Type material. Holotype, 1 female, COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Estación Llanura, lat 10.93332, long -85.25331, 135 m, 17.ix.2009, M. Moraga, 09-SRNP-75793, parasitoid voucher DHJPAR0039932. Paratypes: 2 males same data as holotype except for collecting dates and voucher codes as follow: 10.x.2009, 09-SRNP-76107, parasitoid voucher DHJPAR0039933; and 09.x.2009, 09-SRNP-76084, parasitoid voucher DHJPAR0039931. All specimens deposited in DHJWH temporarily, for later transfer to CNC.

Eyes silver mottled with gray, ocelli silver (Figs 1A–C, L). Curvature of pronotum with a deep groove that has semicircular rugae. Scutellar sulcus with five deep, carinated foveae of heterogeneous size (Figs 1E–F, M–N). Axillary trough of scutellum (ATS) with several parallel carinae that are close to each other (Figs 1F, M–N). Fore wing longer than body length.

Holotype female. Body length 4.56 mm, fore wing length 4.87 mm, hind wing length 3.99 mm

Coloration (Figs 1A–R). General body pale yellow, except posterior half of hind coxa with an infuscated ventral band (Fig. 1I). Flagellum, trochanter, trochantellus, apex of both femur and tibia brown, hind tarsi, and tarsal claws of all legs completely brown. Scape and pedicel yellow-brown. Eyes silver mottled with gray, ocelli silver (Figs 1A–C, L). Membrane and microtrichiae of both fore and hind wings light brown (Figs 1A, L).

Head (Figs 1B–C). Scape longer than wide (0.26:0.17 mm); pedicel wider than long (0.12:0.10 mm), first antennal flagellomeres not sub-equal in length (0.30:0.36:0.34 mm). Antennal scrobes deep, smooth, far above middle level of eyes (Fig. 1B), carinated dorsally (Fig. 1C); in frontal view, medial area between antennal scrobes with a sharp, short projection carrot-shaped (Fig. 1B), antennal scrobes in contact with inner eye margin (Fig. 1B). Face with small, sparse and homogeneous punctures, face with a median-longitudinal carina running from antennal scrobes to clypeus, fronto-clypeal suture absent (Fig. 1B). Distance between each anterior tentorial pit and closest inner compound eye margin equal to diameter of a tentorial pit (0.06:0.06 mm); anterior tentorial pits far away from each other (0.30 mm) (Fig. 1B). Mandible with two teeth, inferior tooth thinner, longer than superior. Maxillary palps longer than labial palps (Fig. 1B). Distance between a posterior ocellus and adjacent eye margin sub-equal in length equal to diameter of lateral ocellus (0.10:0.10 mm), distance between lateral ocelli shorter than diameter of lateral ocellus (0.06:0.10 mm) (Fig. 1C). Vertex narrow with small, sparse punctuations, but medially smooth and concave (Fig. 1C).

Mesosoma (Fig. 1A, D–F, L–N). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex (Figs 1A, D). Pronotum shiny, smooth; curvature of pronotum with a deep groove that has semicircular rugae. Mesopleuron convex, extended, smooth except margins lateral and ventro-lateral that form a L-shaped area that possesses small, homogeneous punctuations (Fig. 1D), mesopleuron with a deep dent just above L-shaped area, dent with elongated foveae bordering the L-shape area, mesosternum slightly flat with distinctive groove of deep, homogeneous foveae. Metepisternum and metepimeron separated by a groove with several deep foveae throughout (Fig. 1D), metepisternum narrower than metepimeron, metepisternum just above hindcoxa outlined by a wide and flat carina, and apical half with several short cariane. Mesoscutum as wide as head with small and homogenous punctures. Notauli clearly impressed, broad, but not reaching the transscutal articulation (Fig. 1E). Scutellar sulcus with five deep, carinated foveae of heterogeneous size (Figs 1E–F, M–N). Scutellum shiny, almost smooth with sparse, fine punctures and surrounded by a strong carina (Figs 1E–F, M–N). ATS with several parallel carinae which are close to each other (Figs 1E, N). Axillary trough of metanotum (ATM) with a few, incomplete parallel carinae, only present basally (Figs 1E, N). Lunule of scutellum (L) and medioposterior band of scutellum (BS) smooth and shiny. Medioposterior band of metanotum (BM) short and crossed by a carina aligned with the median longitudinal carina of propodeum (Fig. 1F). Medioanteror pit of metanotum (MPM) hexagonal, and delimited by a strong carina (Fig. 1F). Posterior rim of metanotum (PRM) thin and smooth (Fig. 1F). Propodeum with a complete median-longitudinal carina dividing the propodeum in two halves, plus one divergent carina at each half of propodeum, area between carinae basally shorter than apically, divergent carinae crossed by semicircular carinae (Fig. 1F).

Wings (Figs 1A, L). Fore wing with vein r straight (0.30 mm) arising just beyond middle of pterostigma; vein 2RS as long as r (0.30:0.30 mm), but longer than 2M and (RS+M) b veins (0.30:0.15:0.20 mm). Hind wing with vannal lobe reduced, slightly convex; edge with sparse setae throughout. Costal and basal cell infuscate.

Legs (Figs 1A, I, L, O–R). Hind coxa surpassing apex of tergite III (Figs 1A, L, Q–R), outer dorsal surface of hind coxa delimiting an area surrounded by a strong longitudinal carina running from base to apex, but last third apically the carina turns inward (Fig. 1Q); that area with rugulose punctuations and with an extra strong basal carina inclined and reaching only the first third basally; hind tibia with outer spur half as long as inner spur (0.34:0.66 mm); inner spur more than half as long as hind basitarsus (0.66:0.90 mm) (Fig. 1P); hind tibia and hind tarsi both with spines throughout, hind tarsal claw with a short comb (Fig. 1O).

Metasoma (Figs 1G–H, J–K, Q–R). Petiole of tergite I narrow (Figs 1H, Q–R), length 0.56 mm, distinctly constricted at anterior half (minimum width 0.09 mm), but subapically wider (maximum width 0.25 mm) and with a few sculpturations, petiole with a deep groove extending more of two thirds tergite I length; hypopygium not protruding at apex of metasoma (Figs 1A, J); hypopygium plate with truncate apex (Fig. 1J), ovipositor sheath length 0.20 mm, glabrous, slightly protruding apex of metasoma (Fig. 1J).

Males (Figs 1K–R). Males differ in coloration from the female: lateral mesonotal lobes pale or dark brown (Figs 1M–N). Tergite II with a brown median area which is longer than wide (Figs 1Q–R); tergite III with a brown (Fig. 1Q) or yellow-brown area (Fig. 1R) anteriorly narrower than posteriorly; tergites IV brown but subapically with a thin transversal yellow apical band (Figs 1Q–R). The infuscate areas on hind legs are darker than in females (Fig. 1L). Antennae length = 5.0-5.2 mm, body length = 4.2-4.5 mm. Last antennal segment gradually narrowing at the apex. Tergite I, minimum width = 0.10 mm, maximum width = 0.22 mm, total length = 0.60-0.70 mm.

This species is named in honor of Dr. M. Alex Smith of the University of Guelph, Canada, in recognition of his decade of deep intellectual, laboratory and logistic support for the DNA barcoding of the parasitoid wasps and flies of ACG.

The species is only known from the original rain forest collection site, Sector Rincon Rain Forest, in Área de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. In 1999, ACG was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site containing the best-preserved and regenerating dry forest habitats from Central America to northern Mexico.

Wilkinsonellus alexsmithi has been reared from the leaf-roller Microthyris prolongalis, Crambidae (Figs 2A, C–D) three times, while feeding on the rain forest leaves of Ipomoea phillomega or sweet potatoes Ipomoea batatas (Convolvulaceae) (http://janzen.bio.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso). The larva of Microthyris prolongalis lives inside of the leaf roll that it constructs, eating leaf tissue there. It is therefore likely that oviposition takes place through the leaf into the moth larva. The wasp cocoon (Fig. 2B) is lightly silked to the inner wall of the leaf roll and the larva dies at about the time that the wasp larva exits the cadaver.

The last three antennal segments are missing from the holotype. Wilkinsonellus alexsmithi is a parasitoid of a crambid leaf roller larva, Microthyris prolongalis (Crambidae). In ACG, this moth larva feeds only on Convolvulaceae (410 rearing records, Janzen & Hallwachs 2009). Within the subfamily Microgastrinae besides Wilkinsonellus, members of two other genera, Apanteles and Diolcogaster, are parasitoids only on this species of moth. The taxonomic range of insect parasitoids that use Microthyris prolongalis as a host entails two insect orders, Hymenoptera and Diptera. Within Hymenoptera the chalcidoid family Encyrtidae (genus not reported), and two additional subfamilies of Braconidae, Orgilinae (Stantonia) and Agathidinae (Alabagrus maya) were reported; for the Diptera parasitoids, two genera of Tachinidae, Actia and Argyrophylax also parasitize this caterpillar (Janzen and Hallwachs 2009).

Type material. Holotype. Male, COLOMBIA Magdalena, PNN [Parque Nacional Natural] Tayrona Pueblito, lat 11.33333, long -74.03333, 225m, Malaise, 03-22.i.2001, R. Henriquez leg. M.1212. Paratype. 1 Male, COLOMBIA Chocó, PNN [Parque Nacional Natural] Utría, Cocalito, 6°1’N, 77°20’W, 20m, Malaise, 26.xii.2000–01.ii.2001, J. Pérez, Leg. M.1342. Holotype and paratype deposited in IAvH-E.

Eyes and ocelli silver (Figs 3A–D, F). Scutellar sulcus with five deep, heterogeneous and carinated foveae (Fig. 3E). Axillary trough of metanotum with a few striated grooves defined at least posteriorly (Fig. 3G). Body longer than fore wing (Fig. 3A).

Holotype male. Body length 4.30 (4.30-4.55 mm), fore wing length 4.15mm, hind wing length 3.59 mm.

Coloration (Figs 3A–L). General body dark yellow; all legs yellow, except hind leg: coxa infuscated at the apex forming a ventral, wide brown band; apex of trochanter, and trochantellus, base of tibia and tarsi brown (Fig. 3A). Scape and pedicel brown both with thin apical yellow ring. Flagellum dark brown. Eyes and ocelli silver (Figs 3A–D, F.) Tergite IV and beyond mostly brown, but subapically and subbasally with a transverse yellow band (Figs 3I, L). Membrane and microtrichiae of fore and hind wing infusctate (Figs 3J–K).

Head (Figs 3A–D). Scape slightly longer than wide (0.20:0.18 mm); pedicel wider than long (0.12:0.08 mm); first three flagellomeres subequal in length (0.32:0.30:0.34). Antennal scrobes smooth, dorsally carinate (Fig. 3B), positioned far above middle level of eyes (Figs 3C–D); median part between antennal scrobes with a short carina (Fig. 3B). Face with sparse, homogeneous and medium-sized punctures, interspaces wavy; face with a median-longitudinal carina running from antennal scrobes to fronto-clypeal suture (Fig. 3D). Distance between each anterior tentorial pit and closest inner compound eye margin longer than diameter of tentorial pit (0.10:0.06 mm) (Figs 3C–D); anterior tentorial pits far away from each other (0.26 mm) (Fig. 3C). Fronto-clypeal suture absent (Figs 3C–D). Mandible with two teeth, inferior tooth thinner and longer than superior (Fig. 3C). Suture malar present (Fig. 3D). Maxillary palps longer than labial palps (Fig. 3C). Distance between lateral ocellus and adjacent compound eye margin longer than diameter of lateral ocellus (0.11:0.08 mm) (Fig. 3B), distance between lateral ocelli equal to diameter of lateral ocellus (0.08:0.08 mm) (Fig. 3B). Vertex medially smooth, but laterally with some sparse and small punctuations. Occiput slightly concave with a median short grove basally.

Mesosoma (Figs 3A, E–G). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex (Figs 3A, F). Pronotum shiny, smooth, but curvature of pronotum with elongate areolae. Mesopleuron shiny, smooth medially, but margins lateral and ventro-lateral forming a L-shaped area which small, dense and homogeneous sculptures (Fig. 3F); mesopleuron just above of L-shape area with a dent with some large wave-like sculpturing. Mesosternum slightly flat with a deep row of deep foveae. Metepisternum and metepimeron outlined by a groove with several deep foveae throughout (Fig. 3F), metepisternum inverted triangular, smooth and narrower than metepimeron (Fig. 3F), apical margin metepisternum (above hindcoxa) delimited by a wide, flat carina (Fig. 3F). Mesoscutum as wide as head with small, dense, and homogenous sculptures. Notauli clearly impressed, but not reaching the transscutal articulation (Fig. 3E). Scutellar sulcus heterogeneous, with five deep, heterogeneous and carinated foveae (Figs 3E, G). Scutellum shiny, medially smooth, but with sparse fine punctures and surrounded by carina (Figs 3E, G). Axillary trough of scutellum with several homogeneous striated grooves (Fig. 3G). Axillary trough of metanotum with a few striated grooves defined at least posteriorly (Fig. 3G). Medioposterior band of scutellum slightly wider than lunule of scutellum both smooth and shiny (Fig. 3G). Medioposterior band of metanotum hexagonal and crossed by a median carina aligned with the median longitudinal carina of propodeum (Fig. 3G). Medioanteror pit of metanotum pentagonal-shape surrounded by carina (Fig. 3G). Posterior rim of metanotum thin, wavy and smooth (Fig. 3G). Propodeum with a complete median-longitudinal carina dividing in two halves, each half with one divergent carina wider as they go away from propodeal foramen, space among all carinae intercepted by transverse semicircular carinae (Fig. 3G).

Wings (Figs 3A, J–K). Fore wing with vein r length 0.26 mm slightly curved, arising beyond middle of pterostigma, arising just beyond middle of stigma (Fig. 3J); vein 2RS as same length as r (0.26:0.26 mm), but 2RS vein longer than 2M and (Rs+M) b veins (0.26:0.10:0.20 mm) (Fig. 3J). Hind wing with vannal lobe reduced, slightly convex; edge with sparse setae throughout (Fig. 3K). Costal and basal cells infuscate (Fig. 3K).

Legs (Figs 3A, H, L). Hind coxa very long, reaching apex of tergite III (Fig. 3H), outer dorsal surface of hind coxa delimited by a strong carina, area coarsely rugulose and with a short, strong basal carina (Fig. 3H); hind tibia with outer spur more than half as long as inner spur (0.40:0.66 mm), inner more than half as long as hind basitarsus (0.66:0.88 mm) (Fig. 3A), hindtibia and tarsi with spines throughout.

Metasoma (Figs 3A, H–I, L). Petiole of tergite I narrow (Fig. 2H), length 0.70 mm, distinctly constricted at upper middle (minimum width 0.09 mm) and wider subapically (maximum width 0.20 mm) with sculpturations, petiole with a deep groove extending more of two third of the tergite I length (Fig. 3H). Male genitalia externally visible (Fig. 3I).

Female. Unknown

From Kogui = jaguar in the Kogui language. The Kogui are indigenous in the Colombia Caribbean coast at the foot of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the highest coastal mountains in the world and not directly attached to the Andean mountain range.

Colombia, from PNN Tayrona and PNN Utría, both being marine ecosystems protected by the Colombian government and belonging to the National Natural systems. Tayrona is located on the Caribbean coast in Magdalena Department, whereas Utría is located on Colombia’s Pacific coast, in Chocó Department.

Unknown

Holotype lacks the last antennal flagellomeres. The specimens from Utría with antennae length = 4.8 mm, body length 4.3 mm. Last antennal flagellomere length = 0.35 mm, penultimate flagellomere antennae length = 0.30 mm. Male from Chocó shows hind legs with the same pattern of coloration but darker and Tergite VI and beyond with brown spots (Fig. 3L).

Type material. Holotype. Female, PANAMAProvincia Panamá, Distrito de Panamá, Las Cumbres. Malaise 20.i-02.ii.1982. M. Wolda. DNA Voucher CNCHYM03459. Specimen deposited in CNC.

Eyes and ocelli appearing reddish in preserved specimens (Figs 4A–D). Metasoma curve (Fig. 4J). Fore wing longer than body length. Vein 2M as long as (Rs+M) b. Scutellar sulcus with seven carinated foveae heterogeneous in size (Fig. 4G). Axillary trough of scutellum and axillary trough of metanotum both with complete parallel carinae (Fig. 4H).

Holotype female. Body length 4.18 mm, fore wing length 4.44 mm, hind wing length 3.43 mm.

Coloration (Figs 4A–J). General body dark yellow, except hind leg infuscated at the base and apex of tibia; hind coxa, trochanter and trochantellus with a narrow dorsal band (Fig. 4J). Hind tarsi completely brown (Fig. 4A). Scape half basal brown and half apical yellow (Fig. 4D). Pedicel brown with yellow apical ring (Fig. 4D). Flagellum brown (Fig. 4E), ocelli and eyes appearing reddish in preserved specimens (Figs 4A–D).

Head (Figs 4A–D). Antenna longer than body (4.44:4.18 mm); scape longer than wide (0.22:0.16 mm); pedicel wider than large (0.12:0.10 mm); first antennal flagellomeres sub-equal in length (0.34:0.32:0.32 mm); penultimate flagellomere as same length than apical segment (0.11:0.11mm); but with flat, abruptly acute in apex. Antennal scrobes smooth, far above middle level of eyes (Fig. 4D) and carinate dorsally (Fig. 4C), median part between antennal scrobes with a short carina (Fig. 4C). Face with small, sparse and homogeneous punctures, face with a median-longitudinal carina running from antennal scrobes to clypeus (Fig. 4D), fronto-clypeal suture absent (Fig. 4D). Distance between an anterior tentorial pit and inner compound eye margin equal to diameter of a tentorial pit (0.06:0.07 mm); anterior tentorial pits far away from each other (0.24 mm) (Fig. 4D). Mandible with two teeth, inferior tooth thinner and longer than superior. Maxillary palps longer than labial palps (Fig. 4D). Distance between lateral ocellus and adjacent compound eye margin sub-equal in length to the diameter of the lateral ocellus (0.09:0.10 mm), distance between lateral ocelli shorter than diameter of lateral ocellus (0.06:0.10 mm) (Fig. 4D). Vertex narrow, medially with a smooth area, but laterally with small and sparse punctuations. Occiput slightly concaved with a short grove medially.

Mesosoma (Figs 4A–B, G–H). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex (Figs 4A–B). Pronotum shiny, smooth, but curvature of pronotum with a deep grove. Mesopleuron convex, extended smooth except margins lateral and ventro-lateral that form a L-shaped region that possesses small, dense and homogeneous punctuations (Fig. 4B); mesopleuron with a deep dent just above of L-shaped area, demarcating the border of the area with elongate foveae (Fig. 4B). Mesosternum slightly flat with a median row of foveae. Metepisternum and metepimeron separated by a groove with several deep foveae throughout (Fig. 4B), metepisternum smooth and narrower than metepimeron, apical margin metepisternum just above hindcoxa outlined by a wide, flat carina (Fig. 4B). Mesoscutum as wide as head, with small, sparse and homogenous punctures. Notauli clearly impressed, but not reaching the transscutal articulation (Fig. 4G). Scutellar sulcus with seven deep, carinated foveae of heterogeneous size (Fig. 4G). Scutellum shiny with fine, sparse punctures and delimited by carina. Axillary trough of scutellum and axillary trough of metanotum both with vertical parallel carinae (Fig. 4H); space among ATM carinae wider than ATS carinae (Fig. 4H). Lunule of scutellum and medioposterior band of scutellum smooth and shiny (Fig. 4H). Medioposterior band of metanotum and medioanterior pit of metanotum forming a pentagonal-shaped delimited by carinae (Fig. 4H). Posterior rim of metanotum thin and smooth (Fig. 4H). Propodeum with a complete median-longitudinal carina dividing the propodeum in two halves, each half with one additional carina that does not branch basally at the same point than median-longitudinal carina (Figs 4H–I); space between median and an additional carina wider as they become more distant from propodeal foramen (Figs 4H–I), and all three carinae crossed by transverse semicircular carinae, although apically less transverse carinae than basally.

Wings (Fig. 4A). Fore wing with vein r straight (0.27 mm), arising just beyond middle of stigma; vein 2RS longer than 2M and (Rs+M) b veins (0.24:0.10:0.10 mm). Hind wing with vannal lobe reduced, slightly convex; edge with sparse setae throughout. Costal and basal cell infuscate.

Legs (Figs 4A, F, I–J). Hind coxa reaching apex of tergite III (Fig. 4I), outer dorsal surface of hind coxa with an area delimited by a strong longitudinal carina running from base to apex, but last third apically the carina turns inward (Fig. 4I); area surrounded by the carina with rugulose punctuations that are more visible in dorsal view, and with an additional basal carina which splits and runs only the first third basally (Fig. 4I); hind tibia with outer spur half as long as inner spur (0.36:0.72 mm); inner spur more than half as long as hind basitarsus (0.72:0.92 mm) (Fig. 4F); outer dorsal side of hind tibia moderately spinose (Fig. 4F).

Metasoma (Figs 4A, I–J). Petiole of tergite I narrow (Fig. 4I), length 0.52 mm, distinctly constricted at anterior half (minimum width 0.10 mm), but subapically wider (maximum width 0.26 mm); petiole with a deep groove extending more of two thirds tergite I length (Fig. 4I); hypopygium not protruding beyond apex of metasoma (Fig. 4J), hypopygium plate with truncate apex (Fig. 4J); ovipositor sheaths length 0.36mm, glabrous, with apex rounded protruding apex of metasoma (Fig. 4A, J)

Males. Unknown.

The name is based on the country of Panamá, where the holotype was collected.

The species is only known from the original collecting site in Panamá.

Unknown.