Research Article |
Corresponding author: Liangming Cao ( caolm1206@126.com ) Academic editor: Fedor Konstantinov
© 2019 Ping Zhao, Runqian Mao, Liangming Cao.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Zhao P, Mao R, Cao L (2019) Two new and one little-known damsel bug of the subfamily Prostemmatinae Reuter (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nabidae) from China. ZooKeys 845: 139-152. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.845.32893
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Two damsel bugs belonging to two genera of the subfamily Prostemmatinae from China are reported as new to science: Alloeorhynchus (Alloeorhynchus) yunnanensis sp. n. and Rhamphocoris guizhouensis sp. n. The little-known species Alloeorhynchus (Alloeorhynchus) reinhardi Kerzhner & Günther, 1999 is redescribed. All species are illustrated in detail. Keys to the Chinese species of Rhamphocoris and Alloeorhynchus are provided aid in identification.
China, Nabidae, new species, Prostemmatinae
Prostemmatinae is a small subfamily in the family Nabidae with five genera and approximately 150 species worldwide (
Species of Prostemmatinae are considered primarily ground-inhabiting predators (
The material examined in this study is now deposited in Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, China. The external structures were examined using a binocular dissecting microscope. Male genitalia were soaked in hot 90% lactic acid for approximately ten minutes to remove soft tissue, then in hot distilled water, and dissected under a microscope. The dissected parts of the genital structures were placed in a plastic microvial with lactic acid under the corresponding specimen. All drawings were traced with the aid of a camera lucida. Measurements were obtained using a calibrated micrometer. Body length was measured from the apex of head to the tip of the hemelytra in resting position. Maximum width of the pronotum was measured across humeral angles. All measurements are given in millimeters. Classification system and morphological terminology mainly follow those of
Rhamphocoris
Kirkaldy, 1901: 221;
Aristonabis
Reuter & Poppius, 1909: 48 (syn. by
Harrisiella
China & Miller, 1953: 115 (syn. by
Body elongate-oblong, flattened dorso-ventrally; body shiny, black or red with yellow markings (Figs
Rhamphocoris is a small genus of the subfamily Prostemmatinae with ten known species worldwide. Five species (including the new species described herein) have been recorded in China, R. borneensis (Schumacher, 1914) [China (Yunnan, Hainan); Malaysia, Vietnam], R. elegantulus (Schumacher, 1914) [China (Taiwan)], R. hasegawai (Ishihara, 1943) [China (Yunnan, Taiwan)], R. tibialis Hsiao, 1981 [China (Yunnan)], and R. guizhouensis sp. n. [China (Guizhou)] (
1 | Pronotum bicolored, black with anterior pronotal lobe and basal part of posterior lobe red | R. guizhouensis sp. n. |
– | Pronotum unicolorous, uniformly red or black | 2 |
2 | Pronotum black | R. hasegawai (Ishihara, 1943) |
– | Pronotum red | 3 |
3 | Tibiae blackish brown | R. tibialis Hsiao, 1981 |
– | Tibiae red | 4 |
4 | Scutellum red | R. borneensis (Schumacher, 1914) |
– | Scutellum black | R. elegantulus (Schumacher, 1914) |
Holotype: female, China, Guizhou, Liping, Taiping Mountain, 28-VII-2009, 26°14'19.54"N, 109°18'38.59"E, Zhao Ping leg.
Body length 5.48 mm. Body color red with black markings, shiny; head and pronotum bicolored, mostly red, but vertex of head, dorsal surface of neck, anteocular area of head, collar, most of posterior pronotal lobe blackish brown to black; scutellum black.
Color. Body red, shiny. First antennal segment pale yellow, second antennal segments blackish brown, third to fourth antennal segments pale brown; vertex of head, dorsal surface of neck, anteocular area, eyes, anterior margin of collar of pronotum, propleural epimeron, pleuron and sternum of meso- and metathorax, fore wing (except strip or markings on basal part of membrane and basal part of clavus yellowish white) dark brown to blackish brown (Figs
Structure. Body clothed with golden yellow setae. Body flattened dorsoventrally. Head with rounded processes ventrally (Fig.
Measurements Female, n = 1. Body length 5.48; maximal width of abdomen 3.33. Length of head 0.71; width of head 0.71; length of anteocular part 0.31; length of postocular part 0.05; length of neck 0.16; length of synthlipsis 0.38; interocellar space 0.19; length of antennal segments I–IV= 0.33, 0.76, 0.67, 0.55; length of rostral segments I–IV=0.31, 0.71, 0.48, 0.19; length of collar 0.19; length of anterior lobe of pronotum 0.48; length of posterior lobe of pronotum 0.67; maximal width of thorax 2.19; length of scutellum 0.67; length of hemelytron 3.76.
Unknown.
China (Guizhou).
The specific name is derived from the type locality of the species.
The new species resemble to R. hasegawai in body shape and color, but in the latter the head and pronotum are totally black. The new species is similar to R. elegantulus but easily distinguished by the body color: the head (except the vertex) is black; the collar and most of the posterior lobe of pronotum black, the anterior lobe and basal part of posterior lobe red (Fig.
Alloeorhynchus
Fieber, 1860: 43; 1861: 159;
Falda
Gross, 1954: 139 (syn. by
Body elongate oblong. Anterior part of head strongly declined, or somewhat declined; anteocular area of head short, nearly conical; posterior margin of eyes adjacent to anterior margin of pronotum; ocelli present; antennae clothed with long setae, first antennal segment short, extending beyond apex of head; rostrum slender, extending to metasternum, first segment short and thick, second and third segments longest, fourth segment short; pronotum distinctly constricted transversally behind middle, posterior margin straight; scutellum long, subequal to width at base. Fore and mid femora moderately thickened, underneath with two to three rows of small spines; fore tibia slightly shorter than femur, apical part widened, with spongy fossula.
The genus includes two subgenera, Alloeorhynchus and Psilistus, and 49 species in the world (
1 | Middle of fore and mid femora ventrally not dentate or without horn-like extensions | 2 |
– | Middle of fore and mid femora ventrally dentate or with horn-like extensions | 3 |
2 | Body red, transverse constriction on pronotum distinct, apex of scutellum with two small tubercles | Alloeorhynchus (P.) corallinus (Stål, 1873) |
– | Body black, transverse constriction on pronotum indistinct, apex of scutellum round, without tubercles | Alloeorhynchus (P.) bakeri Harris, 1930 |
3 | Head blackish brown to black | 4 |
– | Head yellow | 6 |
4 | Anterior pronotal lobe yellow or pale yellowish brown | A. (A.) vinulus Stål, 1864 |
– | Anterior pronotal lobe blackish brown | 5 |
5 | Posterior pronotal lobe blackish brown, middle part paler; fore wing brown, middle part paler | A. (A.) sinicus Ren, 1998 |
– | Posterior pronotal lobe blackish brown to black; fore wing blackish brown, basal part paler | A. (A.) reinhardi Kerzhner & Günther, 1999 |
6 | Basal part of corium distinctly yellow; fore femur beneath with three distinct tubercles | A. (A.) notatus Distant, 1919 |
– | Basal, middle and apical part of corium with obscure yellow markings; fore femur beneath with four distinct tubercles | A. (A.) yunnanensis sp. n. |
Alloeorhynchus (Alloeorhynchus) reinhardi
Kerzhner & Günther, 1999, 33: 221;
1 female, China, Guizhou, Kaili, 3-III-2011, 26°34'15.93"N, 107°58'34.53"E, Zhao Ping leg.
Body blackish brown with pale yellowish-brown markings; head, thorax, scutellum, fore wing (except basal part of corium), and lateral sides of abdominal sterna blackish brown to black; antennae, rostrum, and legs yellow.
Color. Body blackish brown to black (Figs
Alloeorhynchus (Alloeorhynchus) reinhardi Kerzhner & Günther, 1999, female. 6 head and pronotum, antennae removed, lateral view 7 abdomen, lateral view 8 apical part of abdomen, ventral view 9 Ostiolar peritreme of metathoracic scent gland. Scale bar: 0.32 mm (6); 0.8 mm (7); 0.4 mm (8); 0.32 mm (9).
Structure and vestiture. Macropterous. Body elongate oblong, posteriorly gradually widened (Fig.
Measurements. Female, n = 1. Body length 5.70; maximal width of abdomen 2.30. Length of head 0.93; length of anteocular part 0.83; length of postocular part 0.50; length of synthlipsis 0.40; interocellar space 0.15; length of antennal segments I–IV= 0.60, 1.07, 0.97, 1.40; length of rostral segments I–IV=0.33, 1.07, 0.76, 0.27; length of collar 0.20; length of anterior lobe of pronotum 0.90; length of posterior lobe of pronotum 0.50; maximal width of thorax 1.73; length of scutellum 0.87; length of hemelytron 3.93.
China (Guizhou, Sichuan).
Holotype, male, China, Yunnan, Xishuangbannan, Mengla, Mengman Town, Nanping Village, 23-IV-2013, 21°17'18.86"N, 101°17'48.86"E, Wan Renjing and Zhao Ping leg.
Corium reddish brown, and its basal, middle and apical part with obscure yellow markings; fore femur beneath with four distinct tubercles; head greyish yellow, anterior pronotal lobe greyish brown with median longitudinal part yellow.
Color. Body greyish brown dorsally and pale yellowish ventrally. Basal, middle, and apical markings of corium, apical part of femur, basal part of tibia, two sides of abdomen ventrally tinged with red (Figs
Structure and vestiture. Body elongate oblong (Fig.
Alloeorhynchus (Alloeorhynchus) yunnanensis sp. n., male holotype. 11 head and pronotum, antennae removed, lateral view 12 abdomen, lateral view 13 pygophore, ventral view 14 phallobase 15, 16 paramere 17 phallus, lateral view 18 phallus, ventral view. Scale bar: 0.50 mm (11); 0.40 mm (12); 0.26 mm (13–18).
Measurements. Male, n = 1. Body length 5.86; maximal width of abdomen 2.00. Length of head 0.80; length of anteocular part 0.27; length of postocular part 0.20; length of synthlipsis 0.33; interocellar space 0.07; length of antennal segments I–IV= 0.53, 1.20, 1.13, 1.71; length of rostral segments I–IV=0.33, 0.97, 0.73, 0.27; length of anterior lobe of pronotum 0.93; length of posterior lobe of pronotum 0.53; maximal width of thorax 1.73; length of scutellum 1.00; length of hemelytron 4.00.
Female. Unknown.
China (Yunnan).
The specific name refers to the type locality of the new species.
The general body shape and the structure of fore leg resemble those of Alloeorhynchus (Alloeorhynchus) maculosus Kerzhner, 1992 (India, Sumatra). In the new species the neck of the head is greyish, the anterior pronotal lobe is greyish brown with pale markings, the markings on the corium of fore wing is obscure, and the fourth to seventh connexival segments are yellow basally with brown markings (vs. the anterior pronotal lobe yellowish and its anterior margin darker, the head is yellow, the markings on the corium of fore wing are distinct, and the fourth to fifth connexival segments have brown markings in A. (A.) maculosus). The species is also similar to Alloeorhynchus (Alloeorhynchus) fuscescens Kerzhner, 1992 (Nepal, Vietnam) and Alloeorhynchus (Alloeorhynchus) himalayensis Kerzhner, 1992 (northern India) in the body coloration and the body size, but the paramere in the new species is triangular with an apical protuberance (Figs
We sincerely thank Professor Ren Shuzhi (College of Life Science, Nankai University) and Dr Steffen Roth (University Museum of Bergen) for their helpful suggestions and constructive comments on the manuscript. This research is supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31760634), GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development (2019GDASYL-0302007, 2018GDASCX-0107, 2017GDASCX-0107), Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province [2015] 2008.