Anterastes tolunayi has been recorded from Aydın and İzmir provinces of Turkey (Figure 2a) (Karabağ 1951, 1958, Çıplak 2004).

Males collected from İzmir, Bozdağ, Günalan yaylası-millik mevkii, 38°21.110'N, 28°06.245'E, 1545 m, 15.VI.2010 (by D. Şirin) and calling song recorded from two males at 26 °C in laboratory (by D. Şirin).

Eight records from two males were analyzed. The calling song consists of sequences of polysyllabic phrases of different duration (Figure 2b, 2c), each of the phrases repeated regularly and lasting 94–150 ms (124 ± 0.03). Amplitudes of syllables getting louder from the first syllable to last one (Figure 2d). Therefore general song type of the phrase is typical crescendo. The number of syllables within 100 ms is 29–40 (34.62 ± 2.21) (Figure 2d). Syllable duration varies between 2 and 5 ms (3.67 ± 0.34) with an interval of 0–1 ms (0.56 ± 0.06).

Turkey and Iraq (Figure 3a) (Karabağ 1958, Sevgili and Çıplak 2000, Ünal 2006).

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Erzincan, Kemaliye, Ocak köyü, 39°08.732'N, 38°35'.296'E, 1485 m, 3.VII.2012 (by D. Şirin & A. Mol) and calling song recorded from one male at 32 °C in laboratory (by D. Şirin).

Eight records from one male were evaluated. The calling song consists of a series of regular phrases (Figure 3b) each of which lasting 138–168 ms (152 ± 0.01) and consisting of 3–5 (4.01 ± 0.37) syllables. Syllables generally consist two uneven parts (Figure 3c, 3d). The number of syllables in 100 ms is 2.5–3 (2.62 ± 0.02). The first syllable at the beginning of the phrase is quieter (lower amplitude) than other syllables (Figure 3c, 3d). Syllable duration varies between 17 and 36 ms (29.25 ± 4.15) with an interval of 0–13 ms (5.22 ± 1.78).

Endemic for Turkey – Western Anatolia (Figure 4a) (Karabağ 1958, Karabağ et al. 1971).

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Antalya, Elmalı, Bozöyük köyü-Uzunkarış Tepe arası, 36°43.509'N, 30°09.298'E, 1768 m, 9.VII.2008 (by D. Şirin & U. Şirin) and calling song recorded from two males at 33 °C in the field (by D. Şirin).

Total of the six records from two males was analyzed. The calling song consists of several phrases in different duration (Figure 4b). The phrases begin with thick pulse and continue with low intensity in the first part of the phrase. The following part of phrases consists of song elements with higher intensity (Figure 4c). Phrases duration varies between 3.53–25.95 s (11.32 ± 5.53). Syllable duration varies between 33 and 40 ms (36.72 ± 1.28) with an interval of 0–3 ms (1.52 ± 0.09). Oscillographic analyses showed that each syllable contains different number of parts which are divided by the very short interval (lower than 2 ms). First and last part of a syllable generally consist of 2–4 shorter elements (each of 1 ms), while middle part consists of two longer elements (each of 6–8 ms).

Endemic for Turkey, Bolkar Mountains (Figure 5a) (Çıplak 2000).

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Niğde, Ulukışla, Karagöl Yolu, Bolkar Dağları, 2285 m (type locality), 12.VIII.2011 (by M. S. Taylan, A. Aydın) and calling song recorded from two males at 25 °C in the field (by M. S. Taylan).

Total of the six records from two males was examined. The calling song consists of a series of regular phrases (Figure 5b) with an interval of 509–1259 ms (0.76 ± 0.10). Phrase durations vary between 219–346 ms (294 ± 0.04) and phrases consist of 4–6 (5.21 ± 0.54) syllables. The first and second syllables at the beginning of the phrase are quieter and shorter (having low amplitudes) than the following ones (Figure 5c). Syllable duration varies between 17 and 41 ms (30.74 ± 4.08) with an interval of 21–47 ms (28.52 ± 3.13). Oscillographic analyses showed that each syllable contains two parts. First part of syllables relatively short and consist of comprised song elements (Figure 5d). First parts generally last 8–13 ms (11.71 ± 1.16) and are followed by second part after an interval of 0–5 ms (1.22 ± 0.48). The second syllable part includes several high amplitudes elements (Figure 5d). These elements number is always 3–4 in first syllable and following respectively 9–10, 12–13, 13–15, 16–18 and 16–18 in last syllable. The second syllable part is much louder (except of the first syllable) and longer than the first part and duration varies between 9 and 27 ms (16.71 ± 3.76).

Endemic for Turkey, Binboğa-Mountains (Figure 6a) (Karabağ 1961, Çıplak 2000).

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Adana, Saimbeyli, Obruk Saksağan boğazı, 1410 m, 03.VII.2010 (by D. Şirin) and calling song recorded from five males at 28 °C in the field (by D. Şirin).

Ten records from five males were examined. The calling song consists of a series of regular phrases (Figure 6b) with an interval of 681–895 ms (810 ± 0.07). Phrase durations vary between 239–254 ms (246 ± 0.05) and phrases consist of 6–7 (6.12 ± 0.35) syllables. Syllables consisting of denser and hardly distinguishable impulses (Figure 6d). The first and second syllables at the beginning of the phrase are quieter and shorter (having low amplitudes) than the following syllables (Figure 6c, d). Syllable duration varies between 29 and 60 ms (38.59 ± 5.78) without any silent interval [except between the first and second syllables (6–12 ms)].

Endemic for Central Anatolia and the Black Sea area of Turkey (Figure 7a) (Çıplak 2000, Ünal 2006).

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Tokat, Çamlıbel Geçidi, 1960 m., 02.VIII.2011 (by M.S. Taylan) and calling song recorded from three males at 30 °C in the field which is type locality of species (by M.S. Taylan).

Six records from three males were examined. The calling song consists of a series of regular phrases (Figure 7b) with an interval of 522–845 ms (612 ± 0.09). Phrase durations vary between 220–304 ms (265 ± 0.02) and phrases consist of 5–8 (6.35 ± 0.63) syllables. Syllables consist of several high amplitudes elements (Figure 5d). These elements number is always uncountable in first syllable, 9–13 in second syllable and 17–24 (generally 20–22) in following syllables. The phrase begins with 2–3 low amplitude syllables and the maximum intensity is usually reached between 3/8–3/5 of the phrase (Figure 7c, 7d). Syllable duration varies between 23 and 43 ms (35.01 ± 5.78) with an interval of 0–3 ms (2.21 ± 0.17).

Endemic for Turkey – East Anatolia (Figure 8a) (Karabağ 1961, Sevgili et al. 2012b).

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Elazığ, Keban çıkışı 15 km, 38°42.790'N, 38°57.428'E, 1376 m, 03.VII.2012 (by D. Şirin & A. Mol), and calling song recorded from two males at 32 °C in laboratory (by D. Şirin).

Five records from two males were evaluated. The calling song consists of a series of irregular number of phrases (Figure 8b) with an interval of 297–615 ms (376 ± 0.09). Phrases are consisting of 9–11 (9.84 ± 0.99) syllables. The phrase begins with a quiet syllable (Figure 8c). Oscillographic analyses showed that each phrase involves two syllable couples (Figure 8d). Syllable couple duration varies between 53–67 ms (54.10 ± 1.97) with an interval of 5–19 ms (8.37 ± 2.17). First syllable in these couples lasts 19–25 ms (22.33 ± 1.67) and contains a louder beginning part [17–23 ms (21.12 ± 2.27)] and a quieter part [1–4 ms (1.97 ±0.78)]. First syllable in these couples is followed by a second syllable (except the first syllable in a phrase) after an interval of 6–12 ms (8.22 ± 1.63). Duration of the second syllable in these couples varies between 26–34 ms (28.57 ± 2.15).

Endemic for Turkey – East Anatolia (Figure 9a) (Karabağ 1961, Sevgili et al. 2012b).

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Malatya, Yeşilyurt, Gündüzbey–Adıyaman yolu, Bürücek Yaylası, 38°11.425'N, 38°19.102'E, 1862 m, 02.VI.2010 (by D. Şirin), Doğanşehir, Çığlık, Gürobası köyü üstleri, 38°05.138'N, 37°58.576'E, 1791 m, 04.VII.2012 (by D. Şirin & A. Mol) and calling song recorded from three males at 32 °C in laboratory (by D. Şirin).

Eight records from three males were evaluated. The calling song consists of a series of phrases (Figure 9b) with an interval 256–693 ms (392 ± 0.13). Phrases are consisting of 9–13 (10.40 ± 0.98) syllables. The phrase begins with a quiet syllable (Figure 9c). Oscillographic analyses showed that each phrase involves a few couples of syllables (Figure 9d). Syllable couple duration varies between 50–72 ms (61.61 ± 4.79) with an interval of 2–5 ms (3.24 ± 0.97). First syllable in these couples lasts 23–33 ms (28.23 ± 1.93) and contains a quieter beginning part (6–8 ms (7.17 ± 0.77)) and a louder part (17–22 ms (21.52 ± 2.33)). First syllable in these couples is followed by a second syllable (except first syllable). Duration of the second syllable varies between 32–42 ms (34.85 ± 2.33).

Endemic for Turkey – East Anatolia (Figure 10a) (Karabağ 1961).

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Malatya, Doğanşehir, Çığlık, 1791 m, 4.VII.2012 (by D. Şirin & A. Mol), and calling song recorded from one male at 30 °C in the field (by A. Mol).

A total ofsix records from one male were examined. The calling song consists of a series of regular phrases (Figure 10b) with an interval of 262–604 ms (332 ± 0.11). Phrases are consisting of 11–15 (12.84 ± 0.83) syllables and the number of syllables in 100 ms is approximately two. The phrases begin with a quiet (low amplitude) syllable (Figure 10c). Oscillographic analyses showed that each phrase involves a few couples of syllables (Figure 10d). Syllable couple duration varies between 46–54 ms (50.85 ± 4.79) with an interval of 3–5 ms (4.74 ± 0.77). First syllable in these couples lasts 17–23 ms (21.23 ± 1.88) and contains a louder beginning part (15–18 ms (16.73 ± 1.03)) and a quieter part [3–6 ms (5.02 ± 0.97)]. First syllable in these couples is followed by a second syllable (except first syllable) after an interval of 1–3 ms (1.42 ± 0.11). Duration of the second syllable varies between 28–33 ms (30.15 ± 2.13).

Endemic for Turkey – East Anatolia (Figure 11a) (Karabağ 1961).

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Elazığ, Sivrice, Hazarbaba Kayak Merkezi civarı, 38°25.029'N, 39°18.766'E, 1790 m, 3.VII.2012 (by D. Şirin & A. Mol), and calling song recorded from two males at 30 °C in the field which is type locality of species (by D. Şirin).

Totally five records from two males were examined. The calling song consists of a series of regular phrases (Figure 11b) with an interval 355–903 ms (567 ± 0.20). Phrases are consisting of 7–9 (7.23 ± 0.63) syllables. The phrases begin with a quiet (low amplitude) syllable (Figure 11c). Oscillographic analyses showed that each phrase involves a few couples of syllables (Figure 11d). Syllable couple duration varies between 54–65 ms (59.85 ± 2.72) with an interval of 3–6 ms (4.97 ± 0.73). First syllable in these couples last 22–27 ms (24.73 ± 1.58) and contain a louder beginning part [15–18 ms (16.67 ± 1.12)] and a quieter part [4–8 ms (6.62 ± 1.07)]. First syllable in these couples is followed by a second syllable (except first syllable) after an interval of 1–3 ms (1.22 ± 0.09). Duration of the second syllable varies between 31 and 37 ms (33.95 ± 2.17) and includes a louder part [19–23 ms (21.95 ± 1.36)] and a pulse like quieter part (except last syllable) with duration of 8–12 ms (10.72 ± 1.43).

Endemic for Turkey – North East Anatolia (Figure 12a) (Karabağ 1956, Karabağ 1958)

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Rize, Ovit Dağı, 1600 m, 20.X.2005, 40°38.626'N, 40°44.234'E, (by A. Mol) and calling song recorded from two males at 24 °C in the field (by A. Mol).

Totally six records from two males were examined. The calling song includes rarely one usually several isolated syllables (Figure 12b) with an interval 387–632 ms (526 ± 0.07). Syllable duration varies between 101–117 ms (110 ± 4.21). Oscillographic analyses showed that each syllable follows generally two cycles (Figure 12c, 12d). First cycle lasts 65–71 ms (68.71 ± 2.42) and contains two similar quieter parts (each of 15–20 ms) and a louder part [20–28 ms (24.28 ± 2.57)]. Second cycle of syllables varies between 31–40 ms (36.72 ± 2.23) and includes a pulse like quieter part [8–14 (11.45 ± 2.89)] and a louder part which lasts 16 to 24 ms (18.72 ± 3.12).

Endemic for Turkey – Southwest Anatolia (Figure 13a) (Karabağ 1952, Karabağ 1958).

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Antalya, Saklıkent, Bakırlıdağ-Pozan arası (It is type locality of species.), 36°49.615'N, 30°17.215'E, 1765 m, 30.VII.2010 (by A. Mol) and calling song recorded from two males at 31 °C in laboratory (D. Şirin).

Totally five records from two males were examined. The calling song includes isolated syllables (Figure 13b, c) with an interval 1.76–2.52 s (2.18 ± 0.15). Syllable duration varies between 73–88 ms (80.41 ± 4.96). Oscillographic analyses showed that each syllable includes three elements (quieter-louder-quieter) (Figure 13d). First element of a syllable (rarely absent) is a quieter part and its duration varies between 3–6 ms (3.67 ± 0.29). The first element of syllable is followed by a louder part after an interval of 4–7 ms (5.57 ± 0.81). The louder part (middle element) of syllable consists of 12–18 (15.33 ± 1.96) pulses and its duration varies from 33 to 38 ms (35.26 ± 1.88). The louder part is followed by another quieter part (last element) after an interval of 25–32 ms (27.83 ± 2.40) and its duration varies between 2 and 4 ms (3.10 ± 0.60).

Endemic for Turkey – North East Anatolia, East Anatolia (Figure 14a) (Karabağ 1952, 1958, Ünal 2006).

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Erzincan, Kelkit-Pöske yolu, Ahmetli çıkışı, 2016 m, 30.VI.2013, 39°53.392'N, 39°21.588'E, (by D. Şirin, A. Mol & M.S. Taylan) and calling song recorded from two males at 28 °C in the field (by D. Şirin).

Totally six records from two males were examined. The calling song includes isolated syllables (Figure 14b, c) separated by intervals of 456–1915 ms (833 ± 0.25). Syllable duration varies between 62 and 90 ms (78.83 ± 4.68). Oscillographic analyses showed that each syllable includes generally two elements (quieter and louder) (Figure 14d). First element of a syllable (rarely absent) is a quieter part and its duration varies between 5 and 6 ms (5.77 ± 0.19). The first element of syllable is followed by a louder part with an interval of 4–6 ms (5.27 ± 0.62). The louder part (second element) of syllable consists of 24–32 (27.63 ± 3.13) pulses and its duration lasts from 48 to 56 ms (51.21 ± 2.14). Sometimes the louder part is followed by another quieter part with an interval of 13–19 ms (16.03 ± 2.24) and duration of 4–8 ms (5.20 ± 0.72) (Figure 14c).

Endemic for Turkey, widespread in central Anatolia (Figure 15a) (Ünal 2011).

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Tokat, Çamlıbel, Artova yol ayrımı, 40°09.680'N, 35°54.309'E, 1280 m, 17. VII. 2004, (by A. Mol) and calling song recorded from two males at 32.8 °C in the field (by A. Mol).

Total of five records from two males was examined. The calling song consists of polysyllabic sequences of variable duration (Figure 15b) with an interval of 5.80–8.02 s (mean 6.82). Sequences are consisting of 215–350 (262 ± 38.76) syllables. Nearly all syllables are in same amplitude (Figure 15c); rarely syllables in begin or end point of sequences are in low amplitude. General syllables shape is a kind of crescendo (Figure 15d). Syllable period durations vary between 21 and 28 ms (25.68 ± 1.89). The number of syllables in 100 ms is approximately four (Figure 15d). Each syllable includes 14–23 impulses (16 ± 2.14).

Endemic for Turkey – central Anatolia (Figure 16a) (Kaltenbach 1967, 1970).

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Ankara, Çubuk-Şabanözü yolu 6 km, Mutlu köyü yolu, 40°14.760'N, 33°05.199'E, 1090 m, 10.VII.2011 (by D. Şirin) and calling song recorded from 3 males at 24 °C in the field (by D. Şirin).

Total of six records from three males was examined. Oscillographic analyses showed that two possibilities (i) each syllable contains three similar elements (usually crescendo) and phrase consists of a great number of them or (ii) there are micro-phrases of three syllables in a crescending sequence and phrase consists of a great number of this micro-phrases (Figure 16c). So, repetitive unit term was used for this situation to describe the song. The calling song consists of repetitive unit sequences of variable duration (Figure 16b). The phrase begins with 1–2 repetitive units that are quieter than the following ones. Phrase duration varies between 1.02 and 8.12 s (4.15 ± 1.29). The number of repetitive unit in 100 ms is approximately 2.5 and repetitive unit duration varies between 36 and 42 ms (39.11 ± 1.90) with an interval of 6–9 ms (6.72 ± 0.19). Each element includes 4–8 impulses and the duration of each element (Figure 16d) varies between 5 and 9 ms (7.16 ± 0.79).

Anatolia and Rhodos (Figure 17a) (Kaltenbach 1967, 1970).

Male specimens collected from Turkey, Antalya, Kemer, Tahtalı Dağları, Gürleyik mevkii, 36°33.067'N, 30°25.001'E, 1479 m, 2.VIII.2010 (by D. Şirin & U. Şirin) and calling song recorded from two males at 31 °C in the field (by D. Şirin).

Total of five records from two males was examined. The calling song consists of regular phrases (Figure 17b) with an interval of 3.25–4.50 s. The phrase begins with characteristic high amplitude syllable in the all phrases. After this syllable phrases continue with a quiet beginning and maximum intensity is usually reached between 1/4 and 1/3 of the phrase, however, in some of the phrases there is often a more gradual crescendo roughly up to half of the phrase (Figure 17c). Phrases contain 86–103 syllables (94.2 ± 7.02) and duration varies between 2.27 and 2.77 s (2.55 ± 2.54). Amplitude of the impulses of each syllable from beginning to end of it is getting louder (Figure 17d). Therefore general song shape shows crescendo type (Figure 17c, 17d). The number of syllables in 100 ms is 4–5 (4.18 ± 0.19). Syllable duration varies between 14 and 28 ms (20.92 ± 1.79) with an interval of 3–7 ms (5.62 ± 0.11). Oscillographic analyses showed that each syllable consists of a single element and includes easily countable impulses 16–22 (19.72 ± 1.87) in a crescending structure (Figure 17d).