Research Article |
Corresponding author: Liang-Jing Yang ( ljyang2018@163.com ) Academic editor: Mike Wilson
© 2019 Liang-Jing Yang, Lin Yang, Zhi-Min Chang, Xiang-Sheng Chen.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Yang L-J, Yang L, Chang Z-M, Chen X-S (2019) Two new species of the tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae) from southwestern China. ZooKeys 861: 29-41. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.861.32594
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Two new species of the tribe Hemisphaeriini: Ceratogergithus brachyspinus Yang & Chen, sp. nov. (Yunnan) and Neohemisphaerius clavatus Yang & Chen, sp. nov. (Guizhou) are described and illustrated. A checklist to Hemisphaeriini genera is provided. The generic characteristics of the genera Ceratogergithus Gnezdilov, 2017 and Neohemisphaerius Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014 are redefined. Checklists and keys to the species of each genus are given.
Fulgoroidea, morphology, Oriental region, planthoppers, taxonomy
Hemisphaeriini Melichar, 1906 is the second largest tribe of the planthopper family Issidae with currently 25 genera and 181 species known (
Hemisphaeriini are characterized as follows: body hemispherical; vertex with anterior margin approximately transverse or triangularly elongate; pronotum with convex anterior margin; forewings thick and convex, claval suture present or absent, venation reticulate; hindwings single-lobed, being either well developed, i.e., longer than half length of forewings, venation reticulate, or rudimentary, shorter than half length of forewings, venation simple.
The tribe Hemisphaeriini is divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of the forewing claval suture. The genera Neohemisphaerius and Paramongoliana both have the forewing claval suture developed. The genus Neohemisphaerius was erected by
Hemisphaeriini are usually collected in broad-leaved forest, although some species are also found on Poaceae in open areas (
The morphological terminology follows
The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC) and one paratype of Neohemisphaerius clavatus Yang & Chen, sp. nov. in the Natural History Museum, London (
Bolbosphaerius Gnezdilov, 2013; Brunei, Vietnam.
Bruneastrum Gnezdilov, 2015; Borneo.
Ceratogergithus Gnezdilov, 2017; China: Hainan, Yunnan.
Choutagus Zhang, Wang & Che, 2006; China: Guangxi, Hainan.
Clypeosmilus Gnezdilov & A. Soulier-Perkins, 2017; Northern Vietnam.
Euxaldar Fennah, 1978; Vietnam.
Epyhemisphaerius Chan & Yang, 1994; China: Taiwan.
Euhemisphaerius Chan & Yang, 1994; China: Taiwan.
Gergithus Stål, 1870; India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Southern China, Thailand.
Gergithoides Schumacher, 1915; Japan, Southern China, Vietnam.
Gnezdilovius Meng, Webb & Wang, 2017; Southern China, Vietnam, Japan.
Hemisphaerius Schaum, 1850; China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
Hemisphaeroides Melichar, 1903; Sri Lanka.
Hemiphile Metcalf, 1952; Indonesia.
Hysteropterissus Melichar, 1906; New Guinea.
Hysterosphaerius Melichar, 1906; Singapore.
Ishiharanus Hori, 1969; Vietnam.
Macrodaruma Fennah, 1978; Southern China, Vietnam.
Maculergithus Constant & Pham, 2016; Northern Vietnam, Southern China.
Mongoliana Distant, 1906; Japan, Southern China.
Neogergithoides Sun, Meng & Wang, 2012; China: Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Vienam.
Neohemisphaerius Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014; Southern China.
Ophthalmosphaerius Gnezdilov, 2017; Southern China: Yunnan.
Paramongoliana Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014; China: Guizhou.
Rotundiforma Meng, Wang & Qin, 2013; China: Yunnan.
Ceratgergithus spinosus (Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007).
Vertex subsquare or transverse. Metope wide, without median carinae. Postclypeus with distinct median carinae, elevated above the level surface of base of the frons (Figs
China: Hainan, Yunnan.
This genus is similar to Gergithus and Neohemisphaerius, but can be clearly separated from Gergithus by the posterior margin of the pygofer with a large horn-shaped process (Fig.
Ceratogergithus chelates (Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007); China: Hainan.
Ceratogergithus pseudotessellatus (Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007); China: Hainan.
Ceratogergithus spinosus (Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007); China: Hainan.
Ceratogergithus brachyspinus Yang & Chen, sp. nov.; China: Yunnan.
1 | Clypeus with distinct median carina. Forewing with claval suture developed (Figs |
C. brachyspinus Yang & Chen, sp. nov. |
– | Clypeus without median carina. Forewing without claval suture | 2 |
2 | Forewing with four pale green transverse fasciae. Anal tube with apical margins strongly convex (in dorsal view) (Che et al. 2007: figs 26, 28) | C. chelates (Che, Zhang & Wang) |
– | Forewing and anal tube not as above | 3 |
3 | Forewing yellowish hazel. Anal tube with apical margins slightly concave (Che et al. 2007: figs 16, 18) | C. spinosus (Che, Zhang & Wang) |
– | Forewing dark with 3 large elongate spots in basal half, with 6 or 7 smaller elongate spots at apical margin in apical half. Anal tube margin nearly truncate (Che et al. 2007: figs 53, 55) | C. pseudotessellatus (Che, Zhang & Wang) |
Holotype: ♂, China: Yunnan, Daweishan National Nature Reserve (103°20'E, 23°07'N), 8 May 2016, L.-J. Yang. Paratypes: 1♂, same data as holotype; 1♂, same data as holotype, except 19 August, 2017, Y.-J. Sui. All in GUGC.
Male body length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewing): 5.16–5.31 mm (n = 3); male forewing 4.43–4.58 mm (n = 3); male hindwing 3.30–3.47 mm (n = 3).
Coloration (Figs
Ceratogergithus brachyspinus Yang & Chen, sp. nov. adult (male), 5 head and thorax, dorsal view 6 head and thorax, lateral view 7 face, front view 8 fore wing 9 hindwings 10 anal tube, dorsal view 11 anal tube, lateral view 12 pygofer and genital style, lateral view 13 capitulum of gonostylus, dorsal view 14 connective, lateral view 15 connective, caudal view 16 penis, right lateral view 17 penis, left lateral view 18 penis, ventral view 19 penis, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Head and thorax (Figs
Male genitalia (Figs
The specific name is derived from the Latin words “brachys”and “spina”, referring to the short lateral hooks on the basal third of the phallobase.
Unknown.
Southwestern China (Yunnan).
This species can be distinguished from all the other species of genus Ceratogergithus by the following characteristics: Frons with brick-red markings (Fig.
Neohemisphaerius wugangensis Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014.
Body hemispherical. Vertex about 2.5–3.9 times as wider than long along midline, anterior margin straight, posterior margin angulately excavated. Frons elongate, with median carina, lateral margins elevated. Clypeus with median carina moderately convex, median carinae with or without a tubercle process in middle. Pronotum depressed, edges elevated. Mesonotum subtriangular, anterior margin approximately straight. Forewings hemispherical, claval suture developed, without shoulder-like projections basally. Hindwing rudimentary, shorter than half length of forewing, venation indistinct and simple. Hind tibiae with 2 lateral teeth. Metatibiotarsal formula: (9, 10)–(4, 5)–2. Anal tube of male wide and short. Phallobase with pair of ventral hooks directed basad.
China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Guizhou).
Neohemisphaerius is similar to Hemisphaerius Schaum, 1850 and Gergithus Stål, 1870, but it differs from the two genera by having a frons with a median carina, and forewings with a claval suture developed. The genus Neohemisphaerius runs close to Paramongoliana in the key by
Neohemisphaerius clavatus Yang & Chen, sp. nov.; China: Guizhou.
Neohemisphaerius guangxiensis Zhang, Chang & Chen, 2016; China: Guangxi.
Neohemisphaerius wugangensis Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014; China: Hunan.
Neohemisphaerius yangi Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014; China: Guangdong.
1 | Frons with disc rugose (Fig. |
N. clavatus Yang & Chen, sp. nov. |
– | Frons with disc smooth ( |
2 |
2 | Forewings pale brown, with two black patches at costal margin ( |
N. guangxiensis |
– | Forewings black brown, with 4 or 5 light yellow patches ( |
3 |
3 | Frons with obscurely short median carinae; anal tube with apical margin round ( |
N. yangi |
– | Frons with distinctly long median carina; apical margin of anal tube sinuate (in dorsal view) ( |
N. wugangensis |
Holotype: ♂, China: Guizhou, Duyun, Doupengshan (107°07'E, 25°51'N), L.-J. Yang, 19 August 2017; paratypes 2♂♂, same data as holotype; 3♂♂, same data as holotype except J.-K. Long, 8 August 2016. GUGC and one paratype in
Male body length: 4.53–4.76 mm (n = 5); male forewings 4.23–4.38 mm (n = 5); male hindwing 1.17–1.42 (n = 5).
Coloration (Figs
Neohemisphaerius clavatus Yang & Chen, sp. nov. adult (male), 20 head and thorax, dorsal view 21 head and thorax, lateral view 22 head and thorax, front view 23 forewing 24 hindwing 25 anal tube, dorsal view 26 anal tube, lateral view 27 pygofer, lateral view 28 genital styles, lateral view 29 capitulum of gonostylus, dorsal view 30 connective, lateral view 31 penis left lateral view 32 penis, right lateral view 33 penis, ventral view 34 apical penis, dorsal view 35 penis, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Head and thorax (Figs
Male genitalia (Figs
The name of new species is derived from the Latin words “clavate”, referring to the club-shaped process of the aedeagus in basal third (in lateral view).
Bambusa emeiensis.
Southwestern China (Guizhou).
This species resembles N. wugangensis, N. yangi and N. guangxiensis, but can be distinguished by the following characteristics: Frons rough (Fig.
We are grateful to Dr. Mick Webb (Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, U. K.) for proofreading and advice. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31472033, 31601886), the Program of Science and Technology Innovation Talents Team, Guizhou Province (No. 20144001), the Program of Excellent Innovation Talents, Guizhou Province (No. 20154021), the International Cooperation Base for Insect Evolutionary Biology and Pest Control (No. 20165802), the Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2017M613002), the Science and Technology Project of Guiyang (No. 2017525), the Academic New Cultivation and Innovation Exploration Special Project of Guizhou University(No. 20175788) and the Science and Technology Program in Guizhou Province (No. 20177267, 20181032).