This species is named after the first author’s son, Asa Hart Hunting, who was born in Taiwan while collecting material for this work. Both specimens of this species were collected at the same locality that we took him for his first collecting trip when he was two weeks old.

Holotype (male) labeled “Holotype” [circular, ringed with red]; “TAIWAN: Taichung Co./Heping Township, Xueshan/Rd. km 32.5, Dasyueshan/Nat. For. Rec. Area/24.2315N, 120.9784E”; “bridge lights, Acc. Ti-81b/May 9, 2011, 2000 m/Coll. W. M. Hunting”; “NCHU# 101731”. Paratype (Male) labeled: “Paratype” [circular, ringed with yellow]”; “TAIWAN: Taichung Co./Heping Township, Xueshan/Rd. km 34, Dasyueshan/Nat. For. Rec. Area/24.2383N, 120.9779E”; “u.v. light, Acc. Ti-81c/ May 9, 2011, 2030 m/Coll. W. M. Hunting”; NCHU# 101732.

Taiwan: Taichung county, Heping township, Dasyueshan National Forest Recreation Area.

Specimens of this species are easily distinguished from all other described species by a combination of the almost flat elytral intervals, except interval 6 which is carinate on the inside margin; and distinctly flat striae.

OBL 8.75 – 8.83 mm. Length (two males): head 0.88 – 0.90, pronotum 1.28 –1.30, elytra 5.00 – 5.08, metepisternum 1.28 – 1.32 mm; width: head 2.08 – 2.12, pronotum 0.08, elytra 3.16 – 3.33, metepisternum 0.64 mm.

Body proportions. HW/HL 2.36 – 2.37; PWM/PL 1.54 – 1.56; EL/EW 1.53 – 1.58; ML/MW 2.00 – 2.06.

Color. Fig. 21. Dorsum of head and clypeus dark metallic green; labrum, antennae and palpi rufo-brunneous; disc of pronotum dark metallic green; elytral disc dark metallic green; ventral surface rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous; legs with trochanter, femora and tibia rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous.

Figure 21. 

Dorsal habitus and color pattern of Catascopus (s. str.) asaharti sp. n. (OBL 8.75 mm).

Microsculpture. Dorsum of head and pronotum with microsculpture isodiametric, faintly visible in patches at 50× magnification; elytra with faintly visible, +/- isodiametric sculpticells; ventral surface of head and majority of body with microsculpture not visible at 50×; epipleuron of elytra and portions of abdominal sternum IV with faint, +/- isodiametric sculpticells.

Macrosculpture. Dorsum of head, clypeus and pronotum disc with very fine, randomly scattered setigerous punctures, setae almost not visible in side view, at 50×; pronotum with anterior transverse impression very shallow; elytra with interval 7 carinate on inside margin nearest to stria 6, from just behind base to 5/6 of the elytra length; carinate the entire length; all other intervals distinctly flat, with very fine, randomly scattered, setigerous punctures throughout; striae faintly impressed, more visible due to being evenly punctate along length. Ventrally with very fine, randomly scattered setigerous punctures.

Fixed setae. Pronotum with two pairs of setae, one at base of lateral margin and one on lateral margin at pronotum max width; elytra with one seta at basal quarter of interval 3, one seta in interval 3 just beyond mid-length, one seta in apical quarter of interval 3; femur of meso-leg with several moderately long seta on dorsal surface and two long setae ventrally in males.

Luster. Glossy.

Head. Fig. 23A.

Pronotum. Anterior transverse impression shallow; posterior transverse impression deep, median longitudinal impression moderately deep; lateral margins constricted just before mid-way toward apex, becoming parallel at ¾ length; posterio-lateral margins almost right-angled.

Metepisternum. Elongate, at least 2× longer than wide.

Male genitalia. Fig. 22A–D. Length 1.52 mm. Phallus width consistant along length; apical area, short with rounded point at apex; endophallus moderately long, with distinctive widening from base to apex.

Figure 22. 

Digital images of male genitalia of Catascopus (s. str.) asaharti sp. n. A ventral aspect, endophallus everted B right lateral aspect C ventral aspect D left lateral aspect.

Figure 23. 

Line drawings comparing mandible form of A Catascopus (s. str.) asaharti sp. n. BCatascopus (Catascopoides) horni Jedlička. Legend: lbr labrum; mnd mandible. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Female genitalia. Unknown

The known elevation of C. asaharti sp. n. is 2000 meters. Adults of this species are found in mixed forest of montane areas. Little is known of the habits of this species. Adults are crepuscular or nocturnal and both specimens of the species were collected on a single night in the month of May. One was collected from a u.v. light sheet and the other was collected from a bridge light approximately one kilometer away. During a three-year period, more than 60 collection times did not reveal any more specimens.

Catascopus asaharti is only known from Taiwan. See Figure 35.

Six specimens of C. ignicinctus, two males and four females. For further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.

Japan: “Yuyama and Konose”.

Catascopus aequatus was previously recorded from Taiwan (Kano 1930; Miwa 1931) but is not present and was likely mistaken for C. ignicinctus, which is present in Taiwan and similar in general form but easily distinguished from C. aequatus by the smoothly rounded elytral apices (C. aequatus having distinctive spines).

Specimens of this species are easily distinguished from other species of Taiwanese Catascopus by the typically metallic purple dorsal coloration and having both intervals 5 and 7 with broadly convex to carinate portions along the length of the elytra.

OBL 10.5 – 12.83 mm. Length (two males, four females): head 1.08 – 1.32, pronotum, 1.80 – 2.04, elytra 6.50 – 7.20, metepisternum 1.80 – 1.52 mm; width: head 2.44 – 2.88, pronotum 2.36 – 2.76, elytra 4.00 – 4.33, metepisternum 0.64 – 0.88 mm.

Body proportions. HW/HL 2.09 – 2.57; PWM/PL 1.29 – 1.41; EL/EW 1.50 – 1.65; ML/MW 2.00 – 2.65.

Color. Various. Fig. 24A, B. Dorsum of head metallic purple to almost black, rarely metallic green (see Green morph below); clypeus and labrum rufo-brunneous to piceous; antennae with segments 1–4 rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous, segments 5–11 rufo-piceous to rufo-testaceous; palpi rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous; disc of pronotum metallic purple, margins metallic purple-piceous with faint cupreous margin, median longitudinal impression faintly cupreous along length; elytral disc metallic purple, margins (from interval 7) and outside margin of elytral suture cupreous; proepipleuron, prosternum and elytral epipleura rufo-piceous to piceous; thoracic sclerites rufo-piceous to piceous; abdominal sterna rufo-brunneous to piceous; legs with trochanter, femora and tibia rufo-piceous.

Figure 24. 

Dorsal habitus and color pattern of Catascopus (s. str.) ignicinctus Bates. A common purple metallic morph (OBL 10.85 mm) B live image of green color morph.

Green morph. The green morph of this species is identical in all characters except coloration of head, dorsum of pronotum, and disc of elytra are all metallic green.

Microsculpture. Dorsum of head with microsculpture faintly visible at 50× magnification, isodiametric; pronotum with transverse mesh pattern faintly visible at 50× magnification; elytra with shallow, moderately transverse sculpticells; ventral surface of head with microsculpture transverse, faintly visible at 50×; prosternum, proepipleuron, mesepisternum, and metepisternum with sculpticells forming a shallow transverse mesh.

Macrosculpture. Dorsum of head with disc smooth centrally, shallow impressions between eyes, few shallow furrows from front of eye to behind clypeus base, one-two deep furrows along contour of eye, longest ending at basal supraorbital setae; scattered punctation from clypeus to constriction of head, shallower centrally, not confluent; pronotum with several shallow lateral impressions from apex to baso-lateral depression, fine scattered punctures throughout; elytra with intervals 1–4 and 6 moderately flat, interval 5 broadly convex from behind shoulder down ¾ of elytra length, interval 7 carinate on inside margin nearest to stria 6; striae punctate along length; ventrally: prosternum, prosternal process, mesosternum, mesocoxa and mesosternal intercoxal process and hind coxa with scattered, shallow punctures; baso-lateral portion of metasternum with deeper, scattered punctures; abdominal sterna with scattered, shallow punctures.

Fixed setae. Two pairs of supraorbital setae; clypeus with two lateral setae; labrum with six setae along apical margin; one pair of suborbital setae; fore femur of males and females with two fixed setae in basal half; pronotum with two pairs of setae, one at base of lateral margin and one on lateral margin at pronotum max width; elytra with one seta at basal quarter of interval 3, one seta in interval 3 at mid-length, one seta in apical quarter of interval 3.

Luster. Head capsule, pronotum and elytra moderately glossy to glossy; ventral thoracic sterna and abdominal sterna moderately glossy.

Head. Labrum bilobed, left lobe slightly longer than right lobe in some specimens.

Pronotum. No more than 1.41× wider than long. Anterior transverse impression shallow; posterior transverse impression and median longitudinal impression moderately deep; apical margin narrowly curved forming short, acute latero-apical lobes; lateral margins constricted in basal 1/3; posterio-lateral margins almost right-angled.

Male genitalia. Fig. 25A–C. Length 2.20 – 2.44 mm. Ostium with relatively large opening. Phallus narrowest at base of shaft, somewhat expanded on left side from median towards ostium in ventral view; apical area, a short rounded point, somewhat narrow, slightly curved ventrally; endophallus not observed in detail as both males available were too teneral to evert.

Figure 25. 

Digital images of male genitalia of Catascopus (s. str.) ignicinctus Bates, teneral. A right lateral aspect B ventral aspect C left lateral aspect.

Female genitalia. Fig. 34A. Width 1.48 – 1.64 mm. Gonocoxite 2 (gc2) with apices spatulate when observed in lateral view; three lateral ensiform setae (les) and one dorsal ensiform seta (des) present (not visible from dorsal view). One spermatheca (sp1) long and narrow; one spermathecal accessory gland (sg) long and narrow; spermathecal gland duct (sgd) relatively long, attachment site near base of spermathecal gland.

The known elevational range of C. ignicinctus is from 480 to 700 meters. Adults of this species are found in mixed primary and secondary forest of montane areas. Adults are crepuscular or nocturnal with most activity observed on trunks of fallen or dying trees at night. Specimens have been collected from July to late September. Methods of collecting include m.v. light sheet and hand collecting.

Catascopus ignicinctus is known from southern Japan, Laos, China, and Taiwan. For Taiwan localities see Figure 35.

Holotype (female) labeled “Typus”; “Syntypus”; “Holotypus” [rectangular, red paper]; “Kosempo/Formosa/H. Sauter”; “22. VII.”; “Catascopus/sauteri Dupuis/Dupuis det.” 25 specimens: 17 males and 8 females. For further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.

“Formosa, Hoozan”. Hoozan refers to Fengshan, Kaohsiung county.

Specimens of this species are easily distinguished from other species of Taiwanese Catascopus having being metallic green and having elytral spines on both the apex of the lateral margins and the suture.

OBL 12 – 16 mm. Length (n = 17 males, 8 females): head 1.12 – 1.40, pronotum, 2.04 – 2.52, elytra 7.17 – 8.66, metepisternum 1.52 – 2.20 mm; width: head 2.76 – 3.32, pronotum 2.48 – 3.04, elytra 4.10 – 4.83, metepisternum 0.72 – 0.92 mm.

Body proportions. HW/HL 2.26 – 2.55; PWM/PL 1.18 – 1.29; EL/EW 1.65 – 1.82; ML/MW 1.90 – 2.55.

Color. Fig. 26. Dorsum of head metallic green; clypeus and mentum rufo-brunneous to piceous; antennae with articles 1–4 rufo-piceous to piceous, articles 5–11 rufo-brunneous to brunneous, apex of article 11 testaceous; palpi rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous; disc of pronotum metallic green, margins metallic green to metallic purple, basolateral impressions metallic green to metallic purple; elytra metallic green, margins and elytral suture metallic green to metallic purple; proepipleuron, prosternum and elytral epipleura aeneous to piceous; thoracic sclerites rufo-piceous to piceous; abdominal sterna rufo-brunneous to piceous; legs with trochanter and femora rufo-piceous, tibia rufo-piceous to piceous.

Figure 26. 

Dorsal habitus and color pattern of Catascopus (s. str.) sauteri Dupuis. (OBL 13.13 mm).

Microsculpture. Dorsum of head with microsculpture faintly visible at 50× magnification, +/- isodiametric; pronotum with transverse mesh pattern faintly visible at 50× magnification; elytra with shallow, transverse sculpticells on majority of disc, near isodiametric near apex of disc; transverse microsculpture in basal third depression of striae parallel to elytral margins, easily visible at 50× magnification; ventral surface of head with microsculpture transverse, faintly visible at 50×; prosternum, proepipleuron, mesepisternum and metepisternum with sculpticells forming a shallow transverse mesh.

Macrosculpture. Dorsum of head rugulose laterally between eyes from basal supraorbital setae to clypeus, smooth centrally, deep scattered punctation from apical lateral setae to constriction of head, some confluent; pronotum rugulose, several lateral striations from apex to baso-lateral depression, fine scattered punctures throughout; elytra with one impression in basal 1/3 of disc, laterally from basal fixed setae of interval 3 to middle fixed setae of interval 3, horizontally from first stria to carina of interval 5; most intervals moderately flat, interval 5 carinate from just beyond basal fixed seta of interval 3 to apical fixed setae of interval 3, interval 7 carinate in basal third, intervals 7 and 8 distinctly carinate and rounded at apical 1/4, disrupting normal contour of elytra; striae punctate along length; ventrally: prosternum, prosternal process, mesosternum, mesocoxa and mesosternal intercoxal process, basal portion of metasternum and hind coxa with shallow, scattered, setigerous punctures; abdominal sterna with scattered, shallow punctures.

Pilosity. Dorsum of head, pronotum and disc of elytra with scattered micro-punctures; ventrally: prosternum, prosternal process, mesosternum, mesocoxa and mesosternal intercoxal process and metasternum with short to moderately long, blonde, setae associated with moderately shallow punctures; abdominal sterna with unevenly scattered setigerous punctures.

Fixed setae. Fore femur of males and females with two fixed setae in basal 1/3; pronotum with one seta at base of lateral margin; elytra with one seta at basal quarter of interval 3, one seta in interval 3 at mid-length, one seta in apical quarter of interval 3.

Luster. Head capsule, pronotum and elytra moderately glossy to glossy; ventral thoracic sterna and abdominal sterna moderately glossy.

Pronotum. Anterior transverse impression moderately deep; posterior transverse impression and median longitudinal impression deep; apical margin narrowely curved forming short, acute latero-apical lobes; lateral margins sinuate toward base; posterio-lateral margins almost right-angled.

Elytra. Humeri broadly rounded; elytral margin shallowly impressed in basal 1/3, elytral apices each with one small lateral spine and two apical spines, inside apical spine always longer than outside apical spine.

Male genitalia. Fig. 27A–D. Length 2.70 – 3.20 mm. Phallus narrowest at base of shaft, somewhat expanded on left side from median towards ostium in ventral view; apical area, long and narrow, sharply curved ventrally, curve visible in left and right view; apex distinctive, most constricted just before apex, tip curved and flattened; endophallus relatively long, some sclerotization evident on basal endophallic lobe when viewed from left lateral aspect; one large microtrichial field (mtf) on dorsal surface, from midway of endophallus to just beyond apical endophallic lobe; microtrichia fine and densely packed.

Figure 27. 

Digital images of male genitalia of Catascopus (s. str.) sauteri Dupuis. A right lateral aspect, endophallus everted B right lateral aspect C ventral aspect D left lateral aspect. Legend: mtf microtrichial field sel scleritization of endophallic lobe (fully visible from left lateral aspect).

Female genitalia. Figs 33B, 34B. Width 1.48 – 1.68 mm. Gonocoxite 2 (gc2) with two lateral ensiform setae (les) and one dorsal ensiform seta (des) present, apical lateral ensiform setae longer and more spatulate then basal. Bursa copulatrix moderately textured, some infoldings; +/- circular sclerite (bsc) (type 1) internally at base, between apex of lateral tergites, not visible in dorsal view of most specimens and difficult to observe in others due to lack of pigmentation, differing from the bursal sclerite of Horniulus andrewesi Jedlička (Fig. 94B); one spermatheca (sp1) long and narrow; one spermathecal accessory gland (sg) long and narrow; spermathecal gland duct (sgd) highly variable in length, ranging from approximately 1.0 mm to 4.0 mm, attachment site on associated diverticulum (div).

The known elevational range of C. sauteri is from 500 to 1275 meters. Only a few specimens have been collected over 1000 meters with the majority being collected between 600 and 800 meters. Adults of this species are found in mixed primary and secondary forest of montane areas. Adults are crepuscular or nocturnal with most activity observed on trunks of fallen or dying trees at night. Specimens have been collected from March to December but are most commonly collected from July to December. Methods of collecting include light trap, u.v. light and hand collecting. Adults are very fast runners and it was observed that when they are lit by flashlight or headlamp at night, they will quickly run to the dark side of the tree.

Catascopus sauteri is known only from Taiwan. For collecting localities see Figure 35.

From Latin viridi, in reference to the green dorsal coloration and orchis, which refers to the type locality, Orchid Island (Lanyu), Taiwan.

Holotype (male) labeled “Holotype” [circular, ringed with red]; “Taiwan Taitung/Lanyu Yongshing Farm/VII/13–14/2000/M.M.Yang/UV light trap (upper)”; “NMNS ENT/4450-875”; “NCHU# 101729. This species is known from two specimens. For further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.

Taiwan: Orchid Island, Taitung county, Lanyu township.

This species is closely allied to Catascopus elegans philippinus Baehr but can be distinguished by the darker green, less cupreous elytra; deeper, more pronounced fovea associated with the three pairs of fixed setae in interval 3; distinctively short and angled apex of phallus and form of endophallus (when viewed dorsally).

OBL 8.83 – 9.2 mm. Length (one male, one female): head 1.04, pronotum 1.44 – 1.56, elytra 5.00 – 5.33, metepisternum 1.16 – 1.20 mm; width: head 2.04 – 2.12, pronotum 1.96, elytra 3.33 – 3.50, metepisternum 0.60 – 0.64 mm.

Body proportions. HW/HL 1.96 – 2.04; PWM/PL 1.26 – 1.36; EL/EW 1.50 – 1.52; ML/MW 1.81 – 2.00.

Color. Fig. 28. Dorsum of head metallic green, clypeus black with faint cupreous sheen, labrum rufo-brunneous; antennae rufo-brunneous; palpi rufo-brunneous; disc of pronotum metallic green, lateral margins metallic blue in apical 4/5; elytral disc metallic green, margins (from interval 4) metallic green to slightly cupreous; ventral surface rufo-piceous to piceous with exception of last four sterna which are rufo-brunneous with rufo-piceous margins; legs with trochanter, femora and tibia rufo-brunneous.

Figure 28. 

Dorsal habitus and color pattern of Catascopus (s. str.) viridiorchis sp. n.. (OBL 9.0 mm).

This species is known from only two specimens, one male and one female. The female specimen is teneral. Dorsum of the head is a metallic blue-black; pronotum bicolored with apical margin of the pronotum to the anterior transverse impression being rufo-brunneous and the remaining dorsal surface metallic blue-black; dorsal surface of the elytra rufo-brunneous with cupreous to metallic green lateral margins.

Microsculpture. Dorsum of head with microsculpture faintly visible at 50× magnification, isodiametric; pronotum with transverse mesh pattern faintly visible at 50× magnification; elytra with shallow, transverse sculpticells; ventral surface of head with microsculpture transverse, faintly visible at 50×; prosternum, proepipleuron, mesepisternum, and metepisternum with sculpticells forming a shallow transverse mesh.

Macrosculpture. Dorsum of head, clypeus and pronotum disc with fine, randomly scattered setigerous punctures; two deep furrows along contour of eye, longest ending at basal supraorbital setae; pronotum with several shallow lateral impressions from apex to baso-lateral depression; elytra with interval 7 carinate on inside margin nearest to stria 6, from just behind base to 5/6 of the elytra length, most carinate in basal half but diminishing and becoming more flattened and rounded along length; striae evenly punctate along length; intervals with fine, randomly scattered, setigerous punctures throughout; ventrally: prosternum, prosternal process, mesosternum, mesocoxa and mesosternal intercoxal process and hind coxa with scattered, shallow setigerous punctures; abdominal sterna with scattered, shallow setigerous punctures, setae slightly longer medially.

Fixed setae. Pronotum with two pairs of setae, one at base of lateral margin and one on lateral margin at pronotum max width; elytra with one seta at basal quarter of interval 3, one seta in interval 3 at mid-length, one seta in apical quarter of interval 3.

Luster. Head capsule and pronotum glossy; elytra moderately glossy; ventral thoracic sterna and abdominal sterna moderately glossy.

Pronotum. Anterior transverse impression shallow; posterior transverse impression deep, median longitudinal impression moderately deep; lateral margins constricted just before mid-way toward apex, becoming parallel at ¾ length; posterio-lateral margins almost right-angled.

Male genitalia. Fig. 29A–D. Length 1.88 mm. Phallus narrowest at base of shaft, slightly expanded on left side from median towards ostium in ventral view; apical area, a relatively short, rounded point, somewhat narrow, distinctively angled to the right when viewed from ventral aspect; endophallus long, relatively narrow, one basal endophallic lobe and two additional lobes towards apex.

Figure 29. 

Digital images of male genitalia of Catascopus (s. str.) viridiorchis sp. n.. A right lateral aspect, endophallus everted B right lateral aspect C ventral aspect D left lateral aspect.

Female genitalia. Fig. 34C. Width 1.48 – 1.64 mm. Gonocoxite 2 (gc2) with three lateral ensiform setae (les) and one dorsal ensiform seta (des) present (not visible from dorsal view). One spermatheca (sp1) relatively short, cylindrical; one spermathecal accessory gland (sg); spermathecal gland duct (sgd) slightly longer than length of spermatheca, attachment site medially on distinctively large diverticulum (div) of spermatheca.

The known elevational range of C. viridiorchis sp. n. is from 35 and 160 meters. The two adults of this species were found in mixed forest of montane areas. Little is known of the habits of this species. The specimens were collected in July and August and methods of collecting include u.v. light trap and hand collecting.

Catascopus viridiorchis is known only from Orchid Island, Taiwan. See Figure 35.

Catascopus mirabilis Bates 1892 (by original designation).

Southeast Asia (Myanmar and the Malay Peninsula).

In a short footnote, Habu (1967) introduced the subgenus Catascopoides. His rationale for this subgenus included both unique mandibular form (Fig. 23B) and distinctive pubescence on the ventral surface of the fore and mid femora. Later, and apparently unaware of Habu’s short treatment, Straneo (1994), erected the now synonymized subgenus Dentiscopus, that was based largely on the same characters. These characteristics are indeed unique within the Catascopus s. l. and the three currently known species appear to be quite closely related.

Holotype (female) labeled: “Banshoryo – Disfr./Sokutsu (Formosa)/H. Sauter VI. 1912”; “Holotypus”[rectangular, red paper]; “TYPE”[rectangular, red paper, black border]; “Catascopus Horni sp. n./mihi/DET.ING.JEDLICKA”; “DEI Coleoptera/# 200416”. 23 specimens of C. horni: seven males and 16 females. For further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.

“Formosa, Sokutsu”. Formosa is the old name for Taiwan and Sokutsu refers to Hsiaolin, Kaohsiung county.

Both C. (C.) mirabilis and C. (C.) horni were recorded from Taiwan (Taiwan being the type locality of C. (C.) horni Jedlička). From the images and illustrations, it appeared that two species were superficially very similar so it is possible that they might be conspecific. All of the major collections in Taiwan were examined, and most known Taiwanese material was borrowed. Fresh material was collected from the wild. The holotype of C. (C.) horni and three paratypes of C. (C.) mirabilis are deposited SDEI, Germany where, upon examination, it was clear that the species could be distinguished from one another but that it was more of a total collection of subtleties than any one obvious external character that set them apart. Catascopus (C.) mirabilis differs from C. (C.) horni in that it has slightly larger eyes, a slightly more cupreous sheen, apical and basal angles of pronotum that are that are slightly more lobed and explanate, elytral microsculpture that is more granulate and raised, giving a duller appearance, and broken striae (primarily 3, 5, 7) that are somewhat more raised. All of these characters are slightly variable and difficult to define so it became clear that without a lot of material to compare, confusing these two species would be easy. After going through the material however, a few good characters were consistent and allowed for discrimination of species. C. (C.) mirabilis has females with the ventral surface of the fore-femur with a dense field of yellow setae (more than 20), while C. (C.) horni only has a field of ~twelve setae. Females of C. (C.) mirabilis also have a genitalic character, the bursa copulatrix sclerite (bsc, Fig. 33C), that makes them easily distinguishable from C. (C.) horni. After dissecting the available material including the specimens that were examined and thought to be C. (C.) mirabilis by both Jedlička (1963) and Habu (1967), it seems apparent that C. (C.) horni is restricted to Taiwan while C. (C.) mirabilis is known from Vietnam, Laos and China. See also “Geographical distribution”.

Specimens of this species are easily distinguished from other pericalines by the distinctly asymmetrical mandibles and metallic black dorsal coloration.

OBL 15.5 – 19 mm. Length (n = seven males, ten females): head 1.24 – 1.56, pronotum, 2.76 – 3.44, elytra 8.25 – 10.50, metepisternum 2.08 – 2.68 mm; width: head 3.00 – 3.72, pronotum 2.92 – 3.76, elytra 5.00 – 5.83, metepisternum 1.08 – 1.20 mm.

Body proportions. HW/HL 2.35 – 2.49; PWM/PL 1.07 – 1.16; EL/EW 1.65 – 1.83; ML/MW 1.93 – 2.31.

Color. Fig. 30. Dorsum of head brunneo-piceous to piceous, with faintly metallic violaceous sheen; antennae with segments 1–4 rufo-piceous to piceous, segments 5–11 brunneous to rufo-piceous; palpi rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous; clypeus and mentum rufo-piceous; pronotum piceous, with faintly metallic violaceous sheen; elytra piceous, with faintly metallic violaceous sheen; elytral epipleura piceous; thoracic sclerites rufo-piceous to piceous; abdominal sterna rufo-piceous medially, rufo-piceous to piceous at lateral margins; legs with trochanter and femora rufo-piceous, tibia rufo-piceous to piceous.

Figure 30. 

Dorsal habitus and color pattern of C. (Catascopoides) horni Jedlička (OBL 17.20 mm).

Microsculpture. Dorsum of head with microsculpture not visible at 50× magnification; pronotum with transverse mesh pattern faintly visible at 50× magnification; elytra with shallow, transverse sculpticells on majority of disc, lower depressions of striae are nearly isodiametric, easily visible at 50× magnification; ventral surface of head, prosternum, proepipleuron, mesepisternum, and metepisternum with sculpticells forming a shallow transverse mesh.

Macrosculpture. Dorsum of head with scattered punctures laterally in front of eye to mid-way between basal supraorbital setae and pronotum apex, punctures near base of head are deep and confluent, more separated and shallow towards apex; pronotum rugulose; elytra with 3–4 diagonal impressions on disc, impressions evenly spaced with first impression near lateroapical angle of elytral base to suture, joining suture ~1/3 from base, first and third impressions deeper than others; intervals carinate, intervals 3,5,7, more strongly carinate in basal half than others, intervals convex to flat where interrupted by diagonal impressions; intervals 7 and 8 distinctly carinate and rounded at apical 1/4, disrupting normal contour of elytra; striae punctate along length; ventrally: prosternum, prosternal process, mesosternum, mesocoxa, and mesosternal intercoxal process, metasternum, hind coxa and base of abdominal sternite 3 with scattered and deep punctation, often confluent and rugulose in appearance; metasternum with several lateral striations on either side of suture (comb-like in appearance); abdominal sterna with scattered, shallow punctures; fore femur of males with more than twenty deep punctures in basal half of ventral surface, females with less (eight to fifteen), not all bearing setae.

Pilosity. Fig. 31. Dorsum of head, pronotum and disc of elytra with scattered micro-punctures; ventrally: prosternum, prosternal process, mesosternum, mesocoxa, and mesosternal intercoxal process and metasternum with moderate to long, blonde, setae associated with deep punctures; fore and mid femora of males with long, blonde setae associated with each puncture; fore and mid femora of females with several (fewer than males) blonde setae of various lengths in most punctures, some punctures without setae.

Figure 31. 

Digital image of the upper ventral surface and associated seta pattern of Catascopus (Catascopoides) horni Jedlička.

Fixed setae. Two pairs of supraorbital setae; clypeus with two lateral setae; labrum with six setae along apical margin; one pair of suborbital setae; pronotum with one seta at base of lateral margin; elytra with one seta at basal quarter of interval 3, one seta in interval 3 at mid-length, one seta in apical quarter of interval 3; 16–17 lateral (umbilical) setae in interval 9; two setae on each of abdominal sterna III to VI, two setae along apical margin of sternum VII in males, four setae along apical margin of sternum VII.

Luster. Head capsule, pronotum and elytra moderately glossy to glossy; ventral thoracic sterna and abdominal sterna moderately glossy.

Head. Fig. 23B. Mandible long and almost straight, obtuse tooth near apex of inside margin of each mandible, tooth of left mandible larger and situated lower than right, left mandible with additional tooth on inside cutting surface above mid-length of mandible; labrum unevenly bilobed, right lobe always longer that left; mentum with single broad tooth; eyes convex; palpi cylindrical, elongate.

Pronotum. Anterior transverse impression moderately deep; posterior transverse impression and median longitudinal impression deep; apical margin narrowly curved forming short, acute latero-apical lobes; lateral margins sinuate toward base; posterio-lateral margins almost right-angled.

Elytra. Humeri broadly rounded; elytral margin shallowly impressed in basal 1/3; elytral apices each with one small lateral spine and two apical spines, outside apical spine always longer than inside apical spine.

Hind wings. Macropterous.

Legs. Tarsal claws smooth. Males with adhesive vestiture ventrally, two rows of squamo-setae on tarsomeres 1–3 of fore-leg.

Abdominal sterna. Abdominal sternum VII bilobed, with shallow notch apically.

Male genitalia. Fig. 32A–D. Length 3.52 – 4.00 mm. Ostium left pleuropic. Phallus cylindrical, narrowest at base of shaft, expanded on left side from base towards median in ventral view, constricted again before apex; apical area distinctively long and narrow, apical curve visible in left and right view. Endophallus relatively long and distinctly curled left when viewed from left lateral aspect; sclerite near endophallus base, left side of ostium when viewed from left lateral aspect; one basal endophallic lobe near center of ostium opening; one meso-endophallic lobe on inside of the curled endophallus when viewed from left lateral aspect; two microtrichial fields present (see fig. 32A)

Figure 32. 

Digital images of male genitalia of C. (Catascopoides) horni Jedlička A left lateral aspect endophallus everted B right lateral aspect C ventral aspect D left lateral aspect. Legend: el endophallic lobe; mtf microtrichial field.

Female genitalia. Figs 33A, 34D. Width 1.84 – 2.12 mm. Gonocoxite 2 (gc2) wide at base, narrowing sharply toward apex, highly curved; two lateral ensiform setae (les) and one dorsal ensiform seta (des) present (not visible from dorsal view). Sensory furrow, furrow pegs and associated nematiform setae not observed; Bursa copulatrix highly textured with many infoldings; large, distinctively shaped sclerite (bsc) (type 1) internally at base, between apex of lateral tergites (not visible from dorsal view), differing from the bursal sclerite of Horniulus andrewesi Jedlička (Fig. 94B) in that the sclerite appears to be inside the tissue of the dorsal surface of the bursa and not open to the interior cavity; one spermatheca (sp1) long and narrow; One spermathecal accessory gland (sg) long and narrow; spermathecal gland duct (sgd) very long and narrow, attachment site at base of spermatheca.

Figure 33. 

Line drawings comparing the bursal sclerite, ventral aspect of ACatascopus (Catascopoides) horni Jedlička B Catascopus (s. str.) sauteri Dupuis C C. (Catascopoides) mirabilis Bates (not present in Taiwan) Legend: bc bursa copulatrix; bsc bursal sclerite (type 1); lt lateral tergites.

Figure 34. 

Line drawings of the female reproductive tract of species of the genus Catascopus Kirby, known from Taiwan, ventral aspect. A C. (s. str.) ignicinctus Bates B C. (s. str.) sauteri Dupuis C C. (s. str.) viridiorchis sp. n. DC. (Catascopoides) horni Jedlička. Legend: bc bursa copulatrix; bsc bursal sclerite; co common oviduct; des dorsal ensiform setae; div diverticulum; gc1 gonocoxite 1; gc2 gonocoxite 2; les lateral ensiform setae; lt lateral tergite; sg spermathecal gland; sgd spermathecal gland duct; sp1 spermatheca 1. Scale bars: 1 mm.

The known elevational range of C. horni is from 300 to 2000 meters. Only two specimens have been collected below 1000 meters altitude, with most specimens being collected from 1500 to 2000 meters. Adults of this species are found in mixed primary and secondary forest of montane areas. Adults are crepuscular or nocturnal with most activity observed on trunks of fallen or dying trees at night. Specimens have been collected from March to December but are most commonly collected from March to June. Methods of collecting include u.v. light, sugar baits painted on tree trunks (have not been observed at actual bait, only near), hand collecting and malaise trap. The only confirmed tree species from which C. (C.) horni has been collected is Pinus morrisonicola Hayata. Adults are very fast runners and when they are lit at night, they will quickly run to the dark side of the tree.

Catascopus horni is known only from Taiwan. See Figure 35.

Figure 35. 

Map showing known localities for species of the genus Catascopus Kirby and subgenus Catascopoides Habu, in Taiwan.

Coptodera festiva Dejean.

Cuba.

Catascopus equestris Boheman, 1848.

South Africa.

Color. Various.

Fixed setae. Two pairs of supraorbital setae; clypeus with two lateral setae; labrum with six setae along apical margin; one pair of suborbital setae; pronotum with two pairs of setae set in raised punctures, one at base of lateral margin and one on lateral margin at pronotum max width; 17 lateral (umbilical) setae in interval 9; ventrally, two setae on each of abdominal sterna III to VI, four setae along apical margin of sternum VII.

Head. Mentum with no tooth; eyes large, convex; palpi cylindrical, elongate, and setose.

Elytra. Humeri broadly rounded; lateral margin explanate, slightly more so in basal 1/3.

Hind wings. Macropterous.

Legs. Tarsal claws denticulate, three to four denticles per claw, males with adhesive vestiture ventrally, two rows of squamo-setae on tarsomeres 1–3 of fore-leg.

Female genitalia. Gonocoxite 2 (gc2) long, narrow, slightly curved; three lateral ensiform setae (les) and one dorsal ensiform seta (des) present. Sensory furrow, furrow pegs and associated nematiform setae not observed.

All species from the Oriental Region belong to the subgenus Coptoderina Jeannel, 1949. They are distinguished by the median lobe of males with ostium catopic.

28 specimens of C. chaudoiri: 17 males and eleven females. Types of both C. transversa anguilipennis and C. nobilis were examined and dissected. Specimens of these proposed species did not differ in any way from C. chaudoiri, other than the very slight and normal variability typical of the subgenus Coptoderina. For further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.

Hong Kong.

Specimens of this species are distinguished from other species of Taiwanese Coptodera by a combination of having two setae in the basal 1/3 of stria 3, a head that is smooth or only slightly rugulose between eyes and males with adhesive vestiture on tarsomeres 1–3 of mid-leg (all others with only 1–2).

OBL 6.33 – 8.66 mm. Length (n = ten males, ten females): head 0.76 – 0.96, pronotum 0.96 – 1.36, elytra 3.50 – 5.33, metepisternum 0.92 – 1.28 mm; width: head 1.44 – 1.88, pronotum 1.84 – 2.56, elytra 2.83 – 4.00, metepisternum 0.52 – 0.80 mm.

Body proportions. HW/HL 1.89 – 2.26; PWM/PL 1.79 – 2.00; EL/EW 1.32 – 1.38; ML/MW 1.32 – 1.76.

Color. Fig. 36A, B. Dorsum of head brunneo-piceous to piceous, clypeus and labrum brunneo-testaceous to rufo-brunneous, antennae and palpi rufo-brunneous; disc of pronotum brunneo-piceous to piceous, lateral margins testaceous to brunneous, always lighter then disc, some transparent at margins; disc of elytra black, with four testaceous macula, two anterior and two posterior, variable, anterior macula from interval 3 to 7 (some 3 to 6), closest to base of elytra in interval 5, closest to apex of elytra in interval 4 and 5, posterior macula from stria 1 to interval 8, closest to base of elytra in interval 5, closest to apex of elytra in interval 3 and 4; margins of elytra testaceous to rufo-brunneous; ventral surface with thoracic and abdominal tergites rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous, margins of abdominal tergites and metepisternum darker; legs contrastingly lighter, with trochanter and femora and tarsi testaceous to brunneo-testaceous, tibia rufo-brunneous to darker on dorsal surface.

Figure 36. 

Dorsal habitus and intrapopulation variation of color pattern of C. (Coptoderina) chaudoiri Andrewes. A large elytral macula (OBL 8.23 mm) B small elytral macula (OBL 7.20 mm).

Microsculpture. Dorsum of head with microsculpture granulate, isodiametric, easily visible at 50× magnification; pronotum microsculpture granulate, isodiametric; elytral disc with sculpticells somewhat granulate, nearly isodiametric, cells up to 1.5× longer than wide; ventral surface of head, smooth with microsculpture not visible at 50×; prosternum, proepipleuron, mesepisternum and metepisternum with sculpticells forming a shallow, somewhat transverse to transverse mesh.

Macrosculpture. Dorsum of head faintly rugulose to smooth between eyes, clypeus faintly rugulose to smooth, both head and clypeus with relatively dense, fine and scattered setigerous punctures, punctures not visible and setae hardly visible at 50×; pronotum with disc rugulose, entire surface with fine and scattered setigerous punctures, punctures not visible but setae visible in side view at 50×; elytra with intervals rounded, fine scattered setigerous punctures on entire dorsal surface, hardly visible in lateral view at 50×, striae relatively wide (three to four cells), concave and blending into intervals smoothly, punctate, with single row of fine scattered setigerous punctures, hardly visible in lateral view at 50×; ventrally, thoracic and abdominal sclerites with scattered setigerous punctures throughout.

Fixed setae. Elytra with two setae in apical half of stria 2, two setae in basal 1/3 of stria 3.

Luster. Dorsal surface moderately dull.

Head. Mandibles somewhat curved at apex, somewhat long and narrow in form; labrum bilobed, widely emarginate, broadly rounded and relatively short.

Pronotum. Transverse impression deep; posterior transverse impression moderately shallow, median longitudinal impression shallow; lateral margins explanate, apico-lateral margins rounded, broadly lobed, posterio-lateral margins broadly rounded, obtuse.

Elytra. Apex almost truncate.

Legs. Two rows of small squamo-setae on tarsomeres 1–3 of mid-leg, males with one notch apically on ventral side of mid-tibia.

Male genitalia. Figs 37A, B, 38A–C. Length 1.28 – 1.58 mm. Ostium catopic, positioned slightly more to left side of dorsal surface. Phallus cylindrical, distinctively curved to the left from mid-length to apex in ventral view, apical area short, apex broadly rounded; endophallus wide and straight, two rows of spines (esp) from mid-length towards apex, joining before apex, spine rows variable, some specimens with more sclerotized spines and additional spines where rows become confluent.

Figure 37. 

Digital images showing intrapopulation variation of form and number of endophallic spines of C. (Coptoderina) chaudoiri Andrewes, right lateral aspect, endophallus everted. A heavily sclerotized spines with many additional spines towards apex of endophallus B lightly sclerotized spines with fewer spines near apex of endophallus. Legend: esp endophallic spines.

Figure 38. 

Digital images of male genitalia of C. (Coptoderina) chaudoiri Andrewes. A right lateral aspect B ventral aspect C left lateral aspect.

Female genitalia. Fig. 57A. Width 1.26 mm. One spermatheca (sp1), cylindrical and long, ribbed laterally along length; one spermathecal accessory gland (sg), narrow and somewhat cylindrical; spermathecal gland duct (sgd) with swelling towards apex, attachment site apically on small diverticulum (div) of spermatheca; bursa copulatrix (bc) with distinctive sac at apical end (bs), large and bulbous.

The known elevational range of C. chaudoiri is from 250 to 1125 meters with the majority of specimens collected from 480 to 750 meters. Adults of this species are found in mixed forest of montane areas and are crepuscular and can be found on trunks of live trees, and on bracket fungus. Specimens have been collected from May to September. Methods of collecting include u.v. light sheet, sweep netting near lights at night and hand collecting.

Coptodera chaudoiri is known from Japan and Taiwan. For Taiwan localities see Figure 59.

Holotype (male) labeled: “Tenasserim/Vall Houmdanau/Fea. Maggio 1887” [black border]; H. E. Andrewes Coll./B.M.1945-97.”; “TYPE” [rectangular, red paper]; “Coptodera /eluta/Type Andr./H. E. Andrewes det.”. Cotype (female) and three other specimens of C. eluta (one male and two females); for further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.

(Myanmar) Burma.

Jedlička (1963) suggested that there was a unique form of C. eluta from Taiwan that he called ab. unicolor. His justification was that specimens he observed had elytra with no maculae visible basally and only small maculae apically. This pattern of coloration falls within the normal variability of coloration in C. eluta and because of this his delineation has no taxonomic value.

This species is easily distinguished from other Taiwanese Coptodera by a combination of small size, spined elytral apex, and elytra with two setae in basal 1/3 of stria 3.

OBL 6.08 – 6.66 mm. Length (n = two males, three females): head 0.72 – 0.76, pronotum 1.00 – 1.04, elytra 3.92 – 4.00, metepisternum 0.88 – 0.92 mm; width: head 1.44 – 1.52, pronotum 1.80 – 1.92, elytra 2.67 – 3.17, metepisternum 0.52 – 0.60 mm.

Body proportions. HW/HL 1.89 – 2.11; PWM/PL 1.80 – 1.88; EL/EW 1.26 – 1.47; ML/MW 1.53 – 1.77.

Color. Fig. 39. Various. Dorsum of head and clypeus rufo-brunneous to piceous, labrum, antennae, and palpi rufo-brunneous; disc of pronotum rufo-brunneous to brunneous, lateral margins somewhat translucent, rufo-brunneous to testaceous; elytral disc brunneous to brunneo-piceous, with six testaceous to rufo-testaceous maculae, two anterior, two meso-posterior and two posterior, anterior macula variable, just above the second fixed seta of stria 3 and centered in interval 4, this can range from a hardly visible light spot, to a stretched ovoid shape in interval 4 only, to a larger ovoid shape extending into interval 3 and 5, meso-posterior macula variable, +/- half-crescent shape with crescent open towards apex of elytra, extended from stria 3–7, widest in interval 4 and 5, posterior macula variable, a small patch extended across intervals 2 and 3 but uneven, portion of macula on interval 2, shorter then portion on interval 3; margins of elytra somewhat translucent, rufo-brunneous to testaceous; ventral surface brunneous to brunneo-piceous with exception of proepipleuron and elytral epipleuron which are brunneous to testaceous; legs with trochanter and femora brunneous to rufo-brunneous, tibia rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous.

Figure 39. 

Dorsal habitus and color pattern of C. (Coptoderina) eluta Andrewes. (OBL 6.44 mm).

Microsculpture. Dorsum of head with microsculpture somewhat granulate, easily visible at 50× magnification, slightly transverse to almost isodiametric; pronotum somewhat granulate, transverse mesh pattern easily visible at 50×; elytra with transverse sculpticells, mesh almost touching center of striae, throughout length; ventral surface of head with microsculpture transverse, faintly visible at 50×; prosternum, proepipleuron, mesepisternum and metepisternum with sculpticells forming a shallow transverse mesh.

Macrosculpture and pilosity. Dorsum of head finely rugulose medially, with finely scattered setigerous punctures, visible only in side view at 50×, 2–3 furrows along contour of eye; pronotum with finely scattered setigerous punctures, visible in side view at 50×, outside margin of disc to lateral margin shallowly rugulose; elytra with intervals broadly rounded, single row of fine setigerous punctures in the center of each interval, striae narrow, single row of setigerous punctures in each stria, hardly visible at 50×.

Fixed setae. Elytra with two setae in basal 1/3 of stria 3, two setae in apical 1/3 of stria 2.

Luster. Head capsule and pronotum moderately dull; elytra moderately glossy; ventral thoracic sterna and abdominal sterna moderately glossy.

Head. Mandibles curved at apex, relatively short and narrow in form, mostly covered by labrum; labrum bilobed, emargination triangular in form, somewhat elongate and rounded towards apex.

Pronotum. Disc with one round shallow depression on either side; anterior transverse impression shallow; posterior transverse impression deep, median longitudinal impression moderately deep; lateral margins explanate, apico-lateral margins broadly rounded and curled up at margin, posterio-lateral margins slightly sinuate, obtuse.

Elytra. Apex with small spine.

Legs. A few small squamo-setae on tarsomere 2 of mid-leg, males with one notch apically on ventral side of mid-tibia.

Male genitalia. Fig. 40A–C. Length 1.16 mm. Ostium left pleuropic. Phallus cylindrical, distinctively wide medially, apical area with short, bluntly rounded apex, curved to the right when viewed from ventral aspect; endophallus only viewed through phallus, one basal endophallic spine apparent (es), other sclerotized areas may also be present but have not been confirmed. Habu (1961) suggested that the endophallus contained “two small copulatory pieces”.

Figure 40. 

Digital images of male genitalia of C. (Coptoderina) eluta Andrewes. A right lateral aspect B ventral aspect C left lateral aspect.

Female genitalia. Fig. 57B. Width 1.00 – 1.04 mm. One spermatheca (sp1), cylindrical, ribbed laterally along length; one spermathecal accessory gland (sg), large and somewhat cylindrical, from apex of duct appears as two chambers, a small chamber followed by a constriction approximately the width of the gland duct, to a larger apical chamber; spermathecal gland duct (sgd) more than twice as long as length of spermatheca, attachment site medially on large diverticulum (div) of spermatheca; bursa copulatrix (bc) with distinctive sac at apical end, large and somewhat cylindrical, coming to a point at the apex (bs).

The known elevational range of C. eluta is from 100 to 220 meters. Adults of this species are found in mixed forest of montane areas. Little is known of the habits of this species. Specimens have been collected from June and September in Taiwan and methods of collecting include “at light” and hand collecting.

Coptodera eluta has a wide, Asian distribution. It is known from Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Indo-China, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, Ceylon, India, and Taiwan. For Taiwan collecting localities see Figure 59.

Cotype (male) labeled: “Japan./G. Lewis./1910-320”; “Cotype” [circular, ringed with green]”; “Ex Coll./Brit. Mus.”; “Coptodera/japonica/cotype Bates/H. E. Andrewes det.”; “Syntypus”[rectangular, red paper]. Eight specimens of C. japonica, three males and five females. For further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.

Japan: Kyushu (Kiushiu).

Specimens of this species are easily distinguished from other Taiwanese Coptodera by a combination of elytra with a seta in the apical 1/3 of stria 2 and black lateral margins.

OBL 9.16 – 10.33 mm. Length (n = three males, five females): head 1.00 – 1.12, pronotum 1.36 – 1.58, elytra 5.50 – 6.33, metepisternum 1.32 – 1.44 mm; width: head 2.00 – 2.20, pronotum 2.40 – 2.76, elytra 4.16 – 4.50, metepisternum 0.80 – 0.84 mm.

Body proportions. HW/HL 1.93 – 2.12; PWM/PL 1.64 – 1.82; EL/EW 1.30 – 1.42; ML/MW 1.57 – 1.67.

Color. Fig. 41. Dorsum of head piceous, area nearest to antennal socket brunneous to rufo-piceous, clypeus black with outer margin brunneous to rufo-brunneous, labrum, antennae, and palpi brunneous to rufo-brunneous; disc of pronotum rufo-piceous to piceous, lateral margins rufo-brunneous, only slightly lighter then disc; elytral disc black, with four testaceous maculae, two anterior and two posterior, anterior macula large, from interval 3 to 7 in most specimens, closest to base of elytra in interval 5 and 6, closest to apex of elytra in interval 4, posterior macula, from interval 2–8 (some from interval 1), closest to base of elytra in intervals 4 and 5, closest to apex of elytra in interval 4; margins of elytra rufo-brunneous to piceous; ventral surface rufo-brunneous to piceous; legs with trochanter and femora and tarsi brunneous to rufo-brunneous, tibia rufo-brunneous to piceous on dorsal surface.

Figure 41. 

Dorsal habitus and color pattern of C. (Coptoderina) japonica Bates. (OBL 10.24 mm).

Microsculpture. Dorsum of head with microsculpture somewhat granulate and isodiametric, easily visible at 50× magnification; pronotum somewhat granulate, isodiametric to somewhat transverse mesh pattern easily visible at 50×; elytral intervals with transverse sculpticells, center of striae with isodiametric sculpticells a few cells wide; ventral surface of head with microsculpture transverse, faintly visible at 50×; prosternum, proepipleuron, mesepisternum and metepisternum with sculpticells forming a shallow transverse mesh.

Macrosculpture and pilosity. Dorsum of head and clypeus smooth, with relatively dense, fine, scattered setigerous punctures, setae hardly visible at 50×; pronotum with relatively dense, fine and scattered setigerous punctures, visible in side view at 50×, disc shallowly rugulose; elytra with intervals broadly rounded, single row of fine setigerous punctures in the center of each interval, these punctures larger than additional scattered setigerous punctures throughout disc, striae with single row of fine setigerous punctures hardly visible in lateral view at 50×; ventrally, thoracic and abdominal sclerites with scattered setigerous punctures throughout.

Fixed setae. Elytra with two setae in apical 1/3 of stria 2, one seta near base in stria 3.

Luster. Dorsal and ventral surfaces moderately glossy.

Head. Mandibles somewhat curved at apex, relatively long and narrow in form, when measured on outside diameter, visible portion longer than length of labrum; labrum relatively stout and rounded, slightly wider than clypeus at max width, broadly bilobed to almost flat apically.

Pronotum. Transverse impression deep; posterior transverse impression deep, median longitudinal impression moderately deep; lateral margins explanate, apico-lateral margins broadly rounded, posterio-lateral margins obtuse.

Elytra. Apex slightly sinuate.

Legs. Two rows of small squamo-setae on tarsomeres 1–2 of mid-leg; males with two notches apically on ventral side of mid-tibia. Note: one individual with two notches on left mid-tibia and three notches on right mid-tibia has been observed.

Male genitalia. Figs 42, 43A–C Length 1.86 – 1.92 mm. Ostium catopic, positioned slightly to right when viewed ventrally, phallus cylindrical, slanting right from base of ostium towards apex when viewed ventrally, apical area with short, bluntly rounded apex; endophallus long and narrow, positioned to right of phallus when everted and viewed ventrally, microtrichia dispersed evenly and rather divergently on most of surface, one large and typically more dense microtrichial field (mtf) present on left side of phallus, just before apical constriction, sclerotized ring of spines (esr) at narrowest portion of apical constriction.

Figure 42. 

Digital image of male genitalia of C. (Coptoderina) japonica Bates, ventral aspect, endophallus everted. Legend: esr endophallic sclerotized ring.

Figure 43. 

Digital images of male genitalia of C. (Coptoderina) japonica Bates. A right lateral aspect B ventral aspect C left lateral aspect.

Female genitalia. 57C. Width 1.28 mm. One spermatheca (sp1), cylindrical and long, ribbed laterally along length, distinctively curved at base; one spermathecal accessory gland (sg), large and bulbous; spermathecal gland duct (sgd) only slightly longer than length of spermatheca, slightly swollen at apical end, just before gland, attachment site medially on distinctively shaped diverticulum (div) of spermatheca; bursa copulatrix (bc) with distinctive sac at apical end (bs), highly constricted near opening to common oviduct, then expanding out into and oblong mushroom top shaped chamber.

The known elevational range of C. japonica is from 640 to 2770 meters. Adults of this species are found in mixed forest of montane areas. Little is known of the habits of this species but one specimen of this species was collected on shelf fungus. Specimens have been collected from April to October in Taiwan and methods of collecting include u.v. light, malaise trap, and hand collecting.

Coptodera japonica is known from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. For Taiwan collecting localities see Figure 59.

Holotype (female) labeled: “Hoozan/Formosa/H. Sauter II 10”; “TYPUS” [rectangular, red paper]; “DUPUIS DET.”; “Coptodera/formosana D/maculata D”. One paratype and six other specimens of C. maculata: five males and one female. For further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.

Taiwan (Formosa: Hoozan).

Specimens of this species are easily distinguished from other Taiwanese Coptodera by a combination of elytra with one seta in apical 1/4 of stria 3, one seta in apical 1/3 of stria 2, light lateral margins, and an apical macula that extends to suture.

OBL 6.08 – 6.66 mm. Length (n = five males, one female): head 0.78 – 0.92, pronotum 1.04 – 1.20, elytra 4.33 – 5.00, metepisternum 0.96 – 1.20 mm; width: head 1.52 – 1.72, pronotum 1.76 – 2.08, elytra 3.16 – 3.66, metepisternum 0.60 – 0.68 mm.

Body proportions. HW/HL 1.86 – 2.00; PWM/PL 1.57 – 1.79; EL/EW 1.32 – 1.40; ML/MW 1.56 – 1.76.

Color. Fig. 44. Dorsum of head brunneous to rufo-piceous, clypeus, antennae, and palpi brunneous to rufo-brunneous; disc of pronotum brunneous to rufo-piceous, lateral margins testaceous to rufo-brunneous, contrastingly lighter then disc; elytral disc, with four testaceous maculae, two anterior and two posterior, anterior macula large, from interval 3 to 7, closest to base of elytra in interval 5, closest to apex of elytra in interval 4, posterior macula, from suture to interval 8, closest to base of elytra in intervals 4 and 5, closest to apex of elytra in interval 3; margins of elytra testaceous to rufo-brunneous; ventral surface with thoracic and abdominal tergites rufo-testaceous to rufo-piceous, proepipleuron and elytral epipleuron contrastingly lighter, brunneo-testaceous to rufo-brunneous; legs with trochanter and femora and tarsi brunneo-testaceous to rufo-brunneous, tibia rufo-brunneous to piceous on dorsal surface.

Figure 44. 

Dorsal habitus and color pattern of C. (Coptoderina) maculata (Dupuis). (OBL 6.66 mm).

Microsculpture. Dorsum of head with sculpticells granulate and isodiametric, easily visible at 50× magnification; pronotum somewhat granulate, transverse mesh pattern easily visible at 50×; elytral intervals with transverse sculpticells, center of striae with isodiametric sculpticells, one to two cells wide; ventral surface of head, smooth with microsculpture not visible at 50×; prosternum, proepipleuron, mesepisternum and metepisternum with sculpticells forming a shallow, somewhat transverse to transverse mesh.

Macrosculpture. Dorsum of head and clypeus faintly rugulose to smooth, with relatively dense, fine and scattered setigerous punctures, setae hardly visible at 50×; pronotum with fine and scattered setigerous punctures, visible in side view at 50×, disc shallowly regulose; elytra with intervals broadly rounded, single row of fine setigerous punctures in the center of each interval, these punctures larger than additional scattered setigerous puncture throughout disc, striae with single row of fine setigerous punctures hardly visible in lateral view at 50×; ventrally, thoracic and abdominal sclerites with scattered setigerous punctures throughout.

Fixed setae. Elytra with two setae in apical 1/3 of stria 2, one seta near base in stria 3.

Luster. Dorsal and ventral surfaces moderately glossy.

Head. Mandibles somewhat curved at apex, somewhat long and narrow in form, when measured on outside diameter, visible portion shorter than length of labrum; labrum slightly wider than clypeus at max width, broadly bilobed.

Pronotum. Anterior transverse impression deep; posterior transverse impression deep, median longitudinal impression moderately deep; lateral margins explanate, apico-lateral margins broadly rounded, posterio-lateral margins obtuse.

Elytra. Apex slightly sinuate.

Legs. Two rows of small squamo-setae on tarsomeres 1–2 of mid-leg; males with two notches apically on ventral side of mid-tibia.

Male genitalia. Figs 45A–C, 46A. Length 1.08 – 1.44 mm. Ostium catopic. Phallus cylindrical, right side straight along length, left side curving slightly from mid-length to apex when viewed ventrally, distinctively wide medially in lateral view, apical area very short and bluntly rounded apex, slightly curved upwards in lateral view; endophallus, relatively short and stout, one large and distinctive microtrichial field, microtrichia longer and more dense on right side, sclerotized ring of distinctively large spines (esr) at narrowest portion of apical constriction.

Figure 45. 

Digital images of male genitalia of C. (Coptoderina) maculata (Dupuis). A right lateral aspect B ventral aspect C left lateral aspect. Legend: esr endophallic sclerite ring.

Figure 46. 

Digital images comparing the everted endophallus characteristics, left lateral aspect, of AC. (Coptoderina) maculata (Dupuis) BC. (Coptoderina) marginata (Dupuis) Legend: esp endophallic spine patch; esr endophallus sclerite ring.

Female genitalia. Fig. 57D. Width 0.96 mm. One spermatheca (sp1), cylindrical, ribbed laterally along length; spermathecal accessory gland not observed; spermathecal gland (sgd) duct broken before apex but distinctively swollen along length, attachment site near apex of large diverticulum (div) of spermatheca; bursa copulatrix (bc) with distinctive sac at apical end (bs), large and somewhat cylindrical, coming to a point at the apex.

The known elevational range of C. maculata is from 100 to 950 meters. Adults of this species are found in mixed forest of montane areas. Little is known of the habits of this species. Specimens have been collected from January to September with the most being collected in June. Methods of collecting include u.v. light sheet, light trap, and hand collecting.

Coptodera maculata is known only from Taiwan. See Figure 59.

Paratype (female) labeled: “Hoozan/Formosa/H. Sauter II 10”; “Paratyp” [rectangular, red paper]; “DUPUIS DET.”; “Coptodera/formosana/marginata/D”. six specimens of C. marginata, five males and one female. For further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.

Taiwan (Formosa: Hoozan).

Specimens of this species are easily distinguished from other Taiwanese Coptodera by a combination of elytra with one seta in apical 1/4 of stria 3, one seta in apical 1/3 of stria 2, light lateral margins and an apical macula that does not extend to suture.

OBL 8.16 – 9.83 mm. Length (n = five males, one female): head 0.88 – 1.00, pronotum 1.16 – 1.44, elytra 5.16 – 6.16, metepisternum 1.20 – 1.32 mm; width: head 1.76 – 2.04, pronotum 2.24 – 2.68, elytra 3.66 – 4.66, metepisternum 0.68 – 0.84 mm.

Body proportions. HW/HL 1.91 – 2.14; PWM/PL 1.79 – 1.97; EL/EW 1.30 – 1.42; ML/MW 1.57 – 1.76.

Color. Fig. 47. Dorsum of head brunneous to rufo-piceous, area nearest to antennal socket brunneous to rufo-brunneous, clypeus, antennae, and palpi brunneous to rufo-brunneous; disc of pronotum brunneous to rufo-piceous, lateral margins testaceous to rufo-brunneous, always contrastingly lighter then disc; elytral disc, with four testaceous maculae, two anterior and two posterior, anterior macula large, from interval 3 to 7 in most specimens, closest to base of elytra in interval 5 and 6, closest to apex of elytra in interval 4, posterior macula, from interval 2 to 8, closest to base of elytra in intervals 4 and 5, closest to apex of elytra in interval 3 or 4; margins of elytra rufo-testaceous to brunneous; ventral surface with thoracic and abdominal tergites rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous, proepipleuron and elytral epipleuron always contrastingly lighter, brunneo-testaceous to rufo-brunneous; legs with trochanter and femora and tarsi brunneous to rufo-brunneous, tibia rufo-brunneous to piceous on dorsal surface.

Figure 47. 

Dorsal habitus and color pattern of C. (Coptoderina) marginata (Dupuis). (OBL 9.24 mm).

Microsculpture. Dorsum of head with microsculpture somewhat granulate and isodiametric on center of head and towards neck, outer portions less granulate to almost flat, easily visible at 50×; pronotum somewhat granulate, isodiametric to somewhat transverse mesh pattern easily visible at 50×; elytral intervals with transverse sculpticells, center of striae with isodiametric sculpticells a few cells wide; ventral surface of head with microsculpture transverse, faintly visible at 50×; prosternum, proepipleuron, mesepisternum and metepisternum with sculpticells forming a shallow, somewhat transverse to transverse mesh.

Macrosculpture and pilosity. Dorsum of head and clypeus faintly rugulose, with relatively dense, fine, scattered setigerous punctures, setae hardly visible at 50×; pronotum with relatively dense, fine and scattered setigerous punctures, visible in side view at 50×, disc shallowly rugulose; elytra with intervals broadly rounded, single row of fine setigerous punctures in the center of each interval, these punctures larger than additional scattered setigerous puncture throughout disc, striae with single row of fine setigerous punctures hardly visible in lateral view at 50×; ventrally, thoracic and abdominal sclerites with scattered setigerous punctures throughout.

Fixed setae. Elytra with two setae in apical 1/3 of stria 2, one seta near base in stria 3.

Luster. Dorsal and ventral surfaces moderately glossy.

Head. Mandibles somewhat curved at apex, somewhat long and narrow in form, when measured on outside diameter, visible portion always shorter than length of labrum; labrum slightly wider than clypeus at max width, broadly bilobed.

Pronotum. Anterior transverse impression deep; posterior transverse impression deep, median longitudinal impression moderately deep; lateral margins explanate, apico-lateral margins broadly rounded, posterio-lateral margins obtuse.

Elytra. Apex slightly sinuate.

Legs. Two rows of small squamo-setae on tarsomeres 1–2 of mid-leg; males with two notches apically on ventral side of mid-tibia.

Male genitalia. Figs 46B, 48A–C. Length 1.54 – 1.64 mm. Ostium catopic, opening positioned slightly left of center. Phallus cylindrical, right side straight along length, left side curving from mid-length to apex when viewed ventrally, apical area with short, bluntly rounded apex; endophallus long and narrow, with constriction near base, two distinctive microtrichial fields, one large one towards apical end, one smaller and more dense one (esp) between basal constriction and larger microtrichial field, sclerotized ring of spines at narrowest portion of apical constriction.

Figure 48. 

Digital images of male genitalia of C. (Coptoderina) marginata (Dupuis). A right lateral aspect B ventral aspect C left lateral aspect. Legend: esp endophallic spine patch.

Female genitalia. Fig. 58A. Width 1.38 mm. The single female specimen dissected was in very poor condition and all other accessory organs were destroyed in prep.

The known elevational range of C. marginata is from 1000 to 1200 meters. Adults of this species are found in mixed forest of montane areas. Little is known of the habits of this species. Specimens have been collected from April to September in Taiwan and methods of collecting include malaise trap and hand collecting.

Coptodera marginata is known from Japan and Taiwan. For Taiwan collecting localities see Figure 60.

From Latin occulta, meaning hidden or mysterious. Previous to this work only two specimens were known from collections.

Holotype (male) labeled “Holotype” [circular, ringed with red]; “TAIWAN Pingdong co./Lanren River/2011.IV.30 by light”; leg. Kenting National Park Insect Survey/22°2'37.3"N, 120°51'5.5"E/#348”; “6446”; “NCHU# 101601”. Seven paratypes of C. occulta: one male and six females. For further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.

Taiwan. Lanren River area, Pingdong county.

This species is most similar to C. japonica but is easily distinguished by the testaceous margin of the pronotum (black or just slightly lighter in color in C. japonica) and the almost straight elytral apex.

OBL 7.33 – 8.67 mm. Length (n = two males, six females): head 0.80 – 0.92, pronotum 1.12 – 1.28, elytra 4.33 – 5.33, metepisternum 1.08 – 1.36 mm; width: head 1.60 – 1.88, pronotum 1.84 – 2.24, elytra 3.16 – 3.83, metepisternum 0.64 – 0.72 mm.

Body proportions. HW/HL 1.91 – 2.12; PWM/PL 1.64 – 1.75; EL/EW 1.27 – 1.43; ML/MW 1.5 – 2.13.

Color. Fig. 49. Dorsum of head rufo-piceous to piceous, area nearest to antennal socket brunneous to rufo-piceous, clypeus and labrum with lateral margins testaceous to brunneo-testaceous, centrally, brunneo-piceous to piceous, antennae and palpi brunneo-testaceous to rufo-brunneous; disc of pronotum rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous, margins lighter, brunneo-testaceous to rufo-brunneous; elytral disc black, with four testaceous maculae, two anterior and two posterior, anterior macula large, from interval 3 to 8, closest to base of elytra in interval 5, closest to apex of elytra in interval 4, posterior macula, from interval 2 to 8 (sometimes 1), closest to base of elytra in intervals 4 and 5, closest to apex of elytra in interval 4; margins of elytra rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous; ventral surface rufo-brunneous to piceous; legs with trochanter and femora and tarsi brunneous to rufo-brunneous, tibia rufo-brunneous to piceous on dorsal surface.

Figure 49. 

Dorsal habitus and color pattern of C. (Coptoderina) occulta sp. n.. (OBL 8.24 mm).

Microsculpture. Dorsum of head with microsculpture somewhat granulate and isodiametric, easily visible at 50× magnification; pronotum somewhat granulate, transverse to almost isodiametric in margins, mesh pattern easily visible at 50×; elytral intervals with transverse sculpticells, center of striae with isodiametric sculpticells a few cells wide; ventral surface of head with microsculpture not visible at 50×; prosternum, proepipleuron, mesepisternum and metepisternum with sculpticells forming a shallow transverse to nearly isodiametric mesh.

Macrosculpture. Dorsum of head and clypeus smooth, with fine and scattered setigerous punctures, setae hardly visible at 50×; pronotum with fine, scattered setigerous punctures, visible in side view at 50×, disc shallowly rugulose; elytra with intervals rounded, single row of fine setigerous punctures in the center of each interval, these punctures larger than additional scattered setigerous puncture throughout disc, striae punctate, with single row of fine setigerous punctures hardly visible in lateral view at 50×; ventrally, thoracic and abdominal sclerites with scattered setigerous punctures throughout.

Fixed setae. Elytra with two setae in apical 1/3 of stria 2, one seta near base in stria 3.

Luster. Dorsal and ventral surfaces moderately glossy.

Head. Fig. 50A. Mandibles somewhat curved at apex, relatively long and narrow in form, when measured on outside diameter, visible portion shorter than length of labrum; labrum stout and rounded, slightly wider than clypeus at max width, broadly bilobed and widely emarginated.

Figure 50. 

Line drawings comparing the form and setae pattern of labial (lbp) and maxillary palpi (mxp), right ventral aspect, of AC. (Coptoderina) occulta sp. n. and B Formosiella flavomaculata (Shibata). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Pronotum. Anterior transverse impression deep; posterior transverse impression deep; median longitudinal impression moderately deep; lateral margins explanate, apico-lateral margins broadly rounded, posterio-lateral margins obtuse.

Elytra. Apex slightly sinuate.

Legs. Two rows of small squamo-setae on tarsomeres 1–2 of mid-leg, males with two notches apically on ventral side of mid-tibia.

Male genitalia. Fig. 51A–D. Length 1.32 – 1.34 mm. Ostium slightly left pleuropic. Phallus cylindrical, right side straight along length, left side curving slightly from mid-length to apex of ostium when viewed ventrally, apical area with short, bluntly rounded apex; endophallus moderately short and stout, microtrichia dispersed somewhat evenly in apical portion (mtf), small microtrichia in basal 1/3 and increasing in length towards apex, sclerotized ring of spines (esr) near apex .

Figure 51. 

Digital images of male genitalia of C. (Coptoderina) occulta sp. n.. A right lateral aspect, endophallus everted B right lateral aspect C ventral aspect D left lateral aspect. Legend: esr endophallus sclerite ring; mtf microtrichial field.

Female genitalia. Fig. 58B. Width 1.04 mm. One spermatheca (sp1), cylindrical and long, ribbed laterally along length; one spermathecal accessory gland (sg), large and distinctively elongate; spermathecal gland duct (sgd) longer than length of spermatheca, slightly swollen at apical end, just before gland, attachment site on apex of bilobed diverticulum (div) of spermatheca; bursa copulatrix (bc) with distinctive, sac at apical end (bs), constricted near opening to common oviduct, then expanding out into a distinctively large chamber.

The known elevational range of C. occulta sp. n. is from 200 to 640 meters. Adults of this species are found in mixed forest of montane areas. Little is known of the habits of this species. Specimens have been collected from March to September in Taiwan and methods of collecting include u.v. light, light trap, flight intercept trap, and hand collecting.

Coptodera occulta is known only from Taiwan. See Figure 60.

Holotype (female) labeled “Formosa/H. Kono”; “TYPUS” [red rectangle, black border]; “Mus Nat. Pragae/Inv. 65 210”; Proksi sp.n./det.ING.JEDLICKA”; “NCHU# 101670”. 54 specimens of C. proksi: 38 males and 16 females. For further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.

Taiwan.

Specimens of this species are easily distinguished from other Taiwanese Coptodera by a combination of elytra with one seta in apical 1/4 of stria 3 and no setae in stria 2.

OBL 6.66 – 8.50 mm. Length (n = ten males, ten females): head 0.62 – 0.80, pronotum 1.08 – 1.40, elytra 4.08 – 5.16, metepisternum 0.96 – 1.32 mm; width: head 1.40 – 1.72, pronotum 1.86 – 2.36, elytra 3.16 – 3.83, metepisternum 0.52 – 0.72 mm.

Body proportions. HW/HL 2.00 – 2.37; PWM/PL 1.47 – 1.81; EL/EW 1.29 – 1.42; ML/MW 1.69 – 2.08.

Color. Fig. 52. Dorsum of head rufo-piceous to piceous, clypeus rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous, always lighter than head, labrum rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous, always lighter than clypeus, antennae and palpi brunneous to rufo-brunneous; disc of pronotum rufo-piceous to piceous, lateral margins rufous to rufo-piceous, always somewhat lighter then disc; disc of elytra black, with four testaceous to rufo-testaceous maculae, two anterior and two posterior, anterior macula relatively narrow, variable, from interval 3 or 4 to 7 or 8, closest to base of elytra in interval 7 (when reduced, sometimes 4), closest to apex of elytra in interval 4, posterior macula relatively narrow, from interval 1 (sometimes suture) to interval 8, closest to base of elytra in intervals 4 and 5, closest to apex of elytra in interval 3; margins of elytra brunneous to rufo-brunneous; ventral surface with thoracic and abdominal tergites brunneous to rufo-piceous; legs with trochanter and femora and tarsi brunneous to rufo-brunneous, tibia rufo-brunneous to piceous on dorsal surface.

Figure 52. 

Dorsal habitus and color pattern of C. (Coptoderina) proksi Jedlička. (OBL 6.98 mm).

Microsculpture and pilosity. Dorsum of head with microsculpture somewhat granulate and +/- isodiametric, easily visible at 50× magnification; pronotum variable, transverse on disc to almost isodiametric near margins; elytral intervals with transverse sculpticells, center of striae with isodiametric sculpticells, one to two cells wide; ventral surface of head, smooth with microsculpture not visible at 50×. Prosternum, proepipleuron, mesepisternum and metepisternum with sculpticells forming a shallow, somewhat transverse to transverse mesh.

Macrosculpture. Dorsum of head somewhat rugulose between eyes, clypeus faintly rugulose to smooth, both head and clypeus with relatively dense, fine and scattered setigerous punctures, setae hardly visible at 50×; pronotum with fine and scattered setigerous punctures, visible in side view at 50×, disc shallowly rugulose to smooth; elytra with intervals somewhat flat, entire dorsal surface with fine scattered setigerous punctures, hardly visible in lateral view at 50× , striae impunctate; ventrally, thoracic and abdominal sclerites with scattered setigerous punctures throughout.

Fixed setae. Elytra with one seta near apex of stria 2, one seta near base in stria 3; ventrally, prosternal process with dense, circular patch of setae at base in males.

Luster. Dorsal and ventral surfaces moderately glossy.

Head. Mandibles somewhat curved at apex, somewhat long and narrow in form, when measured on outside diameter, visible portion approximately half the length of the labrum; labrum bilobed, right lobe occasionally slightly longer than left.

Pronotum. Anterior transverse impression shallow; posterior transverse impression moderately shallow, median longitudinal impression moderately shallow; lateral margins explanate, apico-lateral margins rounded into distinctive lobes, posterio-lateral margins obtuse.

Elytra. Apex slightly sinuate to almost truncate.

Legs. Fig. 53. Two rows of small squamo-setae on tarsomeres 1–2 of mid-leg, finer and more difficult to observe than other species, males with one meso-tibial notch (mtn) apically on ventral side of meso-tibia.

Figure 53. 

Line drawing of the meso-tibia of C. (Coptoderina) proksi Jedlička, showing seta pattern and placement of meso-tibial notch (mtn).

Male genitalia. Fig. 54A–D. Length 1.80 – 1.92 mm. Ostium left pleuropic. Phallus cylindrical, right side straight along length, left side curving slightly from mid-length to apex of ostium when viewed ventrally, apical area distinctively long and narrow along length, rounded apex, slightly curved upwards in lateral view; endophallus, relatively short and stout, distinctive form, bent medially, one large field of long spines (esp) on outer surface of medial bend.

Figure 54. 

Digital images of male genitalia of C. (Coptoderina) proksi Jedlička. A right lateral aspect, endophallus everted B right lateral aspect C ventral aspect D left lateral aspect. Legend: esp endophallic spine patch.

Female genitalia. Fig. 58C. Width 1.20 mm. One spermatheca (sp1), cylindrical, ribbed laterally along length, bent medially; one spermathecal accessory gland, relatively long and narrow in form; spermathecal gland (sgd) duct slightly swollen in apical half, attachment site near apex of diverticulum (div) of spermatheca; bursa copulatrix (bc) with bursa split into two portions basally, left side with large bursal diverticulum (bd) of similar width as remaining bursa on right side, main duct of bursa with distinctive sac at apical end (bs), large and somewhat spherical in form, additional tissue behind chamber with many infoldings.

The known elevational range of C. proksi is from 640 to 2095 meters. Notably, only one of the 54 specimens collected was found at 640 meters, all remaining specimens were collected from 1400 to 2095 meters. Adults of this species are found in mixed forest of montane areas. This species is crepuscular and found on both trunks of live trees and recently dead or dying trees as night. Specimens have been collected from May to September with most being collected in July. Methods of collecting include u.v. light sheet, m.v. light sheet, light trap, at sugar bait, and hand collecting.

Coptodera proksi is known only from Taiwan. See Figure 60.

Holotype (male) labeled “HOLOTYPE” [rectangular, red paper]; “27 VII 1936/Tyokakurai/DAIBU”; From Coll./Asahina”; NAKANE Coll./SEHU JAPAN/1999”; “0000005409/Sys. Ent/Hokkaido Univ./Japan [SEHU]; “HOLOTYPE/Appended label by/N. Inari/2008; “NCHU#/101663”. One allotype (female on same pin as type specimen) and 62 other specimens of C. taiwana: 35 males and 27 females. For further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.

Taiwan. Taitung county, Dawu township.

Specimens of this species are easily distinguished from other Taiwanese Coptodera by a head a pronotum that is metallic green.

OBL 5.00 – 6.33 mm. Length (n = ten males, ten females): head 0.56 – 0.74, pronotum 0.80 – 1.00, elytra 3.00 – 3.83, metepisternum 0.68 – 0.88 mm; width: head 1.10 – 1.40, pronotum 1.36 – 1.80, elytra 2.33 – 3.00, metepisternum 0.40 – 0.52 mm.

Body proportions. HW/HL 1.77 – 2.07; PWM/PL 1.67 – 1.82; EL/EW 1.26 – 1.42; ML/MW 1.55 – 1.70.

Color. Fig. 55. See notes on coloration below. Dorsum of head piceous with faint metallic sheen, clypeus rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous, always lighter than head, labrum rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous, always slightly lighter than clypeus, contrasting with testaceous mandible base, antennae and palpi testaceous to rufo-brunneous; disc of pronotum brunneo-piceous to piceous, with faint metallic sheen, lateral margins testaceous to rufo-brunneous, always lighter then disc; disc of elytra black, with four testaceous macula, two anterior and two posterior, variable, anterior macula from interval 2 or 3 to 6 or 7, closest to base of elytra in interval 6 (when reduced, sometimes 4), closest to apex of elytra in interval 4, macula distinctively long in interval 4 compared to other intervals; posterior macula from suture (few specimens from interval 1) to interval 8 (few specimens to interval 7), closest to base of elytra in interval 5, closest to apex of elytra in interval 3; margins of elytra brunneous to rufo-brunneous; ventral surface with thoracic and abdominal tergites rufo-brunneous to rufo-piceous, margins of abdominal tergites and metepisternum darker; legs contrastingly lighter, with trochanter and femora and tarsi testaceous to brunneo-testaceous, tibia rufo-brunneous to darker on dorsal surface.

Figure 55. 

Dorsal habitus and color pattern of C. (Coptoderina) taiwana (Nakane). (OBL 6.02 mm).

In certain light conditions this species appears to have a metallic green to cupreous head and pronotum and elytra with a faint cupreous sheen. This is so in the habitus photograph as well as our experience with them in the field, under a bright LED headlamp. Other light sources such as the Wild M5 incandescent bulb source show no apparent metallic sheen to only a faint metallic sheen. The above description is what you will typically see through a microscope.

Microsculpture. Dorsum of head with microsculpture granulate, +/- isodiametric, easily visible at 50× magnification; pronotum somewhat granulate, transverse on disc, less so at margins; elytral intervals with shallowly impressed, transverse sculpticells; ventral surface of head, smooth with microsculpture not visible at 50×; prosternum, proepipleuron, mesepisternum and metepisternum with sculpticells forming a shallow, somewhat transverse to transverse mesh.

Macrosculpture. Dorsum of head somewhat rugulose between eyes, clypeus faintly rugulose to smooth, both head and clypeus with relatively dense, fine and scattered setigerous punctures, punctures not visible and setae hardly visible at 50×; pronotum with fine and scattered setigerous punctures, punctures not visible but setae visible in side view at 50×, disc faintly rugulose to smooth; elytra with intervals somewhat flat, +/- single row of fine scattered setigerous punctures in center of each interval, hardly visible in lateral view at 50×; striae narrow, appear impunctate when viewed dorsally but with single row of fine scattered setigerous punctures, hardly visible in lateral view at 50×; ventrally, thoracic and abdominal sclerites with scattered setigerous punctures throughout.

Fixed setae. Elytra with two setae in apical 1/3 stria 2, one seta near base in stria 3; ventrally, prosternal process with dense, circular patch of setae at base in males.

Luster. Dorsal surface of head and pronotum moderately shiny; elytra shiny.

Head. Mandibles somewhat curved at apex, somewhat long and narrow in form, when measured on outside diameter, visible portion approximately half the length of the labrum; labrum bilobed, right lobe occasionally slightly longer than left.

Pronotum. Anterior transverse impression shallow; posterior transverse impression moderately shallow; median longitudinal impression moderately shallow; lateral margins explanate, apico-lateral margins rounded, somewhat lobed, posterio-lateral margins sinuate, almost right angled.

Elytra. Apex almost truncate.

Legs. Two rows of small squamo-setae on tarsomeres 1–2 of mid-leg, males with one notch apically on ventral side of mid-tibia.

Male genitalia. Fig. 56A–D. Length 1.00 – 1.14 mm. Ostium catopic, positioned on left side of dorsal surface. Phallus cylindrical, right side straight along length, left side curving slightly from mid-length to apex of ostium when viewed ventrally, apical area somewhat elongate, apex bluntly rounded, slightly curved upwards in lateral view; endophallus, relatively short, stout and bulbous, distinctive form, sclerotized ring (esr) at narrowest portion of apical constriction, spines no evident.

Figure 56. 

Digital images of male genitalia of C. (Coptoderina) taiwana (Nakane). A left lateral aspect, endophallus everted B right lateral aspect C ventral aspect D left lateral aspect. Legend: esr endophallus sclerite ring.

Female genitalia. Fig. 58D. Width 0.96 mm. One spermatheca (sp1), cylindrical, ribbed laterally along length; one spermathecal accessory gland (sg), large and somewhat cylindrical, from apex of duct appears as two chambers, a small chamber followed by a constriction approximately the width of the gland duct, to a larger apical chamber; spermathecal gland duct (sgd) attachment site apically on large diverticulum (div) of spermatheca; bursa copulatrix (bc) with distinctive sac at apical end (bs), large and somewhat cylindrical, coming to a rounded point at the apex.

Figure 57. 

Line drawings of the female reproductive tract of species of the subgenus Coptoderina Jeannel, known from Taiwan (in part), ventral aspect. AC. (C.) chaudoiri Andrewes BC. (C.) eluta Andrewes CC. (C.) japonica Bates DC. (C.) maculata (Dupuis). Legend: bc bursa copulatrix; bs blind sac; co common oviduct; des dorsal ensiform setae; div diverticulum; gc1 gonocoxite 1; gc2 gonocoxite 2; les lateral ensiform setae; lt lateral tergite; sg spermathecal gland; sgd spermathecal gland duct; sp1 spermatheca 1. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 58. 

Line drawings of the female reproductive tract of species of the subgenus Coptoderina Jeannel, known from Taiwan (in part), ventral aspect. AC. (C.) marginata (Dupuis), badly damaged BC. (C.) occulta sp. n. CC. (C.) proksi Jedlička DC. (C.) taiwana (Nakane). Legend: bc bursa copulatrix; bs blind sac; co common oviduct; des dorsal ensiform setae; div diverticulum; gc1 gonocoxite 1; gc2 gonocoxite 2; les lateral ensiform setae; lt lateral tergite; sg spermathecal gland; sgd spermathecal gland duct; sp1 spermatheca 1. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

The known elevational range of C. taiwana is from 100 to 1150 meters. Adults of this species are found in mixed forest of montane areas. This species is crepuscular and specimens can occasionally be found on trunks of live trees but is most commonly collected on deadwood. Specimens have been collected from March to December. Methods of collecting include u.v. light sheet, light trap, sweep netting, hand collecting, and insecticidal fogging of Pinus morrisonicola Hayata.

Coptodera taiwana is known from Japan and Taiwan. For Taiwan collecting localities see Figure 60.

Figure 59. 

Map showing known localities for species of the genus Coptodera Dejean, subgenus Coptoderina Jeannel, in Taiwan (in part).

Figure 60. 

Map showing known localities for species of the genus Coptodera Dejean, subgenus Coptoderina Jeannel, in Taiwan (in part).

Dolichoctis striata Schmidt-Goebel, 1846 (monotypic).

Burma.

Color. Various.

Microsculpture. Elytra with shallow, transverse sculpticells; ventral surface of head with microsculpture transverse, visible at 50×; prosternum, proepipleuron, mesepisternum and metepisternum with sculpticells forming a shallow transverse to almost isodiametric mesh.

Macrosculpture and pilosity. Dorsum of head smooth.

Fixed setae. Two pairs of supraorbital setae; clypeus with two lateral setae; labrum with six setae along apical margin; one pair of suborbital setae; pronotum with two pairs of setae, one at base of lateral margin and one on lateral margin at pronotum max width; 16 lateral (umbilical) setae in interval 9; ventral surface with fine, scattered setigerous punctures, two setae on each of abdominal sterna III to VI; two setae along apical margin of sternum VII in males, females with four setae near apical margin of sternum VII.

Head. Mandibles curved at apex; setose towards apex, visible when viewed laterally; mentum with no tooth; eyes convex; palpi cylindrical, elongate, setose.

Hind wings. Macropterous.

Legs. Tarsal claws denticulate, three to four denticles per claw; males with adhesive vestiture ventrally, two rows of squamo-setae at apex of tarsomeres 1–3 of fore-leg.

Female genitalia. Gonocoxite 2 (gc2) wide at base, narrowing and curving outwards from mid-length; two lateral ensiform setae (les) and one dorsal ensiform seta (des) present. Sensory furrow, furrow pegs and associated nematiform setae not observed.