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Research Article
A new species of the genus Deinodryinus Perkins (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from the USA
expand article infoStefano Speranza‡, Massimo Olmi§, Adalgisa Guglielmino‡, Mario Contarini‡
‡ University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
§ Tropical Entomology Research Center, Viterbo, Italy

Corresponding author: Adalgisa Guglielmino ( guglielm@unitus.it )

Academic editor: Michael Ohl
© 2018 Stefano Speranza, Massimo Olmi, Adalgisa Guglielmino, Mario Contarini.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Speranza S, Olmi M, Guglielmino A, Contarini M (2018) A new species of the genus Deinodryinus Perkins (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from the USA. ZooKeys 809: 31-39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.30647
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:453BD4A0-1DEE-4490-84FB-6BAA780B8B6E
Open Access

Abstract

A new species of Deinodryinus Perkins, 1907, is described from the USA, Texas: D. bimaculatus sp. n. Morphologically the new species is similar to D. masneri (Olmi, 1984), but it is distinguished by the head lacking a frontal line and the forewing crossed by two dark transverse bands; in D. masneri the head shows a conspicuous frontal line and the forewing is hyaline and without dark transverse bands.

Keywords

Chrysidoidea , Anteoninae , Texas, Buescher State Park, Deinodryinus bimaculatus , Deinodryinus masneri , taxonomy, key

Introduction

Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) are parasitoids and often also predators of leafhoppers, planthoppers and treehoppers (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha) (Guglielmino et al. 2013). They comprise 16 subfamilies, 50 genera and more than 1800 world species (Olmi and Xu 2015; Tribull 2015).

One of the most common genera of this family is Deinodryinus Perkins, 1907, belonging to the subfamily Anteoninae. Deinodryinus species are parasitoids of leafhoppers belonging to the Cicadellidae (Guglielmino et al. 2013; Olmi and Virla 2014; Olmi and Xu 2015). As in almost all dryinids, females of Deinodryinus have a chelate protarsus. Chelae are used to capture and restrain the host during oviposition and host feeding (Olmi 1984, 1994).

According to Olmi (1984, 1987), in the Nearctic region, the genus Deinodryinus includes four species. In 2017 the authors examined a further new species collected in Texas. It is described below.

Material and methods

The description follows the terminology used by Olmi (1984), Guglielmino et al. (2017b, 2018) and Olmi and Virla (2014). The measurements reported are relative, except for the total length (head to abdominal tip, without the antennae), which is expressed in millimeters. In the descriptions, POL is the distance between the inner edges of the lateral ocelli; OL is the distance between the inner edges of a lateral ocellus and the median ocellus; OOL is the distance from the outer edge of a lateral ocellus to the compound eye; OPL is the distance from the posterior edge of a lateral ocellus to the occipital carina; TL is the distance from the posterior edge of an eye to the occipital carina.

The term “metapectal-propodeal complex” is here used in the sense of Kawada et al. (2015). It corresponds to the term “metathorax + propodeum” sensu Olmi (1984), Xu et al. (2013), Olmi and Virla (2014) and Olmi and Xu (2015). The terms “metapostnotum” and “first abdominal tergum” sensu Kawada et al. (2015), used here, correspond to the terms “dorsal surface of propodeum” and “posterior surface of propodeum”, sensuOlmi (1984), Xu et al. (2013), Olmi and Virla (2014) and Olmi and Xu (2015).

The types of all Nearctic species of Deinodryinus were examined. The material studied in this paper is deposited in the collection of the Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA (TAMU).

The description of the new species is based on the study of only a single specimen. The authors are aware that descriptions of new taxa should normally be based on more individuals. However, Dryinidae are so rare that it is uncommon to collect more than one specimen of each species. In addition, on the basis of the experience and knowledge of the authors, the new species is sufficiently delimited by unique characters to justify its description.

Results

Deinodryinus Perkins, 1907

Deinodryinus Perkins, 1907: 45.

Type species

Deinodryinus paradoxus Perkins, 1907, designated by Muesebeck and Walkley (1951).

Diagnosis

Female (Fig. 1): Macropterous or micropterous; palpal formula 6/3; occipital carina complete; vertex of head frequently with two strong oblique keels connecting posterior ocelli to occipital carina; pronotum with distinct anterior collar and posterior disc; in macropterous females forewing usually with distal part of stigmal vein longer than proximal part, less frequently as long as, or shorter than proximal part; enlarged claw with inner proximal prominence not bearing bristles, with one or two bristles or peg-like hairs located further distally than proximal prominence; tibial spurs 1/1/2. Male: Macropterous (even with micropterous female); palpal formula 6/3; vertex of head frequently with two strong oblique keels connecting posterior ocelli to occipital carina; antennal hairs usually much longer than breadth of segments, less frequently shorter than breadth of segments; forewing usually with distal part of stigmal vein longer than proximal part, less frequently as long as, or shorter than proximal part; forewing usually with pterostigma four, or more than four, times as long as broad; paramere without dorsal process, usually with one more-or-less large inner branch wrapping penis, less frequently with one reduced inner branch; tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Figure 1. 

Deinodryinus atriventris (Cresson), female from Ohio, Columbus: A habitus in dorsal view B head and mesosoma in dorsal view C head and mesosoma in lateral view D metapectal-propodeal complex in dorsal view E head in frontal view F forewing.

Deinodryinus bimaculatus sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/229725A4-497A-40D7-AE11-3ED7BCE6D7AB
Fig. 2

Diagnosis

Female with head not provided with two oblique keels connecting posterior ocelli to occipital carina (Fig. 2B); head without frontal line (Fig. 2B); forewing with two dark transverse bands (Fig. 2C); metapectal-propodeal complex strongly reticulate rugose, mainly on metapostnotum (Fig. 2D).

Figure 2. 

Deinodryinus bimaculatus sp. n., female holotype: A habitus in dorsal view B head, pronotum and mesoscutum in dorsal view C habitus in lateral view D metapectal-propodeal complex in dorsal view. Scale bars: 2.09 mm (A), 0.95 mm (B), 1.50 mm (C), 0.99 mm (D).

Description

Female. Fully winged (Fig. 2). Length 2.4 mm. Head black, except mandible, clypeus and gena testaceous. Antenna testaceous, except antennomere 10 slightly darkened. Mesosoma black, except anterior, posterior and lateral margins of pronotum testaceous. Metasoma brown. Legs testaceous, except metacoxa partly brown, club of metafemur and metatibia with brown spot. Antenna clavate. Antennomeres in following proportions: 9:5:10:7:5:5:5:5:5:6. Head dull, granulate (Fig. 2B). Frontal line absent. Occipital carina complete. Head without oblique keels connecting posterior ocelli to occipital carina (Fig. 2B). POL = 3; OL = 3; OOL = 5; OPL = 6; TL = 6. Greatest breadth of lateral ocelli shorter than OPL (2:6). Pronotum shiny, punctate, unsculptured among punctures, sculptured by many transverse striae, with posterior surface about as long as mesoscutum. Mesoscutum shiny, very slightly granulate, mainly on lateral regions. Notauli incomplete (Fig. 2B), reaching approximately 0.6 × length of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum and metanotum shiny, unsculptured. Metapectal-propodeal complex dull, reticulate rugose and granulate, without transverse or longitudinal keels (Fig. 2D). Metapostnotum and first abdominal tergum not separated by transverse keel. Forewing hyaline, with two dark transverse bands (Fig. 2D). Distal part of stigmal vein longer than proximal part (8:6). Protarsomeres in following proportions: 7:3:4:10:18. Enlarged claw (Fig. 3) with one bristle situated further distally than proximal prominence. Protarsomere 5 (Fig. 3) with two rows of about 46 lamellae and distal apex provided with approximately six lamellae, among which one much longer than others. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Figure 3. 

Deinodryinus bimaculatus sp. n., female holotype: A chela B Deinodryinus masneri (Olmi), female from California, Tulare Co., Clough’s Cave; chela. Scale bars: 0.08 mm (A), 0.12 mm (B).

Male. Unknown.

Material examined

Holotype: female, USA: Texas, Bastrop Co., Buescher State Park, 29.iv–10.v.1990, R. Wharton leg. (TAMU).

Hosts

Unknown.

Distribution

USA (Texas).

Etymology

The species is named bimaculatus (adjective formed by the prefix “bi-“ meaning “two” + the Latin adjective “maculatus”, meaning “spotted”), because its forewing shows two dark transverse bands.

Remarks

On the basis of the morphological characters indicated in the above diagnosis, D. bimaculatus is similar to D. masneri (Olmi, 1984), but it differs because the head has no frontal line (frontal line present in D. masneri) and the forewing has two dark transverse bands (no dark bands in D. masneri). Following the description of the new species, the key to the females of Nearctic Deinodryinus published by Olmi (1984) can be revised as follows:

1 Metapectal-propodeal complex strongly reticulate rugose, mainly on metapostnotum (Figs 1D, 2D) 2
– Metapectal-propodeal complex not reticulate rugose; metapostnotum surface mainly smooth, except some slight irregular keels (Fig. 4A) 4
2 Vertex of head with two complete keels connecting posterior ocelli to occipital carina (Fig. 4B); occasionally keels incomplete (Fig. 1B) D. atriventris (Cresson)
– Vertex of head without two oblique keels connecting posterior ocelli to occipital carina (Fig. 2B) 3
3 Head with frontal line; forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands D. masneri (Olmi)
– Head without frontal line (Fig. 2B); forewing with two dark transverse bands (Fig. 2C) D. bimaculatus sp. n.
4 Face mostly smooth, except few irregular keels near clypeus D. quercicolus Perkins
– Face completely sculptured by irregular keels (Fig. 4C) D. paradoxus Perkins

Conclusion

Olmi (1984, 1987) listed in the Nearctic region the following four species of Deinodryinus: D. atriventris (Cresson, 1872), known from Canada, Mexico and USA; D. masneri (Olmi, 1984), D. paradoxus Perkins, 1907, and D. quercicolus Perkins, 1907, known from Mexico and USA. Following the above description, D. bimaculatus sp. n., from Texas, is added to the previous lists.

The genus Deinodryinus comprises now 163 species (including the new species hereby described), recorded in all the zoogeographic regions, except Antarctica. In the Neotropical region, 112 species are known (Olmi and Virla 2014). In the other regions the number of known species is fewer: nine species in the Oriental region (Xu et al. 2013), seven species in the Palaearctic region (unpublished data), 28 species in the Afrotropical region (unpublished data), two species in the Australian region (Olmi 1991); and five species in the Nearctic region (according to the present paper).

The most common Nearctic species of Deinodryinus is D. atriventris. One of the authors (MO) reared this species in 2002 in New York state (surroundings of Geneva, Ontario Co.) from Gyponana cacumina DeLong and Gyponana lamina DeLong (Cicadellidae, Gyponinae), well known vectors of phytoplasmas (Hill and Sinclair 2000) (New host record; no other hosts are known). The hosts of other Nearctic species of Deinodryinus are unknown (Guglielmino et al. 2013). Records of hosts in the genus Deinodryinus are very rare. Previously, the unique records were those of Guglielmino et al. (2013, 2017a). They quoted the following hosts: in Italy, Laburrus quadratus (Forel) (Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) as host of Deinodryinus hispanicus (Olmi, 1991); in South Africa, Colistra parvulus (Linnavuori) (Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) as host of Deinodryinus danielssoni Olmi, 1998; in Namibia, Aconurella compta (Naudé), Exitianus nanus (Distant) and Exitianus okahandia Ross (Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) as hosts of Deinodryinus paulyi (Olmi, 1987).

Figure 4. 

Deinodryinus paradoxus Perkins: female from Arizona, Madera Canyon: A mesosoma in dorsal view C head in dorsal view. Deinodryinus atriventris (Cresson), female from Kentucky, Herndon Farm: B head in dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.84 mm (A), 0.61 mm (B), 0.59 mm (C).

Acknowledgements

Many thanks to Prof. James B. Woolley and Dr Karen Wright (Texas A&M University, College Station, USA) for the loan of the specimen described in the present paper. The authors are very grateful to Prof. Maurizio Biondi (University of L’Aquila, Italy) for the multifocal pictures of the new species. Many thanks to Dr. Huayan Chen (Ohio State University) for permission to publish his photos of Deinodryinus atriventris (Fig. 1). The authors are grateful to Dr. Clayton Corréa Gonçalves (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas de Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil) for the identifications of Gyponana species hosts of Deinodryinus atriventris. Many thanks to Mr. Massimo Vollaro (University of Tuscia, Viterbo) for his photos of Deinodryinus atriventris and paradoxus (Fig. 4) and Prof. James B. Woolley for his review of the English language of the present paper. We thank two anonymous referees and the subject editor Michael Ohl for their valuable comments and suggestions. This research was carried out in the frame of the MIUR (Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research) initiative “Department of excellence” (Law 232/2016) and partially supported by the European Commission under the Grant Agreement number 774571 (project PANTHEON – "Precision farming of hazelnut orchards").

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