two-thirds, surface in impressed area punctured, reticulate, dull, vertex shiny, with scant fine punctures; vestiture consisting of fine short setae in impressed area. Antennal club with two obliquely recurved sutures (posterior side procurved) marked by white setae, segment 1 and 2 corneous. Funiculus 5-segmented, segments very short, disc-like. Pronotum reticulate, with fine punctures on posterior two-thirds spaced by 3–4 × their diameter, replaced on anterior one-third by fine asperities. Vestiture consisting of six erect long setae (4–2–0). Elytra smooth, shiny, striae not impressed, punctures tiny, spaced by 2–3 × their diameter, with additional microscopic puncture associated near each main puncture; punctures in interstriae absent. Interstriae 10 weakly carinate to just before level of metacoxa. Vestiture consisting of ca 20 erect long setae on odd-numbered interstriae. Legs. Procoxae separated by 0.8 × and mesocoxae 1.1 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae broadening apically, lateral teeth 1 and 2 of sub-equal size, with 3–6 additional small granules along the lateral edge towards base; a tiny, additional mesal tooth present at the base of lateral tooth 2; protibial mucro obtuse. Meso- and metatibiae with 6 and 5 small socketed lateral teeth on distal half and third, respectively. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum broadly plumose, on metasternum long and simple; sclerolepidia small, round scales.

Similar to female, except frons convex, with slight impression on epistoma; vestiture consisting of a few setae on epistoma.

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 53, S. pumilus, but differs as indicated in the diagnosis.

The Latin name catinus is a masculine noun meaning plate or bowl, referring to the smoothly impressed female frons. It is invariable.

This species is only known from the type locality at medium altitude in Costa Rica. Specimens were collected from a thin dead branch on a live Clusia tree along with individuals of the smaller species S. callosus Jordal and Kirkendall (described below).

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, Alajuela Province, N slope Volcan de Rincon, 2 km W. Dos Rios, 550 m, V-22-85. Blacklight. J.T. Doyen and P.A. Opler coll. [EMEC49554]. Paratype female: same data as holotype. The holotype is deposited in EMEC, 1 paratype in USNM.

Interstriae 10 carinate to near apex; protibiae with a tiny, additional mesal tooth near base of mucro. Pronotum lightly wrinkled on anterior third, punctured from base to anterior margin. Distinguished from the most similar species S. puer (Schedl, 1952), S. frontoglabratus (Schedl, 1935) and S. amoenus Wood, 1967 by the long shiny median field on the female frons, the presence of exactly 6 erect setae on elytra, and by the presence of a minute additional mesal tooth on the protibia.

Length 2.0–2.1 mm, 2.2 × as long as wide; color light reddish brown to black, darkest on anterior half of pronotum, and near the elytral base and suture. Head. Eyes entire, separated above by 2.7 × their width. Frons weakly flattened between eyes, a longitudinal shiny impunctate area on median third on lower half, surrounded by fine medium-long curved setae. Antennal club setose, with two two strongly procurved sutures marked by longer setae, segment 1 and 2 darker, almost corneous. Funiculus 6-segmented. Pronotum reticulate, with fine punctures spaced by 1–2 × their diameter, anterior half with very fine asperities in front of each puncture. Vestiture consisting of six erect long setae (4–0–2). Elytra smooth, shiny; striae not impressed, punctures in row spaced by their diameter; interstriae broad, 4 × as wide as striae, punctures confused except almost seriate on interstriae 4. Interstriae 10 carinate to near apex. Vestiture consisting of 6 erect setae, one each at base of interstriae 7, one near declivity on interstriae 9 and 7. Legs. Procoxae separated by 0.6 × and mesocoxae 0.8 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae parallel-sided, lateral teeth 1 and 2 of equal size, with 4 additional small granules along the lateral edge towards base; a tiny, additional mesal tooth present near base of mucro; protibial mucro very short curved posteriorly. Meso- and metatibiae with 5–6 small socketed lateral teeth on distal half. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum and metasternum simple, on mesanepisternum trifid; sclerolepidia small round scales.

Not known.

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 9, S. amoenus, but differs as indicated in the diagnosis.

The Latin name fimbriatus is a masculine adjective, meaning fringed, referring to the broad circle of golden erect setae in the female frons, surrounding a large impunctate and shining area.

This species is only known from the lowland type locality in Costa Rica. Two individuals were attracted to UV light.

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, Prov. Heredia, 10 km SE La Virgen, 450–550 m, 10°20'N, 84°05'W, 14 Mar. 2003, #030314-3 [L. Kirkendall, leg]. Allotype male and paratypes (2): same data as holotype. Holotype and allotype deposited in MNCR, 1 paratype in USNM, 1 paratype in ZMBN.

Interstriae 10 carinate to level of metacoxae; interstriae 9 carinate between level of metanepisternum and elytral apex; protibiae with an additional mesal tooth near tarsal insertion. Distinguished from the very similar species S. planifrons Jordal & Kirkendall (described below) and S. clusiapraelatus Jordal, 2013 by the sulcate female frons, the presence of several more and much longer elytral setae, and by the regularly sized and spaced strial punctures.

Length 1.3–1.4 mm, 2.0–2.1 × as long as wide; color dark brown to black. Head. Eyes entire, separated above by 2.5–2.6 × their width. Frons impressed on median third from just below upper level of eyes to epistoma, slightly elevated along margin of impressed area; impressed and elevated area with deep large punctures approximately in longitudinal rows. Vestiture consisting of sparse, fine setae associated with punctures. Antennal club setose, with two obliquely procurved sutures weakly marked by longer setae. Funiculus 5-segmented. Pronotum reticulate, with minute punctures spaced by 4–8 × their diameter. Vestiture consisting of two erect long setae along the median part of the anterior margin (2–0–0). Elytra smooth, shiny; striae not (or very weakly) impressed, small punctures spaced by 2–3 × their diameter; interstriae 3–4 × as wide as striae, scant punctures barely visible, confused. Interstriae 10 carinate to level of metacoxae; interstriae 9 carinate between level of metanepisternum and elytral apex. Vestiture consisting of 10–14 erect long setae on interstriae 3 and 7. Legs. Procoxae separated by 0.6 × and mesocoxae 1.0 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae broadening slightly distally, lateral teeth 1 and 2 of sub-equal size, with 3–4 additional, small granules along the lateral edge towards base; all teeth, particularly 1 and 2 are connected by a thin, semi-transparent extension of the cuticle; an additional mesal tooth present near tarsal insertion; protibial mucro straight, short. Meso- and metatibiae with 7 and 6 lateral, socketed, small teeth on distal half and third, respectively. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum and metasternum simple, on mesanepisternum trifid; sclerolepidia small, round scales.

As in female, except frons convex, with scant short setae near epistoma.

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 22, with no further match.

The Latin name sulcifrons is composed by the stem of the masculine adjective sulcus, meaning furrow, a linking vowel –i, and the noun frons, meaning forehead, referring to the broad longitudinal furrow in the female frons. It is invariable.

This species is only known from the lowland type locality in Costa Rica. Individuals were collected from the bark of a 9 cm-diameter standing dead tree that was covered with thick moss.

Figures 28–36. 

Dorsal, lateral and frontal view of the female holotype of 28, 31, 34 Scolytodes catinus 29, 32, 35 S. fimbriatus 30, 33, 36 S. sulcifrons.

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, Prov. Heredia, 9 km NE Vara Blanca, 1450–1550 m, 10°14'N, 84°06'W, 22 Mar. 2005, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, Finca Murillo, 15/WF/01/50, INB0003665427. Allotype male: same data as holotype, INB0003665426. Paratype: same data as holotype, INB0003665425 (1f); 6 km ENE Vara Blanca, 1950–2050 m, 10°11'N, 84°07'W, 17 Feb. 2002, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, 20/WF/01/22, INB0003223047 (1f). Holotype and allotype deposited in MNCR, 1 paratype in USNM, 1 paratype in ZMBN.

Interstriae 10 carinate to level of metacoxae; interstriae 9 carinate between level of metanepisternum and elytral apex; protibiae with an additional mesal tooth near tarsal insertion. Distinguished from the the very similar species S. sulcifrons and S. clusiapraelatus Jordal, 2013 by the flat lower frons of females, the small elytral setae, and by the paired strial punctures.

Length 1.4–1.5 mm, 2.0–2.1 × as long as wide; color dark brown to black. Head. Eyes entire, separated above by 2.8–3.0 × their width. Frons convex on upper half, entirely flat with scant fine punctures below. Vestiture consisting of sparse fine setae associated with punctures. Antennal club setose, with two transverse sutures weakly marked by longer setae. Funiculus 6-segmented. Pronotum shiny, very weakly reticulate, with small punctures spaced by 2–3 × their diameter. Vestiture consisting of two erect long setae along the median part of the anterior margin (2–0–0). Elytra smooth, shiny; striae not impressed, small punctures in rows, two and two in longitudinal pairs, each pair spaced by the length of a pair; interstriae 3–4 × as wide as striae, punctures of same size as in striae, widely spaced, mainly in rows. Interstriae 10 carinate to level of metacoxae; interstriae 9 carinate between level of metanepisternum and elytral apex. Vestiture consisting of 2–4 short erect interstrial setae, minute recumbent setae elsewhere. Legs. Procoxae separated by 0.5 × and mesocoxae 0.9 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae broadening slightly distally, lateral teeth 1 and 2 of sub-equal size, with 2–3 additional small teeth along the lateral edge towards base; an additional mesal tooth present near tarsal insertion; protibial mucro, short, slightly curved posteriorly. Meso- and metatibiae with 7 and 6 small socketed lateral teeth on distal half. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum and metasternum simple; sclerolepidia small round scales.

Nearly identical to female, frons slightly more rounded on lower half, body length 1.3–1.4 mm.

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 22, with no further match.

The Latin name planifrons is composed by the stem of the masculine adjective planus, meaning flat, the linking vowel –i, and the noun frons, meaning forehead, referring to the completely flat and shiny lower frons of the female (and almost so in male). It is invariable.

This species is only known from two high altitude localities in Costa Rica. The four individuals were reared from sifted litter samples (miniWinkler method).

Holotype, presumably female: Costa Rica, Prov. Heredia, 9 km NE Vara Blanca, 1450–1550 m, 10°14'N, 84°06'W, 6 Apr. 2005, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, #050406-3 [ex Clusia, L. Kirkendall, leg]. Paratype female: same data as holotype, except 8 Mar. 2005, 15/M/15/040, Finca Murillo, INB0003669571. Holotype deposited in MNCR, 1 paratype in USNM.

Interstriae 10 carinate to level of metacoxae; protibiae with an additional mesal tooth near tarsal insertion. Similar to S. minutus Wood, 1981, with the combination of deep large punctures on pronotum and elytra, and spatulate shape of elytral setae, but differs from S. minutus by the larger size, black color, and the smooth and more elongated pronotum.

Length 1.5–1.6 mm, 2.7 × as long as wide; color dark brown to black. Head. Eyes entire, separated above by 2.6–2.7 × their width. Frons convex, with few shallow tiny punctures, surface shiny, reticulate on epistoma and vertex. Vestiture consisting of sparse fine setae on lower frons, denser on epistoma. Antennal club with two transverse sutures marked by short setae, segments 1 and 2 corneous, segment 3 setose. Funiculus 6-segmented. Pronotum shiny, with large deep punctures spaced by less than their diameter. Vestiture consisting of 8 longer erect setae (4–2–2), on the anterior part additional fine short setae. Elytra smooth, shiny; striae not impressed, punctures large, deep, separated in rows by less than their diameter, smaller on declivity; interstriae as broad as striae, punctures much smaller than in striae, widely spaced. Interstriae 10 carinate to level of metacoxae. Vestiture consisting of erect interstrial setae which are bristle-like near base of elytra and spatulate on posterior part and declivity, and fine short recumbent setae in striae. Legs. Procoxae separated by 0.4 × and mesocoxae 0.6 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae broadening distally, lateral teeth 1 and 2 of equal size, tooth 2 socketed and exposed, with 2–3 additional small teeth along the lateral edge towards base; an additional mesal tooth present near tarsal insertion; protibial mucro obtuse. Meso- and metatibiae with 6 and 5 small socketed lateral teeth on distal half and third, respectively. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum trifid to broadly plumose, on metasternum mainly simple, bifid near episternal suture; sclerolepidia broad plumose scales.

Presumably identical to the female. Sex of holotype is not determined but is identical to the female paratype with one elytron (exposing seven visible tergites).

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 25, with no further match.

The Latin name porosus is a masculine adjective, meaning porous, referring to the densely and deeply punctured pronotum and elytra.

This species is only known from the high altitude type locality in Costa Rica. One individual was collected in a Malaise trap, the other was dissected from a Clusia branch.

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, Prov. Heredia, 11 km SE La Virgen, 450–550 m, 10°20'N, 84°05'W, 17 Mar. 2003, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, 05/F/02/30, INB0003605900. Allotype, male: same data as holotype, 05/F/02/30 (INB0003605847). Paratypes: same data as holotype, 05/F02/13 (INB0003605727) (1); same data except 16 Feb., 05/F/01/24 (1); same data except 12 Apr., 05/F/03/37 (INB0003605900) (1). Holotype and 2 paratypes are deposited in MNCR, 1 paratype in ZMBN, 1 in USNM.

Interstriae 10 carinate to level of ventrite 1; protibiae with an additional mesal tooth near base of tooth 2. Distinguished from the very similar S. callosus Jordal & Kirkendall (described below) by the convex female frons which lacks a callus above epistoma, by the abundance of confused interstrial micro-punctures, and the entire eyes which are more broadly separated above.

Length 1.3–1.5 mm, 2.7 × as long as wide; color black. Head. Eyes entire, separated above by 2.8–3.1 × their width. Frons convex, short; surface weakly reticulate, more strongly so on vertex, with large punctures intermixed with micro-punctures on lower half. Vestiture consisting of fine setae from below upper level of eyes to epistoma. Antennal club and funiculus not clearly visible on specimens. Pronotum shiny, with shallow small punctures spaced by 3–4 × their diameter; faint asperities present on anterior fifth. Vestiture consisting of 8 erect long setae (4–2–2). Elytra smooth and shiny, cuticle slightly wrinkled at interstriae 1 and 2; striae 1 and 2 weakly impressed, others not, punctures small, deep, associated with a micro-puncture and together appears like one elongated puncture, each pair separated in rows by less than their length; interstriae 3–4 × as wide as striae, with abundant, confused micro-punctures, particularly abundant on interstriae 1–5. Interstriae 10 carinate to level of ventrite 1. Vestiture consisting of about 40 erect setae regularly distributed on odd-numbered interstriae. Legs. Procoxae separated by 0.4 × and mesocoxae 0.9 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae narrow, lateral teeth 1 and 2 of equal size, with 3 additional small teeth along the lateral edge towards base; an additional mesal tooth present near base of tooth 2; protibial mucro obtuse. Meso- and metatibiae with 6 and 5 small socketed lateral teeth on distal half and third, respectively. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum and metasternum simple, on mesanepisternum bifid. Sclerolepidia very small elongated scales.

Near identical to female.

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 25, with no further match.

The Latin name mundus is a masculine adjective, meaning clean, pure, or neat, referring to the small size of the species, with few, very fine, setae on elytra and in the female frons, and the generally shiny appearance.

This species is only known from the type locality at 500 m altitude in Costa Rica. Specimens were collected from three different fogging events (http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/alas/canopy03.html). The species is morphologically very similar to other small Scolytodes species breeding in Clusia.

Figures 37–45. 

Dorsal, lateral and frontal view of the female holotype of 37, 40, 43 Scolytodes planifrons 38, 41, 44 S. porosus 39, 42, 45 S. mundus.

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, Prov. Heredia, 16 km SSE La Virgen, 1050–1150 m, 10°16'N, 84°05'W, 19 Feb. 2001, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, #010219-5, ex dead branch of Clusia [L. Kirkendall, leg]. Allotype male: same data as holotype. Paratypes: same data as holotype (2); Heredia, near Virgen de Socorro, 10°14.4'N, 84°07.5'W, 1475 m, 11 Apr. 2005, #050411-1, ex Clusia 8 mm dia. [L. Kirkendall, leg] (4); Prov. Heredia, 16 km SSE La Virgen, 1050–1150 m, 10°16'N, 84°05'W, 21 Mar. 2001, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, 11/TN/16/016 and 11/TN/06/011 (2); Prov. Heredia, 9 km NE Vara Blanca, 1450–1550 m, 10°14'N, 84°06'W, 6 Apr. 2005, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, #050406-3, ex dead branch of Clusia [L. Kirkendall, leg] (1); 17 Apr. 2005, 15/TN/08/024 (1); 20 Mar. 2005, 15/TN/11/016 (1); 20 Feb. 2001, 15/TN/04/002 (1); Prov. Heredia, 10 km SSE La Virgen, 450–550 m, 10°20'N, 84°05'W, 16 Mar. 2003, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, #030316-2 ex Clusia 2 cm dia. [L. Kirkendall, leg] (2); 11 km SSE La Virgen, 250–350 m, 10°21'N, 84°03'W, 11 Apr. 2004, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, #040411-1 [L. Kirkendall, leg] (1). Holotype, allotype and 8 paratypes are deposited in MNCR, 4 paratypes in ZMBN, 4 paratypes in USNM.

Interstriae 10 carinate to level of ventrite 1; protibiae with an additional mesal tooth near base of tooth 2. Distinguished from the very similar S. mundus by the impressed lower female frons which has a small median callus just above epistoma, by the sparse, but regular, interstrial punctures, by the more broadly separated pro- and mesocoxae, and by the slightly emarginated eyes which are less broadly separated above.

Length 1.2–1.5 mm, 2.4–2.5 × as long as wide; color dark brown. Head. Eyes weakly emarginated along anterior margin, separated above by 2.4–2.6 × their width. Frons weakly impressed on a semi-circular area from just below upper level of eyes to near epistoma, surface strongly reticulate, with dense small punctures; a short median vertically elongated callus just above epistoma. Vestiture consisting of a mixture of fine short setae, and longer semi-erect setae, in impressed area. Antennal club with two recurved sutures on anterior face marked by short setae, on posterior side procurved, forming two oblique rings around the club; funiculus not clearly visible, likely 5-segmented. Pronotum strongly reticulate, with shallow tiny obscure punctures spaced by 3–5 × their diameter; faint asperities present on anterior fifth. Vestiture consisting of 8 erect long setae (4–2–2). Elytra generally smooth and shiny, sub-rugose on interstriae 1–3; striae 1 impressed, others not, punctures small, deep, associated with a micro-puncture and together appears like one elongated puncture, each pair separated in rows by less than their length; interstriae 3–4 × as wide as striae, with few small scattered punctures. Interstriae 10 carinate to level of ventrite 1. Vestiture consisting of about 25 erect setae regularly distributed on odd-numbered interstriae. Legs. Procoxae separated by 0.7 × and mesocoxae 1.1 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae narrow, lateral teeth 1 and 2 of equal size, with 1–2 additional small granules along the lateral edge towards base; an additional mesal tooth present near base of tooth 2; protibial mucro obtuse. Meso- and metatibiae with 7 and 6 small socketed lateral teeth on distal half and third, respectively. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum and mesanepisternum bifid, on metasternum and part of metanepisternum simple. Sclerolepidia large, plumose-like scales.

Similar to female, except frons convex, flattened just above (and level with) epistoma, with fine punctures and scant fine setae.

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 25, with no further match.

The Latin name callosus is a masculine adjective, meaning hard, thick skin, referring to an elevated median callus just above the epistoma in females.

This species is known from rainforest localities on the northern slopes of Braulio Carrillo in Costa Rica. Specimens were dissected from thin branches and twigs of Clusia, or collected by flight intercept traps (TN). The majority were collected in cloud forest. Some specimens were from the same twig as the larger species S. catinus.

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, Prov. Heredia, 16 km SSE La Virgen, 1050–1150 m, 10°16'N, 84°05'W, 20 Feb. 2001, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, 11/TN/16/006, INB0003209608. Allotype male: Tapanti, Cartago, 4000 ft, IX-17-1963, S.L. Wood, ex unknown branch, #180, Scolytodes sp. det. S. L. Wood. Paratype (1 female): same data as allotype. Holotype deposited in MNCR, allotype and paratype in USNM. Other material. Same data as holotype, INB0003209621; only abdomen with elytra on point.

Interstriae 10 carinate to apex; protibiae without additional mesal tooth. The combination of few erect interstrial setae, and ground vestiture consisting of fine recumbent strial and interstrial setae, distinguish this species from several species related to S. chapuisi Wood, 1977 or S. pseudopiceus Wood, 1969, and further from S. venustus Wood, 1969 by the long abundant setae in the female frons.

Length 1.7–1.8 mm, 2.3–2.4 × as long as wide; color light brown. Head. Eyes entire, separated above by 1.8–1.9 × their width. Frons flattened from vertex to epistoma, surface shiny, median fifth impunctate and very weakly elevated, punctured elsewhere at base of setae. Vestiture consisting of long, golden setae arising from vertex and upper lateral areas of flattened area, tips of setae reaching level of antennal insertion. Antennal club setose, two procurved sutures weakly marked by shorter setae; funiculus not clearly visible, likely 6-segmented. Pronotum strongly reticulate, with shallow, obscure punctures spaced by 1–2 × their diameter; faint asperities present on anterior third. Vestiture consisting of 8 erect long setae (4–2–2). Elytra generally smooth and shiny; striae not impressed, punctures shallow, separated in rows by their diameter, confused with interstriae on declivity; interstriae on average 2 × as wide as striae, with confused punctures slightly smaller than in striae. Interstriae 10 carinate to apex. Vestiture consisting of about 15–20 erect setae on odd-numbered interstriae, and fine recumbent ground vestiture in both striae and interstriae. Legs. Procoxae narrowly separated by 0.2 × and mesocoxae 0.7 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae narrow, parallel-sided, lateral teeth 1 slightly as long as 2, with 3–5 additional small rugae or granules along the lateral edge towards base; protibial mucro obtuse. Meso- and metatibiae with 7 and 6 lateral, socketed, small teeth on distal half and third, respectively. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum and metasternum simple, on mesanepisternum bifid. Sclerolepidia very small, scale-like.

Similar to female, except size 1.6 mm; frons more convex, with a very weakly formed carina from epistoma to near upper level of eyes, punctures obscure, surface strongly reticulate, nearly glabrous except epistoma.

(Wood 1982). Keys to couplet 17, with no close match to S. venustus or S. pseudopiceus.

The Latin name parvipilus is composed by the stem of the adjective parvus, meaning small, the linking vowel –i, and the noun pilus, meaning fine hair, referring to the small curly or recumbent fine setae on the elytra, with only a few erect, longer, setae. It is invariable.

This species is known from two Costa Rican cloud forest localities – the northern slopes of Braulio Carrillo, and Tapanti. Two specimens were collected in the same flight intercept trap, and two specimens were dissected from an unidentified branch.

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, Prov. Heredia, 16 km SSE La Virgen, 1050–1150 m, 10°16'N, 84°05'W, 21 Mar. 2001, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, 11/TN/18/008, INB0003210556. Allotype, male: Prov. Heredia, 9 km NE Vara Blanca, 1450–1550 m, 10°14'N, 84°06'W, 20 Mar. 2005, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, 15/TN/04/012, INB0003675744. Paratypes: same data as allotype, except 15/TN/20/020 (INB0003675955) (1); same data as allotype except 17 Apr. 2005, 15/TN/04/022 (INB0003676180) (1); Costa Rica, Puntarenas, 5 km SW Est. Biol. Las Cruces, 1425 m, 08°46'59"N, 82°59'18"W, 22 VI. 1998, R. Anderson, wet cloud forest litter, 98-108B (2); Costa Rica, S. J., Zurquí de Moravia, 1600 m, IX-1-9-1998, FIT, C.W. & L.B. O’Brien (1). Holotype and allotype deposited in MNCR, 2 paratypes in FSCA, 1 paratype in USNM, 1 paratype in CASC, 1 paratype in ZMBN.

Interstriae 10 carinate to level of metacoxa; protibiae without additional mesal tooth. Unique female frons with silky white, soft setae, and one of few species bearing 10 erect pronotal setae where the additional pair is close to the center of the pronotum. Only distantly related to species such as S. banosus (Hagedorn, 1909) and S. hagedorni (Schedl, 1962); more similar to S. obovatus Jordal, 2013 but the new species differs by having a short interstriae 10.

Length 1.4–1.7 mm, 1.9–2.0 × as long as wide; color brown to dark brown. Head. Eyes weakly sinuate, separated above by 2.0–2.5 × their width. Frons flattened between eyes from vertex to epistoma, more deeply impressed at level of antennal insertion; surface shiny, smooth, median third impunctate, with dense punctures elsewhere associated with setae. Vestiture consisting of short, soft, silky setae from vertex to epistoma, except in central impunctate area. Antennal club setose, particularly on anterior face, on posterior face with two obliquely procurved sutures, segment 1 large, corneous; funiculus 6- or 7-segmented, segments very thin and disc-like. Pronotum shiny, very weakly reticulate, with shallow, medium-sized punctures spaced on average by their diameter. Vestiture consisting of 10 erect long setae (4–2–2–2), and short, fine, recumbent setae on anterior half. Elytra generally smooth and shiny; striae not impressed, punctures shallow, tiny, in longitudinal pairs, each pair separated in rows by their length; interstriae 5 × as wide as striae, punctures of same size as in striae, mainly in rows. Interstriae 10 carinate to level of metacoxa. Vestiture consisting of irregularly placed, erect, interstrial setae of variable length and thickness, and densely placed, fine, short, partly curled, semi-recumbent setae in both striae and interstriae. Legs. Procoxae separated by 0.6 × and mesocoxae 0.9 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae narrow, oval-parallel-sided, lateral teeth 1 and 2 long and sharp, 2 as long as 1, with 3–4 additional small, sharp spines or granules along the lateral edge towards base; protibial mucro obtuse. Mesotibiae with 6–9 lateral, socketed, small teeth on distal half, the apical 3–4 teeth smaller, forming a dense comb; metatibiae with 5–6 lateral, small, socketed teeth on distal half. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metanepisternum and metasternum simple, on mesanepisternum trifid. Sclerolepidia very small, scale-like.

Similar to female, except frons slightly more convex, with fewer and shorter setae distributed near inner margin of eyes and antennal insertion.

(Wood 1982). There is a mismatch in couplet 6 (short interstriae 10, but no mesal tooth on protibiae).

The Latin name plenus is a masculine adjective, meaning plump or chubby, referring to the stout body shape.

This species is known from four Costa Rican cloud forest localities – in the northern and southern slopes of Volcan Barva (Braulio Carrillo) and close to the Panama border (Las Cruces). Two specimens were collected by leaf litter sifting, and four specimens by flight intercept trapping.

Figures 46–54. 

Dorsal, lateral and frontal view of the female holotype of 46, 49, 52 Scolytodes callosus 47, 50, 53 S. parvipilus 48, 51, 54 S. plenus.

Holotype, female: Costa Rica, Limón, Hamburgfarm on Reventazón. [NHMW]. New records: Costa Rica, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 50–150 m, 10°26'N, 84°01'W, May 2000, INBio-OET; 09 May 2000, Goethalsia meiantha FOT/47/29 (INBIOCRI002730681), FOT/49/26 (INBIOCRI002731590), FOT/49/23 (INBIOCRI002731568).

Interstriae 10 elevated to near apex; protibiae without an additional mesal tooth. Recognized by the presence of exactly two erect setae on the median anterior margin of the pronotum, and one erect setae on each interstriae 3 on the elytral disc, and by the broad longitudinal callus in a sparsely setose female frons.

Length 1.3 mm, 2.0 × as long as wide; color brown. Head. Eyes entire, separated above by 1.6 × their width. Frons impressed in a hoof-shaped fashion, from broadly impressed on epistoma to more narrowly impressed near upper level of eyes, a longitudinal, broad callus in the middle of impressed area; surface shiny, punctured in impressed area only; vestiture consisting of fine, short setae in impressed area. Antennal club densely pubescent, without sutures, posterior face partly corneous on basal median half. Funiculus 5-segmented. Pronotum shiny, small punctures spaced by 3–4 × their diameter. Vestiture consisting of two erect setae at the middle of frontal margin (2–0–0). Elytra smooth, striae generally not impressed, punctures minute and barely visible, close to each other in irregular rows; interstriae approximately 4–6 × as wide as striae, punctures as small as in striae, in rows, separated by 5–10 × their diameter. Interstriae 10 carinate to near apex. Vestiture consisting of two erect setae on disc, one on each interstriae 3. Legs. Procoxae separated by 0.8 × and mesocoxae 1.0 × the width of one procoxa. Protibiae narrow, teeth 1 and 2 equal, with 3–4 additional tiny granules along the edge towards base; protibial mucro tiny, curved posteriorly. Mesotibiae with 6 socketed lateral teeth on distal half, metatibiae with 4 small socketed teeth on distal fourth. Ventral vestiture. Setae on metasternum and metanepisternum simple.

Similar to female except frons convex, slightly impressed just above epistoma having scant setae; surface shiny, with few punctures.

This species is only known from two nearby sites in the lowland of eastern Costa Rica. Three specimens were collected by fogging of a Goethalsia meiantha tree (Malvaceae).

The holotype is a light-colored teneral specimen. The mature color is very dark brown. Wood (1982) did not note the peculiar pattern of setae with two erect frontal setae on pronotum, and two erect setae on the elytral disc (one each on interstriae 3).

Figures 55–57. 

Dorsal, lateral and frontal view of a female Scolytodes minutissimus.

San José, Zurquí de Moravia, 1600 m, 11 July 1997, L. R. Kirkendall, 4 cm dia. Cecropia insignis branch (14); Prov. Heredia, 16 km SSE La Virgen, 1050–1150 m, 10°16'N, 84°05'W, 20 Feb. 2001, INBio-OET-ALAS transect, 11/TN/19/009, INB0003210610 (1); Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 50–150 m, 10°26'N, 84°01'W, 15 May 2000, FOT/50/34, fogging Goethalsia meiantha, INBIOCRI002731022 (1); [Puntarenas] La Gamba, Piedras Blancas NP, Esquinas rainforest, 18–28 May 2006, 8°42'/-83°12', 90–200 m, leg. Erwin Holzer (1).

Scolytodes obesus was described from a single teneral specimen from the Canal Zone in Panama (Wood 1975). This specimen is slightly stouter than the holotype of S. costabilis (2.1 vs. 2.3 × as long as wide), and the declivity of the elytra is slightly more gradual. Slight variation observed among populations and even within series of the new collections argue for there being just a single species.

Scolytodes costabilis is recorded for the second time from Costa Rica (see Jordal 2018), from three additional localities. With the four records reported here, this species is regarded as broadly distributed, ranging from Veracruz, Mexico (holotype of S. costabilis) to central Panama, from near sea level to cloud forest.