(C) 2013 Yuxia Yang. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
For reference, use of the paginated PDF or printed version of this article is recommended.
Citation: Yang Y, Kopetz A, Yang X (2013) Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the genera Themus Motschulsky and Lycocerus Gorham (Coleoptera, Cantharidae). ZooKeys 340: 1–19. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.340.5470
The following taxonomic or nomenclatural changes are proposed: Themus (s.str.) regalis (Gorham, 1889), nom. rest.; Themus (s.str.) scutulatus Wittmer, 1983 = Themus (s.str.) hmong Kazantsev, 2007, syn. n.; Themus (Telephorops) coelestis (Gorham, 1889) = Themus violetipennis Wang & Yang, 1992, syn. n.; Themus (Telephorops) uniformis Wittmer, 1983, stat. n. = Themus (Telephorops) cribripennis Wittmer, 1983, syn. n.; Themus (Haplothemus) licenti Pic, 1938, stat. rev., resurrected from synonymy with Themus coriaceipennis (Fairmaire, 1889); Lycocerus aenescens (Fairmaire, 1889) = Lycocerus tcheonanus (Pic, 1922), syn. n.; Lycocerus asperipennis (Fairmaire, 1891) = Lycocerus wangi (Švihla, 2004), syn. n.; Lycocerus borneoensis nom. n. for Athemellus atricolor (Wittmer, 1972); Lycocerus bilineatus (Wittmer, 1995) = Lycocerus amplus (Wittmer, 1995), syn. n.; Lycocerus fairmairei nom. n. et stat. rev. for Athemus dimidiaticrus (Fairmaire, 1889), originally in Telephorus, resurrected from synonymy with Lycocerus orientalis (Gorham, 1889); Lycocerus confossicollis (Fairmaire, 1891), comb. n. hereby transferred from Cantharis = Lycocerus multiimpressus (Wittmer, 1997), syn. n.; Lycocerus inopaciceps (Pic, 1926) = Athemus (Athemellus) bimaculicollis (Švihla, 2005), syn. n.; Lycocerus nigratus nom. n. for Lycocerus nigricolor (Wittmer, 1972), originally in Podabrinus; Lycocerus plebejus (Kiesenwetter, 1874) = Lycocerus brunneonotaticeps (Pic, 1922), syn. n. = Cantharis rufonotaticeps Pic, 1921 syn. n.; Lycocerus swampingatus (Pic, 1916), comb. n., hereby transferred from Cantharis. The neotypes of Themus violetipennis Wang & Yang, 1992 and Athemus (s.str.) maculithorax Wang & Yang, 1992 are designated respectively.
Coleoptera, Cantharidae, Themus, Lycocerus, synonym, homonym, new name, restoration name, new combination, new status, resurrection
This study presents some further taxonomic and nomenclatural clarification in the cantharid genera Themus Motschulsky, 1857 and Lycocerus Gorham, 1889, based on the examination of type specimens. See
The aedeagi and the abdominal sternite VIII of female were dissected under a stereoscopic microscope, cleared in 10% KOH solution for several minutes, then placed in a droplet of glycerol and examined under a compound light microscope. Photographs of the type specimens were taken with a Canon 450D camera equipped with an EF 100mm f/2.8 USM lens. Line drawings were made with the aid of camera lucida attached to a Leica MZ12.5 stereomicroscope, and edited in the CorelDRAW 12 and Adobe Photoshop 8.0.1.
In the literature citations, the square brackets “[ ]” are used for my remarks and addenda. The type specimens are quoted verbatim, “[p]” indicated that the following data are printed and “[h]” that they are handwritten, and the quotation marks are used to separate data from different labels and a backslash “\” to separate data from different lines of the same label. The additional specimens are transliterated from Chinese labels, except those originally in English and cited in quotation marks.
The following collection codens are used in the text:
HBUM Hebei University Museum, Baoding, China;
IZAS Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
MNHN Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France;
NHMB Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland;
NMPC Narodni muzeum, Praha, Czech Republic.
China, Vietnam.
Telephorus imperialis Gorham, 1889 is a primary homonym and preoccupied by Telephorus imperialis Redtenbacher, 1867, so the former is permanently invalid (ICZN, 4th ed., article 57.2) and should be replaced by the next oldest available name among its synonyms (ICZN, 4th ed., article 23.3.5), that is, Themus (s.str.) regalis (Gorham, 1889) should be restated as the valid name for this species.
Vietnam.
This species was originally described as Themus rufoscutus Pic, 1926 (located in Vietnam), which became a junior secondary homonym of Themus rufoscutus (Pic, 1922) (located in Yunnan, China) since the taxonomic status of the latter was changed by
http://species-id.net/wiki/Themus_coelestis
Telephorus coelestis: Lectotype ♂ (NHMB): without locality information, [h]“coelestis ♂”, [h]“♂”, [h]“Themus \ (Telephorops) \ coelestis \ (Gorh.) \ det. W. Wittmer”, [h]“Type”, [p]“LECTOTYPUS”, [p]“Naturhist. \ Museum Basel \ coll. W. Wittmer”, [p]“CANTHARIDAE \ CANTH00001277”. Paralectotype: 1♀ (MNHN): [p]“Kiukiang \ June, 1887 \ A. E. Pratt”, [h]“coelestis \ Gorh.”, [h]“Themus \ (Telephorops) \ coelestis \ (Gorh.) \ det. W. Wittmer”, [h]“TYPE”, [p]“PARALECTOTYPUS”.
Themus rugosus: Holotype ♀ (MNHN): [h]“Fokien”, [h]“Themus \ rugosus \ n. sp.”, [h]“Themus \ (Telephorops) \ coelestis \ (Gorh.) \ det. W. Wittmer”, [h]“type”, [p]“TYPE”.
Themus violetipennis: Neotype ♀ (here designated, IZAS): “湖南永顺杉木河林场 \ 600m \ 中国科学院” [Hunan, Yongshun, Shanmuhe forestry station \ 600m], “1988.VIII.4 \ 采集者:王书永” [4.VIII.1988 \ leg. Shu-Yong Wang].
CHINA: Shaanxi: 2♀♀ (IZAS): Foping, 16.VIII.2007, leg. Yu-Xia Yang. Gansu: 1♂ (IZAS): Kangxian, Baiyunshan, 1250–1750m, 12.VII.1998, leg. Shu-Yong Wang; 1♀ (IZAS): Kangxian, Heimaguan, 1450–1550m, 13.VII.1998, leg. De-Cheng Yuan. Henan: 1♂ (IZAS): Jigongshan, 700m, 14.VII.2001, leg. Si-Qin Ge; 1♀ (IZAS): Tongbaishan, 500m, 16.VII.2001, leg. Si-Qin Ge; 1♀ (IZAS): Neixiang, Baoyunman, 21.VII.2001, leg. Fu-Qiang Chen. Anhui: 2♂♂ (NHMB): “Dabieshan, 65km SW Huoshan, 1400m, 21.–24.VI.1995, leg. Bolm”. Zhejiang: 1♀ (IZAS): Xitianmushan, 23.VI.1998, leg. Ming-Shui Zhao. Hubei: 1♂, 1♀ (NHMB): “Hupeh, Lichuan Distr., Suisapa, 1000m, 22.VII.1948, Gressitt&Djou Collra”; 1♂ (NHMB): same data, 24.VII.1948; 1♂ (NHMB): same data, 29.VII.1948; 2♂♂, 1♀ (NHMB): same data, 31.VII.1948; 1♂, 1♀ (NHMB): same data, 4.VIII.1948; 1♂ (IZAS): Hefeng, Fenshuiling, 1400m, 1.VIII.1981, leg. Long-Long Yang; 1♀ (IZAS): Hefeng, Shayuan, 30.VII.1989, leg. Shu-Yong Wang. Jiangxi: 1♂ (IZAS): Jiulianshan, Huangniushi, 19.VI.1975, leg. You-Wei Zhang; 1♀ (IZAS): Longnan, Jiulianshan, 17.VI.1975, leg. You-Wei Zhang. Hunan: 1♂, 1♀ (NHMB): “Yon-ping, 12.VI.1917”; 1♂ (NHMB): same data, “Yon-ping, 14.VI.1917”; 1♂ (IZAS): Sangzhi, Tianpingshan, 700–1450m, 14.VIII.1988, leg. Shu-Yong Wang. Fujian: 1♂ (IZAS): Chong’an, Xingcun, Xianfengling, 1170m, 14.VII.1960, leg. Cheng-Lin Ma; 1♀ (IZAS): Dehua, Chengguan, 510–550m, 1.VI.1960, leg. Fu-Ji Pu; 11 spec. (NHMB): “Fukien, Kuatun, 15.VIII.1946, Tschung-Sen leg.”; 5 spec. (NHMB): “Kuatun, 26.VII.1946”; 6 spec. (NHMB): same data, 11.VII.1946; 5 spec. (NHMB): same data, 16.VIII.1946; 4 spec. (NHMB): same data, 18.IX.1946. Hainan: 1♀ (IZAS): Wanning, 10m, 9.VI.1960, leg. Chang-Qing Li. Guangxi: 1♂ (IZAS): Longsheng, Tianpingshan, 740m, 17.VI.1963, leg. Shu-Yong Wang; 1♀ (IZAS): Maoershan, Tongmujiang, 800m, 15.VII.1985, leg. Su-Bai Liao. Sichuan: 1♂, 1♀ (IZAS): Youyang, 780m, 15.VII.1989, leg. Shu-Yong Wang. Guizhou: 1♂ (NHMB): “Kouy-Tchéou”; 1♂ (IZAS): Fanjingshan, Huguosi, 1350m, 3.VIII.2001, leg. Qiong-Zhang Song; 1♀ (IZAS): Fanjingshan, Huixiangping, 1600m, 2.VIII.2001, leg. Kang-Zhen Dong.
China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou).
According to the original publication, the types of Themus violetipennis Wang & Yang, 1992 were deposited in the IZAS and China Agriculture University, Beijing, China (CAUB), but our search of the types in the two Chinese museums have been long, repeated and with no results. The original description of Themus violetipennis was in accord with the standard of that time but insufficient considering the present level, and neotype allows us to satisfy a better comparision. Fortunately, a female specimen, which was collected at the same locality and date as that of one paratype designated by
Themus (s.str.) bitinctus uniformis: Holotype ♂ (NHMB): [p]“Yen-ping, China \ VII.21. 1917 \ Ac. 5148”, [h]“bitinctus \ uniformis”, [p]“HOLOTYPUS”, [p]“Naturhist. \ Museum Basel \ coll. W. Wittmer”, [p]“CANTHARIDAE \ CANTH00000449”.
Themus (s.str.) cribripennis: Holotype ♂ (MNHN): [p]“Taihorinsho \ Formosa \ Sauter, VIII_ 7_09”, [h]“Cantharis \ davidis Fairm.”, [h]“Themus (s.str.) \ cribripennis \ Wittm. \ det. W. Wittmer”, [p]“HOLOTYPUS”, [h]“136”. Paratype: 1♀ (NHMB): [p]“Suisharyo \ Formosa \ H. Sauter, X.1911”, [h]“Themus s.str. \ cribripennis \ Wittm. \ det. W. Wittmer”, [p]“PARATYPUS”, [p]“CANTHARIDAE \ CANTH00002654”.
Habitus, dorsal view 1 Holotype of Themus (s.str.) bitinctus uniformis Wittmer, 1983 2 Holotype of Themus (s.str.) cribripennis Wittmer, 1983 3 Holotype of Themus licenti Pic, 1938 4 Holotype of Telephorus coriaceipennis Fairmaire, 1889 5 Lectotype of Podabrus aenescens Fairmaire, 1889 6 Holotype of Cantharis tcheonana Pic, 1922 7 Holotype of Athemus (Isathemus) bilineatus Wittmer, 19958 Holotype of Athemus (s.str.) amplus Wittmer, 1995 9 Holotype of Telephorus dimidiaticrus Fairmaire, 1889. 1–2, 5, 7–8, 9 male 3–4, 6 female.
China (Fujian, Taiwan).
Having examined the holotypes of Themus cribripennis Wittmer, 1983b and Themus bitinctus uniformis Wittmer, 1983a, we were unable to find differences justifying their separation, which has led us to consider all the examined specimens of both nominal species to be conspecific. Therefore, we synonymized Themus cribripennis under Themus bitinctus uniformis. Furthermore, Themus bitinctus uniformis should be upgraded to the specific rank, because it is obviously different from Themus bitinctus Wittmer, 1982 (located in Vietnam) in the aedeagus, except the difference in the elytra coloration from the latter.
Themus licenti: Holotype ♀ (MNHN): [p]“CHANSI. S.O. \ 22.VII.35”, [p]“HO CHAN \ 2, 255m”, [h]“Themus \ licenti n. sp.”, [h]“Themus (s.str.) \ coriaceipennis \ (Fairm.) \ det. W. Wittmer”, [p]“HOLOTYPUS”.
Telephorus coriaceipennis: Holotype ♀ (MNHN): [p]“Thibet \ Tàtsiénloù \ M. F. Biet”, [h]“Telephorus \ coriaceipennis \ n. sp.”, [h]“Themus (s.str.) \ coriaceipennis \ (Fairm.) \ det. W. Wittmer”, [p]“HOLOTYPUS”.
CHINA: Henan: 1♂, 1♀ (IZAS): Lushi, Jihe forestry station, 1200m, 20.VII.2001, leg. Kang-Zhen Dong. Sichuan: 5♂♂, 1♀ (NHMB): “Szechuen, Yao Gi, nr Mupin, 7400ft., 15.VII.1929, D. C. Graham”; 1♂, 1♀ (NHMB): “Mu San Tsai, 10km NW Weichow, 8700ft., 26.–28.VI.1933, D. C. Graham”; 1♂, 1♀ (IZAS): Luding, Xinxing, Yanzigou, 1560m, 7.VIII.2004, leg. Ming Bai.
China (Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan).
Themus licenti Pic, 1938a was synonymized with Themus coriaceipennis (Fairmaire, 1889) by
http://species-id.net/wiki/Lycocerus_aenescens
Figs 5−6Podabrus aenescens: Lectotype ♂ (MNHN): without locality information, [h]“Telephorus aenescens \ Frm., n. sp.”, [h]“Athemus \ aenescens \ (Fairm.) \ det. W. Wittmer”, [p]“LECTOTYPUS”. Paralectotype: 1♀ (MNHN): [p]“Kouy-Tchèu”, [p]“PARALECTOTYPUS”.
Cantharis tcheonana: Holotype ♀ (MNHN): [p]“CHINE \ Kouy-Tchèou \ Koúy Yang Foú”, [h]“tcheonana \ n. sp.”, [h]“Athemus \ tcheonanus \ (Pic) \ det. W. Wittmer”, [p]“HOLOTYPUS”.
Themus angusticollis: Holotype ♂ (MNHN): [p]“Chasseurs Indigenes \ des Missionnaires \ de Ta-tslen-Lou \ 1906”, [h]“Themus \ angusticollis \ n. sp.”, [h]“Athemus s.str. \ angustithorax \ Wittm. \ det. W. Wittmer”, [h]“Athemus s.str. \ tcheonanus \ (Pic) \ det. W. Wittmer”, [p]“HOLOTYPUS”.
CHINA: Guangxi: 1♂, 1♀ (NHMB): “Koung-Si-Hien, alt. 2100m”. Sichuan: 1♂ (NHMB): “Moxi, Gongashan mts., 1650m, 28.VI–2.VII.1994, leg. Bolm”. Guizhou: 1♂ (MNHN): “Kouy-Tchèu, Koúy Yang Foú”; 2♀♀ (MNHN): “Kouy-Tchèu”; 1♀ (MNHN): “Kouei-Tcheou”; 5♀♀ (MNHN): “Kuoy-Tcheou, Gan chouem, Min y fou et Tchen-Fong, Tchéou, 1918, P. Cavalerie”; 1♀ (MNHN): “Kouy-Tchèu, 1921, Cavaleri”; 1♀ (MNHN): “Kouy-Tchèu, Reg. De Pin-fa, 1908, Père Cavaleri”. Yunnan: 1♂ (MNHN): “Tse Kou, 1895, R. P. Dubernard”; 1♂, 1♀ (IZAS): Dali, Cangshan, 30.V.1955, leg. Xing-Chi Yang; 8 spec. (NHMB): “Cangshan mts., E slope, 2000–2500m, 25°42'N, 100°08'E, 21.VI.1992, leg. Vit Kubáň”; 12 spec. (NHMB): “Dali, 19.–21.V.1993, leg. R. Cervenka”; 2♂♂, 1♀ (NHMB): “Dali, 1600–2000m, 5.–8.VII.1990, leg. L. M. Bocák”; 1♂, 2♀♀ (NHMB): “Dali, 1.–7.VI.1994, B. Šiška et T. Spevár”.
China (Guangxi, Sichaun, Guizhou, Yunnan).
Having examined the holotypes of Lycocerus aenescens (Fairmaire, 1889) and Lycocerus tcheonanus (Pic, 1922), we could not find any difference to justify their separation, so we synonymize Lycocerus tcheonanus under Lycocerus aenescens.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Lycocerus_asperipennis
Telephorus asperipennis: Lectotype ♀ (MNHN): [h]“Chang-yang”, [h]“Telephorus \ asperipennis \ Fairm. \ Changyang”, [h]“Athemus \ asperipennis \ (Fairm.) \ det. W. Wittmer”, [p]“LECTOTYPE”. Paralectotype: 1♀ (MNHN): [h]“Chang-yang”, [p]“PARALECTOTYPE”.
Cantharis limbatipennis: Lectotype ♀ (MNHN): [h]“Yunnan \ (China)”, [h]“C. limbatipennis \ Pic”, [h]“limbatipennis \ Pic”, [h]“von \ asperipennis \ Frm.”, [h]“Athemus \ asperipennis \ (Frm.) \ det. W. Wittmer”, [h]“type”, [p]“TYPE”, [p]“LECTOTYPE”. Paralectotype: 1♀ (MNHN): [h]“Yunnan”, [p]“PARALECTOTYPE”.
Cantharis stötzneri: Lectotype ♂ (MNHN): [p]“Szetschwan \ Kwanhsien \ Exp. Stötzner”, [h]“stötzneri \ n. sp.”, [h]“Athemus \ asperipennis \ (Frm.) \ det. W. Wittmer”, [p]“LECTOTYPE”. Paralectotypes: 1♂, 5♀♀ (MNHN): same data to lectotype, [p]“PARALECTOTYPE”.
Athemus maculithorax: Neotype ♂ (here designated, IZAS): [p]“湖北兴山龙门河 \ 1300m” [Hubei, Xingshan, Longmenhe \ 1300m], [p]“1993.VI.21 \ 采集者:黄润质” [21.VI.1993 \ leg. Run-Zhi Huang].
CHINA: Gansu: 1♂ (IZAS): Wenxian, Qiujiaba, 2360–2650m, 29.VI.1998, leg. De-Cheng Yuan; 1♀ (IZAS): same data, 30.VI.1998. Shanxi: 1♀ (IZAS): “Shansi, Kwashan, 9.VI.1936”. Shaanxi: 2♂♂ (NHMB): “Danfeng-NE env., 900–1500m, 33°45–52'N, 110°22–37'E, 28.–29.V.1995, leg. L. R. Businský”; 3♂♂, 1♀ (NHMB): “Qinling Mts.-N. slpoe, Huxian Co., 1300–1600m, 33°50'N, 108°26'E, 12.–13.VI.1995, leg. L. R. Businský”. Henan: 3♀♀ (IZAS): Lushi, Jihe forestry station, 20.VII.2001, leg. Kang-Zhen Dong. Hubei: 1♂ (NHMB): “Shennongjia, Yanzi Pass, 2200m, 31°43'N, 110°28'E, 23.–26.VI.1995, leg. L. R. Businský”; 1♀ (NHMB): “Dashennongjia massif-E slpoe, 31°24–30'N, 110°21–24'E, 2000m, 28.VI–7.VII.1995, leg. L. R. Businský”; 1♂, 1♀ (IZAS): Foping, Liangfengya, 1750–2150m, 28.VI.1999, leg. YAO Jian. Sichuan: 10 spec. (NHMB): “Mt. Emei, 500–1200m, 29°30'N, 103°20'E, 4.–18.V.1989, leg. S. J. Kolibáč”; 12 spec. (NHMB): “Mt. Emei, 600–1050m, 5.–19.V.1989, leg. Lad. Bocák”; 25 spec. (NHMB): “Kwanhsien, Exp. Stötzner”; 1♂, 1♀ (NHMB): “Chengtu, 1700m, 1.–2.V.1933, D.C. Graham”; 1♂, 1♀ (NHMB): “Kuausien, 1934, D.C. Graham”; 1♂, 1♀ (NHMB): “Yaogi nr. Mupin, 8000ft, 14.–18.VI.1929, D.C. Graham”; 1♀ (NHMB): “Shikaizi, Mt. Omei, 4500ft, 1945, D.C. Graham”; 1♂ (IZAS): Mt. Emei, Baoguosi, 550–750m, 27.IV.1957, leg. Fu-Xing Zhu; 1♀ (IZAS): Mt. Emei, Qingyinge, 800–1000m, 20.IV.1957, leg. Fu-Xing Zhu; 1♀ (IZAS): same locality, 30.IV.1957, leg. Ke-Ren Huang; 1♂ (IZAS): same locality, 24.IV.1957, leg. Zong-Yuan Wang.
China (Gansu, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan).
The neotype is designated for Athemus (s.str.) maculithorax Wang & Yang, 1992 here, according to the loss of the type, and for allowing a comparision based on most of the criteria (ICZN, 4th, article 75.3). The latter’s name was replaced by Athemus wangi by
Borneo.
The new name is derived from this species’ type locality “Borneo”.
This species was located in Borneo and originally described in Athemellus Wittmer, 1972, which was synonymized with Lycocerus Gorham, 1889 by
http://species-id.net/wiki/Lycocerus_bilineatus
Figs 7–8Athemus (Isathemus) bilineatus: Holotype ♂ (NHMB): [p]“Nordwestal. China \ Chinkiang \ Col. Reitter”, [h]“REM \ 95 \ 11.9”, [h]“A. (Isathemus) \ bilineatus \ Wittm., \ det. W. Wittmer”, [p]“HOLOTYPUS”, [p]“CANTHARIDAE \ CANTH00001927”.
Athemus (s.str.) amplus: Holotype ♂ (MNHN): [h]“V.1917 \ China \ Shanghai \ J. Hervé-Bdzin”, [h]“Athemus s.str. \ amplus \ Wittm. \ det. W. Wittmer”, [p]“HOLOTYPUS”. Paratypes: 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (MNHN): [h]“Shanghai”, [p]“PARATYPUS”; 1♂ (NHMB): [p]“Shanghai \ V.1917 \ J. Hervé-Bdzin”, [p]“PARATYPUS”, “CANTHARIDAE \ CANTH00001340”; 1♀ (NHMB): [p]“Shanghai \ V \ 1917, J. Hervé-Bdzin”, [p]“PARATYPUS”, [p]“CANTHARIDAE \ CANTH00002072”; 1♂ (NHMB): [p]“Zi-ka-wei \ 20.IV.1924”, [p]“PARATYPUS”, [p]“CANTHARIDAE \ CANTH00001986”.
CHINA: Shanghai: 1♂, 2♀♀ (IZAS): “Shanghai, 19.VI.1947, Marist Brothers”; 1♂ (IZAS): “Zi-ka-wei”, 20.IV.1924. Jiangxi: 2♂♂, 1♀ (IZAS): Jiangxi.Hubei: 2♂♂ (IZAS): Xingshan, Xiakou, 140m, 2.V.1994, leg. Xing-Ke Yang; 2♀♀ (IZAS): Zigui, Jiulingtou, 110m, 1.V.1994, leg. Wen-Zhu Li.
China (Jiangsu, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Hubei).
Both Lycocerus amplus (Wittmer, 1995) and Lycocerus bilineatus (Wittmer, 1995) were originally described in Athemus and assigned to different subgenera. In the original manuscript (
Telephorus dimidiaticrus: Holotype ♂ (MNHN): [h]“Telephorus \ dimidiaticrus \ Fairm. \ Koui Tchéou”, [h]“Athemus \ prattianus \ (Gorh.) \ det. W. Wittmer”, [h]“Lycocerus \ dimidiaticrus (Fairm.) \ det. Y. X. Yang, 2009”, [p]“HOLOTYPUS”.
CHINA: Fujian: 1♂ (NHMB): “Fukien. Kuatun, 22.IV.1946”; 1♂ (NHMB): same locality, 1.V.1946; 1♀ (NHMB): same locality, 2.V.1946; 1♀ (IZAS): Jianyang, Huangkeng, Aotou, 950m, 5.V.1960, leg. Yong Zuo; 1♂ (IZAS): same locality, 800−1050m, 26.IV.1960, leg. Cheng-Lin Ma.
China (Fujian, Guizhou).
The new name is named after L. Fairmaire, the taxonomist who described this species.
Fairmaire described a Podabrus dimidiaticrus Fairmaire, 1889: 40 which became Athemellus dimidiaticrus by
At the same time, having examined the holotype of Telephorus dimidiaticrus and lectotype of Lycocerus orientalis (Gorham, 1889) (1♂ (NHMB): [p]“Foochau \ April, 1886 \ Leech.”, [h]“A. orientalis”, [p]“LECTOTYPE”, [p]“CANTHARIDAE \ CANTH00001609”.), we found that the formeris distinctly different from the latter in the aedeagus (Figs 19−21; the latter’s, see
http://species-id.net/wiki/Lycocerus_confossicollis
Figs 10–11Telephorus confossicollis: Lectotype ♂ (MNHN): [h]“Changyang”, [h]“Telephorus \ confossicollis \ Fairm. \ Tchangyang”, [h]“Athemellus \ confossicollis \ (Fairm.) \ det. W. Wittmer”, [p]“LECTOTYPE”.
Athemus (s.str.) multiimpressus: Holotype ♂ (NHMB): [p]“Chin-ling Mts. \ Shensi. E. B. \ Apr.-May, 1904”, [h]“Athemus \ multiimpressus \ Wittm. \ det. W. Wittmer”, [p]“HOLOTYPUS”, [h]“REM \ 95 \ 1314”, [p]“CANTHARIDAE \ CANTH00001208”.
CHINA: Hubei: 1♂ (IZAS): Xingshan, Longmenhe, 6.V.1994, leg. Xing-Ke Yang; 1♀ (IZAS): same data, 9.V.1994; 1♀ (IZAS): same locality, 9.V.1994, leg. You-Wei Zhang; 1♂ (IZAS): same locality, 730m, 22.VI.1994, leg. Jian Yao.
China (Shaanxi, Hubei).
Although the type specimen of Cantharis confossicollis was attached with Wittmer’s manuscript label “Athem ellus confossicollis (Fairm.)”, it has never been published formally for this taxonomic change. In our opinion, this speciesis definitely a member of Lycocerus due to the following characters: pronotum subquadrate, all tarsal claws simple and the aedeagus with dorsal plates of parameres separated. At the same time, Lycocerus multiimpressus (Wittmer, 1997) is considered to be a junior synonym of Lycocerus confossicollis (Fairmaire, 1891), comb. n., since we could not find differences between both nominal species in their morphological characters, including appearance and aedeagus. Therefore, we suggest Lycocerus multiimpressus is a new subjective synonym of Lycocerus confossicollis.
Habitus, dorsal view 10 Lectotypeof Telephorus confossicollis Fairmaire, 1891 11 Holotypeof Athemus (s.str.) multiimpressus Wittmer, 1997 12 Lectotypeof Cantharis inopaciceps Pic, 1926 13 Holotypeof Athemus (Athemellus) bimaculicollis Švihla, 2005 14 Holotypeof Cantharis rufonotaticeps Pic, 1921 15 Holotypeof Cantharis brunneonotaticeps Pic, 1922. 10–11, 13 male 12, 14–15 female.
16-21 Aedeagus (16, 19 ventral view 17, 20 dorsal view 18, 21 lateral view) 22–23 female abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view 16–18 Themus (Haplothemus) licenti Pic, 1938 19–21, 23 Lycocerus dimidiaticrus (Fairmaire, 1889) 22 Themus (Haplothemus) coriaceipennis (Fairmaire, 1889). Scale bars: 1 mm.
http://species-id.net/wiki/Lycocerus_inopaciceps
Figs 12–13Cantharis inopaciceps: Lectotype ♀ (MNHN): [p]“Szetschwan \ Kwanhsien \ Exp. Stözner”, [h]“Thibet”, [h]“Cantharis \ inopaciceps \ n. sp.”, [h] “Athemellus ?”, [p]“LECTOTYPUS”.
Athemus (Athemellus) bimaculicollis: Holotype ♂ (NMPC): [p]“CHINA-SHAANXI \ Lueyang \ 23.6−26.6.2004 \ leg. E. Kučera”, [p]“HOLOTYPUS \ Athemus \ (Athemellus) \ bimaculicollis sp. nov.\ V. Švihla det. 2005”. Paratype: 1♀ (NMPC): same data.
CHINA: Shaanxi: 1♂, 1♀ (HBUM): Liuba, 10.−12.VI.2005, leg. Yi-Bin Ba; 1♂, 1♀ (HBUM): Liuba, Miaotaizi, 14.−15.VI.2005, leg. Yi-Bin Ba; 1♂, 4♀♀ (HBUM): Fengxian, Heigou, 13.VI.2005, leg. Yi-Bin Ba; 3♀♀ (HBUM): Liuba, Zaomulan, 11.VI.2005, leg. Yi-Bin Ba.
China (Shaanxi, Sichuan).
Athemus (Athemellus) bimaculicollis Švihla, 2005, which was omitted in the catalogue by
China (Fujian).
The new specific name is derived from Latin word “niger” = black, a reference to its black body coloration, as the same meaning as its original name.
This species was originally described in Podabrinus, its original name is a junior secondary homonym of Lycocerus nigricolor (Pic, 1938) (originally in Athemus, located in Malaya), so it was replaced by Lycocerus nigeratus nom. n. (ICZN, 4th, article 57.3.1).
http://species-id.net/wiki/Lycocerus_plebejus
Figs 14−15Cantharis rufonotaticeps: Holotype ♀ (MNHN): [p]“Kiautschau \ China”, [h]“rufonotaticeps \ n. sp.”, [p]“HOLOTYPUS”.
Cantharis brunneonotaticeps: Holotype ♀ (MNHN): [p]“Kiautschau \ China”, [h]“brunneonotaticeps \ n. sp.”, [h]“Athemus? \ brunneonotaticeps \ (Pic) \ det. W. Wittmer”, [p]“HOLOTYPUS”.
CHINA: Shanghai: 1♂ (NHMB): “China, Kiangsu Prov., Shanghai, 15.IV.1932, A. Bavio coll.”; 1♂, 1♀ (IZAS): “China, Kiangsu Prov., Shanghai, Zi-ka-wei, 20.IV.1924”. Jiangxi: 1♀ (MNHN): “Süd-China, Pingshiang, Dr. Kreyenberg”. Fujian: 1♂ (NHMB): “Fukien, Chungan, Bohea Hill, 15.III.1940, coll. T. C. Maa”; 1♀ (NHMB): same data, 16.III.1940; 1♂, 1♀ (NHMB): same data, 29.III.1940; 1♂ (NHMB): “Fukien, Shaowu, Shuipeikai, 3.IV.1942, coll. T. C. Maa”; 1♂ (NHMB): “Fukien, Shaowu, Kuhsienkai, IV.1944, coll. T. C. Maa”; 1♀ (NHMB): “Fukien, Chungan, Kuatun, IV.1942, coll. T. C. Maa”; 1♂ (IZAS): Shaowu, Chengguan, 150−220m, 19.IV.1960, leg. Cheng-Lin Ma; 1♀ (IZAS): same locality, 160−210m, 17.III.1960, leg. Yong Zuo; 1♀ (IZAS): same locality, 150−190m, 18.III.1960, leg. Yong Zuo. Guangxi: 1♂ (IZAS): Guilin, Liangfeng, 17.III.1952; 1♀ (IZAS): same locality, 26.III.1952. Sichuan: 1♀ (IZAS): Mt. Emei, Baoguosi, 550−750m, 7.IV.1957, leg. Ke-Ren Huang; 1♂ (IZAS): same locality, 12.IV.1957, leg. You-Cai Yu; 1♀ (IZAS): same data, 19.IV.1957; 1♀ (IZAS): same data, 3.IV.1957.
China (Shandong, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangxi, Sichuan).
Having examined the holotypes of Cantharis rufonotaticeps Pic, 1921 and Lycocerus brunneonotaticeps (Pic, 1922) (originally in Cantharis), as well as a large series of additional specimens including both sexes, we were unable to find differences justifying their separation, although some variation in the coloration of head and elytra, which has led us to consider all the examined specimens of both nominal species to be conspecific. Furthermore, we discovered that their characters are consistent with the redescription and illustrations of Lycocerus plebejus (Kiesenwetter, 1874) provided by
http://species-id.net/wiki/Lycocerus_swampingatus
Figs 19−21Cantharis swampingata: Holotype ♂ (MNHN): [p]“Swamping \ China”, [h]“swampingata \ Pic”, [h]“n. sp.”, [h]“Lycocerus \ swampingatus(Pic) \ det. Y. X. Yang, 2009”, [p]“HOLOTYPUS”.
China (Sichuan).
The type specimen of this species was damaged seriously, lacking the abdomen, thorax, all legs, one elytron and part of head, but its aedeagus has been kept well, of which dorsal plates of parameres are separated (Figs 19−21), which is a diagnostic character of Lycocerus (Okushima, 2005). This species is similar to Lycocerus canthariformis (Ishida, 1986) (located in Japan) in the pronotum, which is rounded, wider than long, lateral margins are arcuate and posterior angles rounded, but the aedeagus is differs from that of the latter. Also, it is related to Lycocerus pubicollis (Heyden, 1889) in the aedeagus, but obviously different from the latter in the pronotum. Consequently, we suggest the following new combination: Lycocerus swampingatus (Pic, 1916), comb. n.
We are grateful to late Dr. Michel Brancucci (NHMB) for his various help in both the study and life when the sensior author visited the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel. Also, we appreciate Dr. Yûichi Okushima (Kurashiki Museum of Natural History, Japan) for his valuable suggestions and sharing some type images in the study, Dr. Vladimír Švihla (NMPC) and Dr. Antoine Mantilleri (MNHN) for providing us a chance to access to the collections under their charge and their generous help to the sensior author when she visited their museums. Thanks are due to Mr. John MacDermott (USA) for correcting our English.
This study is supported by the National Basic Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2011CB302102), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31010103913, No. 31172135), the Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. KSCX2-EW-G-4, KSCX2-EW-Z-8) and a grant (No. O529YX5105) from the Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.