Research Article |
Corresponding author: Zhen Liu ( qingniao8.27@163.com ) Academic editor: Hume Douglas
© 2019 Zhen Liu, Shi-hong Jiang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.
Citation:
Liu Z, Jiang S-h (2019) The genus Sternocampsus Fleutiaux, 1927 (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Oxynopterinae), with description of a new species from South China. ZooKeys 852: 111-124. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.852.31611
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Sternocampsus coriaceus, sp. nov. is described and illustrated from China. A new combination, Campsosternus castaneus (Jiang & Wang, 1999) is proposed. A key and a checklist of the known species, together with a distribution map of Chinese Sternocampsus species, are provided.
China, distribution, Elateroidea, key, new taxon, new combination, taxonomy
The Oriental genus Sternocampsus Fleutiaux, 1927 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) was established for a single species, viz. S. villosus Fleutiaux, 1927, from Pahang, Malaysia. Although these Sternocampsus are large-bodied beetles, specimens are rarely collected. After 72 years, a second species, S. castaneus Jiang, 1999, was discovered in Yunnan, China (
Sternocampsus belongs to the subfamily Oxynopterinae Candèze, 1857 and morphologically resembles Oxynopterus Hope, 1842, the monotypic genus Sinuaria Jordans, 1894 and Campsosternus Latreille, 1834. Sinuaria can be easily distinguished from Sternocampsus by the strongly sinuate pronotal edges, strongly retracted head and non-serrate antenna. Flabellate antennae are diagnostic for Oxynopterus, however antennae are serrate in Sternocampsus and Campsosternus. Sternocampsus is also like Campsosternus in having a prominent mesoventrite and the male aedeagus has parameres with hook-like apices. But Sternocampsus differs from Campsosternus by the following (Campsosternus characteristics in parentheses): having a smaller and a somewhat retracted head (larger and less retracted); the pronotum is flat from lateral view and wider across the hind angles than the median length (often evenly convex and usually as wide as long); hind angles long and strongly divergent (short and less divergent); the prosternum is concave sublaterally (often flat or slightly concave); elytra without striae (often with striae); and the body dark without a metallic sheen (often with metallic sheen) (
Here, we describe a new species of Sternocampsus from South China and propose a new combination (i.e., Campsosternus castaneus (Jiang & Wang, 1999), comb. nov.). The new species is illustrated along with a key to the two known species of Sternocampsus.
Studied specimens belong to the following collections:
MHBU, the Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China
SNUC, Insect Collection of the Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
SWU, Institute of Entomology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
The terminology used mainly follows
Measurements: body length was measured along the midline from the anterior edge of the head capsule to the apex of elytra; body width was measured across the broadest part (usually across the elytra). Pronotal length was measured along the midline; the pronotal width was measured across the broadest part (usually across the hind angles).
Specimens were mounted on paper cards. The genitalia were removed, cleaned and fixed under the body of the specimen in glycerol mounts following
Sternocampsus castaneus:
Holotype of C. castaneus, China (
Syntype (images) of Campsosternus argentipilis (Candéze, 1874) (
Syntype (images) of C. saundersi (Candéze, 1874) (
Based on the original description, this species has: body length 30.5–32.0 mm, elongate, chestnut brown integument, covered with silvery white pubescence (Fig.
Based on examination of the types this species should be transferred from genus Sternocampsus to Campsosternus because of its convex and nearly square-shaped pronotum (anterior quarter 2/3 width of hind angles), the larger protruding head (less than half of eyes hidden by thorax in dorsal view) and the striate elytra. This species is similar to several dark colored Campsosternus species (cf. Fig.
China (Yunnan).
Habitus of Campsosternus spp. (all
Sternocampsus
Fleutiaux, 1927: 104;
Sternocampsus villosus Fleutiaux, 1927, by monotypy.
Head narrow compared to pronotum (ratio of head width between eyes to pronotum width across hind angles varied from 1/5 to 1/6). Frons flattened medially to level of labrum, frontal carina incomplete medially; mandibles arched, protruding. Antenna of both sexes, exceeding hind angles of pronotum, compressed, and serrate from 3rd to 10th antennomeres. Pronotum narrowed anteriorly, both sides distinctly sinuate, strongly flanged laterally, weakly convex medio-longitudinally; hind angles divergent, acute, apex recurved. Suture between meso- and metaventrite weak. Elytra attenuate, apically with a spine, surface almost smooth, with slightly irregular furrows posteriorly. Penis narrowed to apex, parameres with hook-like angles apically.
Malaysia (Pahang), China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Fujian) (Fig.
Holotype. ♂, Guangdong Prov., Nanling Natural Reserve, 12.V.2001, Ming-yi Tian, No. 20180380 (
Body not-metallic. Pronotum nearly twice wider (across hind angles) than its median length, flat in dorsal view, with four shallow depressions between longitudinal and transverse middle line. Elytra widest at apical third, shiny, smooth, coriaceous-rugulose sculpture hardly visible, without striae or linear punctures, covered with short pubescence, 1/5 length of diameter antennomere 2. Penis width measured before apical attenuation 3.3 times wider than minimum width of paramere, and penis not reaching beyond parameres.
Male (holotype). Body length 47.5 mm, width 14.5 mm. Body dark red-brown to black (Fig.
Head. Head semi-retracted (concealing most of eyes in dorsal view in Fig.
Thorax. Pronotum nearly twice wider (across hind angles) than its length, impressed on either side of midline near anterior and posterior thirds (Fig.
Scutellar shield. (Fig.
Elytra. 4 times longer than and slightly wider than pronotum (measured across hind angles), elongate (Figure
Legs (Fig.
Abdomen. General surface like that of metaventrite. Sternite III–VII each with paired round red-brown tubercles laterally, sternite VII emarginate basal-medially, abruptly narrowed posterad, triangular in ventral view, sinuate laterally, with weak longitudinal snowflake-like rugosity near sides anterad (Fig.
Genitalia. Penis width measured before apical attenuation 3.3 times wider than minimum width of paramere, and penis slightly shorter than parameres, apex abruptly and strongly narrowed, with low thorny tubercles; parameres with incision near each base in ventral view, sides nearly straight, and then strongly concave towards apex, with pre-apical acute hook-like expansion (Fig.
Female. Like male, except longer (17.0–17.5 mm) and with shorter antennae. Bursa copulatrix with four symmetrical thorny plates inside (Fig.
Body length: 45.5–51.0 mm (male) or 52.0–53.5 mm (female); body width: 13.5–17.0 mm (male) or 17.0–17.5 mm (female).
Unknown.
The specific name “coriaceus” (Latin for “leather-like”) refers to the coriaceous sculpture of the elytra.
China: Guangdong (Nanling Natural Reserve), Guangxi (Maoer Mts.), Fujian (Wuyi Mts.), Hunan (Mangshan Natural Reserve) (Fig.
Unknown, but collected at light traps at night. Some specimens collected at the elevation of 1430 m in subtropical forest.
This species is the second species of the genus Sternocampsus Fleutiaux. It differs from the congener S. villosus Fleutiaux, 1927 by the following: smaller body (45.5–53.5 mm; 55 mm in S. villosus); antennomere 3 shorter than antennomere 1 (antennomere 3 longer than 1 in S. villosus); and pubescence of hypomeron sparser and shorter (thicker and longer in S. villosus). The shape and arrangement of thorny plates in female bursa copulatrix (Fig.
Sternocampsus villosus Fleutiaux, 1927: 104.
Syntype (images) of C. villosus, ♂, (
According to the original description, this species is characterized by: body length 55 mm, large and robust; elytra not metallic, red-brown; pubescence yellow and thick. Frons depressed medially. Antenna black; similar in both sexes, but somewhat longer in male than in female; antennomere 1 longer than remaining antennomeres, widened apically; antennomere 2 very small; antennomere 3 longer than 1 and shorter than 4. Pronotum smooth. Elytra more or less dark brown, almost smooth, sculpture hardly discernable. Black ventrally, pubescence of hypomeron very thick. Legs black.
We have checked the images of types from the
Malaysia (Pahang).
1 | Length of body 45.5–51.0 mm; elytra nearly black (Fig. |
S. coriaceus sp. nov. |
– | Length of body 55 mm; elytra brown or red-brown (Fig. |
S. villosus Fleutiaux, 1927 |
Sternocampsus coriaceus Liu & Jiang, sp. nov. [China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Fujian)]
Sternocampsus villosus Fleutiaux, 1927 [Malaysia (Pahang)]
We thank Prof. Kees van Achterberg (Leiden, the Netherlands) and Dr. Hume Douglas (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada) for their extensive comments on the manuscript. We are grateful to the collectors for their collecting efforts in the field, and to Prof. Guo-dong Ren (MHBU), Prof. Ming Bai (IOZ, CAS) and Mr. Lu Qiu (SWU) for providing specimens and Dr. Yong-ying Ruan (