Research Article |
Corresponding author: Zong-Qing Wang ( zqwang2006@126.com ) Academic editor: Eliana Cancello
© 2019 Jia-Jun He, Yu-Hong Zheng, Lu Qiu, Yan-Li Che, Zong-Qing Wang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
He J-J, Zheng Y-H, Qiu L, Che Y-L, Wang Z-Q (2019) Two new species and a new combination of Allacta (Blattodea, Ectobiidae, Pseudophyllodromiinae) from China, with notes on their behavior in nature. ZooKeys 836: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.836.31673
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Two new species, Allacta bruna sp. n. and Allacta alba sp. n., from China are described and illustrated. Allacta hainanensis (Liu et al., 2017), comb. n. is proposed and re-described; figures including genitalia are provided. A key is provided to all species from China based on males. Notes on the bionomics of this genus in China are provided.
Dictyoptera, Blattaria, Temnopteryx, cockroaches
The genus Allacta is widely distributed from southwestern China to northeastern Australia. It consists of 41 known species worldwide, five of which were known from China before this study.
Terminology used mainly follows
CuA cubitus anterior
CuP cubitus posterior
M media
R radius
RA radius anterior
RP radius posterior
ScP subcosta posterior
V vannal
Pcu postcubitus
Measurements are based on specimens examined. The genital segments of the examined specimens were soaked in 10% NaOH and rinsed with distilled water, then stored in glycerin for observation. Genitalia were observed in glycerin using a MOTIC K400 stereomicroscope and genital photographs were taken using an LAS V4.9. Specimen photographs were taken using a Canon 50D plus a Canon EF 100mm f/2.8L IS USM MACRO lens and photos were stacked using Helicon Focus software. All photos were modified in Adobe Photoshop CS6. The materials examined are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Southwest University, Chongqing (SWU) and the Shanghai Entomological Museum, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai (SHEM).
Allacta
Saussure & Zehntner, 1895: 45 (New name for Abrodiaeta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893). Type species: Abrodiaeta modesta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893, by selection;
Arublatta
Bruijning, 1947: 224. Type species: Blatta punctata Walker, 1869. Synonymized by
Pseudochorisoblatta
Bruijning, 1948: 90. Type species: Phyllodromia interrupta Hanitsch, 1925, by selection. Synonymized by
Euhanitschia
Princis, 1950: 178. Type species: Phyllodromia diagrammatica Hanitsch, 1923. Synonymized by
Compsosilpha
Princis, 1950: 180. Type species: Chorisoblatta karnyi Hanitsch, 1928. Synonymized by
Body pale brown to blackish brown, mostly yellowish brown. Clypeus normal, not thickened. Pronotum usually oval, wider than length. Tegmina and wings usually fully developed, a few slightly reduced (T. hainanensis). Tegmina with M, CuA oblique, hind wings with R straight, sometimes forked, M and CuA usually straight or nearly so, latter with 1–6 (usually 4 or 5) complete branches; apical triangle small, reduced or absent. Anteroventral margin of front femur Type B2 or B3; pulvilli present only on the fourth tarsomere of all legs, tarsal claws symmetrical and unspecialized, arolia present. Male abdominal terga unspecialized. Male genitalia usually have three principal phallomere sclerites, the hook-like phallomere on right side, the median, and the left; most species have an accessory median phallomere. Ootheca not rotated prior to deposition.
Allacta bimaculata Bey-Bienko, 1969: 858. China (Yunnan, Guangxi)
Allacta ornata Bey-Bienko, 1969: 859. China (Yunnan, Hainan)
Allacta robusta Bey-Bienko, 1969: 860. China (Yunnan)
Allacta transversa Bey-Bienko, 1969: 859. China (Hainan); Vietnam
Allacta xizangensis Wang et al., 2014: 449. China (Xizang)
Allacta alba sp. n. China (Zhejiang)
Allacta bruna sp. n. China (Hainan)
Allacta hainanensis (Liu et al., 2017), comb. n. China (Hainan)
1 | Tegmina and wings reduced, not reaching the end of the abdomen | A. hainanensis (Liu et al., 2017), comb. n. |
– | Tegmina and hind wings fully developed, both extending beyond end of abdomen | 2 |
2 | Pronotal disc with trapezoidal symmetrical white maculae | A. alba sp. n. |
– | Pronotal disc without white maculae | 3 |
3 | Interocular space with pale brown horizontal stripe | 4 |
– | Interocular space without pale brown horizontal stripe | 5 |
4 | Disc of pronotum totally blackish brown, subgenital plate asymmetrical | A. bimaculata |
– | Disc of pronotum with irregular maculae, subgenital plate symmetrical | A. transversa |
5 | Pronotum brown without maculae | A. bruna sp. n. |
– | Pronotum with maculae | 6 |
6 | Head with 2 dark brown longitudinal stripes reaching from the vertex to the frons between the antennal sockets, and subgenital plate with dissimilar styli | A. robusta |
– | Head with 1 dark brown longitudinal stripe reaching from the vertex to the clypeus or not, and subgenital plate with similar styli | 7 |
7 | Subgenital plate symmetrical, hind margin of subgenital plate nearly straight in the middle | A. ornata |
– | Subgenital plate asymmetrical, hind margin of subgenital plate concave in the middle | A. xizangensis |
Holotype : male, CHINA, Hainan Province, Jianfengling, Mingfenggu, 960 m, 26-V-2014, Shun-Hua Gui, Xin-Ran Li et Jian-Yue Qiu leg. Paratypes: CHINA, Hainan Province: 1 male, same data as holotype; 1 male, Limushan, 678–694 m, 17-IV-2015, Xin-Ran Li et Zhi-Wei Qiu leg.; 2 females, Jianfengling, Mingfenggu, 26-IV-2015, Lu Qiu et Qi-Kun Bai leg.; 1 female, Diaoluoshan, 17-IV-2015, Lu Qiu et Qi-Kun Bai leg. (all in SWU).
This species can be easily distinguished from its congeners by the brownish body that lacks any markings.
Male, pronotum: length × width 4.5 × 6.8, tegmina length: 15.5, overall length: 18.9–19.2; female, pronotum: length × width 4.7 × 6.7–6.8, tegmina length: 14.1–14.3, overall length: 18.1–18.3.
Male.
Body brown to dark brown (Figs
Allacta bruna sp. n., male. 1 paratype, dorsal view 2 paratype, ventral view 3 head, ventral view 4 pronotum, dorsal view 5 maxillary palpi segments 3–5, ventral view 6 front femur, ventral view 7 tegmen, dorsal view 8 hind wing, dorsal view 9–12 holotype 9 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, dorsal view 10 left phallomere, dorsal view 11 subgenital plate and median phallomere, dorsal view 12 hook-like phallomere, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 cm (1, 2), 0.5 mm (3–8), 1.0 mm (9–12).
Vertex with interocular space about half the distance between antennal sockets (Fig.
Female similar to the male. The coloration of living individuals dark brown, dried specimens much lighter, especially in the legs. Margins of pronotum and tegmina subtransparent in the specimens.
Male abdomen and genitalia.
Abdominal terga unspecialized. Supra-anal plate nearly triangular, and the hind margin obviously concave. Paraprocts simple (Fig.
It can be distinguished from the other species in the group by the tegmina that without any light-colored bar in the anal field.
From the Latin word brunus referring to the body color being brown without any special markings.
China (Hainan).
Holotype : male, CHINA, Zhejiang Province, Longtangshan, Qingliangfeng, 960 m, 6-VIII-2011, Jin-Jin Wang leg. Paratype: 1 male, same data as holotype (all in SWU).
This species resembles A. xizangensis by the brownish tegmina, which are without distinct strips and spots (Figs
Allacta alba sp. n., male. 13 paratype, dorsal view 14 paratype, ventral view 15 head, ventral view 16 pronotum, dorsal view 17 maxillary palpi segments 3–5, ventral view 18 front femur, ventral view 19 tegmen, dorsal view 20 hind wing, dorsal view 21–24 holotype 21 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, dorsal view 22 left phallomere, dorsal view 23 subgenital plate and median phallomere, dorsal view 24 hook-like phallomere, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 cm (13, 14), 0.5 mm (15–20), 1.0 mm (21–24).
Male, pronotum: length × width 3.5–4.5, tegmina length: 14.1–14.8, overall length: 15.5–16.1.
Male.
Body yellowish brown with reddish (Figs
The distance between compound eyes narrower than that of antennae, ocelli border not obvious (Fig.
Male abdomen and genitalia.
Abdominal terga unspecialized. Supra-anal plate nearly triangular, hind margin slightly curled up. Paraproct plates simple (Fig.
It can be distinguished from other species in this group by the light-colored pronotum.
The meaning of the Latin word alba is white, referring to the white maculae on the pronotum.
China (Zhejiang).
Temnopteryx hainanensis Liu et al., 2017: 179.
Holotype of Temnopteryx hainanensis, male (SHEM), CHINA, Hainan Province, Changjiang, Bawangling, 23–24-IX-2011, Xian-Wei Liu leg. Other material examined. CHINA, Hainan Province: 1 male and 2 females (SWU), Jianfengling, Mingfenggu, 23–28-IV-2015, Lu Qiu & Qi-Kun Bai leg. 1 male (SWU), Diaoluoshan, Lingshui, 1050m, 10-VIII-2010, Guo Zheng leg.
This species can be easily distinguished from all other congeners by the much reduced tegmina and wings, which only reaching the third tergum. The coloration pattern (body light yellowish brown, with large brown areas dorsally) is also unusual in this genus (see Figs
Allacta hainanensis (Liu et al., 2017), comb. n., male. 25 dorsal view 26 ventral view 27 head, ventral view 28 pronotum, dorsal view 29 front femur, ventral view 30 tegmen, dorsal view 31 hind wing, dorsal view 32 supra-anal plate and paraprocts, dorsal view 33 left phallomere, dorsal view 34 subgenital plate, dorsal view 35 median phallomere, dorsal view 36 hook-like phallomere, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 cm (25, 26), 0.5 mm (27–31), 1.0 mm (32–36).
Male, pronotum: length × width 4.3–4.6 × 6.9–7.4, tegmina length: 5.5–5.7, overall length: 17.0–17.2; female, pronotum: length × width 4.3–4.5 × 5.7–6.5, tegmina length: 4.6–4.9, overall length: 12.6–13.1.
Male.
Body dark brown with yellowish (Fig.
Vertex with interocular space obviously narrower than the distance between antennae sockets (Fig.
Female similar to the male.
Male abdomen and genitalia.
Abdominal terga unspecialized. Supra-anal plate nearly triangular, symmetrical, the middle of hind margin with incisions. Paraproct plates simple, similar, sheet-like, apex with scattered bristles (Fig.
Through field efforts, we obtained several specimens with reduced tegmina and wings from Hainan Island. After comparing them with the type specimen (deposited in SHEM), we confirmed that our specimens are Temnopteryx hainanensis Liu et al., 2017. After dissecting the male genitalia, we found the hook-shaped phallomere of Temnopteryx hainanensis is on the right, and the pulvilli is present only on the fourth tarsomere, thus, Temnopteryx hainanensis should be placed in the pseudophyllodromiine genus Allacta as Allacta hainanensis (Liu et al., 2017) comb. n.
This species is placed in the hamifera species group by having two lobes which forming a keel-like ridge, and in having the dark portion of the pronotum reduced to two longitudinal bands.
China (Hainan).
Previous studies indicated that Allacta species inhabit on tree trunks (
Habitats of Allacta species from China. 37, 38 Allacta transversa from Hainan 37 when we remove the tree bark, a crowd of A. transversa run away and only an adult and a nymph (white arrow) hold still (Baoting County) 38 a very flat adult (white arrow) disguises itself in its surroundings (Baoting County) 39, 40 Allacta bimaculata from South China 39 a female resting on tree trunk (Longzhou, Guangxi) 40 a male resting on tree trunk (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan) 41, 42 Allacta robusta from Pu’er, Yunnan 41 Individual (white arrow) found on the tree trunk along with a planthopper (Meizihu Lake, Simao) 42 Individual crawling on the tree trunk (Zhenyuan County). All photographs by Lu Qiu.
Habitats of Allacta species from China. 43 Allacta ornata found on tree trunk (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan) 44 most Allacta xizangensis were found on tree trunks during an expedition in VIII.2015, but this one is the only one found on the ground (Zayü County, Xizang) 45 a living Allacta hainanensis (Liu et al., 2017) comb. n. was found on the leaf (Jianfengling, Hainan) 46 a female Allacta bruna sp. n. (with ootheca) found on a tree trunk (Jianfengling, Hainan). All photographs by Lu Qiu.
We thank Jin-Jin Wang, Qi-Kun Bai, Shun-Hua Gui, Xin-Ran Li, Jian-Yue Qiu, Zhi-wei Qiu, and Guo Zheng for their efforts in the field. We are also grateful to Prof Xian-Wei Liu for his help in photographing the specimens of Allacta hainanensis (Liu et al. 2017) comb. n. We also thank Dr John Richard Schrock (Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University) for revising the English. This study is supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Nos. 31672329, 31872271)