Research Article |
Corresponding author: Elisabeth Geiser ( elisabeth.geiser@gmx.at ) Academic editor: Michael Schmitt
© 2019 Elisabeth Geiser.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Geiser E (2019) To be or not to be a synonym – revision of the Donacia clavareaui-fukiensis complex (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Donaciinae). In: Schmitt M, Chaboo CS, Biondi M (Eds) Research on Chrysomelidae 8. ZooKeys 856: 27-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.856.32388
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The East Palaearctic species Donacia clavareaui Jacobson, 1906 and Donacia fukiensis Goecke, 1944 have been confused for decades. Finally, D. fukiensis was synonymized with D. clavareaui by
China, Fujian, East Palaearctic, Donacia clavareaui, Donacia fukiensis, Donacia kweilina, Donacia mediohirsuta, identification key, lectotype, Museum Frey, reed beetles, synonym, taxonomy
The East Palaearctic species of Donacia clavareaui Jacobson, 1906, D. fukiensis Goecke, 1944, D. kweilina Chen, 1966, and D. mediohirsuta Chen, 1966 all have in common that their pronotum is pubescent while their elytra are glabrous. All other East Palaearctic Donacia species have either hairs on both pronotum and elytra or no hairs.
Although the first descriptions of D. clavareaui and of D. fukiensis are very detailed (see Appendix 1, 2) it is not possible to distinguish these two species with the described characters alone. Worse, each description leads to D. clavareaui and to D. fukiensis without any contradiction. Therefore many misidentifications occurred, especially in specimens from China. Subsequently in the identification key of
CASC California Academy of Science, San Francisco
GBIF Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://www.gbif.org/
ISAC coll. IS Askevold, Florida
NSMK National Science Museum of Korea, Daejeon, South Korea
SDEI Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany
Russia: Buryatia, Kjachta, 50°21'N, 106°27'E
China: Fukien [Fujian], Kuatun [≈10 km NNE of Shaowu], 27°24'N, 117°24'E, 2300 m a.s.l.
(here designated to fix the identity of the species). NMB-FREY0000001: ♂ “Kuatun (2300m) 27,40 n. Br. 117,40 ö. L.; J. Klapperich [leg.] 7.5.1938 (Fukien)”.
3 ♂, ♀♀ 7.5.1938, 3 ♂♂, ♀ 27.04.1938 (other data same as lectotype) (Fig.
Goecke did not designate a single type specimen; his description derives from seven syntypes, which are the specimens mentioned above. All of them are stored in the
China: Guangxi, Kweilin, 25°16'55"N, 110°17'11"E.
♂, allotype: ♀, paratypes: 47 ♂♂, ♀♀ “Kwangsi: Kweilin (April-May, 1952)”
The type specimens are kept in
China: Yunnan, Shishong-Baana (Xishuangbanna), 22°1'N, 100°48'E, 1200 m a.s.l.
♀ “Yunnan: Shishong-Baana, 15.5.1958”
The type specimen is retained in
The characters of the type specimens of D. kweilina and D. mediohirsuta are analysed by the detailed first description of
In Table
List of specimen records of Donacia clavareaui, D. fukiensis, D. kweilina and D. mediohirsuta
Species | Location | Lat.–Long. | Province | Country | Date | Qty | Legit | Determinavit | Coll. | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D. clavareaui | Kjachta | 50°21.00'N; 106°27.00'E | Transbaikalia, Republic of Buryatia | Russia | – | 1 | Götzelmann | det. G. |
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Photograph of type specimen (website |
no details | – | Primorski krai (no more details) | Russia | – | det. Hayashi and Shiyake | – | Hayashi & Shiyake 2004, |
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a 30 km Suchebatora (= Süchbaatar) | 50°14'N; 106°12'E | Selenge | Mongolia | – | 1 | det. L. Medvedev vid. E. Geiser 2018 |
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specimen examined | ||
Mitanda, Katsuta | 36°22'N; 140°33'E | Ibaraki-ken, Honshu | Japan | 09.03.1988 | 10 | Y. Narita | det. Y. Narita |
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|
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Urizura | 36°30'N; 140°27'E | Ibaraki-ken, Honshu | Japan | 09.01.1991 | 12 | Y. Narita | det. Y. Narita |
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Mito-shi | 36°26.67'N; 140°26.18'E | Ibaraki-ken, Honshu | Japan | 05.14.1986 | 8 |
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GBIF [22.10.2018] | |||
Iwasemachi, Nishiibaraki-gun | 36°17'N; 140°25'E | Ibaraki-ken, Honshu | Japan | 05.28.1995 | 2 |
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GBIF [22.10.2018] | |||
Ishioka-shi | 36°13.13'N; 140°12.95'E | Ibaraki-ken, Honshu | Japan | 07.05.1987 | 2 |
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GBIF [22.10.2018] | |||
Chiba | 35°36'N; 140°6'E | Chibai-ken, Honshu | Japan | 05.13.1988 | 4 |
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GBIF [22.10.2018] | |||
Chiba | 35°36'N; 140°6'E | Chibai-ken, Honshu | Japan | 06.10.1988 | 2 |
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GBIF [22.10.2018] | |||
Chiba | 35°36'N; 140°6'E | Chibai-ken, Honshu | Japan | 05.20.1987 | 4 |
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GBIF [22.10.2018] | |||
Harbin (Charbin) | 45°45'N; 126°39'E | Heilongjiang (Amur-Province) | China | 07.02.1950 | 1 | W. Alin | det. H. Goecke 1952 vid. E. Geiser 2017 | SDEI | Specimen examined | |
Harbin (Charbin) | 45°45'N; 126°39'E | Heilongjiang (Amur-Province) | China | 26.–29.08.1953 | 2 | Kardakoff | det. H. Goecke 1952 vid. E. Geiser 2018 |
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Specimen examined | |
Harbin (Charbin) | 45°45'N; 126°39'E | Heilongjiang (Amur-Province) | China | 26.–29.08.1953 | 2 | Kardakoff | det. A. Schneider 1956 vid. E. Geiser 2018 |
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Specimen examined | |
Harbin (Charbin) | 45°45'N; 126°39'E | Heilongjiang (Amur-Province) | China | 26.–29.08.1953 | 36 | Kardakoff | det. H. Goecke 1956 vid. E. Geiser 2018 |
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Specimen examined | |
Harbin (Charbin) | 45°45'N; 126°39'E | Heilongjiang (Amur-Province) | China | 06.06.1954 | 6 | det. S. Cong & P. Yu |
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|
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D. clavareaui | Harbin (Charbin) | 45°45'N; 126°39'E | Heilongjiang (Amur-Province) | China | 06.06.1954 | 4 | det. I. Askevold | ISAC |
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Imianpo, Harbin (Charbin) | 45°45'N; 126°39'E | Heilongjiang (Amur-Province) | China | July 1938 | 1 | Weymarn | det. S. Cong | CASC |
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Guanhsien | 30°08'N; 102°56'E | Szechuan (2000 – 3000 ft) | China | 1930 | 1 | D.C. Graham | vid. Cong&Yu |
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Nulno-ri, Papyeong-myeon, Paju-shi | 37°55.23'N; 126°51.96'E | Gyeonggi-do | South Korea | 06.18.2015 | 6 | S.L. An | det. S.L. An | NSMK |
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D. fukiensis | Kuatun | 27°24.00'N; 117°24.00'E | Fujian (2300 m a.s.l.) | China | 04.07.1938 | 2 | J. Klapperich | det. E. Geiser 2018 |
|
Specimen examined |
Kuatun | 27°24.00'N; 117°24.00'E | Fujian (2300 m a.s.l.) | China | 04.12.1938 | 1 | J. Klapperich | det. E. Geiser 2018 |
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Specimen examined | |
Kuatun | 27°24.00'N; 117°24.00'E | Fujian (2300 m a.s.l.) | China | 04.25.1938 | 2 | J. Klapperich | det. E. Geiser 2018 |
|
Specimen examined | |
Kuatun | 27°24.00'N; 117°24.00'E | Fujian (2300 m a.s.l.) | China | 04.27.1938 | 3 | J. Klapperich | (det. |
|
Paralectotypes examined | |
Kuatun | 27°24.00'N; 117°24.00'E | Fujian (2300 m a.s.l.) | China | 05.07.1938 | 4 | J. Klapperich | (det. |
|
Lectotype and paralectotypes examined | |
Kuatun | 27°24.00'N; 117°24.00'E | Fujian (2300 m a.s.l.) | China | 05.11.1938 | 1 | J. Klapperich | det. E. Geiser 2018 |
|
Specimen examined | |
Kuatun | 27°24.00'N; 117°24.00'E | Fujian (2300 m a.s.l.) | China | 05.24.1938 | 1 | J. Klapperich | det. E. Geiser 2018 |
|
Specimen examined | |
Kuatun | 27°24.00'N; 117°24.00'E | Fujian (2300 m a.s.l.) | China | 05.07.1938 | 1 | J. Klapperich | det. Goecke 1952 vid. E. Geiser 2017 | SDEI | Specimen examined | |
Huangkeng, Jiangyang | 27°20'N; 118°7'E | Fujian | China | 28.03.1960, 05.–12.04.1960 | 7 | F. Pu | det. P. Yu |
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|
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Jiangyang | 27°20'N; 118°7'E | Fujian | China | – | 1 | F. Pu | det. I. Askevold | ISAC |
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D. kweilina | Kweilin | 25°16.92'N; 110°17.18'E | Guangxi | China | April-May 1952 | 47 | – | det. S. Cong&Yu |
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Kweilin | 25°16.92'N; 110°17.18'E | Guangxi | China | April-May 1952 | 2 | – | det. I. Askevold | ISAC |
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D. mediohirsuta | Shishong-Baana (Xishuangbanna) | 22°1.88'N, 100°50.29'E | Yunnan (1200 m a.s.l.) | China | 05.15.1958 | 1 | – | det. S. Chen; vid. Cong&Yu |
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In the 1940s Goecke, a world-renowned Donaciinae specialist, examined specimens of D. clavareaui in the collection of the Museum Alexander Koenig in Bonn (Germany). He recognized that the specimens from Fujian (south-east China) were different in some characters which are typical for species limitation in Donacia. In 1944 Goecke published the description of the new species D. fukiensis which he split from D. clavareaui.
The description of
In 1961 Gressitt and Kimoto published their comprehensive volume “The Chrysomelidae of China and Korea”. Because there were so many Chinese specimens misidentified as D. fukiensis they assumed that D. clavareaui was restricted to Siberia. Therefore their identification key contains only D. fukiensis. The characters they mention in their key are applicable to both species. Their key became famous and widespread. Subsequently almost all specimens of D. clavareaui outside Siberia were identified as D. fukiensis from then on.
In the 1980s Askevold worked on his comprehensive revision of the genus Donacia. He investigated the type specimen of D. clavareaui which has been stored in the collection of the
In the 1990s Cong and Yu worked on a list of the Donaciinae of China. They recognized some differences in the specimens labelled D. clavareaui from Fujian as compared with specimens from other parts of China (as Goecke did more than 50 years before). Therefore they intended to study the type specimens of D. fukiensis from Goecke in Museum Frey. At that time, once again no loan of specimens was possible, but for a short period during the quarrels about the Frey collection it was stored at the
The third volume of Water Beetles of China was published by Jäch and Ji in 2003 with Konstantinov as the author of the chapter about aquatic Chrysomelidae (
In 2010 two very important comprehensive studies on Chrysomelidae were published: the Identification Key of Palaearctic Chrysomelidae (
In 2015 a global checklist on Donaciinae was published (
In 2017 I visited the collection of the SDEI in Müncheberg, Germany, which contains specimens of D. clavareaui and D. fukiensis, both identified by Goecke in 1952. I saw immediately what Goecke and Cong and Yu had seen before: that these two specimens differ in characters which are typical for separate species of Donaciinae. Fortunately the type specimens are accessible now in the
Georg Frey (1902–1976) was the owner of a clothes-producing company (“Lodenfrey”). He had an ardent interest in beetles, and attended and paid for field trips worldwide to collect beetles; he also bought collections from specialists. Near his house in Tutzing (south of Munich, Bavaria, Germany) he established a private museum and employed up to five scientists and assistants. When the Donaciinae specialist Hans Goecke died in 1963 Georg Frey bought his famous collection containing many type specimens (
In the decades after the WWII scientific institutions like natural history museums had insufficient and often only provisional storage facilities. At the Museum Frey the Goecke collection was well maintained as Frey employed the then-Chrysomelidae specialists, Jan Bechyne and Gerhard Scherer. When Georg Frey died in 1976, a quarrel began in the Frey family. The sons of Georg Frey intended to donate the whole collection to the
The head, antennae, legs, and pronota are very similar, but their elytra are strikingly different. The main character differences are
– Shape of the contour of the elytra
– Punctures of the elytra
– Elytral epipleura
– Elytral apex
– Female: last sternite
– Male: aedeagus
All these character differences are typical for species in the genus Donacia. There are some well-established species in Donacia which differ in much more subtle characters. Therefore it was correct that
In Table
Common and different characters of Donacia clavareaui and Donacia fukiensis. Each character was based on specimens indicated in Table
D. clavareaui | D. fukiensis | ||
---|---|---|---|
General | Medium sized, pitchy brown, dark bronze, shiny, antennae and legs partially reddish, hind femora don’t reach the apex of the elytra, hind femora claviform with acute tooth, pronotal disc with very fine hairs, elytra glabrous | ||
Body | |||
Shape | Habitus like typical Donacia (Fig. |
Habitus resembles Plateumaris (Fig. |
|
Sex difference | Males in general more slender and shorter than the females | ||
Colour | Dark metallic-bronze, greenish-bronze, metallic-cupreous | Shiny bronze | |
Colour of antennae and legs | Antennae and legs partially yellow, reddish or brown, the extent of the colour is very variable within specimens | ||
Ventral | Ventral hairs as usual on Donacia, density variable, the colour of the hairs depends on the lighting | ||
Size | ♂ 6.5- 8.0 mm (avg: 7.5), ♀ 8.0-9.0 mm (avg: 8.5) | ||
Head | |||
Antennae lenght | Filiform, slender, almost half as long as the length of the body, in some male specimens reaching farther than the middle of the elytra | ||
Antennomeres | A2+A3 ≈ A1 ≈ A4 ≈ A5; A2 < A3 | ||
The length relations of the single segments to each other are quite variable. The basal parts of the antennomeres are rufous or yellow, the apical parts are dark and sometimes metallic, the ratio between the two colour parts shows a great variation among the specimens | |||
Antennal tubercles | The antennal tubercles are flattened, with a narrow groove between them | ||
Head disc | Head disc straight at front with a deep middle groove | ||
Calli | Calli indistinct, some specimens without calli | ||
Frons and eyes | Eyes wide apart, the frons width is four times the measured value of the eye width, with no difference between male and female specimens | ||
Pronotum | |||
Surface | Pronotum pubescent, with very fine hairs, on some specimens very difficult to be seen | ||
Surface | Pronotum finely and densely punctured (Fig. |
Irregularly punctured, in between the punctures shiny. Often the punctures are more dense in the anterior and posterior part than in the middle part. Density of the punctures shows a great variation between individual specimens (Fig. |
|
Shape | Almost quadratic, in some male specimens slightly longer than wide, in some female specimens wider than long. Anterior margin slightly convex, anterior angles well developed, anterior tubercles rather flat, only slightly protruding | ||
Scutellum | Scutellum with thin and short hairs | ||
Elytra | |||
Shape | Typically Donacia-shaped | Rather Plateumaris-shaped | |
General features | Approx. twice as long as wide, in most male specimens slightly longer than double width (ratio 2.1), in most female specimens slightly shorter (ratio 1.9) glabrous and shiny | ||
Impressions | Slightly visible only on some specimens | ||
Punctures and intervals | Punctures strong and deep, intervals distincly wrinkled (Fig. |
Punctures very delicate, not deep, intervals only slightly wrinkled, very smooth (Fig. |
|
Epipleura | Elytral epipleura approx. as wide or wider than 10th interval (Fig. |
Elytral epipleura narrower than 10th interval (Fig. |
|
Apex | Elytral apex truncated, the external angle slightly rounded (Fig. |
Elytral apex indistinctly truncated, evenly and widely rounded with very smooth outer and inner angles (Fig. |
|
Abdomen | |||
Pygidium | Distinctly arcuately emarginate | Truncated and slightly recessed in the middle | |
Male last sternite | Apex rectangularly truncated and triangularly impressed | Slightly impressed at the apical ridge | |
Female last sternite | Basic contour distinctive triangular (Fig. |
Basic contour convex without a distinctive peak and broadly rounded (Fig. |
|
Legs | |||
General | Strong legs, all femora clavate, especially at the ♂, at the ♀ mostly more slender, hind femora short, even at the ♂ they don’t reach the apex of the elytra by far. Posterior femora with a prominent tooth, which is often broader at the ♂, at the ♀ more slender and more acute. Legs partly reddish, some specimens with completely red anterior tibia, some specimens with rather dark legs | ||
Anterior Tibia | Anterior tibia shows a protruding tooth towards outward at the insertion of the tarsomere. D. fukiensis: Fig. |
||
D. clavareaui: Fig. |
|||
It is clearly visible on most specimens, but on some indistinctly | |||
Tarsomeres | The 1st and 3rd tarsomere have approx. the same length, the 2nd one is by a third shorter | ||
Aedeagus | |||
Shape | Aedeagus very straight, outer contours in frontal view rather parallel. Median lobe distinctly protruding: Fig. |
Aedeagus more curved, thickened, narrowed towards the apex. Median lobe slightly protruding: Fig. |
Characters of D. kweilina | Comments |
---|---|
Colour aeneo-cupreous (♂, ♀) sometimes sky-blue (♂) | D. clavareaui is also aeneo-cupreous, sometimes blue males occur in Donaciinae species |
Antennae and legs entirely deep coloured, not partly rufous | This occurs also in other Donacia species where most of the specimens have partially rufous antennae and legs; colour also very variable in D. clavareaui |
Antennae: third segment slightly longer than second and distinctly shorter than fourth | same proportions of antennomeres in D. clavareaui |
Head with four weak tubercles, the median longitudinal furrow deep and complete. Pronotum more thickly pubescent, very closely punctured, and covered with silvery hairs, the antero-lateral tubercles distinct, the angles fairly strongly produced. Elytra rather smooth on inner disc, the punctures oblong, the interstices broad, approx. 2–3 times as broad as the cross diameter of the punctures. Apex truncate with the outer angles broadly rounded. | All these characters can be clearly seen at the holotype specimen of D. clavareaui |
Elytral epipleuron narrow and divided from outermost interval by sharp ridge throughout the entire length of elytra | This character is also clearly shown at D. clavareaui (Fig. |
Last abdominal segment of ♀ much longer and somewhat triangular in shape (Fig. |
Same typical shape as D. clavareaui (Fig. |
Hind femora (♂, ♀) broadly toothed beneath, the femora of ♂ not distinctly thicker than those of ♀ | Same as D. clavareaui, thickness of hind femora variable |
Aedeagus: Apex of median lobe cordiform ( |
|
Length: 8 mm | Length of D. clavareaui: 6.5–9.0 mm |
The characters which should distinguish D. kweilina from D. clavareaui are either the same or within the variations range of D. clavareaui. Therefore D. kweilina is a synonym of D. clavareaui.
Donacia mediohirsuta is known only by the type specimen, a single female specimen from Yunnan, Shishong-Baana (
Characters of D. mediohirsuta | Comments |
General colour cupreous | Same colour as D. clavareaui |
Antennae with the terminal segments rufo-piceous, 3–5 segments partly rufous and partly piceous | Same as D. clavareaui |
Third antennae segment distinctly longer than the second one, but slightly shorter than the fourth one | Same as D. clavareaui |
Pronotum more transversal | In D. clavareaui the pronotum is as long as wide or slightly longer than wide; female specimens of Donacia sp. sometimes have a slightly broader pronotum |
Pronotum finely pubescent only on the median groove | Pronotum pubescence varies in D. clavareaui |
The longitudinal furrow of interocular area much deeper, extending uninterrupted to between the supra-antennal tubercles | These characters are distinctly visible at the holotype specimen of D. clavareaui |
Anterior tibiae scarcely produced at apex | Variable; the protruded angle of the anterior tibia is mostly distinct, but in some specimens difficult to recognize |
Hind femora (♀) very weekly toothed beneath | Variable in Donacia sp., especially female specimens have weak teeth in comparison with male specimens |
Last abdominal sternite (♀) more strongly angulate at apex (Fig. |
Same typical shape as D. clavareaui (Fig. |
Length ♀: 8 mm | Length of D. clavareaui ♀: 8.0-9.0 mm |
According to
1 | Pronotum with fine hairs on the disc (sometimes difficult to be seen, often more than 10 times magnification is necessary and lighting from different directions), elytra glabrous | 2 |
– | Either pronotum and elytra are glabrous or both are pubescent | other Donacia spp. |
2 | Specimen from Nearctic region | D. hirticollis Kirby, 1837 |
– | Specimen from Palaearctic region | 3 |
3 | Pronotum shape trapezoid, conical, anterior margin shorter than the posterior one, in male pronotum glabrous, here female only | D. kraatzi Weise, 1881 |
– | Pronotum shape rectangular, anterior margin wider than or as wide as the posterior one | 4 |
4 | Pronotum as well as basal portion of elytra thickly covered with curved yellowish silver hairs, distal end of anterior tibia not produced laterally | D. hirtihumeralis Komiya & Kubota, 1987 |
– | Pronotum covered with fine hairs, on elytra there are few hairs on the vertical surface anterior to humeral callus, distal end of anterior tibia produced laterally | 5 |
5 | Punctures on elytra rather strong, intervals one to two (sometimes three) times as wide as the diameter of the punctures, elytral epipleuron approx. as wide or wider than 10th interval, elytral apex truncate (Fig. |
D. clavareaui Jacobson, 1906 |
– | Punctures on elytra rather fine, intervals three to seven times as wide as the diameter of the punctures, elytral epipleuron less wide (ca. ½ or ¾ of width) than 10th interval, elytral apex rounded (Fig. |
D. fukiensis Goecke, 1944 |
Due to the taxonomic problems there are only few reliable records, listed in Table
The known distribution of D. clavareaui is shown in Figure
Donacia specimens are difficult to collect. The adults can be caught only during a period of a few weeks in late spring and early summer. This period shifts every year due to local weather conditions. Most rare species are found within groups of many specimens of other similar looking, more common Donacia species, and they are therefore often overlooked.
All Donaciinae species develop and feed on plants associated with water. As far as the food plants are known, Donacia species are monophagous or oligophagous. Some adults feed on pollen, mostly on Cyperaceae (
The larva of D. clavareaui has been described by
If specimens of D. clavareaui and D. fukiensis are compared directly, the differences are striking, especially of the elytra. Although the first descriptions of these species are comprehensive and detailed, they both described both species. Furthermore, it was not possible to create a reliable identification key without correctly identified specimens to hand. This created a vicious circle and caused decades of misidentifications, as well as the splitting of new species from a conglomerate of what was in fact two species. The situation was worsened by the inaccessibility of the type series of D. fukiensis in the Frey collection for a long period.
If specimens are identified incorrectly, all further studies on ecology and distribution are useless. In Figure
It is also very difficult to infer the distribution of D. clavareaui from its food plant. According to GBIF [https://www.gbif.org/species/2718286; 24.10.2018] Scirpus fluviatilis occurs outside of North America only in Japan and Korea and some spots on the east coast of Australia. The data provided by KewScience [https://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=221898; 24.10.2018] indicate further records from New Zealand, but no records in Asia; GBIF shows only one record of Isolepis fluitans from Ceylon. Scirpus maritimus is widespread, but there is only one record from China and none from Russia. It is very likely that D. clavareaui feeds on Scirpus sp. sensu lato.
Although both species are rare, I hope this paper will trigger some interest to examine the fauna more carefully during field trips in this area. If recent sample sites are known, it would be possible to find the food plant and larvae of D. fukiensis and to analyse the DNA of both species, to include them in the phylogenetic tree published by
As this work shows the importance of accessible and well-maintained museum collections, I am happy to thank these colleagues for their support during my research in their collections: Matthias Borer, Eva Sprecher, Christoph Germann, and Isabelle Zürcher (
Donacia clavareaui Jacobson, 1906. Original description in Latin and translation into English. The Latin text from
Character | Latin | English |
---|---|---|
General | Forma corporis coloreque superficiei supernae D. bactriana Weise turcestanicam et D. Koenigi m. caucasiam admonet, in systemate generis autem solum prope D. intermediam m. collocanda (1); | Owing to shape and surface colour as to be seen on the upper side it looks like D. bactriana Weise from Turkestan and like my D. Koenigi from the Caucasus, but in the system of the genus has to be placed near my D. intermedia only (1); |
(1) Cf. Opusculum meum in Ann. Mus. Zool. St.-Pétersb., V, 1899, pp. 4 et 7. Quam speciem novam prope D. cineream Herbst, tomentosam Ahr., Kraatzi Weise et microcephalam J. Daniel non pono, quod hae species pilositatem superficiei supernae talemcunque habent, ac pilositatem superficiei infernae. | (1) Compare my article in Ann. Mus. Zool. St.-Pétersburg, V, 1899, pp 4 and 7. This new species I don’t put near D. cinerea Herbst, tomentosa Ahr., Kraatzi Weise and microcephala J Daniel, because the surface of these species is as pubescent on the upper side as it is on the underside. | |
nam ab omnibus speciebus, quae femora dentata habent, pronoto hirto tibiisque rufis unicoloribus facillime distinguenda; | because it can be easily distinguished from all other species with teeth on the femora by the pubescent pronotum and the uniformly coloured red tibiae; | |
inter ceteras species pedibus antennisque rufovariegatis ornatas femoribus omnibus fortiter incrassatis posticisque dente sat valido atque acuto armatis agnoscitur. – ♂. | it is recognizable among the other species which are decorated with red patterned legs and antennae by the heavily thickened femora at each leg and the rather prominent and acute tooth on the hind femora. – ♂. | |
Sat elongata, nitidula, subtus ut in D. thalassina Germ. dense flavaureo-pubescens [solum in prothoracis epipleuris pubescentia densa minus expansa, partem inferiorem occupante], | Quite longish, feebly shiny, underside with dense golden hairs as on D. thalassina Germ. [only at the epipleura of the prothorax the dense pubescence less spread and occupying the lower part], | |
General | aeneo-cuprea, antennarum articulis omnibus (apicalibus majore parte) basi, palpis omnino, mandibularum apice, labri margine apicali, trochanteribus, femorum triente basali ipsoque apice, tibiis omnibus tarsisque fere omnibus [superne nonnihil infuscatis] rufis. | metallic-cupreous, rufous are the basal parts of all antennae segments ([and] the major part of the apical ones), the whole palpae, the apical part of the mandibles, the apical margin of the labrum, the trochanters, the basal third and the end part of the femora, all tibiae and almost all [on the upper part slightly brownish] tarsomeres. |
Head | Caput oculis sat magnis valdeque prominentibus; | The head with quite large and very protruding eyes; |
temporibus dense scopariis; | the tempora with dense, brush-like hairs; | |
canaliculo mediano profundo latoque; | the middle groove deep and broad; | |
tuberculis frontalibus indistinctis. | the frontal calli indistinct. | |
Antennae | Antennae dimidiam corporis longitudinem attingentes, tenues, articulo 2° tertio in ¼ breviore, art. 4° quinto vix perspicue breviore. | The antennae half as long as the length of the body, slender, the 2nd segment by a quarter shorter than the third one, the 4th one almost unrecognizably shorter than the fifth one. |
Pronotum | Pronotum sericeum, latitudine aequilongum, postrorsum distincte subrectilineatim angustatum, medio nonnihil constrictum, callis lateralibus vix discretis, angulis anticis nonnihil incrassatis, sed extrorsum parum eminentibus; | Pronotum silky, as long as broad, towards the rear part distinctly almost rectangularly constricted, in the middle part slightly narrowed, lateral tubercles indistinct, anterior angles slightly thickened, but protruding only a little bit; |
canaliculo mediano haud profundo, solum medio distincto, antice posticeque omnino evanescente; | middle groove non deep, distinct only in the middle part, towards the front and backwards dissolving; | |
disco nec profonde [sic!], nec fortiter punctato, punctis omnibus piliferis, medio majoribus sparsisque, antice posticeque minutis confertisque; | the disc punctured neither deeply nor strongly, all punctures with hairs, in the middle part larger and scattered, at the front and backwards small and dense; | |
pilis semierectis, pallidis; | the hairs half-erect, pale; | |
interspatiis puncturum [sic!] dense inaequaliterque rugulosis; | intervals between the punctures densely and irregularly wrinkled; | |
rugulis irregularibus; proëpipleuris densissime irregulariter rugulosis ac punctulatis, subopacis, sparsim pilosulis. | wrinkles irregular; the pro-epipleura very densely irregularly wrinkled and finely punctured, almost matt, with scattered small hairs. | |
Scutellum | Scutellum dense ruguloso punctulatum atque tenuiter breviterque pubescens. | Scutellum dense wrinkly finely punctured and with thin and short hairs. |
Elytra | Elytra quadrante basali subparallela, dein ad apicem gradatim rotundato-angustata, apice rectissime truncata, angulo exteriore parum rotundato; | The elytra in the basal quarter almost parallel, then toward the apex gradually roundly narrowed, the apex exactly rectangularly truncated, external angle slightly rounded; |
impressionibus, punctura et sculptura interspatiorum eadem ut in bactriana, solum interstitio primo postice rugulis transversis minus copiosis, minus expressis minusque regularibus. | impressions, puncture and texture of the intervals the same as with bactriana, only the first interval apically with fewer, lesser distinct and lesser regular transverse wrinkles. | |
Meta-sternum | Metasternum medio late excavatum (♂). | Metasternum with a broad hollow in the middle (♂). |
Abdomen | Abdomen segmento primo medio longitudinaliter late impresso, segmento ultimo apice recte truncato et triangulariter impresso (♂). | The first segment of the abdomen in the middle longwise broadly impressed, the apex of the last segment rectangularly truncated and triangularly impressed (♂). |
Pygidium | Pygidium distincte arcuato-emarginatum. | Pygidium distinctly arcuately emarginate. |
Legs | Pedes fortes, femoribus omnibus incrassatis, posticis dente sat valido acutoque armatis deinque nonnihil crenulatis; | Strong legs, all femora thickened, the hind ones armed with a quite prominent and acute tooth and afterwards slightly notched; |
elytrorum apicem non attingentibus; | not reaching the apex of the elytra; | |
tibiis posticis flexuosis, trientis primi apice vix inflato, absque crenulis. | hind tibiae curved, scarcely broadened at the end of the first third, without notches. | |
Size | Long. 8 mill.; lat. 2,6 mill. Habitat Provinciae Transbaicalicae urbem Kjachta in Sibira orientali (coll. Clavareau). | Length 8 mm; width 2.6 mm. Inhabits the town of Kjachta in the province of Transbaicalia in eastern Siberia (coll. Clavareau). |
Donacia fukiensis Goecke, 1944. Original description in German and translation into English.
Character | German | English |
---|---|---|
General | Mittelgroße einheitlich dunkelbronzefarbige glänzende Tiere mit äußerst fein behaartem Halsschild, die ♂♂ schlanker und kleiner als die ♀♀, deren Schenkel viel weniger keulig verdickt und deren 1. Hinterleibssegment nicht abgeplattet ist. Die Tiere sind im Habitus sehr einheitlich, in der Ausbildung der einzelnen Merkmale sehr variabel. | Medium sized uniform dark bronzy shiny animals with an extremelyfinely pubescent pronotum, the males more slender and shorter than the females, which have a much lesser clubbed thickened femur and their 1st abdominal segment is not flattened. The animals’ habitus is very uniform, the formation of the single characters is very variable. |
Head | Oberkiefer überragt die Oberlippe um etwas mehr als deren Länge, pechbraun, Kiefertaster gelb, bei einigen Stücken das letzte Glied an der Spitze braun. | Mandibula overlaps the labrum a bit more than its length, pitchy brown, maxillary palps yellow, at some specimens the last segment brown at the apex. |
Oberlippe etwa 2mal so breit wie lang, Vorderrand schwach konvex abgerundet, hinterer Rand mit langen Borsten, die bis über den Vorderrand ragen, Vorderrand mit kürzeren Borsten, dazwischen unbehaart. | Labrum ca. twice as broad as long, front margin slightly convexly rounded, basal margin with long setae, reaching beyond the front margin, front margin with shorter setae, in between without setae. | |
Kopfschild vorn gerade, 2mal so breit wie die Seitenkante lang. | Head plate straight at front, twice as broad as the length of the side margin. | |
Anten-nae | Die Fühler sind fadenförmig, nicht sehr lang, ihr Ende überragt beim ♂ die Mitte der Flügeldecke, beim ♀ sind sie erheblich kürzer. 2. Glied am kürzesten, etwa halb so lang wie das 1., das 3. um 1/5 bis um die Hälfte länger als das 2., das 4. 1 ½ fach bis doppelt so lang als das zweite. Die einzelnen Glieder in ihrer Länge zueinander recht variabel. Fühlerglieder gelb bis dunkelbraun. 1. - 6. Glied mäßig dicht, 7. – 11. dichter behaart. | The antennae are filiform, not very long, in males reaching farer than the middle of the elytra, in females they are significantly shorter. 2nd segment the shortest, about half as long as the 1st one, the 3rd one about one fifth to one half longer than the 2nd one, the 4th one is one and a half times to double the length of the second one. The length relations of the single segments are quite variable to each other. Antennomeres yellow to dark brown. The 1st to 6th one with moderately dense hairs, the 7th to 11th one with more densely packed hairs. |
Die Fühlerhöcker sind abgeplattet, dazwischen befindet sich eine schmale Furche, die Abplattung ist mehr oder weniger glänzend, fast ohne Punkte oder mäßig dicht punktiert, dahinter befindet sich eine mehr oder weniger deutliche Vertiefung, die gegen die Fühlerhöcker durch eine querliegende Kante abgesetzt ist. Die Stirnhöcker sind ziemlich flach und breit. Äußere Gruben flacher oder tiefer, innere Gruben schwach entwickelt. | The antennal tubercles are flattened, with a narrow groove between them, the flattened part is more or less shiny, almost without punctures or moderately densely punctured, behind it there is a more or less distinct depression, which is separated against the antennal tubercles by a transverse ridge. The calli are quite flattened and broad. Outer grooves more flattened or deeper, inner grooves shallow. | |
Stirn mäßig dicht punktiert und behaart, glänzend. | Frons moderately densely punctured and pubescent, shiny. | |
Hals hinter den Augen kaum verengt, Schläfen schwach entwickelt. | Neck scarcely narrowed behind the eyes, temples indistinct. | |
Augen klein, weit auseinanderstehend. | Eyes small, wide apart. | |
Pro-notum | Halsschild an den vorderen Seitenhöckern am breitesten und etwa so breit wie in der Mitte lang. Bei einem Exemplar war das Halsschild allerdings erheblich länger. | Broadest part of the pronotum at the anterolateral tubercles and approximately as broad as its length in the midst. However the pronotum of one specimen was considerably longer. |
Die Vorderecken sind gut entwickelt, sie ragen aber weder über den Vorderrand noch über die Seitenhöcker vor. | The anterior angles are well developed, but neither protruding beyond the anterior margin nor the lateral tubercles. | |
Vorderrand leicht konvex, gegen die Scheibe nicht, oder durch eine feine, oft unregelmäßige Linie abgesetzt. | Anterior margin slightly convex, not distinctly separated against the disc, or by a subtle, often irregular line. | |
Hinterecken mehr oder weniger gut entwickelt, wenig vorragend. | Posterior angles more or less well developed, scarcely protruding. | |
Hinterrand stark konvex, gegen die Scheibe nicht, oder durch eine feine, oft unregelmäßige Linie abgesetzt. | Posterior margin distinctly convex, not distinctly separated against the disc, or by a subtle, often irregular line. | |
Die Scheibe des Halsschildes ist sehr variabel, gleichmäßig flach gewölbt, fast ohne Andeutung einer Mittelfurche oder auch abgeplattet und mit kräftiger Längsfurche. Die Mittelfurche erreicht weder den Vorderrand noch den Hinterrand, sie geht vorne oder hinten höchstens in eine sehr schwache oder nur angedeutete Vertiefung über. | The disc of the pronotum is very variable, evenly shallowly domed, almost without a hint of a central groove or flattened and with a distinct longitudinal groove. The central groove neither reaches the anterior nor the posterior margin, at the most it peters out to a shallow or only indistinct impression ahead or rearmost. | |
Pro-notum | Vordere Seitenhöcker deutlich, nach oben ein wenig oder kaum, gegen die Vorderecken kräftig, nach hinten schwach abgesetzt. Hintere Seitenhöcker schwach entwickelt. Wenig dicht, unregelmäßig punktiert, zwischen den Punkten glänzend. Oft ist die Punktierung vorne und hinten dichter als in der Mitte. Die Dichte der Punktierung ist aber bei den einzelnen Exemplaren sehr verschieden. | Anterior lateral tubercles distinct, against above slightly or scarcely, against the anterior angles distinctly, against backwards slightly separated. Posterior lateral tubercles poorly developed. Not densely, irregularly punctured, in between the punctures shiny. Often the punctures are more dense in the anterior and posterior part than in the middle part. But the density of the punctures is very different between single specimens. |
Der Halsschild ist behaart. Es befinden sich nämlich in den Punkten äußerst feine, kurze, sehr schwer sichtbare Borsten. | The pronotum is pubescent. For inside the punctures there are exceedingly delicate, short setae which are very difficult to be seen. | |
Prothorax | Die Episternen der Vorderbrust sind grob längs gerunzelt, der behaarte Fleck ist nur schwach behaart. | The episterna of prothorax are coarsely longitudinally wrinkled, the hairy patch is only feebly pubescent. |
Elytra | Flügeldecken von vorn nach hinten schwach, zu den Seiten stärker gleichmäßig gewölbt, doppelt so lang wie zusammen breit. Die Seiten verlaufen parallel bis zum 2. Drittel und sind dann gleichmäßig zu den einzeln abgerundeten Enden gewölbt. Eine Abstutzung ist kaum angedeutet. | Elytra feebly domed from anterior to posterior, more distinctly and evenly towards the margins, twice as long as the breadth of both. Outer contour parallel from anterior to the second third, then evenly domed towards the singly rounded apices. Truncation indistinct. |
Die Punktierung ist sehr fein. Die Punkte sind länglich. | The dotting is very delicate. The punctures are longish. | |
Die Zwischenräume sind flach und breit, glänzend mit flachen weit auseinander stehenden Querrunzeln und einer sehr feinen mehr oder weniger dichten Mikropunktur. Der 1. Zwischenraum ist fast glatt mit nur sehr schwacher Quer-, Längs- oder Schrägrunzelung und im hinteren Drittel auf beiden Seiten von einer linienförmigen Kante begrenzt. | The intervals are flattened and broad, shiny with flat, greatly separated transverse wrinkles and with very fine more or less dense micropuncture. The 1st interval is almost glabrous with only weak transversal, longitudinal or diagonal wrinkles and margined on both sides with a ridge like a solid line in the last third. | |
Die Schulter ist schwach entwickelt, ziemlich glänzend, schwach punktiert und gerunzelt. | The humeral callus is indistinct, rather lustrous, weakly punctured, and wrinkled. | |
Der erste Nahteindruck ist bei einigen Stücken deutlich vorhanden, bei anderen kaum noch sichtbar. Andere Eindrücke außer der schwach entwickelten Schulterfurche fehlen. | The first impression at the suture is distinct only at some specimens, almost invisible at others. Other impressions are lacking besides the weakly developed humeral groove. | |
Meta-thorax | Die Unterseite der Hinterbrust ist beim ♂ herzförmig abgeplattet, beim ♀ gewölbt mit tiefer liegender Mittelfurche. | The underpart of the metathorax at the ♂ is heart-shaped and flattened, at the ♀ it is domed with a more prominent middle groove. |
Abdominal segments | Das 1. Hinterleibssegment ist beim ♂ etwas, beim ♀ um die Hälfte länger als das 2. - 5. zusammen, es ist beim ♂ abgeplattet und etwas eingedrückt, beim ♀ gewölbt. | The 1st abdominal segment is slightly longer at the ♂, at the ♀ longer by the half than the 2nd to 5th together, at the ♂ flattened and slightly impressed, at the ♀ domed. |
Das letzte Segment ist beim ♂ an der Hinterkante leicht eingedrückt, beim ♀ konvex vorgezogen ohne eigentliche Spitze. | The last segment is slightly impressed at the apical ridge at the ♂, at the ♀ convexly protruding without a distinctive peak. | |
Die Unterseite des Hinterleibes ist glänzend, mäßig dicht punktiert und behaart. | The underpart of the abdomen is shiny, moderately densely punctured and pubescent. | |
Das Pygidium ist abgestutzt und in der Mitte schwach ausgebuchtet. | The pygidium is truncated and slightly recessed in the middle. | |
Legs | Die Vorderschiene ist an der Ansatzstelle der Tarse zahnförmig nach außen gebogen (siehe Abb. 6). | The anterior tibia shows a protruding tooth towards outward at the insertion of the tarsomere. |
Die Hinterschenkel sind kurz, sie erreichen auch beim ♂ das Flügeldeckenende bei weitem nicht, Vorder-, Mittel – und Hinterschenkel besonders beim ♂ stark keulig verdickt, beim ♀ schlanker. | The posterior femora are short, even at the ♂ they don’t reach the apex of the elytra by far, anterior, middle and posterior femora much thickened like clubs especially at the ♂, at the ♀ more slender. | |
Hinterschenkel mit einem kräftigen Zahn, der beim ♂breiter, beim ♀ schmaler und spitzer ist (siehe Abb. 5). | Posterior femora with a prominent tooth, which is broader at the ♂, at the ♀ more slender and more acute. | |
Das 1. und 3. Tarsenglied sind etwa gleich lang, das 2. um 1/3 kürzer. | The 1st and 3rd tarsomere have about the same length, the 2nd one is by a third shorter. | |
Colour | Die Tiere sind einheitlich dunkel bronzefarben, nur die Fühler gelb bis dunkelbraun, die Schienen und Tarsen und die Hinterschenkel von der Basis bis zur Mittel hellbraun. | The animals are uniformly dark bronze, only the antennae yellow to dark brown, the tibae and tarsi and the hind femora light brown from the basal part to the middle. |
Size | Länge: ♂ 7–8 mm, ♀ 9 mm. Breite: ♂ 2,4–2,6 mm, ♀ 3,5 mm. | Length: ♂ 7–8 mm, ♀ 9 mm. Width: ♂ 2.4–2.6 mm, ♀ 3.5 mm. |
Locus typicus | Mir liegen vor 7 Exemplare aus dem Reichsmuseum Alexander König in Bonn, gesammelt am 27.4. und 7.5.1938 von Herrn J. Klapperich in Kuatun (Fukien, China) 27.40 nördl. Breite, 117.40 östl. Länge, in 2300 m Höhe. | There are 7 specimens on hand for me from the Reichsmuseum Alexander König in Bonn, collected at 27th of April and 7th of May 1938 by Mister J. Klapperich in Kuatun (Fukien, China) 27.40 northern latitude, 117.40 eastern longitude, at 2300 m a.s.l. |
Donacia kweilina Chen, 1966
Original description in English. The following species was described by
“Closely related to D. fukiensis Goecke, distinguished by the pronotum much more thickly pubescent, the femora of ♂ not distinctly thicker than those of ♀ and the last abdominal segment of ♀ much longer and somewhat triangular in shape (Fig.
Also allied to D. clavareaui Jacobson, but the antennae end legs entirely deep coloured, not partly rufous and the elytra rather more finely punctured with the interstices much broader and more sparingly and finely wrinkled.
Aeneo-cupreous (♂, ♀), sometimes sky-blue (♂). Antennae long and slender, metallic, the terminal segments black; third segment slightly longer than second and distinctly shorter than fourth. Head with four weak tubercles, the median longitudinal furrow deep and complete. Pronotum very closely punctured and covered with silvery hairs, the antero-lateral tubercles distinct, the angles fairly strongly produced. Elytra rather smooth on the inner disc, the punctures oblong, the interstices broad, about 2–3 times as broad as the cross diametre[sic!] of the punctures; apex truncate with the outer angles broadly rounded. Hind femora (♂, ♀) broadly toothed beneath.
Length: 6.8–8 mm.
Holotype ♂, allotype ♀, paratypes 47 ♂♂, ♀♀ Kwangsi: Kweilin (April-May, 1952).”
Donacia mediohirsuta Chen, 1966
Original description in English. The following species was described by
“Very like D. fukiensis Goecke, but with the pronotum more transversal, finely pubescent only on the median longitudinal area; the longitudinal furrow of interocular area much deeper, extending uninterrupted to between the supra-antennal tubercles; the anterior tibiae scarcely produced at apex; the hind femora (♀) very weakly toothed beneath and the last abdominal sternite (♀) more strongly angulate at apex (Fig.
Length: 8 mm
Holotype ♀ Yunnan: Shishong-Baana (1200 m, 15, May, 1958).”