Research Article |
Corresponding author: Zhiyan Wu ( zhivan@mail.mail ) Corresponding author: Chuntian Zhang ( chuntianzhang@aliyun.com ) Corresponding author: Shuqiang Li ( lisq@ioz.ac.cn ) Academic editor: Facundo Martín Labarque
© 2018 Bing Li, Zhe Zhao, Haifeng Chen, Zhiyan Wu, Chuntian Zhang, Shuqiang Li.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Li B, Zhao Z, Chen H, Wu Z, Zhang C, Li S (2018) Guilotes, a new genus of Coelotinae spiders from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (Araneae, Agelenidae). ZooKeys 802: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.802.29913
|
A new genus of the subfamily Coelotinae F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893, Guilotes Z. Zhao & S. Li, gen. n. from China is described, as well as four new species: G. ludiensis Z. Zhao & S. Li, sp. n. (♂♀, type species), G. qingshitanensis Z. Zhao & S. Li, sp. n. (♂♀), G. xingpingensis Z. Zhao & S. Li, sp. n. (♂♀) and G. yandongensis Z. Zhao & S. Li, sp. n. (♀). The DNA barcodes of all species are documented for future use.
Asia, barcodes, new species, taxonomy
The spider subfamily Coelotinae (Araneae, Agelenidae) comprises 743 valid species belonging to 30 genera (
In this study, Guilotes Z. Zhao & S. Li, gen. n. is proposed to include four new species. The new genus was confirmed by the phylogenetic framework of coelotine spiders (
Specimens were examined with a LEICA M205C stereomicroscope. Photographs were captured with an Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera (7.1 megapixels) mounted either on an Olympus SZX12 dissecting microscope or on an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Photos from multiple focal ranges were combined using Helicon Focus (Version 3.10) photo stacking software. Female epigyne and male palp were dissected form the body to be proper examined. The epigyne was removed and treated in a warmed 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution before study. Measurements were obtained with a LEICA M205C stereomicroscope and are given in millimeters. Eye diameters were measured as the maximum diameter from either dorsal or frontal views. Leg measurements are given as: total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Images of the male left palp are presented. Terminology of the structures follows
References to figures in the cited papers are listed in lowercase (figure or figs); figures from this paper are noted with an initial capital (Figure or Figs). Abbreviations used in the text and figures:
A epigynal atrium;
ALE anterior lateral eye;
ALE–PLE distance between ALE and PLE;
AME anterior median eye;
AME–ALE distance between AME and ALE;
AME–AME distance between AME and AME;
AME – PME distance between AME and PME;
C conductor;
CD copulatory duct;
CF cymbial furrow;
CO copulatory opening;
E embolus;
EB embolic base;
ET epigynal tooth;
FD fertilization duct;
LC lamella of conductor;
LTA lateral tibial apophysis;
MA median apophysis;
OC outgrowth of conductor;
PA patellar apophysis;
PLE posterior lateral eye;
PME posterior median eye;
PME–PLE distance between PME and PLE;
PME–PME distance between PME and PME;
RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis;
S spermatheca;
SB spermathecal base;
SH spermathecal head;
ST subtegulum;
T tegulum;
TS tegular sclerite.
DNA barcodes were also obtained for the species delimitation and matching. A partial fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (CO1) gene was amplified and sequenced for all species using the primers LCO1490-oono (5’-CWACAAAYCATARRGATATTGG-3’) and C1-N-2776 (5’-GGATAATCAGAATANCGNCGAGG-3’). For additional information on extraction, amplification and sequencing procedures, see
Guilotes species | Voucher code | GenBank accession number | Sequence length | Collection localities |
---|---|---|---|---|
G. ludiensis sp. n. | IZCAS-Ar34051(zz391) | KY778823 | 1194bp | Guilin City, Guangxi, China |
G. qingshitanensis sp. n. | IZCAS-Ar34059(zz892) | KY778825 | 1194bp | Guilin City, Guangxi, China |
G. xingpingensis sp. n. | IZCAS-Ar34067(zz890) | KY778824 | 1194bp | Guilin City, Guangxi, China |
G. yandongensis sp. n. | IZCAS-Ar34075(zz392) | KY778813 | 1194bp | Baise City, Guangxi, China |
Guilotes ludiensis Z. Zhao & S. Li, sp. n.
The generic name is derived from the pinyin word “Gui”, referring to the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Gui is a short name for Guangxi) where the genus is distributed, and “-lotes” as part of Notiocoelotes, which is similar to the new genus. The gender is masculine.
The males of the genus Guilotes are similar to those of the genus Notiocoelotes by cymbial furrow long (Figs
Medium sized spiders, with total length 4.17–8.66. Carapace yellowish brown; cephalic area, labium, endites and sternum brown; chelicerae dark brown (Figs
All species of this genus were collected from moist caves with soluble rock.
The new genus was supported as monophyletic within the Guangxi Coelotes group (
The divergence time analyses showed the split of Guilotes gen. n. and other close related clades early than 30 million years ago (
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (Figure
Holotype ♂ (IZCAS-Ar34050): China: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Guilin City: Ludi Cave, 25°18.551'N, 110°15.822'E, elevation: 200 m, 6.XII.2015, Z. Chen and X. Zhang leg. Paratypes: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar34051, zz391, KY778823), same cave as holotype, 25°18.505'N, 110°15.793'E, elevation: 200 m, 9.XII.2012, Z. Chen and Z. Zhao leg.; 1♂3♀♀ (IZCAS-Ar34052–Ar34055), same data as holotype; 2♀♀ (IZCAS-Ar34056, Ar34057), same cave as the holotype, 25°18.237'N, 110°16.218'E, elevation: 150 ± 3 m, 5–6.I.2018, Z. Chen leg.
The specific name is an adjective and refers to the type locality, Ludi Cave.
Males of Guilotes ludiensis sp. n. can be distinguished from G. xingpingensis sp. n. with the long patellar apophysis, wide lateral tibial apophysis (Figs
Male (holotype, IZCAS-Ar34050): Total length 5.94. Carapace 3.56 long, 2.77 wide. Abdomen 2.38 long, 1.78 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME: 0.08, ALE: 0.16, PME: 0.15, PLE: 0.15; AME–AME: 0.04, AME–ALE: 0.03, AME–PME: 0.10, ALE–PLE: 0.02, PME–PME: 0.05, PME–PLE: 0.05. Leg measurements: I: 11.22 (3.96, 3.26, 2.60, 1.40); II: 10.51 (3.61, 3.36, 2.18, 1.36); III: 10.01 (3.39, 3.05, 2.38, 1.19); IV: 12.41 (4.17, 3.68, 3.17, 1.39). Chelicerae with five promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. Palp: patellar apophysis finger-shaped, its length shorter than width of patella (Figure
Female (one of the paratypes, IZCAS-Ar34053): Total length 5.54. Carapace 2.57 long, 1.44 wide. Abdomen 2.97 long, 2.08 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME: 0.05, ALE: 0.12, PME: 0.10, PLE: 0.11; AME–AME: 0.06, AME–ALE: 0.03, AME–PME: 0.08, ALE–PLE: 0.05, PME–PME: 0.08, PME–PLE: 0.07. Leg measurements: I: 7.08 (2.59, 2.21, 1.42, 0.86); II: 6.13 (2.06, 1.80, 1.46, 0.81); III: 5.52 (2.01, 1.61, 1.21, 0.69); IV: 7.66 (2.79, 2.41, 1.61, 0.85). Chelicerae with six promarginal and five or six retromarginal teeth. Epigyne: teeth short, less than 1/2 atrial length, located near the atrial lateral margins (Figure
Total length: males 5.94–6.53 (n = 2); females 5.54–7.13 (n = 6).
Males and females of this species were collected from Ludi Cave, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (Figure
Holotype ♂ (IZCAS-Ar34058): China: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Guilin City: Lingchuan County, Qingshitan Town, Yanbei Village, Yanbei Cave, 25°30.622'N, 110°14.969'E, elevation: 173 m, 7.XII.2015, X. Zhang and Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar34059, zz892, KY778825), same cave as holotype, 25°31.137'N, 110°14.908'E, elevation: 173 m, 21.XII.2013, H. Zhao leg.; 1♂2♀♀ (IZCAS-Ar34060–Ar34062), same data as holotype; 2♂♂2♀♀ (IZCAS-Ar34063–Ar34066), same cave as holotype, 25°31.607'N, 110°14.967'E, elevation: 201 ± 4 m, 3.I.2018, Z. Chen leg.
The specific name is an adjective and refers to the type locality, Qingshitan Town.
Males of Guilotes qingshitanensis sp. n. differ from G. ludiensis sp. n. and G. xingpingensis sp. n. by long and bent conductor and OC (Figure
Male (holotype, IZCAS-Ar34058): Total length 6.92. Carapace 3.53 long, 2.51 wide. Abdomen 3.39 long, 2.01 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME: 0.08, ALE: 0.15, PME: 0.14, PLE: 0.16; AME–AME: 0.06, AME–ALE: 0.05, AME–PME: 0.08, ALE–PLE: 0.04, PME–PME: 0.10, PME–PLE: 0.10. Leg measurements: I: 12.64 (4.96, 3.65, 2.25, 1.78); II: 11.08 (4.22, 3.21, 2.24, 1.41); III: 9.69 (3.85, 2.56, 2.44, 0.84); IV: 14.02 (5.02, 3.97, 3.43, 1.60). Chelicerae with six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. Palp: patellar apophysis finger-shaped, its length subequal to width of patella (Figure
Female (one of the paratypes, IZCAS-Ar34061): Total length 7.82. Carapace 3.53 long, 2.35 wide. Abdomen 4.29 long, 3.01 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME: 0.09, ALE: 0.16, PME: 0.16, PLE: 0.15; AME–AME: 0.08, AME–ALE: 0.05, AME–PME: 0.08, ALE–PLE: 0.04, PME–PME: 0.10, PME–PLE: 0.09. Leg measurements: I: 9.74 (2.69, 3.27, 2.24, 1.54); II: 8.71 (2.82, 2.69, 1.92, 1.28); III: 8.14 (2.69, 2.37, 1.99, 1.09); IV: 10.97 (3.08, 3.53, 3.01, 1.35). Chelicerae with five or six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. Epigyne: teeth absent (Figure
Total length: males 6.92–7.69 (n = 4); females 5.54–7.13 (n = 5).
Males and females of this species were collected from Yanbei Cave, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (Figure
Holotype ♂ (IZCAS-Ar34067, zz890, KY778824): China: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Guilin City: Yangshuo County, Xingping Town, Luotian Village, Luotian Cave, 24°56.731'N, 110°31.459'E, elevation: 217 m, 17.XII.2013, H. Zhao leg. Paratypes: 3♂♂4♀♀ (IZCAS-Ar34068–Ar34074), same cave as holotype, elevation: 241 m, 8.XII.2015, X. Zhang and Z. Chen leg.
The specific name is an adjective and refers to the type locality, Xingping Town.
Males of Guilotes xingpingensis sp. n. differ from G. ludiensis sp. n. by the patellar apophysis short, lateral tibial apophysis narrow, conductor wide with flat outgrowth and small lamella (Figure
Male (holotype, IZCAS-Ar34067): Total length 5.03. Carapace 2.65 long, 1.75 wide. Abdomen 2.38 long, 1.56 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME: 0.06, ALE: 0.13, PME: 0.12, PLE: 0.13; AME–AME: 0.07, AME–ALE: 0.06, AME–PME: 0.08, ALE–PLE: 0.02, PME–PME: 0.10, PME–PLE: 0.11. Leg measurements: I: 9.68 (3.28, 2.97, 2.09, 1.34); II: 7.84 (2.56, 2.31, 1.88, 1.09); III: 7.32 (2.56, 1.94, 1.88, 0.94); IV: 10.20 (3.44, 2.97, 2.66, 1.13). Chelicerae with six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. Palp: patellar apophysis short, its length approximately half length of patella, finger-shaped (Figure
Female (one of the paratype, IZCAS-Ar34071): Total length 6.99. Carapace 3.21 long, 2.24 wide. Abdomen 3.78 long, 2.44 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME: 0.06, ALE: 0.12, PME: 0.11, PLE: 0.12; AME–AME: 0.07, AME–ALE: 0.04, AME–PME: 0.08, ALE–PLE: 0.04, PME–PME: 0.09, PME–PLE: 0.09. Leg measurements: I: 9.55 (3.72, 2.56, 2.12, 1.15); II: 8.49 (3.72, 2.28, 1.53, 0.96); III: 7.89 (3.09, 2.12, 1.73, 0.95); IV: 10.71 (4.11, 3.14, 2.05, 1.41). Chelicerae with five promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. Epigyne: teeth short, about 1/4 atrial length, located near the atrial lateral margins (Figure
Total length: males 4.17–6.41 (n = 4); females 4.40–6.99 (n = 4).
Males and females of this species were collected from Luotian Cave, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (Figure
Holotype ♀ (IZCAS-Ar34075, zz392, KY778813): China: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: Baise City: Debao County, Yandong Town, Xingwang Village, Podi Cave, 23°14.268'N, 110°14.597'E, elevation: 632 m, 9.XII.2012, Z. Zhao and Z. Chen leg. Paratypes: 2♀♀ (IZCAS-Ar34076, Ar34077), same cave as holotype, 11.XII.2015, X. Zhang and Z. Chen leg.
The specific name is an adjective and refers to the type locality, Podi Cave.
Females of Guilotes yandongensis sp. n. can be differ from G. qingshitanensis sp. n. by having the epigynal teeth (Figure
Female (holotype, IZCAS-Ar34075): Total length 5.77. Carapace 2.51 long, 1.61 wide. Abdomen 3.26 long, 2.05 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME: 0.08, ALE: 0.12, PME: 0.12, PLE: 0.12; AME–AME: 0.04, AME–ALE: 0.04, AME–PME: 0.08, ALE–PLE: 0.05, PME–PME: 0.09, PME–PLE: 0.07. Leg measurements: I: 7.49 (2.81, 2.34, 1.25, 1.09); II: 7.11 (2.67, 2.03, 1.38, 1.03); III: 6.32 (2.19, 1.88, 1.47, 0.78); IV: 8.65 (2.81, 2.59, 2.19, 1.06). Chelicerae with four promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. Epigyne: teeth short, subequal to 1/3 atrial length, located far from the atrial lateral margins (Figure
Total length: females 5.77–8.85 (n=3).
The manuscript benefitted greatly from comments by Facundo Martín Labarque, Lina Maria Almeida-Silva and Daniele Polotow; Sarah Crews kindly checked English of the manuscript. This study was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China to Zhe Zhao (NSFC–31772418), Chuntian Zhang (NSFC–31750002), and Shuqiang Li (NSFC–31530067, 31471960).