Anisaspis tuberculata Simon, 1892, deposited in NHM, examined.

Anisaspis differs from other paratropidid genera by the presence of only two spinnerets (PLS) (Figure 1D) and all legs with only two tarsal claws (STC), males without tibial apophysis and palpal bulb with sinuous embolus (Figure 1E, F). PLS relatively long (Figure 1A, B). Females remain unknown.

The specimen described as holotype female of A. tuberculata is actually a juvenile specimen. Therefore, females of this genus remain unknown.

Anisaspis tuberculata Simon, 1892 and Anisaspis camarita Perafán, Galvis & Pérez-Miles, sp. n.

Lesser Antilles, Saint Vincent island and Colombia, on the eastern flank of the Eastern Cordillera, Meta Department, Llanos foothills (Figure 10); from sea level to 570 m altitude.

Figure 1. 

Anisaspis camarita sp. n., male. A, B habitus A dorsal view B ventral view C sternum, labium and maxillae D caput and ocular tubercle E, F palpal bulb E prolateral view F retrolateral view. Arrow points to the triangular tooth on the subapical region of the embolus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–D); 0.5 mm (E, F).

Holotype male from Colombia, Meta, Villavicencio, Bosque de Bavaria, 4.18089N, 73.64800W, 570 m, 7-X-2005, col. HJ Salazar (ICN-Ar 1404).

Anisaspis camarita sp. n. differs from A. tuberculata by the absence of a spine on dorsal tarsi distally, longer spinnerets (PLS) with apical segment digitiform (domed in A. tuberculata) (Figure 1A, B) and AME on a super-tubercle (another higher tubercle on the ocular tubercle, Figure 1D).

Holotype male (ICN-Ar 1404) (Figure 1): total length 12.6; carapace length 6.0, width 6.5; abdomen length 5.8, width 3.4; chelicerae length 2.8. Color (in alcohol): body with soil particles encrusted; carapace, chelicerae, coxa, trochanter and femur dark reddish brown; abdomen dorsally and patella-tarsus brown. Carapace: glabrous, striae conspicuous, lateral margins with single line of curved setae mixed with disperse clubbed setae; caput strongly arched, separated from thoracic region by transverse shallow fovea, straight, width 1.1 (Figure 1A). Eyes and ocular tubercle: tubercle length 1.0, width 1.0, very elevated (height 0.8) and forwardly directed, with few stout setae. AME on a supertubercle (another higher tubercle on the ocular tubercle, Figure 1D). Clypeus absent. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior recurved. Ocular sizes and interdistances: AME 0.25, ALE 0.30, PME 0.23, PLE 0.28, AME-AME 0.15, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.48, PME-PLE 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.08, AME-PME 0.10, ALE-ALE 0.65, PLE-PLE 0.70. Chelicerae: short sparse bristles on dorsal and lateral areas, long fine bristles on ventral and anterior area. Rastellun absent. Cheliceral furrow with two rows of teeth well-developed, 12 and 9 teeth on promargin and retromargin, respectively. Fang long. Labium: length 0.7, width 0.9, with 77 cuspules on anterior edge (Figure 1C). Labio-sternal groove narrower in the middle than laterally. Maxillae longer than wide, with the anterior prolateral lobe very elongated, conical (Figure 1C); with 75/78 rounded cuspules spaced, largely spread over prolatero-ventral border from the inner edge to anterior lobe. Lyra absent. Sternum: length 2.5, width 3.4; three pairs of sigillae, anterior and median subcircular, posterior sigillae oval, all submarginal. Anterior half of sternum elevated (Figure 1C).

Legs: cuticle with soil particles encrusted. Leg and palpal segments measurements provided in Table 1. Leg I clearly thicker than the others. Bristles, plumose and thorn-like setae and spines evident. Trichobothria: filiform, on central 2/3 of tarsi, palp 5, leg I 8, II 7, III 6, IV 8; on distal 1/4 of metatarsi, legs I-III 4, IV 5; and on proximal 1/3 of tibiae, palp two rows of 3 each, legs I-III two rows of 4 each, IV two rows of 4 and 1 respectively. Scopula absent. Pseudoscopula weak and divided by conical longer setae, only present on distal tarsi I and II; tarsi III and IV with few sparse pseudoscopula setae. Claw tufts absent. Tarsal claws: ITC absent on all legs but a very small tooth present on right leg I in the same position of ITC; STC with one medial tooth on all legs. Tibial apophysis absent. Spination: principally thorn-like setae on all segments. Spines: palp and legs I-II 0; leg III, fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 1pd, 3v, ta 1p; leg IV, fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 2v, ta 1p.

Palp: cymbium with two unequal lobes separated by a sclerotized groove; tibia with shallow distoventral groove. Palpal bulb pyriform elongated; embolus curved, long, tapering to the apex, apex wide; a triangular translucent tooth on the subapical region, close to the apex (Figure 1E, F).

Abdomen: with four longitudinal dorsal rows of seven small tubercles, each emitting from its summit a plumose, bacilliform seta; lateral area finely tuberculate, with smaller plumose setae (Figure 1A). Book lung apertures projected, oval, sclerotized (Figure 1B). Spinnerets: PMS absent; PLS length 2.8, apical segment digitiform. Basal segment of PLS divided in two unequal cuticle plates (Figure 1B).

Female. Unknown.

Only known from its type locality, in the foothills of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombian Andes (at 570 m altitude), Meta Department, Bavaria forest (Figure 10).

The specific epithet camarita is a noun in apposition which means friend, in the colloquial way of the Llanos Region of Colombia, where this species is distributed.

Paratropis scruposa Simon, 1889.

Paratropis differs from other paratropidids by the combination of the following characters: presence of ITC on legs I, two pairs of spinnerets (PMS and PLS) (Figs 2B, 3B, 4B), males without tibial apophysis, and palpal bulb with embolus relatively straight, thin and very elongated (Figs 2E, F, 4F, G); females with spermathecal receptacles with multilobed fundus (Figs 2H, 3D).

Paratropis elicioi Dupérré, 2015, Paratropis florezi Perafán, Galvis & Pérez-Miles, sp. n., Paratropis papilligera FO Pickard-Cambridge, 1896, Paratropis sanguinea Mello-Leitão, 1923, Paratropis scruposa Simon, 1889, Paratropis seminermis Caporiacco, 1955, Paratropis tuxtlensis Valdez-Mondragón, Mendoza & Francke, 2014.

Mexico, Lesser Antilles, and northern South America (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). In Colombia it is widely distributed in the three mountain ranges that make up the Andes, the inter-Andean valleys and lowlands of the Amazon, Llanos, and Caribbean regions (Perafán 2017) (Figure 10).

Holotype male from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Otonga Biological Reserve, near Rio Esmeraldas, 0.41941S, 78.99607W, 1717 m, 25.xi–08.xii.2014, pitfall, col. N Dupérré & E Tapia (QCAZ), not examined.

Colombia, Nariño, Barbacoas, Altaquer, Reserva Natural Río Ñambí, 1.3N, 78.08333W, 1400 m, 17-27-vii-2012, col. M Medrano, A García, Y Cifuentes, D Martínez, 1 male (ICN-Ar 11435); one female with the same data (ICN-Ar 11436); one female from the same locality, 1440 m, 17-30-vi-2011, col. A García (ICN-Ar 6974). Ecuador: Pichincha: Santo Domingo, 466 m, 1-xi-1999, col. M Rivadeneira, 1 female (QCAZ, MV-PAR-018); Nanegalito, 1500 m, 27-xii-1996, col. M Davalos, 1 female (QCAZ, MV-PAR-015); Nanegalito, 1400 m, 23-i-1993, col. C Segovia, 1 female (QCAZ, MV-PAR-07); Las Tolas, 20-iii-1989, col. V Utreras, 1 female (QCAZ, MV-PAR-031).

Figure 2. 

Paratropis elicioi Dupérré, 2015. A–C male A, B habitus A dorsal view B ventral view C sternum, labium and maxillae D sternum, labium and maxillae female E, F palpal bulb E prolateral view F retrolateral view G habitus female, dorsal view H spermathecae. Scale bars: 1.0 mm(A–D, G); 0.5 mm (E–H).

Males of P. elicioi differ from those of other Paratropis species by the morphology of the palpal bulb with very long and straight embolus (Figure 2E, F). Females can be distinguished by the morphology of spermathecal receptacles with long neck, longitudinal dorsal fold and numerous apical lobes (Figure 2H).

The examination of new material from Colombia and Ecuador allowed us to infer that both the diagnosis and the descriptions of the two sexes of P. elicioi were inaccurate (Dupérré 2015). Below we present an emended description.

Male (ICN-Ar 11435) (Figure 2A–C, E, F): total length 13.0; carapace length 6.1, width 6.1; abdomen length 6.0, width 3.8; chelicerae length 1.9. Color (in alcohol): body with few soil particles encrusted; carapace, chelicerae and legs reddish brown; abdomen grayish brown (Figure 2A). Carapace: slightly setose, with a single line of curved setae mixed with disperse clubbed setae, striae conspicuous; caput arched, separated from thoracic region by transverse shallow fovea, straight, width 0.9 (Figure 2A). Eyes and ocular tubercle: tubercle length 0.9, width 1.1, very elevated (height 0.8) and forwardly directed, with few setae. Clypeus absent. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior recurved. Ocular sizes and interdistances: AME 0.35, ALE 0.35, PME 0.20, PLE 0.25, AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.50, PME-PLE 0.03, ALE-PLE 0.08, AME-PME 0.03, ALE-ALE 0.65, PLE-PLE 0.70. Chelicerae: short sparse bristles on dorsal and lateral areas, long fine bristles on ventral and anterior area; basal segment with clubbed-plumose setae. Rastellum absent. Cheliceral furrow with two rows of teeth well developed, 16/14 and 11/13 teeth on promargin and retromargin, respectively. Labium: length 0.7, width 1.4, with 75 cuspules on anterior edge (Figure 2C). Labio-sternal groove with two lateral mounds. Maxillae longer than wide, with the anterior prolateral lobe very elongated, conical (Figure 2C); with 73/76 cuspules spaced, largely spread over prolatero-ventral border from the inner edge to anterior lobe. Lyra absent. Sternum: length 2.5, width 3.2; three pairs of sigillae, anterior subcircular, median and posterior sigillae oval; anterior and median sigillae marginal, posterior submarginal (Figure 2C).

Legs: cuticle normal. Leg and palpal segments measurements provided in Table 2. Leg I clearly thicker than the others. Bristles, clubbed and thorn-like setae present. Trichobothria: filiform, on central 2/3 of tarsi, palp 4, leg I 9, II 9, III 8, IV 9; on distal 1/4 of metatarsi, leg I 5, II 5, III 4, IV 4; on proximal 1/3 of tibiae, palp with two rows of 3 and 4 respectively, legs I–III two groups of 4 each, IV 2r-5p-1d (proximal/distal). Scopula absent. Pseudoscopula weak and divided by conical longer setae, only present on distal tarsi I, II and III. Claw tufts absent. Tarsi distally incrassate on anterior legs. Tarsal claws: ITC present on leg I; STC with one tooth on all legs. Spination: principally thorn-like setae on all segments. Spines: palp 0; leg I 0; leg II 0; leg III fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 1pv, ta 1pv; leg IV fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 1pv, ta 2pv.

Palp: cymbium with two unequal lobes separated by a sclerotized groove; tibia with distoventral groove. Palpal bulb pyriform very elongated; embolus as long as tibia and half patella, straight then tapering to the apex, apex stout but flattened (Figure 2E, F).

Abdomen: with four longitudinal dorsal rows of seven small tubercles, each emitting from its summit a plumose, bacilliform seta. Book lung apertures projected, oval, sclerotized (Figure 2B). Spinnerets: PMS 0.50; PLS length 1.9, apical segment digitiform. Basal segment of PLS divided in two unequal cuticle plates (Figure 2B).

Female (ICN-Ar 6974) (Figure 2D, G, H): total length 18.5, carapace length 7.2, width 7.1; abdomen length 10.0, width 7.0; chelicerae length 4.0. Color (in alcohol): body with soil particles encrusted; carapace, and legs reddish dark brown, chelicerae dark brown, abdomen grayish brown (Figure 2G). Carapace: slightly setose, lateral margins with single line of spiniform setae with a single line of curved setae mixed with disperse clubbed setae; striae conspicuous; caput arched, separated from thoracic region by transverse fovea, straight, width 1.4 (Figure 2G). Eyes and ocular tubercle: tubercle length 1.2, width 1.3, very elevated (height 0.9) and forwardly directed, with few setae. Clypeus absent. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior recurved. Ocular sizes and interdistances: AME 0.35, ALE 0.38, PME 0.28, PLE 0.33, AME-AME 0.18, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.65, PME-PLE 0.03, ALE-PLE 0.05, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-ALE 0.73, PLE-PLE 0.85. Chelicerae: short sparse bristles on dorsal and lateral areas, long fine bristles on ventral and anterior area; basal segment with clubbed plumose setae. Rastellum absent. Cheliceral furrow with two rows of teeth well-developed, 13/14 and 13/12 teeth on promargin and retromargin, respectively. Labium: length 1.1, width 1.8, with 97 cuspules on anterior edge (Figure 2D). Labio-sternal groove with two lateral mounds. Maxillae longer than wide, with the anterior prolateral lobe very elongated, conical (Figure 2D); with 91/97 cuspules spaced, largely spread over prolatero-ventral border from the inner edge to anterior lobe. Lyra absent. Sternum: length 2.8, width 3.9; three pairs of sigillae, anterior subcircular, median and posterior sigillae oval; anterior and median sigillae marginal, posterior submarginal. Anterior edge of sternum with a semicircular area slightly elevated (joined to labio-sternal groove) (Figure 2D).

Legs: cuticle normal. Leg and palpal segments measurements provided in Table 2. Leg I clearly thicker than the others. Bristles, thorn-like setae and spines present. Trichobothria: filiform, on central 2/3 of tarsi, palp 9, leg I 11, II 10, III 9, IV 8; on distal 1/4 of metatarsi, leg I 5, II 4, III 4, IV 5; on proximal 1/3 of tibiae, palp 7 in two groups of 4 and 3 respectively, legs I-III two groups of 4 each, IV 2r-5p-1d (proximal/distal). Scopula or pseudoscopula absent. Claw tufts absent. Tarsal claws: ITC present on leg I; STC with one tooth on all legs. Spination: principally thorn-like setae on all segments. Spines: palp fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, ta 1pv, 2rv; leg I fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 5pv, 10rv, ta 8pv, 7rv; leg II fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 1pd, 2pv, 1r, 3rv, ta 1rv; leg III fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 2p, 3pv, 1r, 2rv, ta 1pv, 1rv; leg IV fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 3pv, 1rv, ta 2pv.

Abdomen: with four longitudinal dorsal rows of seven small tubercles, each emitting from its apex a plumose, bacilliform seta. Book lung apertures projected, oval, sclerotized. Two spermathecal receptacles with a long neck, with a longitudinal dorsal fold, ended in a multilobed fundus (Figure 2H). Spinnerets: PMS length 0.60; PLS length 3.0, apical segment digitiform. Basal segment of PLS divided in two unequal cuticle plates.

South of Colombia and north of Ecuador, on the Western Andean montane forest, between 500–1700 m altitudes. In Colombia it’s distributed on Nariño Department (Barbacoas, Reserva Natural Río Ñambí) and Ecuador distributed on Cotopaxi Province (Otonga Biological Reserve) and Pichincha Province (Santo Domingo; Nanegalito; Las Tolas) (Figure 10).

Holotype female from Colombia, Valle del Cauca, km 16 road Cali-Buenaventura, 3.52519N, 76.61992W, 1800 m, 14-xii-2014, col. C Perafán (ICN-Ar 11437). Paratypes: three females with the same data (ICN-Ar 11438).

Females of Paratropis florezi sp. n. differ from those of all other species of Paratropis by having the abdominal tubercles not prominent (Figure 3A) and by the spermathecal receptacles with a long neck, with the base widened and apex narrow, ended in a fundus with several projected lobes (Figure 3D).

Figure 3. 

Paratropis florezi sp. n., female. A, B habitus A dorsal view B ventral view C sternum, labium and maxillae D spermathecae. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–C); 0.5 mm (D).

Female (ICN-Ar 11437) (Figure 3): total length 15.2, carapace length 7.0, width 6.7; abdomen length 7.2, width 5.6; chelicerae length 3.4. Color (in alcohol): body with soil particles encrusted; carapace and legs reddish dark brown, chelicerae dark brown, abdomen grayish brown (Figure 3A). Carapace: scarcely setose, lateral margins with single line of spiniform setae; striae conspicuous; caput arched, separated from thoracic region by transverse fovea, slightly procurved, width 1.3 (Figure 3A). Eyes and ocular tubercle: tubercle length 0.8, width 0.7, very elevated (height 0.8) and slightly forwardly directed, with few setae. Clypeus absent. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior recurved. Ocular sizes and interdistances: AME 0.38, ALE 0.35, PME 0.18, PLE 0.33, AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.55, PME-PLE 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.10, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-ALE 0.80, PLE-PLE 0.83. Chelicerae: short sparse bristles on dorsal and lateral areas, long fine bristles on ventral and anterior area. Rastellum absent. Cheliceral furrow with two rows of teeth well-developed, 11/13 and 9/12 teeth on promargin and retromargin, respectively. Labium: sub-rectangular, length 1.0, width 1.8, with 120 cuspules on anterior edge (Figure 3C). Labio-sternal groove with two lateral mounds. Maxillae longer than wide, with the anterior prolateral lobe very elongated, conical (Figure 3C); with 80/71 cuspules spaced, largely spread over prolateral-ventral border from the inner edge to anterior lobe. Sternum: heart shaped length 2.9, width 3.8; three pairs of sigillae, anterior subcircular, median and posterior sigillae oval; anterior and median sigillae marginal, posterior submarginal. Anterior edge of sternum with a semicircular area slightly elevated (joined to labio-sternal groove) (Figure 3C).

Legs: cuticle with soil particles encrusted. Leg and palpal segments measurements provided in Table 3. Palp, tarsi swollen. Leg I, clearly thicker than the others. Bristles, thorn-like setae, and spines present. Trichobothria: filiform, on central 2/3 of tarsi, palp 9, leg I 12, II 11, III 9, IV 13; on distal 1/4 of metatarsi, leg I 5, II 4, III 5, IV5; on proximal 1/3 of tibiae, palp and leg I two rows of 4 each, II two groups of 4 and 5 respectively, III two groups of 4 each, IV 2r-5p-1d (proximal/distal). Scopula or pseudoscopula absent. Claw tufts absent. Tarsal claws: ITC present on leg I; STC with one curved tooth on all legs. Spination: principally thorn-like setae on all segments. Spines: palp fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, ta 1pv, 4rv; leg I fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 10v, 5pv, 7rv, ta 10pv, 10rv; leg II fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 4v, 1pd, 1pv, 1rv, ta 3rv; leg III fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 3v, 2pd, 2pv, 1rv, ta 1pv, 1rv; leg IV fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 3v, 2pv, ta 5pv.

Abdomen: with four longitudinal dorsal rows of seven small tubercles, each emitting from them a plumose, bacilliform seta. Book lung apertures projected, oval, sclerotized (Figure 3B). Two spermathecal receptacles with a long neck, with the base widened and apex narrow, ended in a fundus with several projected lobes (Figure 3D). Spinnerets: PMS length 0.6; PLS length 2.7, apical segment digitiform. Basal segment of PLS divided in two unequal cuticle plates (Figure 3B).

Male. Unknown.

Only known from its type locality, in the western Cordillera of Colombian Andes, Valle del Cauca Department, km 16 road Cali-Buenaventura, at 1800 m altitude (Figure 10).

The females of Paratropis florezi sp. n. live in shallow burrows that they dig in the substrate of the ravines of the road.

The species epithet is a noun in genitive, in honor of Dr Eduardo Flórez Daza (ICN), in recognition of his friendship, teachings, and vast contributions to Colombian arachnology.

Holotype male and paratype female from Santarem, Pará, Brazil, deposited in NHM, only male examined.

Colombia, Amazonas, Leticia, km 11 road to Tarapacá, 100 m, 25-iv-2002, it was collected manually in the day on leaf litter, col. G Amat and Estudiantes Introducción Sistemática Animal - Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1 male (ICN-Ar 2315).

Males of P. papilligera differ from those of other Paratropis species by the morphology of the palpal bulb with very thin and long embolus, distally curved (Figure 4F, G), and by the tibia I with a basal retrolateral conic process with spiniform setae (Figure 4D, E).

Figure 4. 

Paratropis papilligera FO Pickard-Cambridge, 1896, male. A, B habitus A dorsal view B ventral view C sternum, labium and maxillae D, E tibia I D retrolateral view E ventral view F, G palpal bulb F prolateral view G retrolateral view. Arrow and circle indicate the basal retrolateral conic process on tibia I. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–C); 0.5 mm (F, G).

Male (ICN-Ar 2315) (Figure 4): total length 12.3; carapace length 6.1, width 6.8; abdomen length 5.4, width 3.3; chelicerae length 2.7. Color (in alcohol): body with soil particles encrusted; carapace and chelicerae dark reddish brown, legs and abdomen brown (Figure 4A). Carapace slightly setose, striae conspicuous, lateral margins with single line of curved setae mixed with disperse clubbed setae; caput arched, separated from thoracic region by transverse shallow fovea, straight, width 1.0 (Figure 4A). Eyes and ocular tubercle: tubercle length 1.10, width 1.40, very elevated (height 0.9) and forwardly directed, with few stout setae. Clypeus absent. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior recurved. Ocular sizes and interdistances: AME 0.45, ALE 0.35, PME 0.23, PLE 0.33, AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.63, PME-PLE 0.05, ALE-PLE 0.08, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-ALE 0.93, PLE-PLE 0.80. Chelicerae: short sparse bristles on dorsal and lateral areas, long fine bristles on ventral and anterior area. Rastellum absent. Cheliceral furrow with two rows of teeth well developed, 10/10 and 9/10 teeth on promargin and retromargin, respectively. Fang long. Labium: length 0.8, width 1.4, with 105 cuspules on anterior edge (Figure 4C). Labio-sternal groove narrower in the middle than laterally. Maxillae longer than wide, with the anterior prolateral lobe very elongated, conical (Figure 4C); with 73/72 rounded cuspules spaced, largely spread over prolatero-ventral border from the inner edge to anterior lobe. Lyra absent. Sternum: length 2.7, width 3.4; three pairs of sigillae, anterior subcircular, median and posterior sigillae oval; anterior and median sigillae marginal, posterior submarginal. Anterior edge of sternum with a semicircular area slightly elevated (joined to labio-sternal groove) (Figure 4C).

Legs: cuticle with soil particles encrusted. Leg and palpal segments measurements provided in Table 4. Leg I clearly thicker than the others. Bristles, plumose and thorn-like setae and spines evident. Tibia I with a basal retrolateral conic process with spiniform setae (Figure 4D, E). Trichobothria: filiform, on central 2/3 of tarsi, palp 6, leg I 9, II 8, III 7, IV 8; on distal 1/4 of metatarsi, leg I 5, II 4, III 4, IV 4; on proximal 1/3 of tibiae, palp two rows of 4 each, leg I two groups of 5 each, II-III two groups of 4 each, IV 2r-5p-1d (proximal/distal). Scopulae absent. Pseudoscopula weak and divided by conical longer setae, only present on distal tarsi I and II; tarsi III and IV with few sparse pseudoscopula setae. Claw tufts absent. Tarsal claws: ITC only present on leg I; STC with one tooth on all legs. Spination: principally thorn-like setae on all segments. Spines: palp 0; leg I 0; leg II 0; leg III, fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 1p 1v, ta 1p; leg IV, fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 1p, ta 1p.

Palp: cymbium with two unequal lobes separated by a sclerotized groove; tibia with shallow distoventral groove. Palpal bulb elongated; embolus very thin and long (longer than tibia), distally curved, tapering to the apex (Figure 4F, G).

Abdomen: with four longitudinal dorsal rows of seven small tubercles, each emitting from its summit a plumose, bacilliform seta; lateral area finely tuberculate, with smaller plumose setae. Book lung apertures projected, oval, sclerotized (Figure 4B). Spinnerets: PMS length 0.50; PLS length 3.00, apical segment digitiform. Basal segment of PLS divided in two unequal cuticle plates (Figure 4B).

Amazonas of Brazil and Colombia. Brazil, Santarem (Pará); Colombia, Amazonas (Leticia) (Figure 10).

Stormtropis parvum Perafán, Galvis & Pérez-Miles, sp. n.

Stormtropis gen. n. males differ from those of all other paratropidids by the combination of the following characteristics: absence of spines on all segments of legs, lack third claw (ITC) on all tarsi and by the morphology of palpal bulb; pyriform, elongated, with embolus slightly curved tapering to the apex and a subapical triangular tooth (Figs 5F–G, 6D–E, 7F–G, 9F–G). Excepting S. muisca sp. n. the other species have a tibial prolateral apophysis, constituted by a single spur and a group of about 15 spines in two parallel rows (Figs 5D–E, 7D–E, 9D–E); it differs from Melloina males by the absence of claw tufts and the different morphology of tibial apophysis (two branches and few megaspines in Melloina: Schenkel 1953: fig. 4C, D; Raven 1999: fig. 2F; Bertani 2013: figs 12, 13). Females differ from all other paratropidids by the morphology of the spermathecal receptacles with a tubular neck and a wide globose fundus (mushroom shaped) (Figure 8D), and few spines on all legs. Additionally, Stormtropis gen. n. has few labial and maxillary elongated cuspules (less than 70), four spinnerets (PMS and PLS), and fewer tricobothriae on each article.

Stormtropis colima Perafán, Galvis and Pérez-Miles sp. n., Stormtropis muisca Perafán, Galvis and Pérez-Miles sp. n., Stormtropis paisa Perafán, Galvis and Pérez-Miles sp. n. and Stormtropis parvum Perafán, Galvis and Pérez-Miles sp. n.

Carapace round, almost glabrous, light to dark brown. Caput arched. Fovea shallow, transverse, straight to slightly procurved. Eye group subquadrate, wider than long, tubercle well defined, elevated. Clypeus absent. Chelicerae without rastellum, cheliceral furrow narrow with teeth on both margins: promargin 7–13, retromargin 6–13, fangs long. Labium subquadrate with 20–70 cuspules restricted to anterior edge. Maxillae longer than wide with the anterior prolateral lobe very elongated, conical; few cuspules (24–77) throughout the prolateral diagonal half of the maxillae. Labio-sternal groove narrow in the middle and wider laterally. Sternum heart shaped, slightly wider than long, sigillae oval, submarginal. Legs, thin and long, pair I slightly stouter than II-IV; clubbed setae present. Few filiform tricobothria on tarsus, metatarsus, and tibia in males. Long paired claws (STC) with one medial long tooth ventrally; third unpaired claw (ITS) absent on all legs of males; ITS present on leg I of females. Claw tufts absent, tarsal scopula absent, pseudoscopula setae generally present on the distal third of anterior tarsi. Males with spinose apophysis (similar to Aviculariinae) on prolateral distal tibiae I (except S. muisca). Abdomen oval, glabrous, with clubbed setae present on dorsum. Four spinnerets; PLS well developed, PMS small (half of the basal segment of PLS). All body encrusted by soil particles. Males without spines, and females with few spines on all legs. Males with cymbium with two unequal lobes separated by a sclerotized groove; palpal tibia with shallow distoventral groove; and palpal bulb pyriform elongated, with embolus slightly curved tapering to the apex, and a subapical triangular tooth. Females with spermathecal receptacles with a tubular neck and globose fundus.

Stormtropis gen. n. is distributed in the central and eastern Cordilleras of Colombia, on the montane forests of the Magdalena Valley and Cauca Valley, between 1400–3400 m altitudes, in the Departments of Antioquia (Santa Elena), Boyacá (Sotaquirá and Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque), Caldas (Pensilvania) and Cundinamarca (Topaipí) (Figure 10).

The name Stormtropis is a Latin declension (neuter) of the noun Stormtrooper from the fictional universe of the Star Wars films. The stormtroopers are the soldiers of the main ground force of the Galactic Empire. These soldiers are very similar to each other, with some capacity for camouflage but with unskillful movements, like this group of spiders.

Holotype male from Colombia, Cundinamarca, Río Negro Province, Topaipí, 1377 m, 18-23-x-2012, col. M Medrano, A García, E Martínez (ICN-Ar 11439).

Stormtropis colima sp. n. differs from the other species of the genus by the presence of a tibial apophysis with shorter base and not so much separated from the tibia as in the other species (Figure 5D, E). Additionally, S. colima sp. n. differs from S. parvum sp. n. by the presence of a continuous row and more numerous cheliceral teeth on promargin (13–11) (7 in S. parvum sp. n.) and from S. paisa sp. n. by the absence of a sclerotized dark mark on proximal dorsal tibia, without a slight excavation.

In addition, S. colima sp. n. is larger (8.4 mm) and lives at lower elevation (1377m) than S. parvum sp. n. (6 mm; 2750 m) and S. paisa sp. n. (8.5 mm; 2400 m).

Figure 5. 

Stormtropis colima gen. n., sp. n., male. A, B habitus A dorsal view B ventral view C sternum, labium and maxillae D, E tibial apophysis on leg I D prolateral view E ventral view F, G palpal bulb F prolateral view G retrolateral view. Arrows point to the triangular tooth on the subapical region of the embolus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–C); 0.5 mm (D, E); 0.25 mm (F, G).

Holotype male (ICN-Ar 11439) (Figure 5): total length 8.4, carapace length 4.2, width 4.2; abdomen length 3.3, width 2.7; chelicerae length 1.7. Color (in alcohol): body with soil particles encrusted; carapace, chelicerae, coxa, trochanter and femur dark brown; abdomen dorsally and patella-tarsus brown. Carapace: glabrous, striae conspicuous, lateral margins with single line of curved setae mixed with disperse clubbed setae; caput arched, separated from thoracic region by transverse shallow fovea, straight, width 0.4 (Figure 5A). Eyes and ocular tubercle: tubercle length 0.6, width 0.7, very elevated (height 0.5) and forwardly directed, with few stout setae. Clypeus absent. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior recurved. Ocular sizes and interdistances: AME 0.23, ALE 0.25, PME 0.15, PLE 0.18, AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.28, PME-PLE 0.03, ALE-PLE 0.05, AME-PME 0.03, ALE-ALE 0.38, PLE-PLE 0.45. Chelicerae: dorsal few plumose setae, short sparse bristles on dorsal and lateral areas, long fine bristles on ventral and anterior areas. Rastellum absent. Cheliceral furrow narrow with two rows of teeth, 13/11 teeth on promargin, and 8 teeth on retromargin. Fang long. Labium subquadrate, length 0.5, width 1.00, with 39 elongated cuspules on anterior edge (Figure 5C). Labio-sternal groove narrower in the middle than laterally. Maxillae longer than wide, with the anterior prolateral lobe very elongated, conical; with 42/44 elongated cuspules widely distributed throughout the prolateral half of the maxillae; field of cuspules wider proximally (Figure 5C). Sternum heart shaped, length 1.73, width 2.15; three pairs of sigillae, anterior and median subcircular, posterior sigillae oval, all marginal (Figure 5C).

Legs: cuticle with soil particles encrusted. Leg and palpal segments measurements provided in Table 5. Legs I slightly stouter than II–IV. Femur IV widened. Clubbed plumose and thorn-like setae. Trichobothria: filiform, on central 2/3 of tarsi, palp, and all legs 5; on distal 1/4 of metatarsi, all legs 3; and on proximal 1/3 of tibiae, palp and legs I–III two rows of 2 each, IV 4. Scopula absent, few and sparse pseudoscopula setae on tarsi I and II. Claw tufts absent. Tarsal claws: ITC absent from all legs; STC long, with one tooth on all legs. Tibial apophysis on leg I present: a short flattened branch on distal prolateral side, with spines on two parallel rows, 10 distal and 5 proximal (Figure 5D, E). Thorn-like setae mainly present on legs III and IV. Spines absent.

Palp: cymbium with two unequal lobes separated by a sclerotized groove; tibia with shallow distoventral groove. Palpal bulb pyriform elongated; embolus curved, very long, tapering to the apex, apex wide; a triangular translucent tooth on subapical region, close to apex (Figure 5F, G).

Abdomen: oval, with small clubbed setae; lateral and dorsal areas finely tuberculate, with small plumose clubbed setae, principally on posterior area (Figure 5A). Book lung apertures projected, oval, sclerotized (Figure 5B). Spinnerets: PMS length 0.3; PLS length 1.6, apical segment digitiform (Figure 5B).

Female : unknown.

Only known from its type locality, Topaipí in the Río Negro Province (Cundimarca), in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombian Andes, at 1300 m altitude (Figure 10).

The species epithet colima is a noun in apposition which means warrior in the extinct Muisca language. The Colimas were an indigenous tribe that inhabited in the central highlands of Colombia, where the species occurs.

Holotype male from Colombia, Boyacá, Sotaquirá, Vereda Guaguaní, 5.80886N, 73.25063W, 3415 m, 8-10-vi-2015, col. Y Cifuentes, J Moreno (ICN-Ar 11440). Paratype: 1 male from Colombia, Boyacá, Villa de Leyva, Santuario de Flora y Fauna Iguaque, 11-iv-2000, pitfall, col. C Fagua (ICN-Ar 880).

Males of Stormtropis muisca sp. n. differ from those of all other species of Stormtropis gen. n. by the absence of tibial apophysis, and by the pattern of abdominal color, grayish brown with a pattern of seven pairs of lighter dots, and sub-circular carapace (Figure 6A). Also, by the palpal bulb elongated, with the embolus slightly curved tapering to the apex, which is stout but flattened, and a very small subapical triangular tooth (Figure 6D, E).

Figure 6. 

Stormtropis muisca gen. n., sp. n., male. A, B habitus A dorsal view B ventral view C sternum, labium and maxillae D, E palpal bulb D prolateral view E retrolateral view. Arrows point to the triangular tooth on the subapical region of the embolus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–C); 0.25 mm (D, E).

Male (ICN-Ar 11440) (Figure 6): total length 9.5; carapace length 4.6, width 4.8; abdomen length 4.6, width 3.5; chelicerae length 1.3. Color (in alcohol): body with few soil particles encrusted; carapace, chelicerae and legs dark reddish brown; abdomen grayish brown with a pattern of seven pairs of lighter dots (Figure 6A). Carapace slightly setose, striae conspicuous, lateral margins with single line of spiniform setae; caput very arched, separated from thoracic region by transverse shallow fovea, straight, width 0.9 (Figure 6A). Eyes and ocular tubercle: tubercle length 0.73, width 0.8, very elevated (height 0.5) and forwardly directed, with few stout setae. Clypeus absent. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior recurved. Ocular sizes and interdistances: AME 0.25, ALE 0.25, PME 0.10, PLE 0.20, AME-AME 0.15, AME-ALE 0.25, PME-PME 0.40, PME-PLE 0.03, ALE-PLE 0.08, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-ALE 0.50, PLE-PLE 0.50. Chelicerae: short sparse bristles on dorsal and lateral areas, long fine bristles on ventral and anterior areas. Rastellum absent. Cheliceral furrow with two rows of well-developed teeth, 8/7 and 6/6 teeth on promargin and retromargin, respectively. Labium: length 0.5, width 1.2, with 69 cuspules on anterior edge (Figure 6C). Labio-sternal groove of uniform width. Maxillae longer than wide, with the anterior prolateral lobe very elongated, conical (Figure 6C); with 37/36 conical cuspules spaced, largely spread over prolatero-ventral border from the inner edge to anterior lobe. Lyra absent. Sternum: length 1.8, width 2.5; three pairs of sigillae, anterior subcircular, median and posterior sigillae oval; anterior and median sigillae marginal, posterior submarginal. Anterior edge of sternum with a semicircular area slightly elevated (joined to labio-sternal groove) (Figure 6C).

Legs: cuticle normal. Leg and palpal segments measurements provided in Table 6. Leg I clearly thicker than the others. Bristles and thorn-like setae present. Trichobothria: filiform, on central 2/3 of tarsi, palp 4, leg I 7, II 5, III 4, IV 4; on distal 1/4 of metatarsi, leg I 4, II 3, III 3, IV 3; on proximal 1/3 of tibiae, palp and legs I-III two rows of 2 each, IV a row of 3p and 1d. Scopulae absent. Pseudoscopula weak and divided by conical longer setae, only present on distal tarsi I, II and III; tarsi IV with few sparse pseudoscopula setae. Claw tufts absent. Tarsi distally incrassate, mainly on anterior legs. Tarsal claws: ITC absent on all legs, but a very small tooth present on legs I; STC with one curved tooth on all legs. Spination: principally thorn-like setae on all segments. Spines absent.

Palp: cymbium with two unequal lobes separated by a sclerotized groove; tibia with shallow distoventral groove. Palpal bulb pyriform; embolus slightly curved tapering to the apex, apex stout but flattened, a subapical triangular tooth on embolus (Figure 6D, E).

Abdomen: with four longitudinal dorsal rows of nine small tubercles, each emitting from its summit a spiniform seta. Book lung apertures projected, oval, sclerotized (Figure 6B). Spinnerets: PMS length 0.10; PLS length 1.40, apical segment digitiform (Figure 6B).

Female : Unknown.

Eastern Cordillera of Colombian Andes, at a height above 3000 m, Páramo biogeographic province. Boyacá Department, municipality of Sotaquirá (Guaguaní) and Iguaque Fauna and Flora Sanctuary (Figure 10).

The species epithet muisca is a noun in apposition which refers to the indigenous tribe who inhabit in the same region where this species occur.

Holotype male from Colombia, Antioquia, Santa Elena, Parque Ecoturístico Arví, Piedras Blancas, 12-iv-2017, 2400 m, col. C. Perafán, L. Montes de Oca, F. Pérez-Miles, J. Salazar, (ICN-Ar 11441). Paratypes: 3 females with the same data (ICN-Ar 11442-11443) (FC-My 1409).

Stormtropis paisa sp. n. differs from the other species of the genus by the presence of a sclerotized dark mark on proximal dorsal tibia, with a slight excavation (Figure 7A). Males additionally differ from the other species by the presence of a tibial apophysis bearing more numerous spines on the proximal row (12) (Figure 7D, E); in the other species with tibial apophysis the number of such spines is 5–6; and by the palpal bulb with the embolus sinuous, distally twisted and more widened on the apex (Figure 7F, G). Females can be distinguished by the morphology of the spermathecal receptacles with a tubular neck and a wide globose fundus (mushroom shaped) (Figure 8D).

Figure 7. 

Stormtropis paisa gen. n., sp. n., male. A, B habitus A dorsal view B ventral view C sternum, labium and maxillae D, E tibial apophysis on leg I D prolateral view E ventral view F, G palpal bulb F prolateral view G retrolateral view. Arrows point to the triangular tooth on the subapical region of the embolus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–C); 0.5 mm (D, E); 0.25 mm (F, G).

Figure 8. 

Stormtropis paisa gen. n., sp. n., female. A, B habitus A dorsal view B ventral view C sternum, labium and maxillae D spermathecae. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A–C); 0.2 mm (D).

Holotype male (ICN-Ar 11441) (Figure 7): total length 8.5; carapace length 3.9, width 4.0; abdomen length 4.7, width 2.7; chelicerae length 1.6. Color (in alcohol): body with soil particles encrusted; carapace, chelicerae, coxa, trochanter and femur reddish brown; abdomen dorsally and patella-tarsus brown, tibiae dorsally with a proximal dark brown mark. Carapace: glabrous, striae conspicuous, lateral margins with single line of curved setae mixed with dispersed clubbed setae; caput arched, with three longitudinal lines of plumose setae; caput slightly arched, separated from thoracic region by transverse shallow fovea, straight, width 0.7 (Figure 7A). Eyes and ocular tubercle: tubercle length 0.6, width 0.8, very elevated (height 0.6) and forwardly directed, with few stout setae. Clypeus absent. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Ocular sizes and interdistances: AME 0.25, ALE 0.30, PME 0.20, PLE 0.25, AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.35, PME-PLE 0.03, ALE-PLE 0.05, AME-PME 0.03, ALE-ALE 0.50, PLE-PLE 0.48. Chelicerae: short sparse bristles on dorsal and lateral areas, long bristles on ventral and anterior area. Rastellum absent. Cheliceral furrow narrow, with two rows of teeth, 10 teeth on promargin, 10/9 teeth on retromargin. Fang long. Labium sub-trapezoid, length 0.90, width 0.50, with 33 elongated cuspules on anterior edge (Figure 7C). Labio-sternal groove wide. Maxillae longer than wide, with the anterior prolateral lobe very elongated, conical; with 35 elongated cuspules widely distributed throughout the prolateral half of the maxillae; field of cuspules wider proximally (Figure 7C). Sternum heart shaped with an anterior nodule, length 1.60, width 2.00; three pairs of sigillae, anterior and median subcircular, submarginal; posterior sigillae oval, marginal (Figure 7C). Anterior edge of sternum with a semicircular area slightly elevated (joined to labio-sternal groove) (Figure 7C).

Legs: cuticle with soil particles encrusted. Leg and palpal segments measurements provided in Table 7. Legs I slightly stouter than II-IV. Clubbed plumose and thorn-like setae. Trichobothria: filiform, on central 2/3 of tarsi, palp and all legs 5; on distal 1/4 of metatarsi, leg I 4, II–IV 3; on proximal 1/3 of tibiae, palp and legs I-III 5 in two rows (2/3 each), IV 4. Scopula absent, pseudoscopula slightly denser on tarsi I and II, sparse pseudoscopula setae on tarsi III and IV. Claw tufts absent. Tarsal claws: ITC absent on all legs; STC long, with one tooth on all legs. Tibial apophysis on leg I present: only one flattened branch on distal prolateral side, with spines on two parallel rows, 15 distal and 12 proximal (Figure 7D, E). Thorn-like setae on tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi of all legs, more dense on legs III and IV. Spines absent.

Palp: cymbium with two unequal lobes separated by a sclerotized groove; tibia with a distoventral groove. Palpal bulb pyriform elongated; embolus sinuous and distally twisted, long, tapering to the apex; a triangular translucent tooth on subapical region (Figure 7F, G).

Abdomen: oval, with seven transverse dorsal rows of 4–6 small clubbed setae; with smaller plumose clubbed setae, principally on posterior area (Figure 7A). Book lung apertures projected, oval, and sclerotized (Figure 7B). Spinnerets: PMS length 0.30; PLS length 1.4, apical segment digitiform (Figure 7B).

Female (ICN-Ar 11442) (Figure 8): total length 11.7; carapace length 4.8, width 4.6; abdomen length 6.4, width 4.0; chelicerae length 2.4. Color, coverage, and habitus as in male (Figure 8A, B). Eyes and ocular tubercle: tubercle length 0.7, width 1.0, very elevated (height 0.7) and forwardly directed, with setae. Clypeus absent. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior recurved. Ocular sizes and interdistances: AME 0.25, ALE 0.33, PME 0.23, PLE 0.25, AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.43, PME-PLE 0.03, ALE-PLE 0.05, AME-PME 0.05, ALE-ALE 0.55, PLE-PLE 0.60. Chelicerae as in male. Rastellum absent. Cheliceral furrow with two rows of well-developed teeth, 12/7 teeth on promargin, 11/13 teeth on retromargin. Labium sub-trapezoid, length 0.6, width 1.2, with 53 cuspules on anterior edge (Figure 8A). Labio-sternal groove wide. Maxillae longer than wide, with the anterior prolateral lobe very elongated, conical; with 75/77 cuspules spaced, largely spread over prolatero-ventral border from the inner edge to anterior lobe. Sternum and sigillae as in male; sternum length 2.0, width 2.7 (Figure 8A).

Legs: cuticle as in male. Leg and palpal segments measurements provided in Table 7. Legs I clearly thicker than the others. Bristles, clubbed, thorn-like setae, and spines present. Trichobothria: filiform, on central 2/3 of tarsi, palp 5, legs I–II 5, III 4, IV 6; on distal 1/4 of metatarsi, leg I 4, II 3, III 4, IV 2; on proximal 1/3 of tibiae, palp 4, legs I-II two rows of 2 each, III two rows of 3 and 2 each, IV 4. Scopula and pseudoscopula absent. Claw tufts absent. Tarsal claws: ITC present on leg I; STC present on all legs with one tooth. Spination: principally thorn-like setae on all segments. Spines: palp 0; leg I fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 2v, 2pv, 4rv,1r, ta 4pv, 5rv; leg II fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 1pd, 2v, 1pv, ta 0; leg III fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 1pv, 1pd, ta 0; leg IV fe 0, pa 0, ti 0, me 1pv, ta 0.

Abdomen: book lung apertures and spinnerets as in male (Figure 8B). Two spermathecal receptacles with a tubular neck, ended in a globose flattened fundus; spermathecal fundus with higher density of glands than the neck (mushroom shaped, Figure 8D). Spinnerets: PMS length 0.40; PLS length 2.20, apical segment digitiform (Figure 8B).

Only known from its type locality, Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes, Antioquia Department, Medellin (Santa Elena), at 2400 m altitude (Figure 10).

The species epithet paisa is a noun in apposition which means the vernacular name given to the people of Medellín, where the species occurs.

Holotype male from Colombia, Caldas, Pensilvania, Berlín, 5.35222N, 75.18611W, 2750 m, 24-28-vii-2004, col. E Gonzáles, L Arango, JM Molina (ICN-Ar 11444).

Stormtropis parvum sp. n. differs from the other species of the genus by the less numerous and discontinuous row of cheliceral teeth on promargin (2-2-3) (Figure 9B), and by the presence of a tibial apophysis, with a larger base, more separated from the tibia than on the other species (Figure 9D, E). Additionally, differs from S. paisa by the absence of a sclerotized dark mark on proximal dorsal tibia, without excavation, and lower number of spines in the spur (eleven on the distal row and six on proximal).

In addition, S. parvum is smaller (6mm), with lighter red and brown tones, and lives at higher elevation (2750 m) than S. colima (8.4 mm; 1377 m) and S. paisa (8.5 mm; 2400 m).

Figure 9. 

Stormtropis parvum gen. n., sp. n., male. A, B habitus A dorsal view B ventral view C sternum, labium and maxillae D, E tibial apophysis on leg I D prolateral view E ventral view F, G palpal bulb F prolateral view G retrolateral view. Arrows point to the triangular tooth on the subapical region of the embolus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A, B); 0.5 mm (C); 0.25 mm (D, E); 0.25 mm (F, G).

Holotype male (ICN-Ar 11444) (Figure 9): total length 6.0; carapace length 2.9, width 2.8; abdomen length 2.8, width 2.3; chelicerae length 1.5. Color (in alcohol): body with soil particles encrusted; carapace, chelicerae, coxa, trochanter and femur red brown; abdomen dorsally and patella-tarsus brown. Carapace: glabrous, striae conspicuous, lateral margins with single line of curved setae mixed with disperse clubbed setae; caput arched, separated from thoracic region by transverse shallow fovea, straight, width 0.3 (Figure 9A). Eyes and ocular tubercle: tubercle length 0.5, width 0.6, very elevated (height 0.4) and forwardly directed, with few stout setae. Clypeus absent. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Ocular sizes and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.18, PME 0.13, PLE 0.14, AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.25, PME-PLE 0.03, ALE-PLE 0.03, AME-PME 0.03, ALE-ALE 0.35, PLE-PLE 0.38. Chelicerae: dorsally with few plumose setae, short sparse bristles on dorsal and lateral areas, long fine bristles on ventral and anterior area. Rastellum absent. Cheliceral furrow narrow with two rows of teeth, 7 teeth on promargin, on a discontinuous row (proximal-distal: 2-2-3); and 8/9 teeth on retromargin. Fang long. Labium subquadrate, length 0.25, width 0.65, with 20 elongated cuspules on anterior edge (Figure 9C). Labio-sternal groove narrower in the middle than laterally. Maxillae longer than wide, with the anterior prolateral lobe very elongated, conical; with 24/29 elongated cuspules widely distributed throughout the prolateral half of the maxillae; field of cuspules wider proximally (Figure 9C). Sternum heart shaped, length 1.15, width 1.53; three pairs of sigillae, anterior and median subcircular, submarginal; posterior sigillae oval, marginal (Figure 9C).

Legs: cuticle with soil particles encrusted. Leg and palpal segments measurements provided in Table 8. Leg I slightly stouter than II–IV. Clubbed plumose and thorn-like setae. Trichobothria: filiform, on central 2/3 of tarsi, palp and all legs 3; on distal 1/4 of metatarsi, all legs 2; and on proximal 1/3 of tibiae, palp and legs I–III two rows of 2 each, IV 3. Scopula absent, few and sparse pseudocopula setae on tarsi I and II. Claw tufts absent. Tarsal claws: ITC absent on all legs; STC long, with one tooth on all legs. Tibial apophysis on leg I present: only one flattened branch on distal prolateral side, with spines on two parallel rows: 11 distal and 6 proximal (Figure 9D, E). Thorn-like setae mainly present on legs III and IV. Spines absent.

Palp: cymbium with two unequal lobes separated by a sclerotized groove; tibia with shallow distoventral groove. Palpal bulb pyriform elongated; embolus curved very long, tapering to the apex; a triangular translucent tooth on the subapical region (Figure 9F, G).

Abdomen: oval, with seven transverse dorsal rows of 4–6 small clubbed setae; lateral and dorsal area finely tuberculate, with smaller plumose clubbed setae, principally on posterior area (Figure 9A). Book lung apertures projected, oval, sclerotized (Figure 9B). Spinnerets: PMS length 0.20; PLS length 1.10, apical segment digitiform (Figure 9B).

Female : unknown.

Only known from its type locality, in the Central Cordillera of Colombian Andes, eastern flank, at 2750 m altitude, Caldas Department, Pensilvania, Berlín (Figure 10).

The species epithet parvum is a Latin adjective (neuter) which means little; S. parvum sp. n. is the smallest species of the genus known to date.

Figure 10. 

Distribution records of the entire family Paratropididae Simon, 1889; genera differentiated by color. A Anisaspis camarita sp. n. B Anisaspis tuberculata Simon, 1892 C Anisaspoides gigantea F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 D Melloina gracilis (Schenkel, 1953) E Melloina rickwesti Raven, 1999 F Melloina santuario Bertani, 2013 G Paratropis elicioi Dupérré, 2015 H Paratropis florezi sp. n. I Paratropis papilligera F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 J Paratropis sanguinea Mello-Leitão, 1923 K Paratropis scruposa Simon, 1889 L Paratropis seminermis Caporiacco, 1955 M Paratropis tuxtlensis Valdez-Mondragón, Mendoza & Francke, 2014 N Stormtropis colima gen. n., sp. n. O Stormtropis muisca gen. n., sp. n. P Stormtropis paisa gen. n., sp. n. Q Stormtropis parvum gen. n., sp. n.