Female. Body length: 1.51–1.85 mm (n=4). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, sparsely granulate ventrally. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout; with fan-like striae, striae not extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina; slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: anterior half coriaceous, otherwise densely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spines: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: with dense, well-defined longitudinally costate sculpture reaching just half of its width. Metapleuron sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: largely weakly coriaceous mixed with longitudinal costae, meson coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: anterior two-thirds longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: mainly smooth, with sparse, setigerous punctulae. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, interrupted medially.

Male. Body length: 1.36 – 1.60 mm (n=3). Body color: head, mesoscutum, edges of T1–T2, T4–T6 dark brown, reminder of terga light honey yellow as remainder of mesosoma. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: upper half with transverse carinae mixed with granulae, remainder of scrobe smooth. Shape and size of anterior ocellus: large, oblong in shape. Vertex posterior area sculpture: densely granulose. Occipital carina dorsal area: cristate, conspicuously present. Netrion: well-defined, suboval. Sculpture of mesepisternum: absent (smooth). Sculpture of pronotal lateral areas: with thin, longitudinal carinae. Length of fore wing stigmal vein: conspicuously elongate. Angle of stigmal vein in relation to anterior margin of fore wing: at an angle of approximately 45° with respect to anterior margin of wing. Sculpture of T2: mesal area with weal longitudinal carinae, remainder of tergum with longitudinal carinae mixed with coriaceous sculpture.

Odontacolus africanus is very similar to Odontacolus anningae, but the latter species can be identified by the body being completely yellow and the mesal area of T2 with a conspicuous smooth area, and the remainder of the tergum with thin, somewhat sparse, well-defined, longitudinal costae throughout their length, and without coriaceous sculpture in the background.

This species is named in reference to its broad distribution across southern and east Africa.

³²

Holotype female: SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal Prov., Eshowe, VI-1926, R. E. Turner, OSUC 238419 (deposited in BMNH). Paratypes: (88 females, 3 males) CAMEROON: 1 female, OSUC 238442 (BMNH). CONGO: 1 female, OSUC 381663 (OSUC). GUINEA: 1 female, OSUC 238724 (CNCI). KENYA: 64 females, 2 males, OSUC 321891 (BMNH); OSUC 238444, 238447, 238519, 238550, 238572, 238576–238577, 238723, 238725, 238729, 238732–238733, 238735–238737, 238739, 238741–238742, 238747–238750, 238752–238755, 238758–238764, 321886 (CNCI); OSUC 238522, 238555, 238565, 238567–238568, 238573, 238582, 238722, 238726, 238730, 238738, 238757 (NMKE); OSUC 238520, 238740, 238745, 238751 (OSUC); OSUC 238438, 238514, 238727, 238731, 238734, 238743, 238746, 238765–238766, 267295–267297, 381662 (USNM); OSUC 238744, 412089 (WINC). MADAGASCAR: 12 females, 1 male, OSUC 238436–238437, 321888 (BMNH); CASENT 2042644–2042645, 2134801, 2134824, 2135994, 2137871, 2137902 (CASC); CASENT 2042643, 2079135, 2135721 (OSUC). MOZAMBIQUE: 1 female, OSUC 339606 (CNCI). SOUTH AFRICA: 4 females, OSUC 321889–321890 (BMNH); OSUC 238720–238721 (CNCI). UGANDA: 2 females, OSUC 238427, 238446 (CNCI). ZIMBABWE: 2 females, OSUC 238425, 238439 (CNCI).

The holotype has the posterior right leg detached from the body and glued to the triangle; the right side wings are detached and in a gelatin capsule; the left antenna is missing. Most of the paratypes are in perfect condition.

In some female specimens the color pattern differs from that described above, the metasoma is a slightly lighter tone of dark brown compared to the head or the mesosoma (i.e. OSUC 238763). Additionally, the mesal area of T2 normally is covered by fine, dense, longitudinal costae (as in the holotype) but some specimens exhibit a smooth area with weak coriaceous sculpture in the background (in the absence of longitudinal costae), or a narrow smooth area with the lateral areas of the tergite with weak, longitudinal costae mixed with weak coriaceous sculpture in the background.

Female. Body length: 1.75 mm (n=1). Antenna color: A1, A5–A7 light yellow, remainder of antenna light honey yellow. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly coriaceous throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: with weak rugulose sculpture mixed with granulate sculpture. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Shape of medial area of vertexmedial area of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: present, well-defined but small (length less than 0.3 of malar sulcus length). Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely granulose, ventral 1/4 with broad costae. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: finely longitudinally costate, granulate laterally. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly costate sublaterally, weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise granulose. Sculpture of S3–S6: S3 weakly coriaceous, S4–S6 mainly smooth with few, sparse, setigerous punctulae sculpture. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

This is the only species of Odontacolus known from Nepal so far. It has a small but evident lagrimal as in Odontacolus mot; however, the lagrimal is not as large as in Odontacolus gentingensis. Odontacolus aldrovandii can be distinguished from Odontacolus mot by its smaller body size and the honey yellow coloration of the metasoma. In Odontacolus mot the metasoma in mainly dark brown except for the light orange T1.

This species is named to honor the Renaissance Italian naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi. The epithet is used as noun in the genitive case.

³⁴

Holotype female: NEPAL nr. Birganj, Lothar, 450ft. 13–19.ix.1967, Malaise trap No.84, Canadian Nepal Expedition, OSUC 239210 (deposited in CNCI).

The holotype is in good condition except that the right hind wing and right antennal clava are missing.

Female. Body length: 1.39 mm (n=1). Antenna color: A1 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: completely yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, sparsely granulate ventrally. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: coriaceous throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Shape of medial area of vertexmedial area of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: small. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: weakly rugulose mixed with granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: longitudinally costate on weakly coriaceous background. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly smooth, lower third sparsely longitudinally carinate.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: largely coriaceous, smooth mesally. Sculpture of T3: smooth mesally, otherwise weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: S3 weakly coriaceous, S4–S6 mainly smooth with few, sparse, setigerous punctulae sculpture. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, interrupted medially.

Male. Unknown.

The species Odontacolus baeri is very similar to Odontacolus africanus and Odontacolus anningae but can be distinguished from them by the absence of the S2 anterior carina. Both Odontacolus africanus and Odontacolus anningae have a clearly divided S2 anterior carina, but Odontacolus anningae is mainly yellow in body color, contrasting with Odontacolus africanus which is completely dark brown.

This species is named after the great British fossil hunter Mary Anning. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

³⁶

Holotype female: CAMEROON: Nkoemvom, 18.IX.1988, Malaise trap, D. Jackson, OSUC 238445 (deposited in BMNH).

The female holotype is in perfect condition.

Female. Body length: 1.46 – 1.62 mm (n=5). Antenna color: completely yellow except distal half of clava slightly darker than remainder of antenna. Body color: mostly dark brown except posterior edge of metasomal terga yellowish. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, head appearing short and broad. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with weak rugulose-aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Shape of medial area of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: minute. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: greater than 1.5× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with rugulose sculpture mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of occipital carina: strongly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina; slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: transversely costate. Netrion: absent, obscured by longitudinal sculpture of lateral pronotum. Notaulus: present, with crenulae that extend completely through depth of furrow. Length of notaulus: approximately 2/5× length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: midtransverse area smooth, otherwise with cristate, longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, short, broad. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: smooth. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: meson and posterior margin smooth, otherwise longitudinally costate. Sculpture of T3: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, rounded, uninterrupted.

Male. Body length: 1. 39 mm (n=1). Body color: Antenna yellow as legs, metasoma light brown, head dark brown as mesosoma, fore wing with light infuscate color, no dark bands present. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: mesal area smooth, remainder with weakly coriaceous sculpture mixed with weak rugulose sculpture except upper 1/6 more rugulose than coriaceous. Shape and size of anterior ocellus: minute, very round. Vertex posterior area sculpture: with dense, small granulate sculpture. Occipital carina dorsal area: well-defined, conspicuously present. Netrion: practically absent by presence of longitudinal carinae on pronotal lateral areas. Sculpture of mesepisternum: mostly weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of pronotal lateral areas: with dense, fine, straight, transverse carinae. Length of fore wing stigmal vein: short. Angle of stigmal vein in relation to anterior margin of fore wing: at an angle of almost 90°. Sculpture of T2: medially smooth, sublateral areas with semi-curved longitudinal carinae.

This is one of two species within a group of taxa in which the netrion is obscured and its marginal crenulae are not well-defined, the mesoscutum is completely sculptured, the mesoscutellum is never with smooth areas, and has short, dense setation. Odontacolus australiensis can be separated from Odontacolus gallowayi by the deep impressed notauli that exhibit few sparse crenulae throughout their length in combination with its brown body color; Odontacolus gallowayi has a shallow notauli with dense crenulae throughout their length, and its body color is yellow.

This species is named after the collection locality of the species, Australia. The epithet is used as an adjective.

³⁸

On tree trunk of Eucalyptus stellulata Sieber (Myrtales: Myrtaceae).

Holotype female: AUSTRALIA: ACT, Canberra, 8.VII.1966, band trap, A. Wilson, OSUC 239116 (deposited in ANIC). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 22 females, 4 males, OSUC 239143 (AMSA); OSUC 239118–239128, 239142 (ANIC); OSUC 239129 (BMNH); OSUC 239133–239136, 239138–239141 (CNCI); OSUC 239131 (QDPC); OSUC 148638, 239130, 239132 (WINC). Other material: AUSTRALIA: 1 female, OSUC 239117 (WINC).

The holotype is in perfect condition; all paratypes are in good condition except for specimen OSUC 239143 which is missing the metasoma.

Female. Body length: 1.44 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: mainly yellow, T1 horn dark brown, anteromesal mesoscutum honey yellow. Coxae color: whitish yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): whitish yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly coriaceous throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, short (less than 1/3 of frons height). Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: coriaceous throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: small. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: smooth. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly, finely coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: densely, finely, longitudinally costate, weakly coriaceous sublaterally. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly costate sublaterally, weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise granulose. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: absent.

Male. Unknown.

This species is very similar to Odontacolus africanus and Odontacolus anningae but can be separated from them by the absence of the S2 anterior carina. Both Odontacolus africanus and Odontacolus anningae have a clearly divided S2 anterior carina.

This species is named after the amazing German biologist Karl Ernst von Baer. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

⁴⁰

Holotype female: AUSTRALIA: NT, Holmes Jungle, rainforest / litter, Q.M. Berlesate No. 93, Berrimah, 12°25'S, 130°55'E, 7.VII.1979, sieved litter, G. Monteith, OSUC 238430 (deposited in QMBA).

The female holotype is in perfect condition.

Female. Body length: 1.52 mm (n=1). Antenna color: A1–A2 honey yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: completely dark brown, metasoma lighter in color than head or mesosoma. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, head appearing short and broad. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with weak rugulose-aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: small. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: greater than 1.5× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with abundant areolate sculpture mixed with dense, fine granulae. Sculpture of occipital carina: strongly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with conspicuously elongate (clearly larger than crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: transversely costate. Netrion: absent, obscured by longitudinal sculpture of lateral pronotum. Notaulus: present, with crenulae that extend completely through depth of furrow. Length of notaulus: approximately 2/5× length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: distinctly widened (notaulus width greater than half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: longitudinally costate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: midtransverse area smooth, otherwise with cristate, longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, short, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: smooth. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: meson and posterior margin smooth, otherwise longitudinally costate. Sculpture of T3: smooth mesally, otherwise weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, rounded, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

This species may be distinguished from all others with an obscured netrion by the combination of the very wide notauli that have a few, broad and well-defined crenulae; the mesoscutum broadly smooth in its posterior half; and the mesoscutellum mesally with a smooth patch and its conspicuously long but somewhat sparse setae.

This species is named after our entomological colleague Dr Jo Berry from New Zealand. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

⁴²

Recorded as an egg parasitoid of Trite planiceps Simon (Araneae: Salticidae) in New Zealand.

Holotype female: NEW ZEALAND: Gisborne Unit. Auth., Gisborne Dist., grape vines / corrugated cardboard, Manutuke, 25.I.1990, J. G. Charles, OSUC 238563 (deposited in NZAC). Paratypes: (12 females) AUSTRALIA: 2 females, OSUC 239137 (CNCI); OSUC 238564 (QDPC). NEW ZEALAND: 9 females, OSUC 238528, 238537, 238544 (LUNZ); OSUC 238560 (OSUC); OSUC 238509, 238545, 238549, 238580, (NZAC); 238587 (WINC). NORFOLK ISLAND: 1 female, OSUC 238515 (ANIC).

The holotype is in perfect condition as are the remainder of the paratypes except for specimen OSUC 238564 which is covered with dust.

Female. Body length: 1.11 – 1.56 mm (n=20). Antenna color: clava and A2 light honey yellow, remainder of antenna yellow. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: with weak rugulose sculpture mixed with granulate sculpture. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with rugulose sculpture mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth, longitudinally carinate ventrally; mainly smooth, lower third sparsely longitudinally carinate.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: largely weakly coriaceous mixed with longitudinal costae, meson coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: anterior half coriaceous mesally, otherwise granulate. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

This species is very similar to Odontacolus markadicus, but can be distinguished by the completely dark brown body and the conspicuously crenulate lateral occipital carina. In Odontacolus markadicus the body color is yellow and the lateral occipital carina is mainly smooth.

This species is name after the amazing Bengali painter Nandalal Bose, recipient of the “Padma Vibhushan”. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

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Holotype female: INDIA: Karnataka St., Bangalore, 1.VII-10.VII.1988, pan trap, K. Ghorpade, OSUC 239193 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: (33 females) INDIA: 31 females, OSUC 238773-238779, 238784-238792, 238794-238802, 238807-238808, 239194 (CNCI); OSUC 238780-238781, 238783 (OSUC). MALAYSIA: 1 female, OSUC 239158 (CNCI). SRI LANKA: 1 female, OSUC 239204 (CNCI).

The holotype is in perfect condition as are most of the paratypes except for specimen OSUC 238789 which has the left fore wing glued to the point, and OSUC 238790 which has the metascutellum detached from the body.

Female. Body length: 1.65 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: mostly yellow, propodeum, propodeal anterior spines, T1 horn dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: with weak, sinuate, transverse ridges throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with abundant areolate sculpture mixed with dense, fine granulae sculpture. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: covered by sinuate, transverse, fine costae. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, with crenulae that extend completely through depth of furrow. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: rugulose throughout. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly with weak coriaceous sculpture, lower 1/3 without longitudinal costae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: transversely carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

The species Odontacolus cardaleae belongs to a group having the occipital carina separated from the orbital carina, a well-defined netrion, a central keel on the frons, and well-defined notauli. However, Odontacolus cardaleae is the only species in the group that has a few broad crenulae across the notauli and the antennal scrobes with transverse sinuate ridges. Odontacolus heydoni can be separated from Odontacolus cardaleae by its large ocelli (Fig. 40) and the short distance between the lateral ocellus and occipital carina (approximately 0.5× the ocellar diameter); Odontacolus cardaleae has small ocelli and the distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina is approximately 1.5× the ocellar diameter.

This species is named after Josephine Cardale, former collection manager of Hymenoptera at the ANIC, who collected this species. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

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Holotype female: AUSTRALIA: QLD, Shiptons Flat, 15°47'S, 145°14'E, 17.X–19.X.1980, Malaise trap, J. C. Cardale, OSUC 237936 (deposited in ANIC).

The holotype is in perfect condition.

Female. Body length: 1.22 – 1.78 mm (n=5). Antenna color: A1 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: head dark brown, mesosoma, T1 (except dorsal and posterior area of T1 horn dark brown), anterior 1/3 of T2 light orange, remainder of metasoma dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin.

Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus; present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: with sparse, fine, dorsoventral carinae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: coriaceous. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, not looking - linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: densely, finely granulate, posterior 1/4 more coarsely coriaceous. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: sparsely longitudinally costate.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly costate sublaterally, weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise granulose. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

This species is easily identified based on its unique color pattern; there is no other known species that has the head and metasoma black in combination with an orange mesosoma and yellow legs.

This species is named after the famed British biologist Charles Robert Darwin. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

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Holotype female: THAILAND: Nakhon Nayok Prov., behind vegetable garden, T149, Khao Yai National Park, 14°24.761'N, 101°22.815'E, 19.VII–26.VII.2006, Malaise trap, P. Sandao, OSUC 233092 (deposited in QSBG). Paratypes: (13 females) MALAYSIA: 3 females, OSUC 239206–239207 (CNCI); OSUC 239208 (WINC). THAILAND: 10 females, OSUC 247787, 339582, 339603 (OSUC); OSUC 250602, 339576, 339581, 339583, 339589 (QSBG); UCRC ENT 135102, 135138 (UCRC).

The holotype is in perfect condition. Paratype OSUC 250602 is smaller in size than other specimens, and also has the mesal area of T2 smooth, the anterior mesal area of T3 mainly smooth with the exception of some weak, sparse longitudinal costae contrasting with the rest of specimens in which the sculpturing of T3 is as follows: anterior third is weakly costate sublaterally, weakly coriaceous mesally but otherwise granulose. Specimen OSUC 339589 has the metasoma lighter in color than other specimens.

Female. Body length: 1.68 mm (n=1). Antenna color: clava and A2 light honey yellow, remainder of antenna yellow. Body color: head and metasoma beyond T1 dark brown, mesosoma and T1 honey yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, sparsely granulate ventrally. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: with sparse, short fan-like striae, striae not extending into scrobal area, mixed with weak coriaceous sculpture. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: slightly depressed. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: coriaceous. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: coarsely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: largely weakly coriaceous mixed with longitudinal costae, meson coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: anterior half weakly, longitudinally costate, coriaceous mesally, otherwise weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

This is the only known species that has a longitudinally depressed vertex. In the Neotropics there is one undescribed species (in CNCI) with a very conspicuous longitudinal depression on the vertex, but the general sculpture of the body is very different from Odontacolus dayi.

This species is named after the hymenopterist M. C. Day, now retired from the Natural History Museum, London. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

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Holotype female: INDONESIA: Maluku Prov., Ceram (Seram) Isl., Solea, VIII–1987, M. C. Day, OSUC 238418 (deposited in BMNH).

The holotype is in perfect condition.

Female. Body length: 1.49mm (n=2). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: completely yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, head appearing short and broad. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with weak rugulose-aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: small. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: greater than 1.5× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with abundant areolate sculpture mixed with dense, fine granulae. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: weakly sinuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely covered by longitudinal costae except upper 1/5 foveate. Netrion: absent, obscured by longitudinal sculpture of lateral pronotum. Notaulus: present, with low crenulae that do not extend through depth of furrow. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: sparsely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, short, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: smooth. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: largely longitudinally costate, meson smooth, weakly granulate laterally. Sculpture of T3: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, rounded, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

This is one of two species within a group of taxa that has an obscured netrion, notaular crenulae poorly defined, and the mesoscutum completely sculptured (without smooth areas) and entirely covered by short, abundant setae. Odontacolus australiensis can be separated from Odontacolus gallowayi by the deep impressed notauli that exhibit few sparse crenulae throughout their length in combination with its brown body color; Odontacolus gallowayi has a shallow notauli with dense crenulae throughout its length, and its body color is yellow.

This species is named after the Australian hymenopterist I. D. Galloway. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case

⁵²

Holotype female: AUSTRALIA: QLD, via Julatten, Mount Lewis, 28.III.1976, I. D. Galloway, OSUC 238000 (deposited in QMBA). Paratype: AUSTRALIA: 1 female, OSUC 237999 (QDPC).

The holotype is in perfect condition; the paratype has the right hind wing and metasoma detached but glued to a card point.

Female. Body length: 1.88 mm (n=1). Antenna color: A1 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: head yellow, mesosoma mostly yellow, mesoscutum anteromesally and posterolaterally dark honey yellow, metasoma mainly dark honey yellow, sublateral areas of T3 yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: less than 0.5× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: conspicuously present (approximately 0.4× of malar sulcus length). Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: smooth or nearly so. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: anterior half coriaceous, otherwise densely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: longitudinally costate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: transversely costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly with weak coriaceous sculpture, lower 1/3 with sparse longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate, posterior margin smooth. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

This species can be easily distinguished from all other Odontacolus species based on the large and conspicuous lagrimal in combination with the occipital carina which is almost touching the orbital carina.

This species is named after the Genting Tea Estate, Malaysia from where the species was collected. The epithet is used as an adjective.

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Holotype female: MALAYSIA: Pahang St., Genting Tea Estate, 2000ft, VII–1985–VIII–1985, Malaise trap, W. Budenberg, OSUC 237935 (deposited in CNCI).

The holotype is in perfect condition.

Female. Body length: 2.38 mm (n=1). Antenna color: A1 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: with weak, sinuate, transverse ridges throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with weak rugulose-aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of malar space: weakly rugulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with abundant areolate sculpture mixed with dense, fine granulae. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: weakly punctate, smooth posteroventrally. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: depressed. Lateral propodeal area: coarsely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex sharply acute. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: longitudinally costate on weakly coriaceous background. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: sparsely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly with weak coriaceous sculpture, lower 1/3 without longitudinal costae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate, posterior margin smooth. Sculpture of T3: anterior two-thirds longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: weakly, longitudinally costate mixed with setigerous punctulae. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, interrupted medially.

Male. Unknown.

This species can be distinguished from all other Odontacolus in which the netrion is present and the occipital carina almost touches the orbital carina by the interrupted S2 anterior carina, and the depressed posteromesal area of the mesoscutellum.

This species is named after the African country from which it was collected. The epithet is used as an adjective.

⁵⁶

Holotype female: GUINEA: Lola Pref., rainforest, Mount Nimba, 07°41 – 42'N, 08°23'W, 514–740m, XII–1990–III–1991, flight intercept trap, L. Leblanc, OSUC 237933 (deposited in CNCI).

The holotype is in perfect condition.

Female. Body length: 1.75 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely dark brown. Body color: head and metasoma honey yellow except for T1 horn which is darker than remainder of metasoma color, mesosoma yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, head appearing short and broad. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly rugulose throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, short (less than 1/3 of frons height). Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: coriaceous throughout. Sculpture of malar space: weakly rugulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: weakly rugulose mixed with granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex rounded. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: transversely carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, interrupted medially.

Male. Unknown.

Odontacolus hackeri can be distinguished from all other Australian Odontacolus species by the short, smooth notauli; a well-defined netrion; a central keel being present, sculptured antennal scrobe; a short, broad T1 horn which has conspicuously transverse carinae on its posterior face; and by the flat vertex.

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Holotype female, Ceratobaeoides hackeri: AUSTRALIA: QLD, among undergrowth, Brisbane, 26.IV.1913, H. Hacker, QMBA HY1630 (deposited in QMBA).

The holotype is slide mounted and partly destroyed (Figs 155–160).

Female. Body length: 1.50 mm (n=1). Antenna color: A1–A5 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: head and body honey yellow, metasoma mainly dark honey yellow, T1 (except horn) and most of T3 yellow. Coxae color: honey yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): honey yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, head appearing short and broad. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: covered by sinuate, transverse, fine costae. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae not extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: minute. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: greater than 1.5× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with sparse punctate sculpture mixed with dense, fine granulae. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: weakly sinuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: only with weakly rugulose sculpture.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), weakly defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: transversely costate. Netrion: absent, obscured by longitudinal sculpture of lateral pronotum. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately 0.5× length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: granulose, posteriorly with conspicuous smooth areas. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth or nearly so. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: midtransverse area smooth, otherwise with cristate, longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, short, broad. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: smooth. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: meson and posterior margin smooth, otherwise longitudinally costate. Sculpture of T3: coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, rounded, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

This species can be separated from all other species with an obscured netrion by the subtriangular area below the eyes (seen in anterior view) that narrows towards the mandibles, unsculptured notauli, and non-ornamented occipital carina.

This species is named after our colleague and arachnologist Dr Mark Harvey from the Western Australian Museum, who also manages to collect numerous parasitic Hymenoptera. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

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Holotype female: AUSTRALIA: WA, airport site, PA 5, Perth, 31°58'03"S, 115°58'11"E, 11.XI–6.I.1994, pitfall trap, J. M. Waldock, K. Goodsell & J. Webb, OSUC 237921 (deposited in WAMP). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 12 females, OSUC 237917 (OSUC); OSUC 237918–237919, 237922–237929 (WAMP); OSUC 237930 (WINC).

The holotype is in good condition except for the right wings which are missing. The paratypes are in good condition except OSUC 237919 which has the metasoma detached and glued to the wings.

In some female specimens the color of the mesoscutum varies from completely yellow to almost completely brown. Additionally, the color of the lateral portions of the T1 horn may vary from completely yellow to almost completely light brown.

Female. Body length: 1.40 – 1.82 mm (n=3). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: head and mesosoma dark brown, T1 almost completely honey yellow, metasoma otherwise brown, lighter in color than head or mesosoma. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly rugulose throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with weak rugulose-aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of malar space: with weak rugulose sculpture mixed with granulate sculpture. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: less than 0.5× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with abundant areolate sculpture mixed with dense, fine granulae. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: weakly sinuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: absent. Length of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Width of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: weakly rugulose mixed with granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: anterior two-thirds longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: absent.

Male. Unknown.

This species can be distinguished from the other species from Fiji, all of which lack notauli, by the convex mesosoma, and the short distance between the posterior ocellus and occipital carina (approximately 0.5× the ocellar diameter).

This species is named after our friend and colleague Dr John Heraty, from the University of California, Riverside. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

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Holotype female: FIJI: Western Div., Ba Prov., Viti Levu Isl., Eteni, FJ_11a, Navai, 17°37'S, 177°59'E, 700m, 15.V–2.VII.2003, malaise trap, M. Irwin, E. Schlinger & M. Tokota’a, FBA029316 (deposited in BPBM). Paratypes: FIJI: 3 females, FBA014379, FBA041608 (BPBM); OSUC 237934 (CNCI).

The holotype and paratypes are in perfect condition.

Female. Body length: 1.69 – 1.98 mm (n=3). Antenna color: completely yellow except distal half of clava slightly darker than remainder of antenna. Body color: mostly yellow, distal half of T1, margins and mesal areas of T2–T3, T4–T6 honey yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: coriaceous throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: coriaceous. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

Odontacolus heydoni belongs to a group of species that has the occipital carina separated from the orbital carina, a well-defined netrion, a central keel on the frons, and well-defined notauli. Along with Odontacolus cardaleae it is the only species in the group that has a few, broad crenulae across the notauli and the antennal scrobes with transverse sinuate ridges. Odontacolus heydoni can be separated from Odontacolus cardaleae by its large ocelli (Fig. 40) and the short distance between the lateral ocellus and occipital carina (approximately 0.5× ocellar diameter); Odontacolus cardaleae has small ocelli and the distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina is approximately 1.5× the ocellar diameter.

This species is named after Dr Steve Heydon at the Bohart Museum, who collected this magnificent species. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

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Holotype female: MALAYSIA: Sarawak St., Borneo Isl., SW of Mount Buda, 04°13'N, 114°56'E, 22.XI–28.XI.1996, Malaise trap, S. Heydon, OSUC 239203 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: THAILAND: 2 females, OSUC 238768 (CNCI); OSUC 268731 (OSUC).

The holotype is in perfect condition as are the paratypes except for OSUC 238768 which has the right antenna missing. Some specimens have the body color completely yellow and without darker areas on the metasomal terga.

Female. Body length: 1.04 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: head and mesosoma dark brown, metasoma honey yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly granulose throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, short (less than 1/3 of frons height). Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: with weak rugulose sculpture mixed with granulate sculpture. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: weakly sinuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), weakly defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, well-developed, not looking linear. Notaulus: absent. Length of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Width of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: longitudinally costate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: smooth. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: meson and posterior margin smooth, otherwise longitudinally costate. Sculpture of T3: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: mainly smooth, with sparse, setigerous punctulae. S2 anterior carina: absent.

Male. Unknown.

This species can be distinguished from Odontacolus veroae by the cicatrose sculpture on the posterior sublateral areas of the mesoscutum, the remainder of the sclerite having dense, weak, granulate sculpture; and the large body size (1.47–1.71 mm). Additionally, within the Fijian group of species, Odontacolus irwini can be separated from Odontacolus heratyi by the wider space between the occipital carina and the ocular carina, and from Odontacolus schlingeri by the convex mesosoma.

This species is named after the dipterist Dr Mike Irwin, who collected the type series. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

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Holotype female: FIJI: Western Div., Ba Prov., Viti Levu Isl., Eteni, FJ_11D, Navai, 17°37'S, 177°59'E, 700m, 24.X–8.XI.2003, Malaise trap, M. Irwin, E. Schlinger & M. Tokota’a, FBA021030 (deposited in BPBM). Paratypes: FIJI: 3 females, FBA014433 (BPBM), FBA059072 (FNIC); FBA074688 (OSUC).

The holotype is in perfect condition as are the paratypes.

Female. Body length: 1.75 – 1.78 mm (n=2). Antenna color: A1 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: honey yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): legs yellow with hind femora honey yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, sparsely granulate ventrally. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with weak rugulose-aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of malar space: with sparse, short fan-like striae, striae not extending into scrobal area, mixed with weak coriaceous sculpture. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: contiguous or nearly so, subequal to width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: dorsally punctate, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: coarsely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex sharply acute. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly, finely coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: finely longitudinally costate, granulate laterally. Sculpture of T3: smooth mesally, area flanking mesal smooth area weakly costate in anterior third, otherwise weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: S3 weakly granulose, S4–S6 weakly, finely coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, interrupted medially.

Male. Unknown.

Within the group of species with a netrion present, the occipital carina almost touching the orbital carina, and having a sculptured gena, Odontacolus jacksonae can be separated from Odontacolus gentingensis by having a reduced lagrimal; in Odontacolus gentingensis the lagrimal is larger and very conspicuous.

This species is named after Ms Dorothy Jackson, who collected Hymenoptera for the BMNH in Cameroon, including this species. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

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Holotype female: CAMEROON: Nkoemvom, IV-1980–V-1980, D. Jackson, OSUC 238415 (deposited in BMNH). Paratypes: (17 females) CAMEROON: 13 females, OSUC 238414, 238416, 238432–238433, 238440–238441, 238443, 321892–321893, 321896(BMNH); OSUC 321898(WINC); OSUC 238420, 238434 (CNCI). GUINEA: 2 females, OSUC 238417 (BMNH); OSUC 238431 (CNCI). MADAGASCAR: 2 females, CASENT 2079143 (CASC); OSUC 229796 (OSUC).

The holotype is in perfect condition as are the paratypes.

Female. Body length: 1.68 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: dark brown. Leg color (excluding coxae): honey yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges.Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, short (less than 1/3 of frons height). Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: weakly rugulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: coriaceous. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly with weak coriaceous sculpture, lower 1/3 without longitudinal costae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on weak coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: S3 weakly granulose, S4–S6 weakly, finely coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: absent.

Male. Unknown.

Odontacolus kiau is very similar to Odontacolus whitfieldi, but the former lacks an anterior transverse carina on S2; Odontacolus whitfieldi has this carina complete and cristate. Thesespecies belong to a group that have short, smooth notauli, a well-defined netrion, a central keel on the frons, and the sculpture of the frons always has transverse costae. Additionally, Odontacolus kiau can be separated from Odontacolus mayri by the dark brown coxae and the slightly bulging torular triangle observed on the former; in Odontacolus mayri the coxae are yellow and the torular triangle is flat.

This species is named after the East New Britain word ‘kiau’ (in Kuanua language) which means ‘egg’, and refers to the stage of the host parasitized by Odontacolus. The name is used as a noun in apposition.

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Holotype female: PAPUA NEW GUINEA: East New Britain Prov., DPI base camp, Baining Mountains, 04°26.36'S, 151°49.02'E, 28.X–11.XI.1999, flight intercept trap, A. Mararuai & M. Kalamen, OSUC 239159 (deposited in CNCI).

The holotype is in perfect condition.

Female. Body length: 1.19 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: head and metasoma honey yellow except for T1 horn which is darker than remainder of metasoma color, mesosoma yellow. Coxae color: whitish yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: completely absent. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), weakly defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: longitudinally costate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: largely weakly coriaceous mixed with longitudinal costae, meson coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: smooth mesally, otherwise weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

Along with Odontacolus wallacei this is the only other species without a medial facial keel in combination with a well-defined netrion, and the occipital carina being separated from the orbital carina. Odontacolus lamarcki can be separated from Odontacolus wallacei by the short distance between the occipital carina and the lateral ocellus (approximately less than or equal to 0.6× ocellus diameter); in Odontacolus wallacei the distance between the occipital carina and the lateral ocellus is approximately equal to or greater than 1.2×.

This species is named after the great French zoologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

⁷²

Holotype female: THAILAND: Phetchabun Prov., mixed deciduous forest, T1398, Khao Kho National Park, 16°39.589'N, 101°08.185'E, 168m, 19.I–26.I.2007, Malaise trap, S. Chachumnan & S. Singtong, OSUC 339597 (deposited in QSBG).

The holotype specimen is in good condition.

Female. Body length: 1.29 mm (n=1). Antenna color: A1 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: mostly dark brown, head and dorsal mesosoma darker than remainder of body, T1 and anterior margin of T2 yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: completely absent. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: coriaceous. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: weakly coriaceous. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: longitudinally costate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth; with strong, oblique ridges laterally. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: smooth. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: mainly smooth, with sparse, setigerous punctulae. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

This species can be easily separated from all other Odontacolus with smooth, short notauli and a well-developed netrion by the combination of the completely dark brown body, the nearly smooth posterior portion of the mesoscutum (between the notaulus and tegula), and the nearly smooth posterior 1/3 and mesal region of the mesoscutellum.

⁷⁴

Holotype female: SEYCHELLES: Mahé Island, 1908–1909, B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.400 (deposited in BMNH).

The holotype is in good condition except that the right hind wing and right antenna are detached from body and glued to the point.

Female. Body length: 1.25 mm (n=2). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: largely smooth, with sparse coriaceous sculpture close to compound eyes. Sculpture of malar space: largely smooth, coriaceous sculpture present near compound eyes (somewhat weak). Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: small. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: coriaceous. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: coriaceous dorsally, otherwise smooth.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: coriaceous. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: weakly coriaceous. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate, posterior margin smooth. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: mainly smooth, with sparse, setigerous punctulae. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

This species can be distinguished from all other Odontacolus species by the combination of the completely smooth gena, the well-defined netrion, the presence of notauli, and the confused, dense rugulose sculpture of the lateral propodeum.

This species is named after the island from which the species was collected, Madagascar. The epithet is used as an adjective.

⁷⁶

Holotype female: MADAGASCAR: Fianarantsoa Auto. Prov., Belle Vue trail, Ranomafana National Park, 21°15.99'S, 47°25.21'E, 1070m, 10.XII–25.XII.1999, Malaise trap, M. E. Irwin, OSUC 238728 (deposited in CASC). Paratype: MADAGASCAR: 1 female, CASENT 2134814 (CASC).

The holotype and paratype are in perfect condition.

Female. Body length: 1.15 – 1.72 mm (n=15). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: head, mesosoma, T1 (except horn), anterior portion of T2 yellow, metasoma otherwise dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout; weakly coriaceous throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: coriaceous throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: distinctly widened; narrow. Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly smooth, lower third sparsely longitudinally carinate.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: finely longitudinally costate, granulate laterally. Sculpture of T3: anterior two-thirds weakly longitudinally costate, posterior third weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise densely granulose. Sculpture of S3–S6: S3 weakly granulose, S4–S6 weakly, finely coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Body length: 1.45 mm (n=1). Body color: completely yellow. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: with weak coriaceous sculpture except dorsal area with sinuate, transverse carina below anterior ocellus. Shape and size of anterior ocellus: large, oblong. Vertex posterior area sculpture: densely granulate. Occipital carina dorsal area: present, cristate. Netrion: well-defined, suboval. Sculpture of mesepisternum: coriaceous. Sculpture of pronotal lateral areas: with few, straight, fine transvers carinae. Length of fore wing stigmal vein: conspicuously elongate. Angle of stigmal vein in relation to anterior margin of fore wing: at an angle of approximately 45°. Sculpture of T2: with weak longitudinal carinae mixed with weak coriaceous sculpture.

This species is very similar to Odontacolus bosei and Odontacolus mot. Odontacolus markadicus may be distinguished from Odontacolus bosei bythe yellow body color and the lateral occipital carina which is mainly smooth; in Odontacolus bosei by the body is completely dark brown and the lateral portion of the occipital carina is conspicuously crenulate. In turn, Odontacolus markadicus may be separated from Odontacolus mot by its smaller size (1.74 mm or less vs. 1.92 mm), the different sculpture on the upper frons (absent or fine and straight carinae as opposed to broad, sinuate carinae), and by the even distribution of setae on the metasoma.

⁷⁸

Not examined: Holotype, female, INDIA: Karnataka: Bengaluru: Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, 29.xii.2009 at an elevation of 910m (13°2'3"N, 77°35'18"E) emerged from spider eggs (ICAR); Paratypes: 8 females, data same as holotype (ICAR, INCP); 1 male Karnataka: Bengaluru: Adugodi, 23.vi. 2011 (12°56'49"N, 77°36'37"E) (ICAR).

28 females, 1 male: BRUNEI: 1 female, OSUC 321894 (BMNH). INDIA: 15 females, OSUC 238769–238770, 238772, 239190–239192, 239195–239197, 239199–239201 (CNCI); OSUC 238771, 239198, 239202 (OSUC). MALAYSIA: 3 females, OSUC 238767, 239209, 239213 (CNCI). THAILAND: 7 females, 1 male, OSUC 238803–238805, 239212 (CNCI); OSUC 261831, 261852, 268732(OSUC); OSUC 321806 (WINC). VIETNAM: 2 females, OSUC 239211 (CNCI); OSUC 248896 (ROME).

We were unable to obtain any of the type series, and so our interpretation of Odontacolus markadicus is based on comparision of the additional material (listed above) with the images and description in Veenakumari and Mohanraj (2011) as well as images kindly sent to us by our colleague Dr Rajmohana K.

When taking all of the available material into account some variation is evident in the females of this species: the antennal clava can be completely yellow or the distal half of the clava slightly darker, and the vertex and mesoscutum vary from completely yellow to slightly honey yellow in color. In addition, the specimens: OSUC 239209, OSUC 239211– 239213, OSUC 238767, OSUC 238803-238805, OSUC 248896, OSUC 250858, OSUC 261831, OSUC 261852, OSUC 268732, OSUC 321806 and OSUC 321894 differ from the remaining material by having the body completely yellow, but otherwise they match Odontacolus markadicus in every respect.

Female. Body length: 1.40 – 1.90 mm (n=14). Antenna color: completely yellow except distal half of clava slightly darker than remainder of antenna. Body color: mainly yellow, T5–T7 slightly darker. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges.Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: weakly rugulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, well-developed, not looking linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly smooth, lower third sparsely longitudinally carinate.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: largely longitudinally costate, meson smooth, weakly granulate laterally. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly costate sublaterally, weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise granulose. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

Thisspecies belongs to a group that has short, smooth notauli, a well-defined netrion, central keel present, and sculptured antennal scrobe always with transverse costae in the background. Within this group Odontacolus mayri can be separated from Odontacolus kiau and Odontacolus whitfieldi by its completely yellow body and the weakly granulose sculpture of the mesoscutum.

Etymology. This species is named after the German biologist Ernst Walter Mayr. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

⁸⁰

Holotype female: THAILAND: Prachuap Khiri Khan Prov., Laem Sala Beach, T3012, Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, 12°12.234'N, 100°00.767'E, 6.VII–13.VII.2008, Malaise trap, Amnad & Yai, OSUC 321876 (deposited in QSBG). Paratypes: (13 females) INDONESIA: 1 female, OSUC 321895 (BMNH). THAILAND: 12 females, OSUC 339596, 339599 (CNCI); OSUC 268733, 321872, 321874, 374179 (OSUC); OSUC 250611, 250857–250858, 250860, 266235(QSBG); OSUC 339595 (WINC).

The holotype is in perfect condition.

Female. Body length: 1.92 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: head, mesosoma, T1 (except horn), anterior portion of T2 yellow, metasoma otherwise dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: covered by sinuate, transverse, fine costae. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: present, well-defined but small (length less than 0.3 of malar sulcus length). Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly smooth, lower third sparsely longitudinally carinate.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate, posterior margin smooth. Sculpture of T3: anterior two-thirds weakly longitudinally costate, posterior third weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise densely granulose. Sculpture of S3–S6: S3 weakly granulose, S4–S6 weakly, finely coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

This species is very similar to Odontacolus markadicus; however, Odontacolus mot differs from it by the larger body size (1.92 mm vs. 1.74 mm or less), the broader transverse sinuate carinae on the upper frons (in Odontacolus markadicus the sculpturing is completely absent or if present then the carinae are thin and straighter than in Odontacolus mot), and by the denser and less evenly distributed setae on the metasoma. Additionally, T2 in Odontacolus mot is more quadrate, while it is more elongate and less broad posteriorly in Odontacolus markadicus.

The name of this species is an arbitrary combination of letters and is used as a noun in apposition.

⁸²

Holotype female: INDIA: Tamil Nadu St., Coimbatore, 7.XI.1979, Boucek, OSUC 239205 (deposited in BMNH).

The holotype is in perfect condition. The differences between Odontacolus mot and Odontacolus markadicus could be associated with the difference in body size. However, since Odontacolus mot also differs in metasomal setation and sculpture, we have chosen to treat them as separate species until additional material of Odontacolus mot is available.

Female. Body length: 1.54 – 1.83 mm (n=2). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: mostly yellow, T1 horn and T4–T6 dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: reduced, approximately less than or equal to 1/3× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: coriaceous throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: coriaceous throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: coriaceous. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, with crenulae that extend completely through depth of furrow. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth; longitudinally costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly with weak coriaceous sculpture, lower 1/3 without longitudinal costae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: anterior half weakly longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous, microsculpture strongest medially. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

This is the only species of Odontacolus that has the compound eyes unusually small, approximately 1/3 of the height of the head.

This species is named after our friend and colleague, the chalcid specialist and great insect collector Dr John Noyes from the Natural History Museum, London. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

⁸⁴

Holotype female: INDIA: Karnataka St., Bannerghatta National Park, 5.XI.1979, Bouček & Noyes, OSUC 237932 (deposited in BMNH). Paratype: INDONESIA: 1 female, OSUC 237931 (CNCI).

The holotype has the left legs separate and glued to the point. Otherwise it is in good condition. The paratype in perfect condition: it has the metasoma completely honey yellow and the remainder of the body, including the legs, yellow.

Female. Body length: 1.06 – 1.25 mm (n=7). Antenna color: antennal clava dark brown, otherwise yellow. Body color: mostly dark brown, T1 (except dark brown horn) and anterior portion of T2 yellow. Coxae color: honey yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: basal half hyaline, otherwise weakly infuscate.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: largely smooth, with sparse, weak, fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: minute. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: greater than 1.5× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: coriaceous dorsally, otherwise smooth.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: transversely costate. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: coriaceous. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth or nearly so. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, short, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: smooth. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: meson and posterior margin smooth, otherwise longitudinally costate. Sculpture of T3: sublaterally weakly longitudinally costate in anterior third, otherwise smooth. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, rounded, uninterrupted.

Male. Body length: 1.27 – 1.30 mm (n= 3). Body color: antenna yellow as legs and T1, remainder of metasoma dark brown as dorsal mesosoma as head, remainder of body dark honey yellow. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: with weakly sinuate, fine, weak dorsoventral carinae, except area below anterior ocellus with granulate sculpture. Shape and size of anterior ocellus: minute, very round. Vertex posterior area sculpture: dense granulate sculpture. Occipital carina dorsal area: cristate, conspicuously present. Netrion: well-defined, suboval, broad longitudinal carinae present before netrion. Sculpture of mesepisternum: absent (smooth). Sculpture of pronotal lateral areas: with few, sinuate, transverse carinae. Length of fore wing stigmal vein: conspicuously elongate. Angle of stigmal vein in relation to anterior margin of fore wing: at an angle of approximately 45°. Sculpture of T2: mesal area smooth, remainder of tergum with weak longitudinal carinae.

Odontacolus pintoi can be distinguished from all other species that have an obscured netrion in combination with the elongate and broad ventral portion of the head (below the eyes in anterior view) (Fig. 243) by the mostly smooth gena (shiny, sometimes with large coriaceous sculpture present but restricted to upper 1/3), and the smooth antennal scrobe (except for the presence of a central keel).

This species is named after the trichogrammatid specialist Dr John Pinto, formerly of the University of California, Riverside. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

⁸⁶

Specimens from South Australia have been reared from eggs of Clubiona cycladata Simon (Araneae: Clubionidae) under the bark of eucalypt trees (recorded as Odontacolus sp. in Austin 1984 & Austin 1985).

Holotype female: AUSTRALIA: WA, Fitzgerald River National Park, 33°41.6'S, 119°42.9'E, 17.X.2002, yellow pan trap, J. Pinto, OSUC 239098 (deposited in WAMP). Paratypes: (79 females, 4 males) AUSTRALIA: 54 females, 4 males, OSUC 239044–239054, 239064–239067, 239069, 239075–239076, 239090, 239097, 239103 (ANIC); OSUC 239085–239088 (BMNH); OSUC 238542, 239072, 239100–239102 (CNCI); OSUC 239099 (OSUC); OSUC 239070–239071, 239073–239074, 239096, 239106–239107, 239109–239115 (QDPC); OSUC 239055–239063, 239092–239095 (WINC). NEW ZEALAND: 8 females, OSUC 239082 (LUNZ); OSUC 239077–239081, 239083–239084 (NZAC). NORFOLK ISLAND: 17 females, OSUC 239031–239042, 239068, 239089, 239104–239105 (ANIC); OSUC 239091 (QDPC). Other material: AUSTRALIA: 1 female, OSUC 239043 (ANIC).

The holotype is in perfect condition; the paratypes are for the most part in very good condition except for OSUC 239063 and OSUC 239074 which have the heads detached from body and glued to the point, and OSUC 239046 which is missing the metasoma. Some females have a different color pattern in that the whole body is dark brown with the anterior edge of T1 (except the horn), T2 and the legs yellow.

Female. Body length: 1.47 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely whitish yellow. Body color: head and mesosoma dark brown, head lighter in color than mesosoma, metasoma mostly whitish yellow, T1 dark honey yellow, T2 light honey yellow anteriorly. Coxae color: whitish yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): whitish yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly granulose throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, short (less than 1/3 of frons height). Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: weakly sinuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: with weak rugulose sculpture and granulate background sculpture.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: conspicuously flattened. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: absent. Length of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Width of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose, carinae thin in shape. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: rugulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: longitudinally costate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: smooth. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: smooth. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: absent.

Male. Unknown.

This species can be distinguished from all other Odontacolus species lacking notauli by the conspicuous dorsoventrally depressed mesosoma.

This species is named after the dipteran expert Dr Evert Schlinger, collector of this species. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

⁸⁸

Holotype female: FIJI: Central Div., Rewa Prov., Viti Levu Isl., 3.8km N Veisari Settlement, MT2, logging road to Waivudawa, 18.079°S, 178.363°E, 300m, 12.XII–3.I.2003, Malaise trap, Schlinger & Tokota’a, FBA104329 (deposited in BPBM).

The holotype is in perfect condition.

Female. Body length: 1.28 – 1.60 mm (n=9). Antenna color: A1 lighter in color than remainder of dark brown antennomeres. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: dark brown. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges.Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: present. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: upper 1/3 granulose, lower 1/3 with transverse foveae, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: coarsely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across half width. Metapleural sculpture: midtransverse area smooth, otherwise with cristate, longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: smooth. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: largely weakly coriaceous mixed with longitudinal costae, meson coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly costate sublaterally, weakly coriaceous mesally, otherwise granulose. Sculpture of S3–S6: S3 weakly granulose, S4–S6 weakly, finely coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

This is the only known species to have a furrow at the lateral areas of the antennal scrobes in combination with a completely dark brown body.

This species is named after our friend and colleague, hymenopterist Dr Mike Sharkey from the University of Kentucky. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

⁹⁰

Holotype female: THAILAND: Chanthaburi Prov., Prabad Unit, 120m to bridge, T3957, Khao Khitchakut National Park, 12°49.15'N, 102°07.13'E, 219m, 16.X–23.X.2008, Malaise trap, Sutthida & Charoenchai, OSUC 321869 (deposited in QSBG). Paratypes: THAILAND: 26 females, OSUC 339587 (CNCI); OSUC 339588, 339590–339592, 339598, 339600–339601, 339604–339605, 339607, 374180 (OSUC); OSUC 247710, 250612, 251977, 261748, 321867–321868, 321870–321871, 321873, 321887, 339577, 339579, 339586 (QSBG); OSUC 336787 (WINC).

The holotype is in perfect condition except for the left antenna which is detached from the body but glued to the point; the paratype specimens are in good condition.

Female. Body length: 1.09 – 1.63 mm (n=20). Antenna color: antennal clava dark brown, otherwise yellow; distal 2/3 of antennal clava dark brown, otherwise yellow. Body color: mainly yellow, except for occiput, mesoscutum midanterior and lateral areas and mesepisternum lower area dark brown, T1 horn black, and T4–T6 honey yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: completely hyaline.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly rugulose throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: weakly rugulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: small. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: coriaceous. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: weakly rugulose mixed with granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: rugulose throughout. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly, finely coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: sparsely longitudinally costate.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: anterior half weakly, longitudinally costate, coriaceous mesally, otherwise weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Unknown.

Odontacolus spinosus can be separated from all other Australian Odontacolus species by the short and unsculptured notauli in combination with a well-defined netrion, central keel present on the frons, sculptured antennal scrobes, small lateral ocelli, and the long distance between the lateral ocellus and the occipital carina, approximately 1.2× the ocellus diameter.

⁹²

Holotype female, Ceratobaeoides longiceps: AUSTRALIA: QLD, among undergrowth, Brisbane, 26.IV.1913, H. Hacker, QMBA HY1631 (deposited in QMBA). Holotype female, Ceratobaeoides spinosus: AUSTRALIA: QLD, forest, Childers, 2.VII.1914, sweeping, A. P. Dodd, SAMA DB 32-001530 (deposited in SAMA). Other material: AUSTRALIA: 31 females, OSUC 239167, 239173, 239180, 239182 (ANIC); OSUC 239153, 239165–239166, 239174, 239177, 239184, 339575 (CNCI); OSUC 239188 (OSUC); OSUC 238011, 239015, 239154, 239164, 239168–239172, 239175–239176, 239179, 239183, 239185–239186 (QDPC); OSUC 239017 (QMBA); UCRC ENT 171076–171077 (UCRC); OSUC 239189 (WINC).

The holotype of Odontacolus spinosus has the head and most of the wings detached from the body; the head and first pair of legs are glued to the point; the remainder of the legs has the distal tarsomeres missing. The holotype of Odontacolus doddi is slide mounted and the specimen was partly destroyed in the process.

The following color variations occur in this species: the body ranges from yellow with the tips of the propodeal spines and T1 horn dark brown to mostly dark brown with the posterior area of the mesoscutum and mesoscutellum light yellow. The occipital carina of the specimens OSUC 239180 and OSUC 239173 is present but very fine which renders it difficult to see; in all other specimens it is well developed. The sculpture also varies between the anterior propodeal spines, from being completely smooth to completely punctate in some specimens with darker color (i.e. OSUC 239165, 265167, 239170–239172). The sculpture of the mesal portion of T2 varies from in the development of the costae. In any case there is always coriaceous background sculpture.

Female. Body length: 1.47 – 1.71 mm (n=3). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly granulose throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: granulose throughout. Sculpture of malar space: granulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: large. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: contiguous or nearly so, subequal to width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: uncertain, with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: absent. Length of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Width of notaulus: not applicable, notauli absent. Sculpture of mesoscutum: rugulose, mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly with weak coriaceous sculpture, lower 1/3 without longitudinal costae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: smooth. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: largely weakly coriaceous mixed with longitudinal costae, meson coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: absent.

Male. Unknown.

The species Odontacolus veroae is very similar to Odontacolus irwini but can be distinguished from it by the cicatrose sculpture of the posterior sublateral portions of the mesoscutum, the remainder of the mesoscutum having dense, weak, granulate sculpture; and the large body size (1.47–1.71 mm) of Odontacolus irwini. Additionally, within the Fijian species, Odontacolus irwini can be separated from Odontacolus heratyi by the larger space between the occipital carina and the ocular carina, and from Odontacolus schlingeri by the convex mesosoma.

This species is named after Veronica Valerio, sister of the first author. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

⁹⁴

Holotype female: FIJI: Northern Div., Cakaudrove Prov., Taveuni Isl., FJ-9, Devo Forest Reserve, 16°50'S, 179°59'E, 800m, 3.I–10.I.2003, malaise trap, M. Irwin, E. Schlinger & M. Tokota’a, FBA042201 (deposited in BPBM). Paratypes: FIJI: 13 females, FBA030104, FBA030106, FBA030114, FBA081512, FBA081515, FBA084170 (BPBM); FBA021043, FBA039550, FBA049221 (CNCI); FBA014430, FBA104362 (FNIC); FBA081513, FBA182160 (OSUC).

The holotype has all but one leg missing, but otherwise is in perfect condition; the paratypes are in good condition. The color of the metasoma varies from completely dark brown (matching the color of the head and mesosoma) to being conspicuously lighter than the head and mesosoma. The color of the antenna may vary from yellow to brown.

Female. Body length: 1.01 – 1.64 mm (n=9). Antenna color: A1 yellow, otherwise dark brown. Body color: head and mesosoma yellow, metasoma honey yellow with T1 horn dark brown, T3 whitish yellow, T4–T6 darker in color than T1–T2. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: weakly coriaceous throughout. Surface of torular triangle: flat. Development of central keel on frons: completely absent. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: coriaceous throughout. Sculpture of malar space: coriaceous throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: minute. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: greater than 1.5× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: largely smooth, dorsal margin with dense, weak punctulae. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: finely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: with weak, fine, granulate sculpture. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: with sparse, broad, smooth costate sculpture reaching just half of its width. Metapleural sculpture: mainly with weak coriaceous sculpture, lower 1/3 with sparse longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: anterior 2/3 longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous. Sculpture of T3: coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, interrupted medially.

Male. Body length: 1.53 mm (n=1). Body color: yellow except anteromedian area of mesoscutum trough anterior 2/3 of its length honey-yellow. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: mainly smooth medially throughout height, remainder with coriaceous sculpture. Shape and size of anterior ocellus: large, round. Vertex posterior area sculpture: densely granulose. Occipital carina dorsal area: cristate, conspicuously present. Netrion: well-defined, suboval. Sculpture of mesepisternum: absent (smooth). Sculpture of pronotal lateral areas: with dense, thin longitudinal carinae. Length of fore wing stigmal vein: conspicuously elongate. Angle of stigmal vein in relation to anterior margin of fore wing: at an angle of approximately 45° with respect to anterior margin of wing. Sculpture of T2: mesal area with weak, longitudinal carinae, sublateral areas with weak longitudinal carinae mixed with coriaceous sculpture.

Along with Odontacolus lamarcki this is the only other species without a central keel on the frons in combination with a well-defined netrion, and the occipital carina being separated from orbital carina. The species Odontacolus wallacei has the occipital carina separated from the lateral ocellus by approximately equal to or greater than 1.2× which contrasts with the much shorter distance present on Odontacolus lamarcki (of approximately less than or equal to 0.6× ocellus diameter).

This species is named after the great English naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace: long live his legacy! The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

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Holotype female: INDONESIA: Sulawesi Utara Prov., Kotamobagu, 1300m, V-1985, Malaise trap, J. S. Noyes, OSUC 238001 (deposited in BMNH). Paratypes: (27 females, 1 male) AUSTRALIA: 11 females, OSUC 239018–239022 (ANIC); OSUC 239023 (CNCI); OSUC 239014 (QDPC); OSUC 239016 (QMBA); OSUC 239024–239026 (WINC). INDONESIA: 8 females, OSUC 238002, 238006, 238012 (CNCI); OSUC 148683–148684, 238003–238005 (WINC). MALAWI: 1 male, OSUC 238013 (BMNH). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 8 females, OSUC 238007–238010, 239027, 239030 (CNCI); OSUC 239028–239029 (OSUC).

The holotype generally is in good condition: the left front and hind legs are glued to the point, and the right hind leg is covered in glue. The metasomal color pattern varies between specimens from almost completely yellow (i.e. OSUC 238004) to being mostly honey yellow with whitish areas on T3 and dark brown T4–T6 (i.e. OSUC 238001). In some specimens (i.e. OSUC 239020) the upper area of the T1 horn is dark brown with the remainder of the metasoma yellow, and the mesoscutum (which is normally light yellow) being a honey yellow color mesally.

Female. Body length: 1.35 – 1.97 mm (n=9). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: completely dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head elongate and broad at mouth, head appearing elongate and somewhat thin. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: largely smooth ventrally, dorsally with sinuate, transverse ridges.Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: with sparse, transverse costae mixed with weak, dense granulae. Sculpture of malar space: weakly rugulose throughout, without fan-like striae. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: normal. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: granulate. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina; slightly greater than width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weak, small granulae. Sculpture of gena: granulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: coriaceous. Netrion: present, smooth, well developed, sub-obovate. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose mixed with weak granulae. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. propodeal area: densely, finely rugulose. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: smooth or nearly so. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: with sparse, broad, smooth costate sculpture reaching just half of its width. Metapleural sculpture: largely smooth except lower half with longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: broad, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: largely smooth, with sparse longitudinal carinae. Lateral carinae on T2: present, well-defined. Sculpture of T2: longitudinally costate on coriaceous background. Sculpture of T3: anterior third weakly longitudinally costate, otherwise coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: S3 weakly granulose, S4–S6 weakly, finely coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, cristate, uninterrupted.

Male. Body length: 1.29 – 1.37 mm (n=5). Body color: antenna yellow as legs, head, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metasoma dark brown, remainder of body light honey-yellow. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: lower mesal area smooth, remainder with weak coriaceous sculpture mixed with somewhat sinuate carinae (especially at upper 1/5), except area below anterior ocellus with granulose sculpture. Shape and size of anterior ocellus: small, round. Vertex posterior area sculpture: with dense, small granulae. Occipital carina dorsal area: cristate, conspicuously present. Netrion: well-defined, suboval. Sculpture of mesepisternum: with few, thin, transverse carinae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral areas: with few, thin transverse carinae, otherwise mainly smooth. Length of fore wing stigmal vein: conspicuously elongate. Angle of stigmal vein in relation to anterior margin of fore wing: at an angle of approximately 45°. Sculpture of T2: mostly smooth, lateral areas with few sparse longitudinal carinae.

Odontacolus whitfieldi is very similar to Odontacolus kiau but the former has a complete S2 anterior carina; Odontacolus kiau lacks this carina. Thesespecies belong to a group that have short and smooth notauli, a well-defined netrion, a central keel present on the frons and sculptured antennal scrobes always with transverse costae; within this group Odontacolus mayri can be separated from Odontacolus whitfieldi and Odontacolus kiau by its completely yellow body and the weakly granulose sculpture of the mesoscutum.

This species is named after our friend and colleague, the microgastrine systematist Dr Jim Whitfield at the University of Illinois. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

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Holotype female: INDONESIA: Sulawesi Utara Prov., Toraut, forest edge, Bogani Nani Wartabone (Dumoga-Bone) National Park, 15.VI–20.VI.1985, Malaise trap, OSUC 239160 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: (43 females, 5 males) CHINA: 13 females, 5 males, UCRC ENT 171075, 171078–171094 (UCRC). INDIA: 3 females, OSUC 321899 (BMNH); OSUC 238793, 238806 (CNCI). INDONESIA: 3 females, OSUC 238423, 238426, 239181 (CNCI). MALAYSIA: 5 females, OSUC 239157, 239162, 239178 (CNCI); OSUC 239187 (OSUC); OSUC 239161 (WINC). THAILAND: 18 females, OSUC 239156 (BMNH); OSUC 261747 (CNCI); OSUC 250856, 261746, 266234, 280625 (OSUC); OSUC 239163, 247709, 250610, 250859, 321866, 321875, 339578, 339580, 339584–339585, 339593, 339602 (QSBG). VIETNAM: 1 female, OSUC 278520 (RMNH).

Holotype specimen is in perfect condition. Most of paratype specimens are in good condition.

Female. Body length: 1.45 – 1.52 mm (n=6). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: mostly yellow, mesopleuron, metapleuron and posterior area of T1–T3 dark brown. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: largely hyaline, with transverse infumate band below stigma vein.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, head appearing short and broad. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: with weak, sinuate, transverse ridges throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, short (less than 1/3 of frons height); present, elongate, reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: covered by sinuate, transverse, fine costae. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae not extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: small. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: greater than 1.5× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: with sinuate, transverse, fine ridges. Sculpture of occipital carina: largely simple, at most with sparse weak crenulae medially. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: at least 2× width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: weakly sinuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with dense, fine transverse costae across its width. Sculpture of gena: with sinuate dorsoventral costae.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal cervical area: with small (at most as large as crenulae on anterior edge of mesoscutum), well-defined foveae. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: transversely costate. Netrion: absent, obscured by longitudinal sculpture of lateral pronotum. Notaulus: present, with low crenulae that do not extend through depth of furrow. Length of notaulus: approximately equal to or greater than 2/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: distinctly widened (notaulus width greater than half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: weakly rugulose, carinae somewhat broad in shape. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: anterior 1/3 with weak granulae, otherwise with rugulae. Mesoscutellar profile: elevated, anterior margin higher than posterior. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: densely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: elongate, narrow, apex rounded. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: midtransverse area smooth, otherwise with cristate, longitudinal carinae.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, short, broad. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, elongate. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: absent. Sculpture of T2: anterior fourth longitudinally costate, otherwise smooth. Sculpture of T3: weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: finely, weakly coriaceous. S2 anterior carina: present, rounded, uninterrupted.

Male. Body length: 1.39 – 1.58 mm (n= 3). Body color: antenna light yellow as metasoma and legs, head honey-yellow; mesosoma dark brown; fore wing with a conspicuous dark band just before stigmal vein, remainder of fore wing lightly infuscate. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: lower, mesal area smooth, remainder of scrobe with weak coriaceous sculpture. Shape and size of anterior ocellus: small, very circular in shape. Vertex posterior area sculpture: with dense, setigerous punctulate sculpture. Occipital carina at dorsal area: present, not conspicuously present. Netrion: practically absent by presence of longitudinal carinae on pronotal lateral areas. Sculpture of mesepisternum; absent (smooth). Sculpture of pronotal lateral areas: with dense, fine, sinuate, transverse carinae. Length of fore wing stigmal vein: short. Angle of stigmal vein in relation to anterior margin of fore wing: at an angle of approximately 45° with respect to anterior margin of wings. Sculpture of T2: mainly smooth except lateral areas with few, sparse, weak carinae.

This species can be separated from all Odontacolus species with an obscured netrion by the well-defined and wide notauli with clearly defined large crenulae throughout, the broad rugulose sculpture on frons and mesoscutum, and the yellow body color.

This species is named after the Australian entomologist and invertebrate photographer Paul Zborowski. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

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Holotype female: AUSTRALIA: QLD, Heathlands, 11°45'S, 142°35'E, 25.VII–18.VIII.1992, Malaise trap, P. Zborowski & J. Cardale, OSUC 237939 (deposited in ANIC). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 57 females, 3 males, OSUC 237938, 237940–237943, 237945–237948, 237950–237956, 237958–237973, 237976–237998, 238424 (ANIC); OSUC 237949, 237957, 237975 (OSUC); OSUC 237944 (WINC).

The holotype is in perfect condition as are the paratypes. In some specimens (e.g. OSUC 237956) the area between the propodeal anterior spines has some dark honey yellow color instead of the typical yellow.

Female. Body length: 1.49 mm (n=1). Antenna color: completely yellow. Body color: head and mesosoma dark brown, head darker than mesosoma, metasoma light honey yellow. Coxae color: yellow. Leg color (excluding coxae): yellow. Fore wing color: slightly infuscate throughout.

Head. Size of compound eye: approximately 1/2× height of head. Head shape in lateral view: lower head moderately short and strongly narrowed towards mouth, head appearing short and broad. Sculpture of antennal scrobe: smooth throughout. Surface of torular triangle: slightly bulging. Development of central keel on frons: present, elongate (equal to or greater than 1/3× height of frons), but not reaching anterior ocellus. Sculpture on upper frons below anterior ocellus: coriaceous throughout. Sculpture of malar space: with fan-like striae, striae not extending into antennal scrobe. Furrow at lateral portion of antennal scrobe: absent. Mesal surface of vertex: flat to weakly convex. Size of lateral ocelli: minute. Distance between lateral ocellus and occipital carina: 0.5–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter. Lagrimal: absent or minute. Length of OOL: less than or equal to 1/3× width of ocellus. Sculpture of vertex: coriaceous. Sculpture of occipital carina: weakly crenulate throughout. Distance from occipital carina to orbital carina: contiguous or nearly so, subequal to width of occipital carina. Shape of occipital carina: simply arcuate medially. Sculpture of occiput: with weakly rugulo aciculate sculpture. Sculpture of gena: coriaceous dorsally, otherwise weakly rugulose.

Mesosoma. Dorsal mesosoma in lateral view: convex. Sculpture of pronotal lateral area: dorsal 2/3 punctate, otherwise smooth. Netrion: present, smooth, linear. Notaulus: present, simple. Length of `notaulus: approximately less than or equal to 1/3 of length of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus: narrow (notaulus width less than or equal to half the width of tegula). Sculpture of mesoscutum: anterior half coriaceous, otherwise densely granulose. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: granulose. Mesoscutellar profile: mainly flat, anterior and posterior edge at same height or nearly so. Mesoscutellar shape: flat, not depressed. Lateral propodeal area: sparsely transversely carinate. Shape of propodeal anterior spine: short, broad, apex subtriangular. Sculpture of propodeum between anterior spines: smooth or largely smooth. Sculpture of ventral half of mesepisternum: longitudinally costate. Sculpture of upper 1/4 of mesopleuron: densely longitudinally costate across entire width. Metapleural sculpture: smooth.

Wings. Stigmal vein: present, elongate, narrow. Campaniform sensilla at distal area of stigmal vein: present.

Metasoma. Shape of T1 horn: narrow, short. Sculpture of upper portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Sculpture of posterior portion of T1 horn: longitudinally carinate. Lateral carinae on T2: present, poorly defined. Sculpture of T2: finely costate, nearly smooth laterally. Sculpture of T3: smooth mesally, otherwise weakly coriaceous. Sculpture of S3–S6: S3 weakly coriaceous, S4–S6 mainly smooth with few, sparse, setigerous punctulae sculpture. S2 anterior carina: absent.

Male. Unknown.

This species can be separated from all the species which have the occipital carina almost touching the orbital carina by the absence of the S2 anterior carina, the posterior medial area of the mesoscutellum not depressed, and the complete absence of the lagrimal. The closest species is Odontacolus jacksonae, but the body of this species is completely dark brown in contrast with the honey yellow metasoma and dark brown head and mesosoma of Odontacolus zimi.

This species is named after the anime character ‘Invader Zim’, in reference to the invasion of the spider egg sacs that occurs when Odontacolus oviposit. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

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Holotype female: MADAGASCAR: Prov. Antsiranana, Sakalava Beach, dwarf littoral for., 10m, 15.ii–6.iii.2001 Malaise, across sandy trail, R. Harin’Hala coll. MA-01-048-03, 12°15'46"S, 49°23'51"E; CASENT 2136841 (CASC).

Comments. The holotype is in perfect condition.