Clypeus delimited by grooves at least laterally (e.g. Figs 117, 257, 367, 378); sensilla ampullacea (peglike sensilla) asymmetric; pronotum reduced and usually not visible in dorsal view; occiput without median groove or fold between occipital margin and occipital foramen; male genitalia (Figs 478–501): phallobase with enlarged volsellar setae, paramere with one seta at apex, digitus with two spines (very rarely with one or three spines). The species groups used here are based mainly on the appearance of the male genitalia, and most species have specific characters in this structure. However, since the visualisation of this structure involves slide preparations, characters in the male genitalia have been avoided as much as possible in the identification key, but in a few cases, when this is the only way to separate species, they are used.

There are no taxonomically or nomenclaturally updated keys to European genera of Eulophidae. The most recent keys are in Graham (1959) and Peck et al. (1964). They are useful for identification by keeping in mind that Holcopelte and Eugerium come out as separate genera in the keys. Another option is to use the key for Nearctic genera of Chalcidoidea (Schauff et al. 1997), but Holcopelte is treated as a genus separate from Omphale.

Flagellum with 2–3 small and discoid anelli; five flagellomeres, free or with apical 2–3 flagellomeres more or less fused, occasionally with a distinct club with apical flagellomeres fused and wider than proximal flagellomeres (degree of fusion of apical flagellomeres is in many cases difficult to assess, and varies intraspecifically). Sensilla ampullacea (peglike sensilla) asymmetric, long or short. Ventral sense area of male scape reaching along almost entire length of scape. Males with verticillate or scattered arrangement of setae. Mandibles usually endodont with two large teeth at apex and with one to several smaller teeth above large teeth. A few Nearctic species have exodont mandibles, but this feature has not been found in European species. Cly- peus entirely delimited, quadrangular to semicircular or triangular in shape. Lower clypeal margin usually arcuately protruding, in a few species straight. Lower frons usually with a cross-ridge reaching almost from eye to eye (see Hansson 1996b, fig. 1), cross-ridge is protruding and is not an edge resulting from the collapse of frons above the antennal toruli, cross-ridge missing in some species. Frontal suture between lower and upper frons present. Antennal scrobes either more or less broadly separated and never joining, or joining at or below frontal suture. Surface between antennal scrobes more or less raised to form an interscrobal ridge. Occipital margin rounded off, rarely with an edge or a carina. Without a weak median groove or fold from occipital margin down to occipital foramen.

Pronotum reduced and hardly visible in dorsal view. Mesoscutum usually with weak delimited notauli; midlobe of mesoscutum with two pair of setae, some non-European species either with one pair or without setae. Scutellum usually without grooves but occasionally with a median groove with variable strength and length, always with one pair of setae usually situated in posterior half. Dorsellum short, smooth, convex or flat, occasionally with strong sculpture. Transepimeral sulcus curved or straight. Propodeum usually smooth and shiny, without anteromedian pit or raised carinae, with or without a narrow transverse proximal groove; propodeal callus with two setae; petiolar foramen semicircular to triangular, usually wide to fit the wide petiole. Forewing with a narrow and bare costal cell; speculum open or closed below; radial cell bare or hairy; with or without one hair line from stigmal vein; postmarginal vein 0.2–2.1× as long as stigmal vein in European species. Legs usually long and slender.

Petiole short and wide, occasionally as long as wide, pale or dark. Gaster usually subsessile; ovate to lanceolate in female. The male genitalia display important characters useful in classification of the species groups, but also in the separation of species.

Graham (1963) initially divided the European Omphale into four groups with two unplaced species. However, he did so without any motivation and the groups were not diagnosed. The species groups presented here largely follow the groups presented by Graham, but now defined by morphological characters, and due to the addition of species two groups have been added. Characters in the male genitalia are used extensively to group species and to separate these groups. Graham was not aware of such characters and some species have therefore been transferred from their original placement. The European species are here separated into six groups, and with six unplaced species. The unplaced species comprise species that do not fit in any of the species groups, and that do not share features with each other to form species groups on their own.

Hosts or host plant/fungi associations are known for 16 of the 37 European species (Table 1), and in all cases gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) are the target group. Host records from North America (Hansson 1996b) and Central America (Hansson 2004) support the findings for European species, i.e. that Omphale species are exclusively parasitoids on gall midges. Dziurzynski (1961) investigated the biology of Omphale lugens in Poland (given as Secodes coactus in the Dziurzynski publication). Omphale lugens is a koinobiont primary endoparasitoid and the female oviposits in the second instar larvae of its gall midge host, Mikiola fagi, which induces galls on the upper surface of leaves of beech (Fagus sylvatica). This parasitoid is solitary or gregarious with up to ten individuals per host. If more than one larva is present per host either the same female lays more than one egg per host, or more than one female oviposits in the same host larva. However, because of the high mortality among gregarious larvae eventually only one parasitoid per host larva will complete its development. The parasitoid speeds up the development of its host, indicated by a faster growth rate in parasitized gall midge larvae, as compared to non-parasitized larvae. There does not seem to be additional, abnormal, instars in the host, just an acceleration of growth. The gall midge larva is killed before pupation by the feeding of the last instar parasitoid larva. Omphale lugens has four larval instars and pupates inside the empty larval skin of its host, still remaining inside the gall.

The only other Omphale species for which more detailed biological information is available is Omphale clypealis. This species is an important biological control agent against the brassica pod midge (Dasineura brassicae) on rape (Brassica napus), and has thus been the subject of biological investigation (Williams 2003). Similar to Omphale lugens, Omphale clypealis is a koinobiont endoparasitoid. Females oviposit into mature gall midge larvae in their pod gall, and the parasitoid larva is inside the host when it leaves the gall and burrows into the ground for pupation. The pupa is subsequently killed by the parasitoid. The sex ratio for Omphale clypealis is strongly female biased, and Murchie (1996) reared 97–100% females from samples of the brassica pod midge in the U.K. Material from this species that has been available for this investigation, 147 females and three males, suggests the same female bias. This skewed sex ratio indicates that Omphale clypealis is thelytokous, as are possibly some other Omphale species, such as Omphale rubigus where males have never been found, and Omphale theana in which very few males are recorded.

If data from these two species are transferrable, Omphale species are koinobiont endoparasitoids, possibly solitary – at least with only one surviving parasitoid per host. Little is known about the host specificity of Omphale species. However, known host records suggest host specialization because there are no overlap between the species. The host record for Omphale phruron, Dasineura pyri – same host as in Omphale clymene, is possibly based on a misidentification of the parasitoid. The specimens of Omphale phruron from Dasineura pyri have not been available for this investigation and as the species in this group are difficult to identify misidentification cannot be ruled out.

Even though several parts of the World are very poorly investigated or not investigated at all, existing records show that Omphale is a cosmopolitan genus, known from all zoogeographical regions (Noyes 2012). As can be seen from previous investigations (Hansson 1996b, 1997, 2004), and this investigation (Figs 502–538), the species have a very large distribution. Many European species are distributed throughout Europe, and the more limited distribution in some species is possibly due to lack of distributional data. Five European species, Omphale acamas, Omphale erginnus, Omphale salicis, Omphale theana, Omphale versicolor, are also found in North America (Hansson 1996b), and one of these (Omphale erginnus) is distributed south to Central America (Hansson 2004).

Type material. Holotype male, type no. 616 in OUMNH. Additional material. 25♀ 13♂: France 4♀ (BMNH, RMNH), Sweden 1♀ 4♂ (CH, NHRS), United Kingdom 20♀ 9♂ (BMNH).

Lateral pronotum, prosternum and legs citron yellow to yellowish white (Fig. 15), in male also with gena yellowish white; thoracic dorsum brilliant green metallic to brilliant golden red (Figs 16, 17), with very fine engraved reticulation (Figs 22, 26), hence shiny; postmarginal vein 2× as long as stigmal vein (Fig. 20); male scape long (Fig. 27), with almost ½ of length reaching above level of vertex.

Female. Length of body 1.5–2.0 mm. Antenna with scape with outer surface white, inner surface with basal ½ white and apical ½ dark brown; pedicel and flagellum dark brown (Fig. 15); pedicel + flagellum 1.8× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.2× as long as second (Fig. 23), and 1.0× as wide as second flagellomere; flagellomeres 1–4 with scattered short setae (Fig. 23); clava 2-segmented (Fig. 23). Face golden green (Fig. 18), with very weak striae (Fig. 24); clypeus golden green, smooth, rectangular, 1.7× as wide as high; gena dark brown with golden tinges, to purple metallic; lower frons bright green metallic, with raised reticulation, smooth below level of toruli; interscrobal area with raised reticulation; antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons golden red with very weak reticulation, shiny; vertex golden green to golden red, smooth outside ocellar triangle, with engraved reticulation inside triangle (Fig. 25). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 25).

Mesoscutum bright golden green, or golden red (Fig. 16), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 22), midlobe with two pairs of setae; notauli as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum bright golden green, or golden red (Fig. 16), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 22); 1.1× as long as wide, with anterior margin smoothly curved forwards. Axillae blue to green metallic (Fig. 16). Dorsellum green metallic (Fig. 16), smooth and flat (Fig. 22), 0.4× as long as wide, and 0.6× as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum and propleuron citron yellow to yellowish white (Fig. 15); prepectus green metallic, in three specimens citron yellow or yellowish white; acropleuron citron yellow to yellowish white; mesepisternum golden green with upper part citron yellow to yellowish white; upper mesepimeron golden green to golden red; lower mesepimeron dark brown with metallic tinges; transepimeral sulcus very weakly curved forwards. Propodeum green metallic (Fig. 16), smooth (Fig. 22), with an anteromedian fovea; propodeal callus with two setae. Legs citron yellow to yellowish white (Fig. 15); midleg with first tarsomere 0.3× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent (Fig. 20), veins yellowish brown and setae dark brown; speculum closed; admarginal setae 8–11, arising from both marginal vein and from membrane behind vein; radial cell bare in upper ½, setose in lower ½; postmarginal vein 2.0× as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein slightly enlarged. Hind wing (Fig. 20) transparent, apex rounded. Forewing WIP (Fig. 21) with apical ⅓ blue, basal ⅔ with diagonal bands in yellow, magenta and blue.

Petiole dark brown to yellow. Gaster golden with green metallic tinges, to golden red with first tergite green metallic, smooth, elongate and 1.4–1.6× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite 0.1× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Length of body 1.1–1.6 mm. Features as in female except as follows. Antenna with scape with outer surface yellowish white, inner surface with basal ½ white and apical ½ green metallic, narrow in basal ½ and then rapidly expanding towards apex (Fig. 27), elongate with almost ½ the length above the level of vertex; pedicel and flagellum pale brown; pedicel + flagellum 3.3× as long as distance between eyes; flagellomeres 1–4 with scattered setae; clava 1-segmented. Face greenish blue metallic (Fig. 19), smooth; clypeus greenish blue metallic, smooth, rectangular, 2.0× as wide as high; gena yellowish white; lower frons golden to bright golden green (Fig. 19), smooth (Fig. 28); interscrobal area smooth; upper frons red metallic, smooth; vertex golden red.

Pronotum, propleuron and prepectus yellowish white. Mesoscutum golden red (Fig. 17). Scutellum golden red (Fig. 17) to golden green; 1.2× as long as wide. Axillae green metallic (Fig. 17). Dorsellum green metallic with red tinges (Fig. 17), smooth and slightly convex to almost flat (Fig. 26). Acropleuron yellowish white; mesepisternum golden green. Propodeum golden with green and red metallic tinges (Fig. 17). Legs yellowish white. Forewing transparent, veins and setae dark brown; admarginal setae 8–9, arising from both marginal vein and membrane below vein.

Petiole yellowish white. Gaster with first tergite golden red, remaining tergites dark brown with metallic tinges, with a pale spot across median part of tergites 1–2, 1.0–1.1× as long as length of mesosoma. Phallobase and aedeagus as in Fig. 479.

Unknown.

Austria (Bouček and Askew 1968), Czech Republic (Bouček and Askew 1968), France (new record), Sweden (Hedqvist 2003), United Kingdom (Haliday 1833) (Fig. 502).

Type material. Holotype female, type no. 1222 in OUMNH, paratype 1♀ (BMNH). Additional material. 5♀: Germany 2♀ (RMNH), Netherlands 1♀ (RMNH), United Kingdom 2♀ (BMNH).

Gaster short, as long as length of mesosoma; scape and legs yellowish white to citron yellow (Fig. 30); head and mesosoma bright metallic (green with golden tinges, golden red) (Figs 31, 32).

Female. Length of body 1.4–1.9 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish white to citron yellow with apical ½ of dorsal edge dark brown; pedicel dark brown; flagellum dark brown with golden tinges; pedicel + flagellum 2.1× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.2× as long and 1.0× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 36); flagellomeres with scattered short setae; clava 2-segmented. Face bright green metallic with golden tinges (Fig. 31), strigose; clypeus bright green metallic with golden tinges, smooth, rectangular, 1.4× as wide as high; gena bright green metallic with golden tinges; lower frons bright green metallic with golden tinges, with raised reti-culation (Fig. 37), subtorular area smooth; interscrobal area with raised reticulation; antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons bright green metallic with golden tinges, with engraved reticulation; vertex golden red, with engraved reticulation. Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 38).

Mesoscutum golden with green tinges (Fig. 32), to golden red, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 35), midlobe with two pairs of setae; notauli as indistinct impressions. Scutellum golden with lateral and posterior margins green metallic (Fig. 32), to golden red, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 35); 1.2× as long as wide, with anterior margin smoothly and weakly curved forwards. Axillae green metallic (Fig. 32). Dorsellum bluish green (Fig. 32), smooth and flat with raised lateral and posterior margins (Fig. 35), 0.5× as long as wide, and 0.6× as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum, propleuron and prepectus green metallic with golden tinges (Fig. 30); acropleuron dark brown; mesepisternum golden red; upper mes-epimeron green metallic with golden tinges; lower mesepimeron dark brown with golden tinges; transepimeral sulcus very weakly curved forwards. Propodeum green metallic with golden tinges (Fig. 32), smooth with a small fovea anteromedially (Fig. 35); propodeal callus with two setae. Legs yellowish white to citron yellow, hind coxa brown at very base; midleg with first tarsomere 0.3× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins yellowish white and setae dark brown (Fig. 33); speculum closed; admarginal setae 8–12, arising from both marginal vein and wing membrane; radial cell setose; postmarginal vein 1.0× as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein slender. Hind wing transparent, apex rounded (Fig. 33). Forewing WIP (Fig. 34) as in Omphale admirabilis with apical ⅓ blue, and basal ⅔ with diagonal bands in yellow, magenta and blue.

Petiole dark brown. Gaster golden with green tinges, short, 1.0× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite 0.06× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Unknown.

Unknown.

Germany (Graham 1970), Netherlands (Gijswijt 1976), United Kingdom (Graham 1970) (Fig. 503).

Type material. Lectotype male, type no. 5.2715 in BMNH. Additional material. 134♀ 21♂: Germany 1♀ (RMNH), Netherlands 3♀ (RMNH), Sweden 6♀ 3♂ (CH, LUZM, NHRS, RMNH), United Kingdom 123♀ 19♂ (BMNH).

Row of admarginal setae with some, or most, from membrane behind marginal vein and radial cell setose (Fig. 48); postmarginal vein 0.7–0.8× as long as stigmal vein, stigmal vein usually enlarged (but narrow in some specimens); face between lower corner of eye and clypeus strigose (Fig. 52); female flagellum with a strong constriction between flagellomeres 4 and 5, clava thus 1-segmented (Fig. 51); transepimeral sulcus straight; scutellum usually golden purple and mesoscutum golden with green tinges (Figs 44, 45); forewing WIP with a narrow elongate area with bands in yellow, magenta and blue just behind marginal vein (Fig. 49).

Female. Length of body 1.3–2.0 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish brown with dorsal margin dark brown; pedicel and flagellum dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 1.8× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.2× as long and 1.1× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 51); flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with two sets of setae, one attached at base and one in apical ⅓ of flagellomere; clava 1-segmented. Face green metallic (Fig. 46), strigose (Fig. 52); clypeus green metallic, smooth or with weak and coarse longitudinal striae, semicircular and 1.9× as wide as high; gena purple metallic or golden purple; lower frons golden green, with raised reticulation; interscrobal area golden, smooth with weak reticulation in upper ⅓; antennal scrobes join on frontal suture; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons golden green or golden purple with weak reticulation; vertex golden purple to golden red, inside ocellar triangle with engraved weak reticulation, outside triangle smooth (Fig. 53). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 53).

Mesoscutum golden with green tinges (Fig. 44), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 50), midlobe with two pairs of setae; notauli as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum golden purple (Fig. 44) with engraved reticulation and with posterior margin smooth (Fig. 50); 1.1× as long as wide, with anterior margin smoothly curved forwards. Axillae golden purple (Fig. 44). Dorsellum golden purple (Fig. 44), smooth and slightly convex (Fig. 50), 0.5× as long as wide, and 0.8× as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum golden purple (Fig. 43); propleuron golden green; prepectus golden green; acropleuron dark brown; mes-episternum golden purple; upper mesepimeron blue metallic with purple metallic tinges; lower mesepimeron blue or green metallic; transepimeral sulcus straight. Propodeum golden green (Fig. 44), smooth (Fig. 50), in large specimens with weak reticulation; propodeal callus with two setae. Fore- and midcoxae yellowish brown with base pale brown, hind coxa with basal ½ dark brown with purple or green metallic tinges and apical ½ yellowish brown (Fig. 43), some large specimens with all coxae dark brown and metallic; femora pale brown to dark brown; tibiae yellowish brown; foretarsus dark brown, mid- and hind tarsi yellowish brown; midleg with first tarsomere 0.3× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins yellowish brown and setae dark brown (Fig. 48); speculum closed; admarginal setae 8–11, arising mainly from membrane below vein; radial cell setose; postmarginal vein 0.7–0.8× as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein usually enlarged but sometimes long and slender. Hind wing transparent, apex rounded (Fig. 48). Forewing WIP (Fig. 49) magenta with narrow margin in blue, area just behind marginal vein with thin lines in yellow, magenta and blue.

Petiole yellowish brown to pale brown. Gaster with first tergite golden green, remaining tergites golden purple, elongate and 1.4–1.5× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite 0.1× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Length of body 1.4–1.8 mm. Features as in female except as follows. Antenna with scape golden green with basal ¼ yellowish white; pedicel + flagellum 2.5× as long as distance between eyes; flagellomeres 1–4 with scattered setae (Fig. 55). Face golden green with part close to eyes golden red (Fig. 47); clypeus golden green, with weak but coarse carinae, shiny, trapezoid; gena purple metallic; antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately (Fig. 56); upper frons golden red, with very weak reticulation and shiny; vertex golden red with purple metallic tinges.

Mesoscutum golden red to golden green (Fig. 45). Scutellum purple with posterior ⅓ golden (Fig. 45); 1.3× as long as wide. Axillae golden (Fig. 45). Dorsellum 0.7× as long as wide, and 0.7× as long as length of median propodeum. Entire lateral mesosoma purple metallic. Propodeum golden red with green metallic tinges (Fig. 45). Legs with coxae yellowish brown, hind coxa with basal 1/5 brown metallic; femora yellowish brown to dark brown; fore- and midtarsi dark yellowish brown, hind tarsus yellowish brown; admarginal setae 6–10; postmarginal vein 0.9–1.0× as long as stigmal vein.

Petiole brown. Gaster with first tergite golden, remaining tergites dark brown metallic, 1.1× as long as length of mesosoma. Phallobase and aedeagus as in Fig. 480.

Unknown.

Germany (new record), Netherlands (Gijswijt 1976), Sweden (Hansson 1991), United Kingdom (Walker 1839) (Fig. 504).

Type material. Neotype female of Eulophus versicolor, type no. 118:1 in LUZM, and lectotype female of Entedon anthylla, type no. 5.2039 in BMNH. Additional material. 173♀ 65♂: France 9♀ (BMNH, RMNH), Germany 1♀ (RMNH), Netherlands 2♀ (RMNH), Slovenia 1♀ (RMNH), Sweden 111♀ 23♂ (BMNH, CH, LUZM, NHRS, RMNH), United Kingdom 53♀ 42♂ (BMNH).

Forewing with open speculum, enlarged stigmal vein and with radial cell hairy (Fig. 63); scutellum usually metallic purple (Figs 59, 60); upper mesepimeron metallic purple (Fig. 58); legs yellow to yellowish white (Fig. 58); antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately (Figs 67, 71); clypeus with same colour as face (Figs 61, 62); face strigose (Figs 67, 71); female antenna with basal ½ of first flagellomere as wide as 2^nd but then gradually narrows off towards apex (Fig. 66); male scape elongate, reaching above level of vertex, narrow in basal ⅓ and enlarged in apical ⅔ (Fig. 70).

Female. Length of body 1.4–2.3 mm. Antenna with scape with outer surface yellowish brown, inner surface with basal ⅓ yellow to yellowish white and apical ⅔ pale brown; pedicel and flagellum dark brown and metallic; pedicel + flagellum 2.0× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.1–1.3× as long as second flagellomere, at base with same width as second and gradually narrowing towards apex (Fig. 66); flagellomeres 1–3 with ventral setae short, basal setae not reaching apex of flagellomere attached to; longitudinal sensilla on flagellomeres scattered; clava 2-segmented. Face green metallic with golden tinges, to bluish green metallic (Fig. 61), strigose (Fig. 67); clypeus green metallic, to bluish green metallic, smooth, rectangular to trapezoid, 1.2× as wide as high; gena golden red with green tinges, to golden green; lower frons green metallic with golden tinges, with raised reticulation, subtorular area smooth, interscrobal area with raised reticulation; antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately; frontal suture U-shaped; upper frons golden red with green tinges, to golden green with engraved reticulation; vertex golden red with green tinges, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 68). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 68).

Mesoscutum green metallic with golden tinges (Fig. 59), to bluish green metallic, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 65), midlobe with two pairs of setae; notauli as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum purple metallic (Fig. 59) to golden red, occasionally golden green, with engraved and weak reticulation (Fig. 65); 1.2× as long as wide, with anterior margin smoothly curved forwards. Axillae green metallic with golden tinges (Fig. 59). Dorsellum green metallic (Fig. 59), smooth and flat (Fig. 65), 0.3× as long as wide, and 0.5–0.6× as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum green metallic with golden and red tinges (Fig. 58); propleuron greenish blue metallic; prepectus green metallic to golden red; acropleuron dark brown; mesepi-sternum golden, to golden red; upper mesepimeron brown with purple metallic shine; lower mesepimeron brown metallic; transepimeral sulcus curved forwards. Propodeum green metallic (Fig. 59), smooth with a fovea anteromedially (Fig. 65); propodeal callus with two setae. Foreleg yellow to yellowish white with base of coxa pale brown and tarsus dark brown (Fig. 58); midleg yellow to yellowish white, with tarsomere 3 and 4 brown to yellowish brown, first tarsomere 0.3× as long as length of tarsus; hind leg yellow to yellowish white with base of coxa brown and tarsus pale brown with tarsomere 4 brown to yellowish brown. Forewing transparent, veins yellowish brown and setae dark brown (Fig. 63); speculum open; admarginal setae 10–19, arising mainly from wing membrane; radial cell setose; postmarginal vein 0.8× as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein enlarged. Hind wing transparent, apex rounded (Fig. 63). Forewing WIP (Fig. 64) with apical ½ yellow, basal ½ with wide bands in magenta, blue and yellow.

Petiole pale brown to yellowish brown. Gaster with tergite 1 green metallic, tergites 2–7 brown with green, red and golden tinges, elongate and 1.7–2.0× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite 0.2× as long as length of gaster; 7^th tergite with hairless basal part smooth and apical hairy part sculptured.

Male. Length of body 1.1–1.7 mm. Features as in female except as follows. Antenna (Fig. 70) with scape long, apical ⅓ reaching above level of vertex, narrow in basal ⅓ and yellowish white, expanded in apical ⅔ which is brown non metallic on outer surface and brown with strong green metallic shine on inner surface; pedicel with same metallic shine as inner upper surface of scape; flagellum brown with golden tinges; pedicel + flagellum 2.7× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.2–1.3× as long as second; flagellomeres with scattered setae; clava 1-segmented. Face green metallic (Fig. 62), sometimes with blue tinges; clypeus green metallic, rectangular; gena golden red; lower frons green metallic with golden tinges and upper ⅓ bronze, with raised weak reticulation (Fig. 71); interscrobal area with raised weak reticulation in upper ⅓; upper frons bright golden red and smooth.

Mesoscutum green metallic (Fig. 60), midlobe with strong yellowish red shine and sidelobes with golden tinges. Scutellum purple metallic (Fig. 60), occasionally golden green or bluish green metallic; 1.3–1.4× as long as wide. Axillae green metallic with purple tinges (Fig. 60). Dorsellum brown with green metallic tinges (Fig. 60), 0.5× as long as wide, and 0.5–0.7× as long as length of median propodeum. Propleuron and prepectus green metallic; mesepisternum golden red, sometimes with green tinges; upper mesepimeron purple metallic; lower mesepimeron brown purple metallic tinges. Propodeum brown with green metallic tinges (Fig. 60). Legs yellowish-white, tarsi pale brown. Forewing veins and setae dark brown; admarginal setae 16–19, arising mainly from wing membrane; postmarginal vein 1.1× as long as stigmal vein.

Petiole pale brown. Gaster with tergite 1 green metallic, tergites 2–7 brown, 1.1–1.2× as long as length of mesosoma. Phallobase and aedeagus as in Fig. 481.

Unknown.

Czech Republic (Bouček and Askew 1968), France (new record), Germany (Nees 1834), Hungary (Erdös 1956), Netherlands (new record), Slovenia (new record), Sweden (Thomson 1878), United Kingdom (Walker 1839); Canada and USA (Hansson 1996b) (Fig. 505).

Type material. Holotype female in RMNH. Additional material. 86♀: Germany 1♀ (RMNH), Russia 69♀ (BMNH, CH, LUZM), Sweden 13♀ (BMNH, CH, LUZM), United Kingdom 3♀ (BMNH).

Coxae yellowish white to yellowish brown (Fig. 73); forewing short and high (Fig. 76) with 2–5 admarginal setae and a long radial cell; mesepisternum yellowish brown with metallic tinges (Fig. 73); scutellum frequently with pale and weakly metallic parts; female flagellomeres 2-4 ventrally with one set of setae attached subbasally and reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to (Fig. 40). Very similar to Omphale theana, differs only in the length of 7^th gastral tergite in female, which is shorter in Omphale acuminata (ratio length/width at base= 0.6–1.1, average= 0.9, n= 59), see above under “Morphometric analyses…” and in having a different WIP – forewing with two large areas with different colours in Omphale acuminata (Fig. 77), but with a single colour in Omphale theana (Fig. 129).

Female. Length of body 1.2–2.0 mm. Antenna with scape pale brown with base yellowish white and dorsal edge dark brown, to yellowish brown with apical ¼ and dorsal edge dark brown; pedicel and flagellum dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 2.1× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.0× as long and 1.3× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 40); flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with one set of setae attached subbasally and reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to; longitudinal sensilla on flagellomeres about as long as flagellomere attached to; clava 2-segmented. Face bluish green metallic (Fig. 74), strigose (Fig. 41); clypeus bluish green metallic, smooth, trapezoid, 1.3× as wide as high; gena pale brown with metallic tinges, to dark brown with green metallic tinges; lower frons bluish green metallic with parts close to eyes and antennal scrobes purple metallic, with engraved strong reticulation, subtorular area smooth; interscrobal area brown with metallic tinges, smooth; antennal scrobes join on frontal suture; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons golden with engraved weak reticulation; vertex golden green with blue tinges, with engraved very weak reticulation (Fig. 42). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 42).

Mesoscutum bluish green metallic with golden tinges (Fig. 75), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 39), midlobe with one pair (posterior pair) of setae; anterior ½ of notauli as wide grooves and posterior ½ as indistinct impressions. Scutellum golden with green metallic tinges (Fig. 75), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 39), or dark brown metallic with sides and anterior margin yellowish brown with metallic tinges; 1.2× as long as wide, with anterior margin smoothly curved forwards. Axillae golden (Fig. 75). Dorsellum golden purple (Fig. 75), smooth and slightly convex (Fig. 39), 0.4× as long as wide, and 0.7× as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum brown with metallic tinges (Fig. 73); prepectus yellowish brown to brown with metallic tinges; mesepisternum yellowish brown with metallic tinges; transepimeral sulcus weakly curved forwards. Propodeum dark brown with golden green tinges (Fig. 75), median part with purple metallic tinges, smooth (Fig. 39); propodeal callus with two setae. Coxae yellowish white to yellowish brown (Fig. 73), hind coxae with base brown with metallic tinges; fore- and midfemora yellowish white, hind femur yellowish brown; tibiae yellowish white; tarsi yellowish white to yellowish brown with 4^th tarsomere darker; midleg with first tarsomere 0.4× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins yellowish brown and setae dark brown (Fig. 76); speculum closed; admarginal setae 2–5, arising from marginal vein; radial cell bare and long, 2.4× as long as length of postmarginal vein; postmarginal vein 1.0–1.2× as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein very narrow at base, expanding rapidly from base. Hind wing transparent, apex pointed (Fig. 76). Forewing WIP (Fig. 77) with apical ½ magenta and basal ½ yellow.

Petiole yellowish brown. Gaster with tergites 1–6 yellowish brown with posterior margin brown, 7^th tergite brown to dark brown; gaster elongate and 1.6–1.8× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite 0.6–1.1× as long as its basal width.

Male. Unknown.

Unknown.

France (Askew 2003), Germany (new record), Greece (Gijswijt 1976), Russia (new record), Sweden (Hansson 1991), United Kingdom (Askew 2003) (Fig. 506).

Males are not known for Omphale acuminata and as species group classification relies heavily on characters in male genitalia the placement of Omphale acuminata in the salicis group is provisional. However, the female of Omphale acuminata is very similar to the female of Omphale theana and until males are found Omphale acuminata is best placed in the salicis group.

Type material. Holotype female, type no. 1294 in OUMNH. Additional material. 826♀ 248♂: France 2♀ 2♂ (BMNH, RMNH), Germany 12♀ (CH, LUZM, RMNH), Hungary 48♀ 1♂ (BMNH, CH), Netherlands 1♀ 2♂ (RMNH), Poland 1♀ 1♂ (BMNH), Romania 5♀ (BMNH, CH), Russia 2♂ (CH), Spain 1♂ (RMNH), Sweden 753♀ 238♂ (BMNH, CH, LUZM, NHRS), United Kingdom 4♀ 1♂ (BMNH).

Legs with fore- and midcoxae predominantly pale and hind coxa predominantly metallic (Fig. 78), femora predominantly brown, tibiae yellowish brown and tarsi predominantly dark brown; female with gaster elongate, 1.7–2.1× as long as length of mesosoma, and with 7^th gastral tergite 1.1–4.2× (average= 1.6, n= 53) as long as width at base; female flagellomeres 1–4 ventrally with two sets of long setae, one attached subbasally and one attached medially or subapically (Fig. 86), male flagellomeres 1–4 each with a basal whorls of setae and with scattered setae apical to whorl (Fig. 90); male scape predominantly dark and metallic; female forewing with 5–12 (average= 7.5, n= 53) admarginal setae, male with 7–9 admarginal setae; head and thoracic dorsum usually bluish green metallic (Figs 79–82). Similar to Omphale salicis from which it can be distinguished through the colour of coxae – fore- and midcoxae pale and hind coxa dark in Omphale chryseis, all coxae dark in Omphale salicis; Omphale chryseis on average has a shorter 7^th gastral tergite in female. These species can also be separated through their WIP in forewings: Omphale chryseis apical ½ yellow and basal ½ with wide bands in magenta, blue and yellow (Fig. 84), Omphale salicis has a narrow straight yellow line from stigmal vein to hind margin of wing separating an apical blue and a basal magenta area (Fig. 114).

Female. Length of body 1.4–2.1 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish white with apical ⅓ and entire dorsal edge dark brown; pedicel and flagellum dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 1.9× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.1× as long and 1.4× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 86); flagellomeres 1–4 ventrally with two sets of long setae, one attached subbasally and one attached medially or subapically; longitudinal sensilla on flagellomeres as long as flagellomere attached to; clava 2-segmented. Face bluish green metallic (Fig. 81), strigose (Fig. 87); clypeus bluish green metallic, smooth or with weak reticulation, semicircular to trapezoid, 1.4× as wide as high; gena greenish blue metallic; lower frons bluish purple to bluish green metallic, with engraved rather strong reticulation; interscrobal area with engraved weak reticulation; antennal scrobes join on frontal suture; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons bluish green metallic with engraved weak reticulation; vertex bluish green metallic, to golden green, with engraved very weak reticulation, partly smooth outside ocellar triangle (Fig. 88). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 88).

Mesoscutum bluish green metallic (Fig. 79) with or without purple metallic tinges, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 85), midlobe with two pairs of setae; notauli as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum bluish green metallic (Fig. 79), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 85); 1.2× as long as wide, with anterior margin smoothly curved forwards. Axillae bluish green metallic (Fig. 79). Dorsellum golden green (Fig. 79), smooth and convex (Fig. 85), 0.2× as long as wide, and 0.6× as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum and propleuron bluish purple to bluish green metallic (Fig. 78); prepectus dark brown with bluish green metallic tinges; acropleuron and mesepisternum pale brown and shiny; mesepimeron golden green with blue metallic tinges; transepimeral sulcus curved forwards. Propodeum bluish green metallic (Fig. 79), smooth (Fig. 85); propodeal callus with two setae. Fore- and midcoxae yellowish white with base pale brown (Fig. 78), hind coxa predominantly bluish green metallic with purple tinges with apical part yellowish brown; femora predominantly pale brown to dark brown with apical part yellowish brown; tibiae yellowish brown; tarsi predominantly dark brown, mid- and hind tarsi with first tarsomere paler; midleg with first tarsomere 0.4× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins pale brown and setae dark brown (Fig. 83); speculum closed; admarginal setae 6–11, arising from marginal vein; radial cell bare and long, 2.2× as long as length of postmarginal vein; postmarginal vein 0.9× as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein long and slightly enlarged. Hind wing transparent, apex rounded (Fig. 83). Forewing WIP (Fig. 84) with apical ½ yellow and basal ½ with wide bands in magenta, blue and yellow.

Petiole dark brown. Gaster dark brown, tergites 1 and 6 with bluish green metallic tinges, 2–5 with golden purple tinges, 7 with golden green tinges, smooth, elongate and 1.7–2.1× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite 0.2–0.3× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Length of body 1.2–1.5 mm. Features as in female except as follows. Antenna with scape dark brown with blue or green metallic tinges, with basal ⅓–¼ yellowish white; pedicel + flagellum 2.8× as long as distance between eyes; flagellomeres with scattered setae (Fig. 90); clava 1-segmented. Face bluish green to green metallic (Fig. 82); clypeus bluish green to green metallic, smooth, trapezoid (Fig. 91), 1.6× as wide as high; gena golden red to golden green; lower frons golden green to bluish green metallic, with engraved and strong reticulation; interscrobal area with weak reticulation; upper frons golden green to bluish green metallic; vertex golden green with red metallic tinges, with engraved weak reticulation (Fig. 92).

Axillae golden green (Fig. 80). Dorsellum bluish green metallic (Fig. 80), smooth or with weak reticulation and convex (Fig. 89), 0.3× as long as wide, and 0.4× as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum and propleuron bluish green metallic; prepectus bluish green metallic; acropleuron and mesepisternum pale brown with metallic tinges; mesepimeron golden green. Midleg with first tarsomere 0.3× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing admarginal setae 7–9.

Petiole dark brown. Gaster with first tergite bluish green metallic, remaining tergites dark brown to black with golden and green metallic tinges, smooth, 1.1–1.4× as long as length of mesosoma. Phallobase and aedeagus as in Fig. 482.

Contarinia medicaginis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (Bouček and Askew 1968) - endoparasite of larvae (Královič 1964).

Czech Republic (Bouček and Askew 1968), France (Bouček and Askew 1968), Germany (Gijswijt 1976), Hungary (new record), Netherlands (new record), Poland (new record), Romania (new record), Russia (St. Petersburg area) (new record), Spain (new record), Sweden (Bouček and Askew 1968), United Kingdom (Graham 1963) (Fig. 507).

The description of Omphale chryseis was based on three female specimens and it is possible that these represent two different species. Graham (1963) described the colour of coxae as “green, pale at apex, or fore- and midcoxae pale testaceous and dark at base only”. We have only examined the holotype, not the paratypes, and the holotype has pale fore- and midcoxae, and a dark hind coxa, and this is how we interpret Omphale chryseis, of which we have examined over a thousand specimens – this species is easily collected when sweeping Medicago. The specimen(s) in the type series with all coxae green is probably Omphale salicis with a short gaster. Graham distinguished Omphale chryseis from Omphale salicis mainly in the length of the female gaster (the male of Omphale chryseis was unknown to Graham). As shown above, the length of female gaster in these two species is highly variable and cannot be trusted to separate them.

Holotype female (ZMUC), glued to a card, labelled: “DENMARK: E-Jutland, Glatved, 56°17'N, 10°50'E, 16.vii.2003, T. Munk”. Paratypes. 10♀ 4♂: DENMARK: 1♀ from same locality as holotype but collected 11.vii.2005 (ZMUC). FRANCE: 1♀ “Dordogne, Les Eyzies, 4.viii.1974, M.W.R. de V. Graham” (BMNH); 1♀ “Dordogne, nr. Allas “Thomas” (3) 5.viii.1974, M.W.R. de V. Graham” (BMNH); 2♂ “Dordogne, nr. St Cyprien (Castels marsh) (2), 5.viii.1974, M.W.R. de V. Graham” (BMNH); 1♀ from same locality as previous but collected 7.viii.1974 (BMNH); 1♀ “Dept Jura, Viry, 21.vii.1971, M.J. Gijswijt” (RMNH); 1♀ “Gavarnie, Soula de Sarre, 1400–1450 m, 16.vii.1975, A.C. & W.N. Ellis” (RMNH). NETHERLANDS: 1♀ “Kenn-duin, 18.viii.1965, M.J. Gijswijt” (RMNH). SWEDEN: 1♀ 1♂ “Skåne, Vomb, 55°40'N, 13°33'E, 1.viii.1984, C. Hansson” (BMNH); 1♀ from same locality as previous but collected 18.vii.2006 (BMNH); 1♀ “Skåne, Silvåkra, 13.vii.1979, C. Hansson” (CH). UNITED KINGDOM: 1♂ “England, Surrey, Coulsdon Common, Happy Valley, 14.vii.1979, J.S. Noyes” (BMNH).

Female flagellum short (Figs 93, 101), pedicel and flagellum 1.5× as long as distance between eyes; thoracic dorsum bluish green metallic, scutellum usually with lateral parts pale or palish (Figs 94, 95); all coxae metallic (Fig. 93); female gaster 1.3–1.5× as long as mesosoma.

Female. Length of body 1.2–1.5 mm. Antenna with scape pale brown with dorsal edge dark brown; pedicel and flagellum dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 1.5× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.2× as long and 1.2× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 101); flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with one set of setae attached subbasally and reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to; clava 2-segmented. Face bluish purple metallic (Fig. 96), strigose Fig. 102; clypeus golden green, smooth, semicircular, 2.0× as wide as high; gena golden green; lower frons with parts between antennal scrobes and eyes bluish purple metallic, with strong reticulation, interscrobal area and parts below level of toruli golden green, with weak reticulation; antennal scrobes join on frontal suture; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons golden green, with weak reticulation; vertex bluish green metallic, with very weak reticulation (Fig. 103). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 103).

Mesoscutum bluish green metallic (Fig. 94), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 100), midlobe with one pair of setae (posterior pair); notauli as narrow grooves in anterior ½ and as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum bluish green metallic, holotype with lateral parts dark brown with bluish green metallic tinges, one paratype with three wide longitudinal stripes, with lateral stripes pale brown with metallic tinges and median stripe bluish-green metallic (as in Fig. 200), one paratype with scutellum bluish green metallic with anterior corners yellowish brown (Fig. 94); with engraved reticulation (Fig. 100); 1.0× as long as wide, with anterior margin smoothly curved forward. Axillae bluish green metallic (Fig. 94). Dorsellum brown with metallic tinges (Fig. 94), smooth and convex (Fig. 100), 0.3× as long as wide, and 0.8× as long as length of median propodeum. Entire lateral mesosoma bluish green metallic (Fig. 93); transepimeral sulcus curved forwards. Propodeum with median part golden green and lateral parts bluish green metallic (Fig. 94), smooth (Fig. 100); propodeal callus with two setae. Legs with coxae bluish green metallic (Fig. 93); femora dark brown; tibiae yellowish brown to pale brown; tarsi dark brown; midleg with first tarsomere 0.3× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins yellowish brown and setae dark brown (Fig. 98); speculum closed; admarginal setae 4–7 arising from marginal vein; radial cell bare; postmarginal vein 1.2× as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein slender. Hind wing transparent, apex pointed (Fig. 98). Forewing WIP (Fig. 99) with apical ½ a mix of yellow and magenta, basal ½ magenta, surface close to foremargin blue.

Petiole dark brown. Gaster dark brown with bluish green to bluish purple metallic tinges, elongate ovate and 1.2–1.5× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite short, 0.3× as long as wide and 0.05× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Length of body 1.0–1.2 mm. Features as in female except as follows. Scape golden green with base yellowish brown, pedicel and flagellum dark brown metallic; pedicel + flagellum 2.3× as long as distance between eyes; flagellomeres 1-4 with verticillate setae and with setae reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to, without scattered setae apical to basal whorl (Fig. 105); clava 1-segmented. Face golden green (Fig. 97), strigose (Fig. 106); clypeus golden green, with irregular sculpture, trapezoid, 1.6× as wide as high; gena golden green or golden red; lower frons golden green, with weak reticulation; antennal scrobes join on frontal suture; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons golden red, with weak reticulation; vertex golden red, with engraved weak reticulation (Fig. 107).

Mesoscutum golden green (Fig. 95) or golden, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 104), midlobe with one pair of setae (posterior pair). Scutellum golden green with sides yellowish brown (Fig. 95); 1.1× as long as wide. Axillae golden green (Fig. 95). Dorsellum dark brown with metallic green tinges (Fig. 95), concave and smooth (Fig. 104), 0.3× as long as wide, and 0.4× as long as length of median propodeum. Propodeum golden with red tinges. Lateral pronotum, prepectus, mesepisternum and mesepi-meron metallic bluish green. Legs with coxae and femora dark brown metallic; tibiae yellowish brown to pale brown; foretarsus dark brown, mid- and hind tarsi yellowish brown. Forewing admarginal setae 4.

Gaster dark brown with metallic tinges, 1.0–1.3× as long as length of mesosoma. Phallobase and aedeagus as in Fig. 483.

Unknown.

Denmark, France, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom (Fig. 508).

From the Latin cornu = horn, cornula is a diminutive form, referring to the short antennae.

Type material. We have been unable to examine any material from the museum in NMID and we base our interpretation of Omphale salicis on the information in Graham (1963) where the lectotype for Omphale salicis was designated. Additional material. 269♀ 70♂: Austria 1♀ (RMNH), Czech Republic 1♀ 2♂ (BMNH, RMNH), France 3♀ 5♂ (RMNH), Germany 1♀ 2♂ (RMNH), Greece 1♀ (LUZM), Hungary 2♀ (BMNH, RMNH), Ireland 5♀ 3♂ (BMNH), Italy 3♀ (RMNH), Norway 2♀ (LUZM), Portugal 1♀ (RMNH), Russia 22♀ 1♂ (CH, LUZM), Sweden 100♀ 23♂ (BMNH, CH, LUZM, RMNH), Switzerland 1♀ (RMNH), United Kingdom 126♀ 34♂ (BMNH, CH).

Female 7th gastral tergite 1.4–4.5× (average= 2.6, n= 109) as long as its basal width; coxae in both sexes predominantly dark and metallic (Fig. 108); female forewing with 6–14 (average= 8, n= 109) admarginal setae, male with 6–12 admarginal setae; female flagellomeres 1–4 ventrally with two sets of long setae, one attached subbasally and one attached medially or subapically (Fig. 116), male flagellomeres 1–4 each with a basal whorl of setae and with scattered setae apical to whorl (Fig. 120). Similar to Omphale chryseis but with all coxae dark and metallic, and female on average with a longer 7^th gastral tergite. These species can also be separated through their WIP in forewings: Omphale salicis has a narrow straight yellow line from stigmal vein to hind margin of wing separating an apical blue and a basal magenta area (Fig. 114), Omphale chryseis has apical ½ yellow and basal ½ with wide bands in magenta, blue and yellow (Fig. 84). Also similar to Omphale theana but with more admarginal setae in forewing, female flagellomeres 1–4 ventrally with two sets of long setae, coxae predominantly dark and metallic, mesosoma predominantly dark and metallic, scutellum very occasionally with sides brownish; forewing WIPs different: Omphale salicis with apical and basal halves with different colours (Fig. 114), Omphale theana with one colour (Fig. 129).

Female. Length of body 1.4–3.1 mm. Antenna with scape brown with dorsal margin dark brown; pedicel and flagellum dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 2.0× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.1× as long and 1.0× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 116); flagellomeres 1–4 ventrally with two sets of long setae, one attached subbasally and one attached medially or subapically; clava 2-segmented. Face golden green to bluish green metallic (Fig. 111), strigose-reticulate (Fig. 117); clypeus golden green, smooth, semicircular, 1.6× as wide as high; gena golden green with or without red metallic tinges; lower frons including interscrobal area golden green, green or bluish green metallic, with strong reticulation; antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons golden, with very weak reticulation; vertex golden red with green tinges, with very weak reticulation (Fig. 118). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 118).

Mesoscutum golden green, green or bluish green metallic (Fig. 109), occasionally golden red, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 115), midlobe with 1–2 pairs of setae; notauli as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum golden green, green or bluish green metallic (Fig. 109), occasionally golden red, very rarely with lateral parts brown with metallic tinges, with engraved and weak reticulation (Fig. 115), 1.2× as long as wide, with anterior margin smoothly curved forward. Axillae golden green or green metallic (Fig. 109). Dorsellum golden green (Fig. 109), convex and smooth (Fig. 115), 0.3× as long as wide, and 0.9× as long as length of median propodeum. Entire lateral mesosoma golden green, green or bluish green metallic (Fig. 108); transepimeral sulcus curved forwards. Propodeum golden green, green or bluish green metallic (Fig. 109), smooth (Fig. 115); propodeal callus with two setae. Coxae green or bluish green metallic (Fig. 108), midcoxa sometimes paler; femora dark brown; tibiae yellowish brown; foretarsus dark brown, mid- and hind tarsi with segments 1–3 yellowish brown and 4 dark brown; midleg with first tarsal segment 0.4× as long as tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins yellowish brown, setae dark brown (Fig. 113); speculum closed; admarginal setae 6–14, arising from marginal vein; radial cell bare and long, 3.2× as long as length of postmarginal vein; postmarginal vein 0.8× as long as stigmal vein. Hind wing tran-sparent, apex pointed (Fig. 113). Forewing WIP (Fig. 114) with apical ½ blue and basal ½ magenta, separated by a straight and narrow yellow line.

Petiole dark brown. Gaster with tergites 1–6 golden green to bluish green metallic with posterior ½ dark brown metallic, shiny, smooth, elongate and 2.5–2.7× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite 0.2× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Length of body 1.0–1.7 mm. Features as in female except as follows. Antenna with scape dark brown metallic with basal part yellowish white; pedicel + flagellum 3.4× as long as distance between eyes; flagellomeres 1–4 with verticillate setae and with setae apical to basal whorl (Fig. 120); clava 1-segmented. Face golden red or bluish green metallic (Fig. 112); clypeus golden green, bluish green metallic, 1.5× as wide as high; gena golden red, green metallic; lower frons golden red with green metallic tinges, bluish green metallic, with weak reticulation (Fig. 121), interscrobal area smooth; upper frons golden red; vertex golden red, smooth (Fig. 122).

Mesoscutum golden red (Fig. 110), bluish green metallic, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 119), midlobe with one pair of setae (posterior pair). Scutellum golden red (Fig. 110), golden green, or bluish green metallic; 1.3× as long as wide. Axillae golden red (Fig. 110). Dorsellum golden, 0.5× as long as wide, and 0.7× as long as length of median propodeum. Entire lateral mesosoma golden green with red metallic tinges. Propodeum golden red with lateral parts golden green (Fig. 110). Coxae golden green or bluish green metallic, midcoxa sometimes paler; femora dark brown to pale brown; midleg with first tarsal segment 0.3× as long as tarsus. Forewing admarginal setae 6–12; postmarginal vein 0.9× as long as stigmal vein.

Petiole dark brown. Gaster with first tergite golden green in anterior ½, posterior ½ and remaining tergites dark brown with purple metallic tinges, 0.9-1.1× as long as length of mesosoma. Phallobase and aedeagus as in Fig. 484.

Contarinia lentis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (probable record) (Szelényi 1944), Contarinia loti (Gijswijt 1976); Contarinia vincetoxici (new record).

Austria (Kirchner 1867), Czech Republic (Bouček and Askew 1968), France (De Gaulle 1908), Germany (Nees 1834), Greece (new record), Hungary (Szelényi 1944), Ireland (new record), Italy (new record), Netherlands (Bouček and Askew 1968), Norway (new record), Portugal (new record), Russia (St. Petersburg area) (new record), Sweden (Thomson 1878), Switzerland (new record), United Kingdom (Haliday 1833), Yugoslavia (Bouček and Askew 1968); Canada (Hansson 1996b) (Fig. 509).

Type material. Lectotype females of Entedon theana, type no. 5.2033, and Entedon ithonus, type no. 5.2034, both types in BMNH; lectotype female of Derostenus radialis, type no. 117:1 in LUZM; holotype female of Achrysocharella americana, type no 19586 in USNM. Additio-nal material. 334♀ 3♂: France 11♀ 1♂ (BMNH, RMNH), Germany 6♀ (RMNH), Hungary 10♀ (BMNH, CH), Netherlands 3♀ (RMNH), Russia 64♀ (BMNH, CH, LUZM), Sweden 175♀ (BMNH, CH, LUZM), United Kingdom 65♀ 2♂ (BMNH).

Female with 7th gastral tergite 1.3–4.3× (average= 2.5, n= 156) as long as its basal width; interscrobal area, prosternum, prepectus and sides of scutellum frequently brownish-testaceous non metallic; coxae yellowish brown to yellowish white (Fig. 123), base with or without infuscation; forewing with 2–5 admarginal setae; female flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with one set of setae attached subbasally and reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to (Fig. 131); male flagellomeres 1–4 with a single basal whorl of setae (Fig. 135), flagellomere 5 with scattered setae; forewing interference pattern, both sexes, with one colour (Fig. 129) – hue varies depending on size of specimen, which is different from the other species in this group that have different colours on basal and apical halves of the forewing. Very similar to Omphale acuminata, differs in the length of the 7^th gastral tergite in female, which is longer in Omphale theana, see above “Morphometric analyses…”, and in having a different WIP – forewing with one colour in Omphale theana (Fig. 129), but with two large areas with different colours in Omphale acuminata (Fig. 77). Through the elongate female gaster also similar to Omphale salicis, from which it differs in having fewer admarginal setae in forewing (6–14 in Omphale salicis), in having coxae predominantly non-metallic, and in WIPs – the unicoloured forewing WIP in Omphale theana separates it from the other species in this group.

Female. Length of body 1.2–2.3 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish brown with apical ⅓ and dorsal margin dark brown; pedicel and flagellum dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 2.1× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.0× as long and 1.0× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 131); flagellomeres 1–4 ventrally with one set of setae attached subbasally and reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to; clava 2-segmented. Face golden green to bluish green metallic (Fig. 126), strigose (Fig. 132); clypeus golden green with margin towards frons frequently brown, wrinkled to smooth, trapezoid to semicircular, 1.7× as wide as high; gena not visible on type of Omphale theana but brown with golden tinges in non-type material; lower frons golden green to bluish green metallic, with weak reticulation; interscrobal area pale brown, yellowish brown, or dark brown metallic, smooth; antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons golden to bluish green metallic, with very weak reticulation; vertex brown with golden to golden green tinges, with very weak reticulation (Fig. 133). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 133).

Mesoscutum golden red with green metallic tinges, golden green, or bluish green metallic (Fig. 124), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 130)), midlobe with two pairs (1–2 pairs in non-type material) of setae; notauli as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum golden red, golden green, or bluish green metallic (Fig. 124), and frequently partly brown to yellowish brown – then usually with lateral parts non metallic, with engraved and weak reticulation (Fig. 130), 1.1× as long as wide, with anterior margin smoothly curved forward. Axillae brown with golden tinges (Fig. 124). Dorsellum brown to yellowish brown (Fig. 124), convex and smooth (Fig. 130), 0.4× as long as wide, and 1.0× as long as length of median propodeum. Entire lateral mesosoma brown with metallic tinges (Fig. 123), to with propleuron, lateral pronotum, prepectus and mesepisternum yellowish brown; transepimeral sulcus curved forwards. Propodeum dark brown with metallic tinges (Fig. 124), smooth (Fig. 130); propodeal callus with two setae. Legs yellowish brown, with base of hind coxa brown (Fig. 123); midleg with first tarsal segment 0.4× as long as tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins yellowish brown, setae dark brown (Fig. 128); speculum closed; admarginal setae 4 (2–5 in non-type material), arising from marginal vein; radial cell bare and long, 2.0× as long as length of postmarginal vein; postmarginal vein 0.9–1.0× as long as stigmal vein. Hind wing transparent, apex pointed (Fig. 128). Forewing WIP (Fig. 129) entirely in magenta.

Petiole brown. Gaster dark brown, to yellowish brown with posterior margin of tergites dark brown, and shiny, smooth, elongate and 2.8× (2.0–2.7× in non-type material) as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite 0.3–0.5× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Length of body 1.2–1.3 mm. Features as in female except as follows. Antennal pedicel + flagellum 3.1× as long as distance between eyes; flagellomeres 1–4 with verticillate setae and with setae reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to (Fig. 135); clava 1-segmented. Face metallic bluish green (Fig. 127), strigose (Fig. 136); clypeus metallic bluish green, smooth, 1.2× as wide as high; gena golden green; lower frons golden green or golden red; upper frons golden or golden red; vertex golden red, with weak reticulation (Fig. 137).

Mesoscutum bluish green metallic (Fig. 125) or golden red, midlobe with one pair of setae (posterior pair) (Fig. 134). Scutellum golden green or golden red, 1.2× as long as wide. Axillae golden. Dorsellum dark brown with golden tinges (Fig. 125); 0.7× as long as length of median propodeum. Entire lateral mesosoma golden green or bluish green metallic. Propodeum golden red. Legs yellowish brown, hind coxa with base dark brown metallic; midleg with first tarsomere 0.3× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing admarginal setae 3–5; postmarginal vein 0.9× as long as stigmal vein.

Petiole dark brown. Gaster dark brown metallic, smooth, 1.1× as long as length of mesosoma. Phallobase and aedeagus as in Fig. 485.

Unknown.

Czech Republic (Bouček and Askew 1968), Faroes (Kryger and Schmiedeknecht 1938), France (Gijswijt 1976), Germany (Gijswijt 1976), Hungary (Erdös 1956), Netherlands (Gijswijt 1976), Russia (Yefremova 2002), Sweden (Thomson 1878), United Kingdom (Walker 1839); Canada (Hansson 1996b), USA (Girault 1916) (Fig. 510).

Type material. Holotype female, type no. 1296 in OUMNH. Additional material. 24♀ 8♂: Germany 4♀ 2♂ (RMNH), Netherlands 9♀ 4♂ (RMNH), Romania 1♀ (CH), Sweden 8♀ 2♂ (BMNH, CH, NHRS), United Kingdom 2♀ (BMNH).

Female gaster short ovate, 1.0–1.4× as long as mesosoma (Fig. 139); forewing with 8–10 admarginal setae and postmarginal vein 1.4–1.5× as long as stigmal vein (Fig. 144); legs and petiole yellowish brown (Fig. 138), femora frequently dark brown; male flagellomeres 1–4 with basal setae in a whorl (Fig. 151). Similar to Omphale phruron but with coxae completely pale and shorter gaster in female. Male genitalia: phallobase (Fig. 486) with volsellar setae on short extensions and with apex of setae 0.4× the length of setae from apex of phallobase, digitus 0.8× as long as wide; aedeagus short and stout (Fig. 486), with penis valves 1.3× as long as wide.

Female. Length of body 0.9–1.4 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish brown with apical ⅓ dark brown, pedicel and flagellum dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 2.0× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.1× as long and 1.3× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 147); flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with one set of setae attached close to base of each flagellomere and reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to; clava 2-segmented. Face golden purple (Fig. 140), with weak striae (Fig. 148); clypeus golden purple, smooth, rectangular to trapezoid, 1.6× as wide as high; gena dark brown with golden purple tinges; lower frons golden purple, with weak reticulation; antennal scrobes join on frontal suture; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons golden purple, with weak reticulation; vertex golden purple, with engraved weak reticulation (Fig. 149). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 149).

Mesoscutum with midlobe golden purplish and sidelobes golden green (Fig. 141), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 146), midlobe with one pair of setae (posterior pair); notauli as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum golden purplish with posterior margin golden green (Fig. 141), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 146); 1.1× as long as wide; with anteromedian margin almost straight. Axillae golden purple (Fig. 141). Dorsellum golden purple (Fig. 141), slightly concave with very weak reticulation (Fig. 146), 0.4× as long as wide, and 0.6× as long as length of median propodeum. Entire lateral mesosoma golden purple (Fig. 138); transepimeral sulcus curved forwards. Propodeum golden green with median part golden purple (Fig. 141), smooth (Fig. 146); propodeal callus with two setae. Legs yellowish brown (Fig. 138), in holotype entirely so, but non-types frequently with femora pale brown to dark brown; midleg with first tarsomere 0.4× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins yellowish brown, setae dark brown (Fig. 144); speculum closed; admarginal setae 8–10, arising from membrane just behind marginal vein (holotype), or from ventral part of marginal vein and from membrane just behind marginal vein (in additional material); radial cell bare; postmarginal vein 1.4× as long as stigmal vein, stigmal vein slender. Hind wing transparent, apex pointed (Fig. 144). Forewing WIP (Fig. 145) with apical ½ magenta with narrow blue borders, basal ½ with wide bands in yellow, magenta and blue.

Petiole yellowish brown. Gaster dark brown with golden green and blue metallic tinges, ovate and 1.0–1.4× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite 0.03× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Length of body 1.0–1.3 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish brown in basal ½, dark brown metallic in apical ½; pedicel + flagellum 2.6× as long as distance between eyes; flagellomeres 1–4 with verticillate setae and with setae about as long as flagellomere attached to (Fig. 151), with or without a few scattered setae apical to basal whorl; clava 1-segmented. Face bluish purple metallic (Fig. 142), strigose (Fig. 152); clypeus bluish purple metallic, smooth, trapezoid to semicircular, 1.6× as wide as high; gena dark brown metallic; lower frons bluish green metalic, with engraved weak reticulation, partly smooth; antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately; upper frons with very weak reticulation.

Mesoscutum with midlobe golden purplish and sidelobes green metallic (Fig. 143). Scutellum golden purple with posterior margin green metallic (Fig. 143). Dorsellum convex with weak sculpture (Fig. 150), 0.5× as long as wide, and 0.4× as long as length of median propodeum. Entire lateral mesosoma dark brown metallic. Propodeum golden green with median part purplish (Fig. 143). Legs with coxae yellowish brown with base infuscate, femora pale brown to dark brown; tibiae yellowish brown; tarsi yellowish brown with apical tarsomere dark brown. Forewing with admarginal setae 7–9, arising from marginal vein and from membrane just behind marginal vein; postmarginal vein 1.5× as long as stigmal vein.

Petiole dark brown. Gaster dark brown metallic, 1.1× as long as length of mesosoma. Phallobase and aedeagus as in Fig. 486.

Cystiphora taraxaci (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (Gijswijt 1976), Cystiphora sonchi on Sonchus palustris (Vidal 1993); Cystiphora sanguinea on Hieracium sabaudum (Askew 2003).

Germany (Gijswijt 1976), Netherlands (Gijswijt 1976), Romania (new record), Sweden (Hedqvist 2003), United Kingdom (Graham 1963) (Fig. 511).

Type material. Lectotype female, type no. 5.2037 in BMNH. Additional material. 134♀ 4♂: Denmark 1♀ (LUZM), France 8♀ (BMNH, RMNH), Germany 1♀ (RMNH), Hungary 54♀ (BMNH, CH), Netherlands 5♀ (RMNH), Slovenia 1♀ (RMNH), Sweden 38♀ 4♂ (CH), United Kingdom 26♀ (BMNH).

Forewing speculum open below (Fig. 159), postmarginal vein 1.8-2.0× as long as stigmal vein, with 3–6 admarginal setae; female antenna with first flagellomere slightly enlarged and distinctly wider than second flagellomere (Fig. 162), flagellomeres 1–4 with a set of long setae attached at base and reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to; male antenna with flagellomeres with verticillate setae (Fig. 166); coxae yellowish brown (Fig. 154); forewing with row of admarginal setae with all, or most, from ventral marginal vein and with radial cell (usually) bare (Fig. 159). Male genitalia: phallobase (Fig. 487) with volsellar setae on long extensions and with apex of setae 0.2× the length of setae from apex of phallobase, digitus triangular and as long as wide; aedeagus short and stout (Fig. 487), with penis valves 1.8× as long as wide.

Female. Length of body 1.1–1.6 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish brown with dorso-apical ⅓ dark brown; pedicel and flagellum dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 1.8× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.0× as long and 1.3× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 162); flagellomeres 1–4 with scattered short setae and ventrally with a set of long setae attached at base and reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to; longitudinal sensilla on flagellomeres as long as flagellomere attached to; clava 2-segmented. Face dark brown with golden tinges (Fig. 157), strigose (Fig. 163); clypeus dark brown with green metallic tinges, smooth, semicircular to trapezoid, 2.0× as wide as high; gena dark brown with golden tinges; lower frons golden with green metallic tinges or spots, purple metallic, or bluish green metallic, with raised weak reticulation; interscrobal area smooth; antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons golden red with very weak reticulation, shiny; vertex golden with green tinges to purple metallic, smooth outside ocellar triangle, with very weak reticulation inside triangle (Fig. 164). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 164).

Mesoscutum golden green, bronze (Fig. 155), or blue metallic, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 161), midlobe with two pairs of setae; notauli as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum black with green metallic tinges, golden, bronze (Fig. 155), or blue metallic, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 161); 1.2× as long as wide, with anterior margin smoothly curved forwards. Axillae black with green metallic tinges or bronze (Fig. 155). Dorsellum black with golden and green metallic tinges (Fig. 155), smooth and flat (Fig. 161), with posterior margin raised, 0.3× as long as wide, and 0.5× as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum green metallic (Fig. 154); propleuron dark brown with metallic tinges; prepectus black metallic; acropleuron dark brown; mesepisternum dark brown with metallic tinges; mesepimeron dark brown metallic; transepimeral sulcus distinctly curved. Propodeum golden with green and purple metallic tinges (Fig. 155), or blue metallic, smooth (Fig. 161); propodeal callus with two setae. Coxae yellowish brown (Fig. 154), fore- and hind coxa with base dark brown; femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow; midleg with first tarsomere 0.3× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins yellowish brown and setae dark brown (Fig. 159); speculum open; admarginal setae 3–5, arising from marginal vein and from membrane just below vein; radial cell bare; postmarginal vein 1.8–2.0× as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein long and slender. Hind wing transparent, apex rounded (Fig. 159). Forewing WIP (Fig. 160) with apical ½ magenta, basal ½ predominantly blue, border between apical and basal parts a mix of magenta and blue, basal ½ with a small ovate magenta spot just behind marginal vein and just before stigmal vein.

Petiole yellow to yellowish brown. Gaster with first tergite green metallic, remaining tergites dark brown with golden, purple and green metallic tinges, smooth, elongate and 1.4–1.5× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite 0.09× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Length of body 1.1–1.2 mm. Features as in female except as follows. Antenna with scape with outer surface yellowish white, inner surface dark brown with green and blue metallic tinges, with dorsal edge dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 2.4× as long as distance between eyes; flagellomeres 1–4 with verticillate setae (Fig. 166); clava 1-segmented. Face bluish purple metallic (Fig. 158); clypeus bluish purple metallic or bluish green metallic, rectangular (Fig. 167), 1.8× as wide as high; gena golden red; lower frons blue metallic, with raised reticulation; interscrobal area with weak reticulation; upper frons bluish green metallic, smooth; vertex inside ocellar triangle purple metallic, outside triangle golden green.

Mesoscutum bluish green metallic (Fig. 156), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 165). Scutellum green metallic with blue metallic tinges (Fig. 156), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 165); 1.1× as long as wide. Axillae golden green (Fig. 156). Dorsellum blue metallic (Fig. 156). Lateral pronotum golden; propleuron blue metallic; upper mesepimeron purple metallic; lower mesepimeron dark brown metallic. Propodeum bluish green metallic (Fig. 156). Legs with coxae yellowish brown to pale brown with base dark brown; femora pale brown; tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown. Forewing tran-sparent, veins yellowish brown and setae dark brown; admarginal setae 5–6; postmarginal vein 2.0× as long as stigmal vein.

Petiole dark brown. Gaster with first tergite bluish green metallic, remaining tergites black with golden and green metallic tinges, smooth, 1.3–1.4× as long as length of mesosoma. Phallobase and aedeagus as in Fig. 487.

Dasineura pyri (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (new record).

Czech Republic (Bouček and Askew 1968), Denmark (new record), France (new record), Germany (Bouček and Askew 1968), Hungary (new record), Netherlands (Gijswijt 1976), Russia (Yefremova 2002), Slovenia (new record), Sweden (Hansson 1991), United Kingdom (Walker 1839) (Fig. 512).

Holotype NETHERLANDS: female (RMNH), glued to a card, labelled: “Wessum, 5.vii.1972, H.J. Vlug, ex Bayeria capitigena on Euphorbia esula”. Paratypes. 13♀ 11♂: CZECH REPUBLIC: 2♀ “Moravia, 12 km E Boskovice, 11.vi.1996, M.J. Gijswijt” (RMNH). FRANCE: 2♀ “Dept Aisne, Cerny, xerobrometum, 2.vii.1971, M.J. Gijswijt” (RMNH); 1♂ “Dept Aisne, Cerny en Laon, Mont de Fer, 6.vii.1983, M.J. Gijswijt” (RMNH); 1♀ “Hautes Alpes, Arvieux, 8.vii.1990, Brunissard, 1750-1900m, G. Delvare” (RMNH). GREECE: 1♀ “Thesprotias, 6 km SW Igoumenitsa, 13.iv.1998, M.J. Gijswijt” (RMNH); 1♀ “Peloponnesos, Lakonia, Parori, 5 km E Sparti, 3.v.1989, M.J. Gijswijt” (RMNH). NETHERLANDS: 4♀ 2♂ with same label data as holotype (RMNH); 1♀ 7♂ “Wessum, 28.vi.1972, H.J. Vlug, gal Bayeria capitigena on Euphorbia esula, coll. 22.vii.1971” (BMNH, RMNH). SWEDEN: 1♀ “Skåne, Degeberga, 9.vii.1938” (BMNH). UNITED KINGDOM: 1♂ “England, Cambs, Woodwalton fen, 19.vii-28.viii.1978, J.S. Noyes” (BMNH).

Thoracic dorsum golden green or metallic bluish green (Figs 170, 171); coxae golden green and femora dark brown metallic (Fig. 169); female gaster elongate, 1.6–1.9× as long as length of mesosoma (Fig. 169); propodeum with very weak reticulation (Fig. 176). Similar to Omphale phruron but female flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with two sets of setae (Fig. 177), both sexes with thoracic dorsum bright golden green or bluish green; more (9–12) admarginal setae; female gaster longer, 1.6–1.9× as long as mesosoma. Male genitalia: phallobase (Fig. 488) with volsellar setae on short extensions and with apex of setae 1.6× the length of setae from apex of phallobase, digitus 0.7× as long as wide; aedeagus short and stout (Fig. 488), with penis valves 1.5× as long as wide.

Female. Length of body 1.4–2.0 mm. Antenna with scape dark brown with base yellowish brown, pedicel and flagellum dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 1.8× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.1× as long and 1.2× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 177); flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with two sets of setae, one attached subbasally and one subapically; clava 2-segmented. Face golden red, reticulate (Fig. 178); clypeus golden green (Fig. 172), smooth, semicircular, 1.9× as wide as high; gena golden purple to golden red; lower frons golden green, with strong reticulation but smooth below toruli; antennal scrobes join on frontal suture; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons golden red to golden green, with weak reticulation; vertex golden green inside ocellar triangle, golden red outside, with engraved weak reticulation. Occipital margin rounded.

Mesoscutum golden green (Fig. 170), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 176), midlobe with two pairs of setae; notauli as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum golden green (Fig. 170), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 176); 1.0× as long as wide, with anterior margin almost straight. Axillae golden (Fig. 170). Dorsellum golden (Fig. 170), convex with very weak sculpture (Fig. 176), 0.2× as long as wide, and 0.6× as long as length of median propodeum. Entire lateral mesosoma golden green to golden purple (Fig. 169); transepimeral sulcus curved forwards. Propodeum golden green with median part golden red (Fig. 170), with very weak reticulation but smooth medially (Fig. 176); propodeal callus with two setae. Coxae golden green (Fig. 169); femora dark brown metallic; foretibia pale brown, mid- and hind tibiae dark brown; foretarsus dark brown, mid- and hind tarsi with tarsomeres 1–3 yellowish brown and 4 dark brown; midleg with first tarsomere 0.3× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent with slight infuscation just below stigmal vein, veins yellowish brown (Fig. 174), setae dark brown; speculum closed; admarginal setae 9–12, arising from ventral marginal vein and some from membrane just behind marginal vein; radial cell bare, but with setae in posterior part; postmarginal vein 1.1× as long as stigmal vein, stigmal vein slender. Hind wing transparent, apex rounded (Fig. 174). Forewing WIP (Fig. 175) blue with margins along foremargin of wing, basal margin and basal ½ of hind margin magenta.

Petiole dark brown. Gaster with tergites 1–5 bluish green metallic with posterior margin golden purple, tergite 6 completely bluish green metallic, tergite 7 completely golden purple, elongate and 1.6–1.9× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite 0.1× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Length of body 1.1–1.4 mm. Features as in female except as follows. Antenna with scape golden green with base yellowish brown, pedicel golden green, flagellum dark brown metallic; pedicel + flagellum 1.6× as long as distance between eyes; flagellomeres 1–4 with verticillate setae and with several scattered setae apical to basal whorl (Fig. 180); clava 1-segmented. Face bluish green metallic (Fig. 173), strigose-reticulate (Fig. 181); clypeus bluish green metallic, smooth, trapezoid, 1.4× as wide as high; gena golden; lower frons golden green, with rather strong reticulation but smooth below toruli; antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately; upper frons golden green; vertex golden green.

Mesoscutum golden green to bluish green metallic (Fig. 171). Scutellum bluish green metallic (Fig. 171); 1.1× as long as wide. Axillae golden green (Fig. 171). Dorsellum bluish green metallic (Fig. 171), convex and smooth (Fig. 179), 0.3× as long as wide, and 0.5× as long as length of median propodeum. Propodeum golden green (Fig. 171). Tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Forewing admarginal setae 8–11, arising from marginal vein and from membrane just behind marginal vein; postmarginal vein 1.0× as long as stigmal vein.

Petiole dark brown. Gaster with first tergite bluish green metallic, remaining tergites dark brown to golden green, 1.0–1.2× as long as length of mesosoma. Phallobase and aedeagus as in Fig. 488.

Bayeria capitigena (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Euphorbia esula.

Czech Republic, France, Greece, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom, Netherlands (Fig. 513).

Name referring to host plant of host.

Holotype female (BMNH), glued to a card, labelled “SWEDEN: Skåne, Lake Kranke, Lottagården, 55°42'N, 13°29'E, 6.vi.2006, C. Hansson & E. Shevtsova”. Paratypes. 68♀ 18♂ FRANCE: 1♀ “St. Loi, 15 km W. Saint-Emiland, 14.viii.2001, J.S. Noyes” (BMNH); 1♀ ”Montals, ABPHY (Gard), 11.vii.1989, G. Delvare” (RMNH). GERMANY: 5♀”no specified locality, viii.1965, from Geocrypta galii on Galium pumilum” (RMNH); 1♀ 1♂ “Baden-Württemberg, 21.vii.1972, M.J. Gijswijt” (RMNH); 1♂ “Nordrhein-Westfalen, Brochterbeck, 20.v.1971, M.J. Gijswijt” (RMNH). HUNGARY: 9♀ “Veszprem Co., Nyirad, 47°00'N, 17°27'E, 213 m, 27.vi.2010, C. Hansson & J.S. Noyes” (BMNH, CH); 1♀ “Vas Co., Bárkás Lake, 46°52'N, 16°25'E, 28.vi.2010, C. Hansson” (BMNH). NETHERLANDS: 1♀ ”Delfzijl, 11.vi.1997, K. Alders” (RMNH). SWEDEN: 1♀ “Blekinge, Kristianopel, 21.vi.1998, R. Danielsson” (LUZM); 24♀ 4♂ with same label data as holotype (BMNH, CH, LUZM); 1♀ from same locality as holotype but collected 14.vii.2006 (BMNH); 1♀ “Skåne, Lake Kranke, West, 55°42'N, 13°27'E, 6.vi.2006, C. Hansson & E. Shevtsova” (BMNH); 3♀ 3♂ from same locality as previous but collected 8.viii.2006 (CH); 2♂ “Skåne, Silvåkra, 1.viii.1984, C. Hansson” (LUZM); 1♀ from same locality as previous but collected 2.vii.2005 (LUZM); 1♂ ”Skåne, Lake Kranke, Stensoffa, 55°42'N, 13°26'E, 8.viii.2006, C. Hansson & E. Shevtsova” (LUZM); 1♀ “Skåne, Vomb, 18.vii.2006, C. Hansson & E. Shevtsova” (LUZM); 1♂ ”Skåne, Vombsjöns SV strand, 21.vi.1983, C. Hansson” (LUZM); 5♀ 1♂ ”Skåne, Häckeberga swamp, 55°34'N, 13°25'E, 5.vii.2006, C. Hansson & E. Shevtsova” (BMNH, CH); 1♀”Skåne, Lund, 17.vii.1983, C. Hansson” (BMNH);1♀ “Skåne, Skäralid, 6-17.viii. 1994, M. Sporrong” (LUZM); 1♂ ”Närke, Örebro, 4.vii.1947, A. Jansson” (LUZM); 1♀ from same locality as previous but 14.vii.1953 (LUZM); 1♀ “Småland, Skillingaryd, 4.vii.1941, A. Jansson” (LUZM); 1♂ “Öland, Kalkstad, 56°37'N, 16°32'E, 20.vi.2007, C. Hansson” (BMNH). UNITED KINGDOM: 6♀ 1♂ ”England, Norfolk, Irrimes Graves, 25.vii.1978, J.S. Noyes” (BMNH); 1♀ ”England, Lincolnshire, Salmonby, 28.vii.1951, M.W.R. de V. Graham” (BMNH); 1♀ ”England, Berkshire, Mapledurham, 14.vi.1975, J.S. Noyes” (BMNH); 1♂ ”England, Oxfordshire, Lewknor, 13.vi.1970, M.W.R. de V. Graham” (BMNH).

Mesoscutum and scutellum usually bicoloured in golden purple or purple metallic and bluish green metallic (Fig. 184), and thus similar to Omphale phruron; female coxae bi-coloured (Fig. 183): brown with at least apices pale (yellowish brown or pale brown), femora dark brown with apices yellowish brown; tibiae yellowish brown (occasionally dark brown). Similar to Omphale phruron but female gaster shorter, scape predominantly pale (yellowish brown), coxae and femora with apical parts pale (yellowish brown), tibiae usually completely pale, male flagellomeres 1–4 longer and with several setae apical to basal whorl (Fig. 195). Male genitalia: phallobase (Fig. 489) with volsellar setae on long extensions and with apex of setae 0.1× the length of setae from apex of phallobase, digitus 1.6× as long as wide; aedeagus long and slender (Fig. 489), with penis valves 3.6× as long as wide. Male genitalia are thus very different from male genitalia in O. phruron.

Female. Length of body 0.9–1.5 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish brown with dorsal margin dark brown, pedicel and flagellum dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 1.8× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.1× as long and 1.3× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 191); flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with one set of long setae attached subbasally and reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to; clava 1-segmented. Face golden purple (Fig. 186), with weak striae (Fig. 192); clypeus golden with purple metallic tinges, smooth, semicircular, 1.8× as wide as high; gena golden purplish; lower frons golden purple, with weak reticulation, subtorular and interscrobal areas green metallic and smooth; antennal scrobes join on frontal suture; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons golden with purple and green metallic tinges, with very weak reticulation; vertex golden purple, with engraved weak reticulation (Fig. 193). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 193).

Mesoscutum with anterior ½ golden purple and posterior ½ bluish green metallic (Fig. 184), occasionally with entire midlobe golden purple, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 190), midlobe with one pair of setae (posterior pair); notauli as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum with anterior ½–⅔ golden purple and posterior ⅓–½ bluish green metallic (Fig. 184), to completely golden purple, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 190); 1.2× as long as wide, with anterior margin almost straight. Axillae golden purple (Fig. 184). Dorsellum golden purple (Fig. 184), concave with weak reticulation (Fig. 190), 0.3× as long as wide, and 0.4× as long as length of median propodeum. Entire lateral mesosoma golden with green metallic tinges (Fig. 183); transepimeral sulcus strongly curved forwards. Propodeum golden green with median part purplish (Fig. 184), smooth (Fig. 190); propodeal callus with two setae. Coxae yellowish brown with bases brown to brown with apices yellowish brown (Fig. 183); femora dark brown with apex yellowish brown; tibiae yellowish brown, occasionally dark brown; foretarsus dark brown, mid- and hind tarsi yellowish brown becoming gradually darker towards apex; midleg with first tarsomere 0.3× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins yellowish brown, setae dark brown (Fig. 188); speculum closed; admarginal setae 7–11, arising from marginal vein; radial cell bare; postmarginal vein 1.0× as long as stigmal vein, stigmal vein slender. Hind wing tran-sparent, apex pointed (Fig. 188). Forewing WIP (Fig. 189) with apical ½ magenta, basal ½ with wide bands in blue, yellow and magenta.

Petiole dark brown. Gaster with first tergite bluish green metallic, remaining tergites dark brown with golden green tinges, ovate and 1.1–1.3× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite 0.07× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Length of body 0.9–1.3 mm. Features as in female except as follows. Antenna dark brown metallic; pedicel + flagellum 2.5× as long as distance between eyes; flagellomeres 1–4 with verticillate setae and with setae reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to, with scattered setae apical to basal whorl (Fig. 195); clava 1-segmented. Face golden red with green metallic tinges, to golden green, strigose; clypeus golden red with green metallic tinges to golden green, smooth, trapezoid to semicircular, 1.6× as wide as high; gena golden purple; lower frons golden red, golden green, or bluish green metallic (Fig. 187); antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately (Fig. 196); upper frons golden red, golden purple, or bluish green metallic, with weak reticulation; vertex dark brown with purple metallic tinges.

Mesoscutum golden red or golden purple with green metallic tinges (Fig. 185). Scutellum with anterior ⅔ golden purple, posterior ⅓ green metallic (Fig. 185), to completely golden purple or purple metallic; 1.3× as long as wide. Some Swedish speci- mens with mesoscutum and scutellum greenish blue metallic. Dorsellum golden to golden green (Fig. 185), slightly concave and smooth (Fig. 194), 0.4× as long as wide, and 0.5× as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum golden; prepectus, mesepisternum and mespeimeron dark brown metallic. Legs with coxae and femora dark brown metallic; tibiae pale brown to dark brown; tarsi yellowish brown to pale brown; midleg with first tarsomere 0.3× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing admarginal setae 6–7, arising from marginal vein; stigmal vein slightly enlarged to slender.

Petiole dark brown. Gaster with first tergite golden green, remaining tergites dark brown with golden tinges, 1.0× as long as length of mesosoma. Phallobase and aedeagus as in Fig. 489.

Geocrypta galii (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Galium spp.

France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom (Fig. 514).

From the Latin incognita = unknown.

Holotype female (BMNH), glued to a card, labelled: “SWEDEN: Skåne, Häckeberga swamp, 55°34'N, 13°25'E, 25.vii.2006, C. Hansson & E. Shevtsova”. Paratype. 1♀ “SWEDEN: Skåne, Lake Kranke, Lottagården, 55°42'N, 13°29'E, 6.vi.2006, C. Hansson & E. Shevtsova” (BMNH).

Several body parts pale non metallic: frons with interscrobal area and parts below level of toruli yellowish brown and smooth (Fig. 199); scutellum with three wide longitudinal stripes (Fig. 200), lateral ⅓ yellowish brown and median ⅓ golden; pronotum, propleuron, prepectus and mesepisternum yellowish brown (Fig. 198); legs yellowish brown with dark brown tarsi (Fig. 198); female gaster short, 1.3× as long as mesosoma (Fig. 198). Similar to Omphale tenuicornis but female flagellum much shorter, frons reticulate, with fewer admarginal setae (4), shorter postmarginal vein (1.0× as long as stigmal vein), and stigmal vein enlarged.

Female. Length of body 1.4–1.5 mm. Antenna with scape white with apical ⅓ and dorsal edge brown; pedicel and flagellum dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 1.9× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.2× as long and 1.1× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 204); flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with two sets of setae, one attached subbasally and one attached in apical ⅓ of flagellomeres attached to; clava 2-segmented. Face bluish green metallic (Fig. 199), strigose/reticulate (Fig. 205); clypeus purplish green metallic, smooth, semicircular, 2.0× as wide as high; gena dark brown with golden green tinges; lower frons with parts between antennal scrobes and eyes bluish green metallic with strong reticulation, interscrobal area and parts below level of toruli yellowish brown non metallic and smooth; antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons golden green, with weak reticulation; vertex dark brown with metallic tinges, with very weak reticulation (Fig. 206). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 206).

Mesoscutum bluish green metallic with golden tinges (Fig. 200), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 203), midlobe with two pairs of setae; notauli as narrow grooves in anterior ½ and as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum with lateral ⅓ yellowish brown and median ⅓ golden (Fig. 200), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 203); 1.2× as long as wide, with anterior margin smoothly curved forward. Axillae dark brown with golden tinges (Fig. 200). Dorsellum brown with metallic tinges (Fig. 200), smooth and convex (Fig. 203), 0.4× as long as wide, and 0.5× as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum and propleuron yellowish brown (Fig. 198); prepectus yellowish brown; mesepisternum yellowish brown; upper mesepimeron dark brown with bluish green metallic tinges and lower mesepimeron pale brown metallic; transepimeral sulcus curved forwards. Propodeum golden green with lateral parts brown non metallic (Fig. 200), smooth (Fig. 203); propodeal callus with two setae. Legs with coxae yellowish brown (Fig. 198), hind coxa with base dark brown metallic; femora and tibiae yellowish brown; tarsi dark brown; midleg with first tarsomere 0.4× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins yellowish brown and setae dark brown (Fig. 201); speculum closed; admarginal setae 4 arising from marginal vein; radial cell bare; postmarginal vein 1.0× as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein enlarged. Hind wing transparent, apex pointed (Fig. 201). Forewing WIP (Fig. 202) yellow with narrow margins in blue.

Petiole yellowish brown. Gaster yellowish brown with metallic tinges, short ovate and 1.3× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite short, 0.3× as long as wide and 0.07× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Unknown.

Unknown.

Sweden (Fig. 515).

Lydia was a Kingdom where, according to Greek mythology, the Queen Omphale once reigned.

Type material. Lectotype female, type no. 6001 in HNHM. Additional material. 6♀: Germany 1♀ (RMNH), Sweden 1♀ (BMNH), United Kingdom 4♀ (CH, BMNH).

Lower ½ of head, lateral pronotum, prepectus, mesepisternum, dorsellum and legs yellow (Figs 210–212); gaster elongate, 1.4–1.5× as long as mesosoma with apex pointed, yellow with 4 transverse dark brown bands; forewing with 3–4 admarginal setae.

Female. Length of body 0.9–1.4 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish brown with dorsal edge brown; pedicel pale brown; flagellum dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 2.1× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.1× as long and 1.1× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 208); flagellomeres 1–4 with a basal whorl of setae that are distinctly longer than flagellomere attached to, and with a few short and scattered setae apical to whorl; clava ±2-segmented. Face yellow (Fig. 211), with weak reticulation (Fig. 209); clypeus yellow, smooth, semicircular, 1.8× as wide as high; gena yellow; lower frons yellow, with raised reticulation, subtorular area smooth; interscrobal area smooth; antennal scrobes join on frontal suture; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons brown with metallic tinges, with raised reticulation; vertex dark brown with metallic tinges, with very weak reticulation. Occipital margin rounded.

Mesoscutum dark brown with golden and green metallic tinges (Fig. 212), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 207), midlobe with one pair of setae (posterior pair); notauli as indistinct impressions. Scutellum with median ⅓ dark brown with golden and green metallic tinges, and lateral ⅓ yellowish brown (Fig. 212), to completely dark brown metallic, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 207); 1.2× as long as wide, with anterior margin almost straight. Axillae dark brown with golden tinges (Fig. 212). Dorsellum yellow (Fig. 212), smooth and convex (Fig. 207), 0.3× as long as wide, and 0.6× as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum, propleuron, prepectus, acropleuron and mesepisternum yellow (Fig. 210); mesepimeron dark brown with metallic tinges; transepimeral sulcus weakly curved forwards. Propodeum dark brown and golden (Fig. 212), smooth (Fig. 207); propodeal callus with two setae. Legs yellow (Fig. 210); midleg with first tarsomere 0.4× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins yellow and setae dark brown (Fig. 213); speculum closed; admarginal setae 4, arising from marginal vein or from membrane just behind marginal vein; radial cell bare and long, 2.2× as long as length of postmarginal vein; postmarginal vein 1.0× as long as stigmal vein; stigmal vein slender. Hind wing tran-sparent, apex pointed (Fig. 213). Forewing WIP (Fig. 214) with apical ½ magenta with blue borders, basal ½ is a mix of magenta and blue.

Petiole yellow. Gaster yellow with posterior ½ of tergites 1–4 dark brown, i.e. with dark brown transverse bands, apical parts of ovipositor sheaths black; elongate and 1.4–1.5× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite 0.2× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Unknown.

Unknown.

Czech Republic (Bouček and Askew 1968), Germany (Gijswijt 1976), Hungary (Erdös 1954), Sweden (Hedqvist 2003), United Kingdom (Askew 2003) (Fig. 516).

Type material. Holotype female, type no. 1295 in OUMNH. Additional material. 12♀: France 2♀ (BMNH), Sweden 4♀ (CH, LUZM), United Kingdom 6♀ (BMNH).

Coxae yellowish brown with base darker, femora predominantly dark brown (Fig. 215); thoracic dorsum bright golden green (Fig. 217); flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with two sets of setae, one attached subbasally and one subapically (Fig. 221). Similar to Omphale phruron but female gaster shorter, fore- and midcoxae usually paler, female flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with two sets of setae, and body with brighter colours.

Female. Length of body 1.3–1.8 mm. Antenna with scape dark brown with base yellowish brown, pedicel and flagellum dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 2.2× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.2× as long and 1.2× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 221); flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with two sets of setae, one attached subbasally and one subapically on each flagellomere; clava 1-segmented. Face golden purple (Fig. 216), strigose-reticulate (Fig. 222); clypeus golden green, smooth, semicircular, 1.4× as wide as high; gena purple metallic; lower frons golden purple, with very weak reticulation and shiny, to smooth; antennal scrobes join on frontal suture; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons purple metallic, with very weak reticulation and shiny, to smooth; vertex purple metallic, with engraved weak reticulation (Fig. 223). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 223).

Mesoscutum golden green (Fig. 217), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 220), midlobe with one pair of setae (posterior pair); notauli as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum golden green (Fig. 217), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 220); 1.2× as long as wide, with anteromedian margin almost straight. Axillae golden green (Fig. 217). Dorsellum golden green (Fig. 217), convex and smooth (Fig. 220), 0.3× as long as wide, and 0.6× as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum golden green (Fig. 215), remaining parts of lateral mesosoma golden with green and purple metallic tinges; transepimeral sulcus curved forwards. Propodeum golden green (Fig. 217), smooth (Fig. 220); propodeal callus with two setae. Forecoxa yellowish brown with base dark brown (Fig. 215), to predominantly dark brown with only apex yellowish brown, midcoxa yellowish brown with base pale brown, hind coxa yellowish brown with base golden green; femora predominantly dark brown with apex yellowish brown; tibiae yellowish brown; foretarsus dark brown, mid- and hind tarsi yellowish brown with 4^th tarsomere dark brown to completely dark brown; midleg with first tarsomere 0.3× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins yellowish brown, setae dark brown (Fig. 218); speculum closed; admarginal setae 7–9, arising from ventral marginal vein; radial cell with bare part small, with setae in posterior part; postmarginal vein 1.4× as long as stigmal vein, stigmal vein slender. Hind wing transparent, apex pointed (Fig. 218). Forewing WIP (Fig. 219) with apical ½ blue, basal ½ with wide bands in yellow, magenta and blue.

Petiole pale brown. Gaster with first tergite golden green, remaining tergites golden purple, slightly elongate and 1.3–1.5× as long as length of mesosoma; 7^th tergite 0.1× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Unknown

Unknown.

France (new record), Sweden (new record), United Kingdom (Graham 1963) (Fig. 517).

Type material. Lectotype male of Entedon phruron, type no. 5.3386 in BMNH; Holotype female of Omphale teresis, type no. 5.4614 in BMNH. Additional material. 100♀ 154♂: Denmark 1♂ (LUZM), France 2♀ 3♂ (RMNH), Germany 5♀ 7♂ (RMNH), Hungary 6♀ 9♂ (BMNH, CH), Ireland 3♀ 1♂ (BMNH), Netherlands 2♀ 1♂ (RMNH), Russia 1♀ (BMNH), Sweden 35♀ 74♂ (BMNH, CH, LUZM), United Kingdom 46♀ 58♂ (BMNH).

A small species (0.9–1.4 mm) with dark brown scape, coxae and femora (Fig. 228), female gaster elongate (1.6× as long as length of mesosoma) with apex distinctly pointed, mesoscutum and scutellum usually bicoloured in golden purple or purple metallic (occasionally golden red) and golden green or green metallic (Figs 229, 230); female flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with one set of setae attached subbasaly and reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to (Fig. 236), male flagellomeres 1–4 with a basal whorl of setae and with setae reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to (Fig. 240), some specimens with a few setae apical to whorl. Male genitalia: phallobase (Fig. 490) with digitus triangular and 0.6× as long as wide, volsellar setae on long extensions and with apex of setae 1.4× the length of setae from apex of phallobase; aedeagus short and stout (Fig. 490), with penis valves 1.5× as long as wide.

Female. Length of body 1.1–1.4 mm. Antenna dark brown; pedicel + flagellum 1.8× as long as distance between eyes; first flagellomere 1.0× as long and 1.3× as wide as second flagellomere (Fig. 236); flagellomeres 2–4 ventrally with one set of setae attached subbasally and reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to; clava 2-segmented. Face dark brown with golden green and purple metallic tinges (Fig. 231), with weak striae (Fig. 237); clypeus golden green, golden red, or purple metallic, smooth, semicircular, 1.8× as wide as high; gena purple metallic; lower frons golden with green metallic tinges, with weak reticulation; antennal scrobes join on frontal suture; frontal suture V-shaped; upper frons golden purple, with very weak reticulation; vertex golden purple, inside ocellar triangle with engraved weak reticulation outside triangle smooth or with very weak reticulation, to completely with engraved weak reticulation (Fig. 238). Occipital margin rounded (Fig. 238).

Mesoscutum golden with posterior ¼ green metallic, to completely golden purple (Fig. 229), with engraved reticulation (Fig. 235), midlobe with one pair of setae (posterior pair); notauli as indistinct impressions in posterior ½. Scutellum with anterior ⅔ golden purple, posterior ⅓ green metallic (Fig. 229), to completely golden purple or purple metallic, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 235); 1.1× as long as wide, with anteromedian margin smoothly curved forwards. Axillae golden purple (Fig. 229). Dorsellum golden green (Fig. 229), slightly concave and smooth (Fig. 235), 0.3× as long as wide, and 0.5× as long as length of median propodeum. Lateral pronotum golden (Fig. 228); prepectus, mesepisternum and mespeimeron dark brown metallic; trans-epimeral sulcus curved forwards. Propodeum golden green with median part purplish (Fig. 229), smooth (Fig. 235); propodeal callus with two setae. Legs with coxae and femora dark brown metallic (Fig. 228); tibiae pale brown to dark brown; tarsi yellowish brown to pale brown; midleg with first tarsomere 0.3× as long as length of tarsus. Forewing transparent, veins yellowish brown, setae dark brown (Fig. 228); speculum closed; admarginal setae 6–7 (lectotype male with 7), arising from marginal vein; radial cell bare; postmarginal vein 1.0× as long as stigmal vein, stigmal vein slightly enlarged to slender. Hind wing transparent, apex pointed (Fig. 233). Forewing WIP (Fig. 234) with apical ½ blue and magenta, basal ½ with wide bands in yellow, magenta and blue.

Petiole dark brown. Gaster dark brown with golden green tinges, elongate and 1.5–1.6× as long as length of mesosoma and with apex distinctly pointed; 7^th tergite 0.1× as long as length of gaster.

Male. Length of body 0.9–1.3 mm. Features as in female except as follows. Antenna dark brown metallic; pedicel + flagellum 2.5× as long as distance between eyes; flagellomeres 1–4 with verticillate setae and with setae reaching beyond apex of flagellomere attached to (Fig. 240), some specimens with a few setae apical to whorl; clava 1-segmented. Face golden red with green metallic tinges, to golden green, strigose; clypeus golden red with green metallic tinges, to golden green, smooth (Fig. 241), trapezoid to semicircular, 1.6× as wide as high; gena golden purple; lower frons golden red, golden green, or bluish green metallic (Fig. 232), with weak reticulation; antennal scrobes join frontal suture separately; upper frons golden red, golden purple, or bluish green metallic, with weak reticulation; vertex dark brown with purple metallic tinges.

Mesoscutum golden red or golden purple with green metallic tinges (Fig. 230). Scutellum with anterior ⅔ golden purple posterior ⅓ green metallic (Fig. 230), to completely golden purple or purple metallic, with engraved reticulation (Fig. 239); 1.3× as long as wide. Some Swedish specimens with mesoscutum and scutellum greenish blue metallic. Dorsellum golden to golden green (Fig. 230), 0.4× as long as wide (Fig. 239).

Petiole dark brown. Gaster with first tergite golden green, remaining tergites dark brown with golden tinges, 1.5–1.6× as long as length of mesosoma. Phallobase and aedeagus as in Fig. 490.

Dasineura pyri (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (Gijswijt 1976). The record for Geocrypta galii in Gijswijt (1976) concerns Omphale incognita. Material for Dasineura pyri not seen.

Denmark (new record), France (Gijswijt 1976), Germany (Gijswijt 1976), Hungary (new record), Ireland (new record), Netherlands (Gijswijt 1976), Russia (new record), Sweden (Hansson 1991), United Kingdom (Walker 1839) (Fig. 518).

Askew (2003) described Omphale teresis from four female specimens and compared it to Omphale phruron, which Askew considered the most similar species. According to Askew Omphale teresis differed from Omphale phruron in having fewer admarginal setae on the forewing, a greener and shinier thoracic dorsum that lacked sculpture on posterior part of both meso-scutum and scutellum, and in having a narrower mesosoma. The female holotype of Omphale teresis has 7 admarginal setae (i.e. same as lectotype male of Omphale phruron), the holotype of Omphale teresis has entire mesoscutum and scutellum reticulate and there are no smooth parts, and the scutellum is bi-coloured with anterior ⅔ golden-purple and posterior ⅓ green metallic, the mesosoma is 1.3× as long as wide (not “at least 1.5×” as stated by Askew). These data contradict the characters given by Askew and the holotype of Omphale teresis fits well into the concept of Omphale phruron, and Omphale teresis is therefore synonymized with Omphale phruron.