Research Article |
Corresponding author: Jong-Wook Lee ( jwlee1@ynu.ac.kr ) Academic editor: Bernardo Santos
© 2019 Gyu-Won Kang, Janko Kolarov, Jong-Wook Lee.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Kang G-W, Kolarov J, Lee J-W (2019) Cryptopimpla (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Banchinae) of South Korea, with description of two new species. ZooKeys 830: 99-109. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.830.31974
|
The genus Cryptopimpla Taschenberg is recorded for the first time in South Korea. Four species are recognized; among these, two species, C. aspeculosus Kang & Lee, sp. n. and C. pentagonalis Kang & Lee, sp. n., are described as new to science. For the other two species, C. brevigena Kuslitzkii and C. carinifacialis Sheng, the males were hitherto unknown and are described here. An illustrated identification key is provided for the species of Cryptopimpla known from South Korea.
Atrophini, Eastern Palearctic, ichneumon wasp, species description, new records, taxonomy
Cryptopimpla Taschenberg is a moderately large genus with a worldwide distribution, containing 57 species (
Specimens were collected by sweeping and Malaise traps, and are deposited in the animal systematic laboratory of Yeungnam University (Gyeongsan, South Korea). Morphological terminology follows that of the American Entomological Institute website (http://www.amentinst.org/GIN/morphology.php), wing vein nomenclature is based on
Abbreviations used in this paper are as follows: CN, Chungcheongnam-do; GB, Gyeongsangbuk-do; GG, Gyeonggi-do; GW, Gangwon-do; JB, Jeollabuk-do; JN, Jeollanam-do; TL, Type Locality and TD, Type depository. Abbreviations for collections are as follows: MF, Ministry of Forestry, General Station of Forestry Pest and Management, Shenyang, Lioning, China;
Cryptopimpla Taschenberg, 1863: 292. Type species: Phytodietus blandus Gravenhorst, 1829
Aphanodon Förster, 1869: 166. Type species: Phytodietus errabundus Gravenhorst, 1829
Xenacis Förster, 1869: 167. Type species: Lissonota caligata Gravenhorst, 1829
Xenocornia Schmiedeknecht, 1900: 334. Type species: Xenocornia solitaria Schmiedeknech, 1900
Harrimaniella Ashmead, 1900: 52. Type species: Harrimaniella yukakensis Ashmead, 1900
1 | Malar space shorter than 0.3 times basal width of mandible. Tarsal claws simple. Propodeum without pleural and posterior transverse carina (Fig. |
C. brevigena |
– | Malar space longer than 0.3 times basal width of mandible. Tarsal claws simple or pectinate. Propodeum with pleural and posterior transverse carina (Fig. |
2 |
2 | 3rs-m vein present only basal, vestigial (Fig. |
C. aspeculosus sp. n. |
– | 3rs-m vein complete (Fig. |
3 |
3 | Areolet narrowly petiolate (Fig. |
C. carinifacialis |
– | Areolet pentagonal (Fig. |
C. pentagonalis sp. n. |
Forewing 7.6 mm (7.6–7.7 mm, n = 2), body 10.3 mm (10.3–10.5 mm, n = 2) long (Fig.
In dorsal view, 2.3 times as wide as long, and distinctly narrowed behind, densely and coarsely punctate with coriaceous between punctures. Diameter of median ocellus 0.6 times as long as distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye. Flagellum with 38 elongated flagellomeres; 1st flagellomere 3.5 times as long as wide. Occipital carina narrowly curved from above, reaching hypostomal carina above the base of mandible. Face weakly convex medially, 1.7 times as wide as long, densely and rather coarsely punctate, without carina between antennal sockets (Fig.
Coarsely and densely punctate on the coriaceous surface; 1.6 times as long as high. Notaulus long and shallow. Epicnemial carina reaches near the ventral hind margin of pronotum, but does not join it. Propodeum slightly straight in lateral view, with posterior transverse, pleural carinae and weak median longitudinal carina; propodeal spiracle moderately large, oval (Fig.
1st tergite 1.7 times as long as wide, with prominent spiracle at basal 0.45 (Fig.
Body black; basal half of clypeus and mandible, palpi, collar, hind ventral and dorsal angle of pronotum, wide lateral stripe on mesonotum from tegula to mid lobe, tegula, subtegular ridge, fore and mid coxa, fore trochanter from below and hind tarsus, except basal 3/4 of basitarsus and apical half of last tarsal segment yellow; fore and mid femora, tibiae and tarsi reddish, hind tibia and hind basitarsus (except apical 1/4) red; apical half of last tarsal segment of hind leg dark brown.
Unknown.
male, South Korea, Icheon, Mt. Seolbongsan, 1 April 1984, Y.S. Kim (YNU);
1 male, South Korea, GG, Namyangju-si, Bogwangsa, 13 April 1984, J.W. Lee (YNU).
South Korea (new record).
The name comes from Latin “speculo”, aspeculosus meaning “without areolet”.
The species is similar to C. brevigena, from which it differs by the presence of pleural and posterior transverse carinae and the entirely black face. Furthermore, the malar space in C. brevigena is 0.3 times as long as the basal width of the mandible while in C. aspeculosus it is 0.7 times. Additionally, this species is easily separated from other two species (C. carinifacialis and C. pentagonalis) as follows: the 3rs-m vein in C. aspeculosus is only present in the basal part, while in the other two species have a complete 3rs-m vein.
Cryptopimpla brevigena Kuslitzkii, 2007: 453. Type: ♀, TL: Russia – Primorsky Kray; TD: ZI.
Forewing 7.7 mm (7.4–8.0 mm, n = 42), body 9.5 mm (9.3–9.7 mm, n = 42) long (Fig.
In dorsal view, 2.0 times as wide as long, narrowed behind, round, densely punctate with coriaceous between punctures. Diameter of median ocellus 0.64 times as long as distance between compound eye and lateral ocellus. Flagellum with 46 (43–48, n = 40) elongated flagellomeres; 1st flagellomere 3.8 times as long as wide. Occipital carina evenly curved from above, meeting hypostomal carina near base of mandible. Face convex medially, 1.7 times as wide as long, densely and coarsely punctate (Fig.
Moderately coarsely and densely punctate, 1.5 times as long as high. Notaulus short and very shallow. Epicnemial carina ends near middle of epicnemium and does not reach frontal ridge of mesopleuron. Propodeum convex in lateral view, without posterior transverse and pleural carinae (Fig.
1st tergite 2.2 times as long as wide, with spiracles before its middle (Fig.
Body black. Scape and pedicel from below, a large triangular spot on face centrum, clypeus entirely, mandible except teeth, palpi, hind dorsal corner of pronotum, tegula, subtegular ridge, fore and mid coxa and trochanters, and hind trochanters from below yellow. Fore and mid legs orange yellow, basal hind tibia faint whitish.
Flagellum with 40–44 segments (n=17). Hindwing with 7 distal hamuli.
South Korea: 1 male, CN, Seosan-si, Haemi-myeon, Daegok-ri, Hanseo Univ., 30 April–9 May 2006; 1 male, CN, Taean-gun, Geunheung-myeon, 18 July 1994, M.J. Shin; 1 female, GB, Uiseong-gun, Danchon-myeon, Sanghwa-ri, 7 May 2016, J.W. Lee; 1 male, GB, Ulleung-gun, Buk-myeon, Naribunji, 27 May 2016, G.H. Ko; 1 male, GB, Yeongju-si, Punggi-eup, Jungnyeong, 12–22 June 2009; 1 female, ditto, 22 June–3 July 2009, C.J. Kim; 1 female, GG, Geumgok, 11 June 1983, H.I. J.; 1 male, GG, Namyangju-si, Choan-myeon, Songchon-ri, Mt. Ungilsan, 27 May–10 June 2009, J.O. Lim; 1 female, GG, Namyangju-si, Sudong-myeon, Mt. Chungnyeongsan, 12 July 1980, J.I. Kim; 1 female, GG, Namyangju-si, Mt. Cheonmasan, 18 June 1983, J.W. Lee; 1 female, GW, Goheung-gun, Yeongam-myeon, Paryeong-ro, Geumsa-ri, Mt. Paryeongsan Forest Resort, 13 April 2012; 3 females, GW, Pyeongchang-gun, Yongpyeong-myeon, Mt. Gyebangsan, 28 June–12 August 2012, J.Y. Park; 1 female, GW, Wonju-si Maeji-ri Yonsei Univ. Campus, 1 August 1999, S.W. Kim, D.W. Kim, and D.Y. Kim; 3 females and 31 males, GW, Wonju-si, Panbu-myeon, Mt. Baegunsan, 25 May–26 July 2012, H.Y. Han; 1 female, JB, Jangsu-gun, Jangsu-eup, Daeseong-ri, San 258-1, Mt. Palgongsan, 17 June–2 July 2015, J.W. Lee; 4 males, JB, Namwon-si, Sanneae-myeon, Dalgung valley (M.T.), 1–9 July 2001, J.W. Lee; 1 female and 1 male, JN, Gwangyang-si, Daap-myeon, Hacheon-ri, San123, Mt. Baegunsan, 17 June–2 July 2015, J.W. Lee; 1 female, Seoul, Gwanak-gu, Mt. Gwanaksan, 19 June 1983, J.H. Han; 1 female, Seoul, Nowon-gu, Mt. Suraksan, 25 May 1997, H.C. Lim; 1 male, Seoul, Seocho-gu, Wonji-dong, Mt. Cheonggyesan, 4 June 1989, J.W. Lee; 1 female, ditto, 17 June 1998, Y.G. Park.
South Korea (new record), Russia (Primorsky Kray, Sakhalin Oblast)
This species is recorded for the first time from South Korea. It is easily distinguished from other South Korean species by having simple tarsal claws and the absence of posterior transverse and pleural carinae. The male is newly described from South Korea in this study.
Cryptopimpla carinifacialis Sheng, 2011: 32. Type: ♀, TL: China-Jiangxi; TD: MF.
Forewing 7.8 mm, body 9.3 mm long (Fig.
In dorsal view, 2.0 times as wide as long, narrowed behind roundly, densely and finely punctate, coriaceous between punctures. Diameter of median ocellus 0.9 times as long as distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye. Flagellum with 49 elongated segments; 1st flagellomere 4.0 times as long as wide. Occipital carina complete entirely, reaching hypostomal carina above base of mandible. Inner profile of basal half of flagellum without a strong longitudinal carina (present only in female). Face convex medially, 1.3 times as wide as long, coriaceous and densely punctate, with short, distinct median longitudinal carina just between and below antennal sockets (Fig.
Densely punctate on the coriaceous surface, 1.5 times as long as high. Notaulus short and very shallow. Epicnemial carina reaches near the ventral hind, not reaching frontal ridge of mesopleuron. Propodeum slightly straight in lateral view, posterior transverse carina weak, more evident in the middle (Fig.
1st tergite 2.0 times as long as wide, without median dorsal and lateral carinae; spiracle prominent laterally, situated well before mid tergite (Fig.
Body black, with numerous yellow marks; scape and pedicel from below, 11th to 18th flagellomeres, facial orbit, face, clypeus, mandible, malar space, ventral 2/3 of outer eye orbit, palpi, fore margin of pronotum widely and hind dorsal angle, two antero-lateral spots and two spots on mid mesonotum, scutellum except basally and apically, subtegular ridge, a spot on hind low ventral part of mesopleuron above mid coxa to near epicnemial carina, two spots on propodeum apically, fore and mid legs, all trochanters, hind coxa apically, basal half of hind tibia, hind tarsal segments except basal half of 1st one, all tergites apically yellow; hind femur darkened from above, red-yellow from below.
Flagellum with 46 segments. Hindwing with 9 distal hamuli. There is some variation in coloration from the original description: scape and pedicel entirely black; inner eye orbit and ventral half of outer orbit, apical half of clypeus, mandible except basally and teeth yellow; meso – and metapleuron entirely black, but propodeum with two yellow spots apically; apical part of hind basitarsus, and 2nd to 4th tarsal segments entirely yellow; 1st and 2nd tergites with two latero-apical yellow spots.
South Korea: 1 male, GG, Gapyeong-gun, Sangtan-ri, 14 June 1992, Y.H. Baek; 1 female, GW, Samcheok-si, Hajang-myeon, Mt. Jungbongsan, 19 October 2008, H.S. Lee.
South Korea (new record), China (Jiangxi).
Only the female of the species has been described to date (
Forewing 9.3 mm (8.8–9.3 mm, n = 7), body 9.8 mm (9.5–9.8 mm, n = 7), ovipositor sheath 2.6 mm (2.4–2.6 mm, n = 7) long (Fig.
In dorsal view, 3.4 times as wide as long, narrowed behind distinctly, densely punctate between punctures. Diameter of median ocellus 0.77 times as long as distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye. Flagellum with 42 (in paratypes 41–43, n = 6) elongated segments; 1st flagellomere 5.0 times as long as wide. Occipital carina weakly curved from above, reaching hypostomal carina at base of mandible. Face slightly convex medially, 1.4 times as wide as long, densely and rather coarsely punctate (Fig.
Densely and coarsely punctate on the coriaceous surface, 1.6 times as long as high. Notaulus short and very weak. Epicnemial carina reaching near ventral hind margin of pronotum. Propodeum convex in lateral view, with only posterior transverse and pleural carinae; spiracle moderately large, oval (Fig.
1st tergite 2.5 times as long as wide apically, without median and lateral carinae; spiracle situated before middle (Fig.
Black. Inner face of orbit, ventral part of frontal orbit, spot on top of eye orbit opposite to lateral ocellus, facial orbit, fore ridge of pronotum medially, thin lateral stripe on antero-lateral portion of mesonotum and 2nd to 4th tarsal segments of hind leg yellow. Apical half of clypeus, fore tibia, and tarsus reddish-brown.
Unknown.
South Korea: female, GW, Jeongseon-gun, Gohan-eup, Haiwongil, Mountain condo, 9 July 2010 (YNU).
2 females, GW, Jeongseon-gun, Gohan-eup, Haiwongil, Mountain condo, 9 July 2010 (YNU); 3 females, GW, Jeongseon-gun, Gohan-eup, Mt. Baegunsan, 9 July 2010 (YNU); 1 female, GW, Wonju-si, Panbu-myeon, Mt. Baegunsan, 25 May–26 July 2012, H.Y. Han (YNU).
South Korea (new record).
The name comes from Latin “Pentagonum”, pentagonalis means “pentagon areola”.
With the pentagonal areolet, black metasoma, hind coxa and femur, this species is similar to Cryptopimpla henanensis Sheng, but differs in the propodeum structure and body coloration; in C. pentagonalis the mesosoma is entirely black while in C. henanensis it has more yellow spots. The latter species also has more flagellomeres; in C. henanensis with 46 segments while in C. pentagonalis with an average of 42 segments.
We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for editing this manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR201801201).