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Currently, the number of valid species of Onychophora is uncertain. To facilitate taxonomic work on this understudied animal group, we present an updated checklist for the two extant onychophoran subgroups, Peripatidae and Peripatopsidae, along with an assessment of the status of each species. According to our study, 82 species of Peripatidae and 115 species of Peripatopsidae have been described thus far. However, among these 197 species, 20 are nomina dubia due to major taxonomic inconsistencies. Apart from nomina dubia, many of the valid species also require revision, in particular representatives of Paraperipatus within the Peripatopsidae, and nearly all species of Peripatidae. In addition to extant representatives, the record of unambiguous fossils includes three species with uncertain relationship to the extant taxa. For all species, we provide a list of synonyms, information on types and type localities, as well as remarks on taxonomic and nomenclatural problems and misspellings. According to recent evidence of high endemism and cryptic speciation among the Peripatidae and Peripatopsidae, previous synonyms are revised. Putative mutations, subspecies and variations are either raised to the species status or synonymised with corresponding taxa. In our revised checklist, we follow the rules and recommendations of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to clarify previous inconsistencies.
Peripatidae, Peripatopsidae, species list, catalogue, taxonomy
Although onychophorans play an important role in studies of animal evolution, biogeography and conservation (
In this study, we compiled a checklist of all described species of Onychophora and re-evaluated their species status following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Our checklist summarizes information on valid species names, synonyms, description language, type locality, type designation and location of holotypes. Additional remarks highlight aspects relevant for future work, which will help improve our knowledge of the taxonomy and species diversity of Onychophora.
Diagram illustrating the number of species descriptions of Onychophora per year since the very first description of an onychophoran species by
The checklist of all described species of Onychophora was compiled by gathering, translating and interpreting information from the literature and from museums’ databases (Natural History Museum of London – NHM, United Kingdom, and Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle of Paris, France). Information on cryptic speciation and point endemism, common among species of Peripatidae and Peripatopsidae (
In the list, valid species names are sorted in alphabetical order and numbered consecutively within Peripatidae and Peripatopsidae. Fossil species are numbered separately at the end of the list. Nomina dubia are left unnumbered and listed after the valid names of each genus. No abbreviations are used for genus names in order to avoid confusion among species with a similar epithet. Each taxon/species name is accompanied by the corresponding author and year. Synonyms are arranged in chronological order and only the first reference mentioning a particular synonym is cited. Misspellings were not regarded as synonyms but are discussed in the Remarks section for each species. Only the data on the holotype are considered since it represents a single specimen, while syntypes may originate from different localities and, thus, they might represent different species. Only the type locality data are provided for each species rather than its putative range of distribution. Old locality names were updated and country names are provided in capitals according to their current political borders. The International System of Units (SI) is used throughout the list. The original information found in the literature is provided along with the converted units (1ft = 0.3048 m; 1 mile = 1.6 km). All available data on the type localities of valid species (Fig. 2) as well as on the localities of species regarded as nomina dubia herein (Fig. 3) are included into a world map based on the information obtained using the freeware Google Earth®.
Overview map with type localities of valid onychophoran species worldwide. The type localities of the Peripatidae species are indicated by blue dots, those of the Peripatopsidae species by red dots.
Overview map withlocalities of onychophoran species regarded as nomina dubia in the present work. Note that the localities of these species are imprecise. The localities of the Peripatidae species are indicated in blue, those of the Peripatopsidae species in red. Numbers refer to the following species: 1 Paraperipatus amboinensis Pflugfelder, 1948 2 Paraperipatus stresemanni Bouvier, 1914b 3 Paraperipatus leopoldi Leloup, 1931 4 Paraperipatus schultzei Heymons, 19125 Peripatoides morgani Trewick, 1998 6 Peripatoides novaezealandiae (Hutton, 1876) 7 Peripatoides aurorbis Trewick, 1998 8 Peripatoides sympatrica Trewick, 1998 9 Ooperipatellus cryptus Jackson & Taylor, 1994 10 Paropisthopatus costesi (Gravier & Fage, 1925) 11 Metaperipatus blainvillei (Gervais, 1837) 12 Oroperipatus peruanus (Grube, 1876) 13 Oroperipatus quitensis (Schmarda, 1871) 14 Oroperipatus goudoti (Bouvier, 1899c) 15 Epiperipatus nicaraguensis (Bouvier, 1900a) 16 Peripatus antiguensis Bouvier, 1899c 17 Peripatus bavaysi Bouvier, 1899c 18 Macroperipatus geayi (Bouvier, 1899c) 19 Epiperipatus tucupi (Froehlich, 1968) 20 Eoperipatus sumatranus (Sedgwick, 1888).
Type genus: Peripatus Guilding, 1826
Remark: A thorough revision of the group, particularly neotropical genera, is required (
Type species: Eoperipatus horsti (Evans, 1901a), designated herein (see Remarks).
Remarks: So far, no type species has been designated for the genus. Taking into account the recommendations of the ICZN (Art. 67) and the amount of information available in the literature, we designate Eoperipatus horsti as the type species of the genus since it is the only originally included nominal species for which data from both sexes are available.
1. Eoperipatus butleri Evans, 1901b
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: Malaysia, Perak, Bukit Larut (Larut Hills), 1, 219 m (4, 000 ft).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks:
2. Eoperipatus horsti Evans, 1901a
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: Malaysia, Kelantan, Kuala Aring.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks:
3. Eoperipatus weldoni Evans, 1901a
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: Malaysia, Bukit Besar, “on the boundary line between the States of Nawng Chick and Jalor, a full day’s journey from the town of Patani”, 686 m (2, 250 ft) (see Remarks).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The name Bukit Besar is currently attributed to different localities in Malaysia but evidence indicates that the putative type locality might be within the limits of the Bukit Perangin Forest Reserve, northern Malaysia, next to the border with the southern part of Thailand. An area referred to as Bukit Besar, located in the western part of the Forest Reserve, fits with the information on the altitude (690 m) and the distance from Patani (104 km from Pattani, South Thailand) provided by
Nomen dubium
Eoperipatus sumatranus (Sedgwick, 1888)
Synonyms: Peripatus sumatranus, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: Unknown.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Holotype not clearly designated in the original description. The type locality of this species is unlikely to be Sumatra since the collector might have never been on this island (
Type species: Epiperipatus edwardsii (Blanchard, 1847), by original designation (
Remarks: The name was introduced initially as a subgenus of Peripatus (see
4. Epiperipatus acacioi (Marcus & Marcus, 1955)
Synonyms: Peripatus ouropretanus (junior synonym;
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, Ecological Station of Tripuí, 20°23'45"S, 43°34'33"W, 1, 215 m.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The name Peripatus ouropretanus is regarded here as a nomen nudum. The species has been misspelt as Penipatus [sic] (Macroperipatus acacioi) and Penipatus [sic] (Macroperipatus) acacioi in
5. Epiperipatus adenocryptus Oliveira, Lacorte, Fonseca, Wieloch & Mayer, 2011
Synonyms: Epiperipatus analogos (nomen nudum;
Holotype: Deposited in the Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Type locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Santa Bárbara do Leste, Córrego dos Ferreiras, 19°58'59"S, 42°06'46"W, 1, 050 m.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The name Epiperipatus analogos (see
6. Epiperipatus barbadensis (Froehlich, 1962)
Synonyms: Peripatus (Peripatus) dominicae barbadensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Deposited in the Zoology Department of the Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Type locality: Barbados Island, St. John, Codrington College.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: See
7. Epiperipatus barbouri (Brues, 1911)
Synonyms: Peripatus barbouri, by original designation (
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
Type locality: Grenada Island, Grand Etang, 548 m (1, 800 ft).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: See
8. Epiperipatus betheli (Cockerell, 1913a)
Synonyms: Peripatus (Epiperipatus) biolleyi var. betheli, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: Guatemala, Puerto Barrios.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: We regard Epiperipatus betheli as a species rather than a variation of Epiperipatus biolleyi because of the great distance (808 km) between the type localities of the two species. Revision is required as it might reveal morphological and molecular differences between Epiperipatus betheli and Epiperipatus biolleyi. Requires revision.
9. Epiperipatus biolleyi (Bouvier, 1902a)
Synonyms: Peripatus biolleyi, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: Costa Rica, environs of San José (see Remarks).
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: Holotype not clearly designated in the original description. According to
10. Epiperipatus brasiliensis (Bouvier, 1899a)
Synonyms: Peripatus santarem (senior synonym;
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: Brazil, Pará, Santarém.
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: The name Peripatus brasiliensis is a junior synonym of Peripatus santarem (
11. Epiperipatus broadwayi (Clark, 1913a)
Synonyms: Peripatus (Epiperipatus) trinidadensis var. broadwayi (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: Tobago Island. The precise locality might be the Tobago Forest Reserve (see Remarks).
Language of species description: Italian.
Remarks: The precise type locality is not provided in the original description (
12. Epiperipatus cratensis Brito, Pereira, Ferreira, Vasconscellos & Almeida, 2010
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the invertebrate collection of the Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Brazil.
Type locality: Brazil, Ceará, Crato, Rio Batateiras, 07°16’S, 39°26’W.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Requires revision.
13. Epiperipatus diadenoproctus Oliveira, Lacorte, Fonseca, Wieloch & Mayer, 2011
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Type locality: BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Simonésia, RPPN (=Particular Reserve of Natural Patrimony) Mata do Sossego, 20°04'21"S, 42°04'12"W, 1, 150 m.
Language of species description: English.
Remark: The species diagnosis contains morphological and molecular characters (
14. Epiperipatus edwardsii (Blanchard, 1847)
Synonyms: Peripatus edwardsii, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: FRENCH GUIANA, Cayenne (see Remarks).
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: According to
15. Epiperipatus evansi (Bouvier, 1904a)
Synonyms: Peripatus evansi, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: British Guyana, Maccasseema on Pomeroon River.
Language of species description: French.
Remark: Requires revision.
16. Epiperipatus hilkae Morera-Brenes & Monge-Nájera, 1990
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museo de Zoologia de la Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Type locality: COSTA RICA, Nicoya, Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Barra Honda, Bosque de las Cascadas, 10°11'N, 85°20'W, 200 m (see Remarks).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The species description was based on specimens from different localities (62 km apart from each other). Thus, it might comprise a species complex, which requires revision.
17. Epiperipatus imthurni (Sclater, 1888)
Synonyms: Peripatus demeraranus (junior synonym;
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: British Guyana, Maccaseema on Pomeroon river (see Remarks).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The species name is commonly misspelt as imthurmi (e.g.,
18. Epiperipatus isthmicola (Bouvier, 1902b)
Synonyms: Peripatus nicaraguensis var. isthmicola, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: COSTA RICA, Cartago, environs of San José (see Remarks).
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: The holotype has not been clearly designated in the original description. According to
19. Epiperipatus lewisi Arnett, 1961
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., USA.
Type locality: JAMAICA, Portland, John Crow Mountains, ca. 16 km (10 miles) southwest of Priestman’s river.
Language of species description: English.
Remark: Requires revision.
20. Epiperipatus machadoi (Oliveira & Wieloch, 2005)
Synonyms: Macroperipatus machadoi, by original designation (
Holotype: Deposited in the Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Type locality: BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Caratinga, RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdala, 19°43'52"S, 41°49'02"W, 410 m.
Language of species description: Portuguese.
21. Epiperipatus paurognostus Oliveira, Lacorte, Fonseca, Wieloch & Mayer, 2011
Synonyms: Epiperipatus schedocrypticus (nomen nudum;
Holotype: Deposited in the Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Type locality: BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Piedade de Caratinga, Mata do Eremitério, 19°45'33"S, 42°05'22"W, 897 m.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The name Epiperipatus schedocrypticus (
22. Epiperipatus simoni (Bouvier, 1899b)
Synonyms: Peripatus simoni, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: VENEZUELA, Caracas (see Remarks).
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: The holotype has not been clearly designated in the original description. According to
23. Epiperipatus torrealbai Scorza, 1953
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museo de Zoologia de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
Type locality: VENEZUELA, Los Chorros, near Caracas.
Language of species description: Spanish.
Remarks: Requires revision.
24. Epiperipatus trinidadensis (Sedgwick, 1888)
Synonyms: Peripatus trinidadensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: TRINIDAD (see Remarks).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: An incorrect authority (Stuhlmann) is commonly attributed to this species (e.g.,
25. Epiperipatus vagans (Brues, 1925)
Synonyms: Peripatus (Epiperipatus) brasiliensis var. vagans, by original designation (
Holotype: Deposited in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., USA.
Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: We regard Epiperipatus vagans and Epiperipatus brasiliensis as separate species rather than subspecies, due to the great distance between their type localities (3, 066 km). Revision is required as it might reveal morphological and molecular differences between Epiperipatus vagans and Epiperipatus brasiliensis.
26. Epiperipatus vespuccii Brues, 1914
Synonyms: Peripatus (Epiperipatus) vespuccii, by original designation (
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
Type locality: COLOMBIA, Magdalena, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Cincinnati Coffee Plantation, 701 m (2, 300 ft).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Requires revision.
Nomina dubia
Epiperipatus nicaraguensis (Bouvier, 1900a)
Synonyms: Peripatus nicaraguensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: NICARAGUA, Matagalpa (see Remarks).
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: The holotype has not been clearly designated in the original description.
Epiperipatus tucupi (Froehlich, 1968)
Synonyms: Peripatus (Epiperipatus) tucupi, by original designation (
Holotype: Deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Type locality: BRAZIL, Pará (see Remarks).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The description contains imprecise type locality data (the Pará State of Brazil occupies an area of 1, 247, 689.515 km2 within Amazonia). Since no further work with more precise locality data is available, a revision of this species based on topotypes will be difficult.
Heteroperipatus Zilch, 1954aType species: Heteroperipatus engelhardi Zilch, 1954a, by original designation (
27. Heteroperipatus clarki (Dunn, 1943)
Synonyms: Peripatus clarki, by original designation (
Holotype: Deposited in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.
Type locality: PANAMA, Azuero Peninsula, province of Veragua, north base of the ridge supporting Piedra del Tigre, near western border of Veragua, “two days south of Las Minas” (according to
Language of species description: English.
Remark: Note that the name clarki has also been used by
28. Heteroperipatus engelhardi Zilch, 1954a
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Likely to have been deposited in the Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt, Germany, as the author was employed at this institution at that time and used the acronym SMF in his description (
Type locality: EL SALVADOR, San Vicent, Finca El Carmen, San Vicent Vulcano (Las Chiches), 1, 300 m.
Language of species description: German.
Remark: Requires revision.
Macroperipatus (Clark, 1913b)Type species: Macroperipatus torquatus (von Kennel, 1883), by original designation (
Remarks: As for Epiperipatus. Most species might have been assigned to Macroperipatus based on a fixation artefact (
29. Macroperipatus clarki Arnett, 1961
Synonyms: Macroperipatus insularis clarki, by original designation (
Holotype: Deposited in the Science Museum of the Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica.
Type locality: JAMAICA, Portland, John Crow Mountains, ca. 8 km (5 miles) southwest of the Priestman’s River, 457 m (ca. 1, 500 ft).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Note that
30. Macroperipatus guianensis (Evans, 1903)
Synonyms: Peripatus guianensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: BRITISH GUIANA, Demerara-Haimaca, eastern bank of the river Demerara.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The holotype has not been designated explicitly, but the author used the terms “male type specimen” and “female type specimen” in his figure legends (
31. Macroperipatus insularis Clark, 1937
Synonyms: Macroperipatus insularis insularis (
Holotype: Deposited in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural Science, Washington D.C., USA.
Type locality: HAITI, between Jacmel and Tronin (see Remarks).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The current name and geographical position of Tronin could not be found. We regard Macroperipatus insularis and Macroperipatus clarki as separate species rather than subspecies due to the great distance between their type localities (430 km) situated on different islands. Revision is required as it might reveal morphological and molecular differences between Macroperipatus clarki and Macroperipatus insularis.
32. Macroperipatus ohausi (Bouvier, 1900b)
Synonyms: Peripatus ohausi, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis.
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: Although the holotype has not been clearly designated in the original description,
33. Macroperipatus perrieri (Bouvier, 1899c)
Synonyms: Peripatus perrieri, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: MEXICO, Vera Cruz.
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: The holotype has not been designated explicitly in the original description. According to
34. Macroperipatus torquatus (von Kennel, 1883)
Synonyms: Peripatus torquatus, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: TRINIDAD. The precise locality is unknown, but
Language of species description: German.
Remarks: The specimens of Macroperipatus torquatus held in the Natural History Museum of London, United Kingdom, were collected near Mount Aripo, east of Arima, 122 m (400 ft), which might be a more precise locality for the species on the island of Trinidad. Requires revision.
35. Macroperipatus valerioi Morera-Brenes & Léon, 1986
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museo de Insecto de la Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica.
Type locality: COSTA RICA, Rio Damitas, 16 km north of Puerto Quepos, 9°34'N, 84°10'W, 600 m.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Requires revision.
Nomen dubium
Macroperipatus geayi (Bouvier, 1899c)
Synonyms: Peripatus geayi, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: BRAZIL, Carsevenne (=Calçoene) (high Carsevenne according to the type specimen label; see Remarks).
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: The holotype has not been designated explicitly in the original description. According to
Type species: Mesoperipatus tholloni (Bouvier, 1898a), by subsequent monotypy.
36. Mesoperipatus tholloni (Bouvier, 1898a)
Synonyms: Peripatus tholloni, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: GABON. It might be in Ngolé, on the river Ogowe (see Remarks).
Language of species description: French. English translation available (
Remarks: The holotype has not been designated explicitly in the original description. According to
Type species: Oroperipatus lankesteri (Bouvier, 1899a), by original designation (
Remarks: The name was introduced initially as a subgenus of Peripatus (see
37. Oroperipatus balzani (Camerano, 1897)
Synonyms: Peripatus balzani, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: BOLIVIA, Yungas, Chulumani, near Coroico, 1, 600 m.
Language of species description: Italian.
Remark: Requires revision.
38. Oroperipatus belli (Bouvier, 1904b)
Synonyms: Peripatus belli, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: ECUADOR, Durán, Guayras river (misspelling of Guayas river), opposite to Guayaquil (according to the label of the putative type specimens).
Language of species description: French.
Remark: Requires revision.
39. Oroperipatus bimbergi (Fuhrmann, 1913)
Synonyms: Peripatus bimbergi, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: COLOMBIA, Amagatal in the central mountain range (900–1, 800 m) and Guaduas (800 m) towards Bogota, in the eastern mountain range (see Remarks).
Language of species description: German.
Remark: The current location of Amagatal could not be found. Requires revision.
40. Oroperipatus bluntschlii Fuhrmann, 1915
Synonyms: none (see Remarks).
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: PERU, Loreto, Shapajilla, Samiria River, 120 m.
Language of species description: German.
Remarks: In addition to Oroperipatus bluntschlii, the author used the name Peripatus bluntschlii in the original description (
41. Oroperipatus cameranoi (Bouvier, 1899a)
Synonyms: Peripatus cameranoi, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: ECUADOR, Azuay, Sigsig, southeast of Cuenca, 2, 550 m.
Language of species description: French.
Remark: Requires revision.
42. Oroperipatus corradoi (Camerano, 1898)
Synonyms: Peripatus corradi, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: ECUADOR, Pichincha, environs of Quito.
Language of species description: Italian.
Remarks: The correct spelling of the species name should be corradoi, following the etymology of the original description, which says: “lieto di dedicarla all’AVv. Corrado Festa padre del nostro coraggioso e generoso esploratore e naturalista il Dott. Enrico Festa” (
43. Oroperipatus ecuadorensis (Bouvier, 1902c)
Synonyms: Peripatus ecuadorensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, France.
Type locality: ECUADOR, Bulim (current Púlun), northwestern Ecuador, Pacific side of the Andes, 18 m (60 ft).
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: The species name is commonly misspelt as equadoriensis (e.g.,
44. Oroperipatus eisenii (Wheeler, 1898)
Synonyms: Peripatus eisenii, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: MEXICO, Nayarit, outskirts of Tepic, 1, 219 m (4, 000 ft).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The species name is commonly misspelt as eiseni (e.g.,
45. Oroperipatus intermedius (Bouvier, 1901a)
Synonyms: Peripatus intermedius, by original designation (
Holotype: Deposited in the Natural History Museum of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Type locality: BOLIVIA, La Paz, Sorata.
Language of species description: French.
Remark: Requires revision.
46. Oroperipatus koepckei Zilch, 1954b
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Likely to have been deposited in the Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt, Germany, as the author was employed at this institution at that time and used the acronym “SMF” in his description (
Type locality: PERU. The precise locality might be in the Piura province, “35 km from Olmos toward Jaén, ca. 6°10'S, 79°30'W, ca. 1, 400 m” according to
Language of species description: German.
Remark: Requires revision.
47. Oroperipatus lankesteri (Bouvier, 1899a)
Synonyms: Peripatus lankesteri, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: ECUADOR, Imbabura, river Parambas, 16 km (10 miles) north of Quito (according to the label of the type specimens).
Language of species description: French.
Remark: Requires revision.
48. Oroperipatus multipodes (Fuhrmann, 1913)
Synonyms: Peripatus multipodes, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: COLOMBIA, Antioqui, Concordia, river Amagá (see Remarks).
Language of species description: German.
Remarks: The name of the river might have been misspelt in the original description as “Rio Amago” (
49. Oroperipatus omeyrus du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1952
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: PERU, Cusco, Sahuayaco in the Urubamba Valley (between Abancay and Maras), 800 m and San José de Lourdes (Cajamarca), 1000 m (see Remarks).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Note that du Bois-Reymond Marcus is the full name of the author, whereas commonly cited Marcus, 1952 is incomplete. The species description was based on specimens from different localities (1084 km apart from each other). Thus, it might comprise a species complex, which requires revision.
50. Oroperipatus peruvianus (Brues, 1917)
Synonyms: Peripatus (Oroperipatus) peruvianus, by original designation (
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
Type locality: PERU, Cajamarca, Tabaconas, near Huancabamba, 1, 829 m (6, 000 ft).
Language of species description: English.
Remark: Requires revision.
51. Oroperipatus soratanus (Bouvier, 1901a)
Synonyms: Peripatus soratanus, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: BOLIVIA, La Paz, Sorata.
Language of species description: French.
Remark: Requires revision.
52. Oroperipatus tuberculatus (Bouvier, 1898c)
Synonyms: Peripatus tuberculatus, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: COLOMBIA, Cauca, Popayán.
Language of species description: French. English translation available (
Remarks: The holotype has not been designated explicitly in the original description. According to
53. Oroperipatus weyrauchi du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1952
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: PERU, Yurac, River Aguaytía, left affluent of the Ucayali.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: As for Oroperipatus omeyrus, except that this species was recorded from a single locality. Requires revision.
Nomina dubia
Oroperipatus goudoti (Bouvier, 1899c)
Synonyms: Peripatus goudoti, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: MEXICO.
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: The holotype has not been designated explicitly in the original description. According to
Oroperipatus quitensis (Schmarda, 1871)
Synonyms: Peripatus quitensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: ECUADOR, “equatorial highlands of South America” (see Remarks).
Language of species description: German.
Remarks: Information on species description was obtained from the second edition of Schmarda’s text book (
Oroperipatus peruanus (Grube, 1876)
Synonyms: Peripatus peruanus, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: PERU.
Language of species description: German.
Remarks: We regard the species as a nomen dubium due to the lack of precise information on its morphology, type designation and type locality. The species has been regarded as doubtful by several authors (e.g.,
Type species: Peripatus juliformis Guilding, 1826, by subsequent monotypy.
Remark: This oldest genus is referred to by some authors as Peripatus sensu stricto (e.g.,
54. Peripatus basilensis Brues, 1935
Synonyms: Peripatus dominicae var. basilensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: HAITI, Morne Basile (Mount Basil), northwestern part of the island (
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: We regard Peripatus dominicae, Peripatus basilensis, Peripatus darlingtoni, Peripatus haitiensis and Peripatus lachauxensis as separate species rather than subspecies due to great distances between their type localities (ranging from 115 km to 1, 380 km). Although the type localities of Peripatus lachauxensis and Peripatus darlingtoni are relatively close to each other (7 km), their status as separate species is supported by morphological differences and by their occurrences at different altitudes (Peripatus lachauxensis: 305 m; Peripatus darlingtoni: 914 m) and in different environments (
55. Peripatus bouvieri Fuhrmann, 1913
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: COLOMBIA, Boca del Monte, at the border between Casanare and Arauca.
Language of species description: German.
Remarks: Note that the name bouvieri has been used by
56. Peripatus broelemanni Bouvier, 1899c
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: VENEZUELA, Mérida, Tovar.
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: The holotype has not been designated explicitly in the original description. According to
57. Peripatus danicus Bouvier, 1900c
Synonyms: Peripatus juliformis danicus, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: VIRGIN ISLANDS, Saint Thomas Island.
Language of species description: French.
Remarks.
58. Peripatus darlingtoni Brues, 1935
Synonyms: Peripatus dominicae var. darlingtoni, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: HAITI, Massif (Plateau) de la Hotte, southwestern peninsula of Haiti, between Camp Perrion and Mafin, 914 m (3, 000 ft).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: As for Peripatus basilensis, except that this species was recorded from a single locality. Requires revision.
59. Peripatus dominicae Pollard, 1893
Synonyms: Peripatus dominicae, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: DOMINICA ISLAND, Laudat (see Remarks).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: As for Peripatus basilensis, except that this species was recorded from a single locality. Locality data obtained from specimens deposited in the Natural History Museum of London, United Kingdom. Requires revision.
60. Peripatus evelinae Marcus, 1937
Synonyms: Peripatus (Epiperipatus) evelinae, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated. The lectotype has been deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (
Type locality: BRAZIL, Goyas (=Goiás), in the area between Cana Brava (current Minaçu) and Nova Roma. The precise locality might be the environs of Nova Roma (
Language of species description: Portuguese.
Remarks: Although the original description contains imprecise data on the type locality (the two localities mentioned lie 162 km apart), redescription of this species provides more precise locality data (
61. Peripatus haitiensis Brues, 1913
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
Type locality: HAITI, Massif (Plateau) de la Selle, Furcy. The precise locality might be the La Visite National Park, 1, 524–2, 134 m (5, 000–7, 000 ft) (
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: As for Peripatus basilensis, except that this species was recorded from a single locality. Requires revision.
62. Peripatus heloisae Carvalho, 1941
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Type locality: BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, left border of Tapirapé river, next to its confluence with the river Araguaia (See Remarks).
Language of species description: Portuguese.
Remarks: Although the species name was introduced in 1941, a comprehensive species description followed one year later (
63. Peripatus juanensis Bouvier, 1900a
Synonyms: Peripatus dominicae juanensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: PUERTO RICO, Utuado, Utuado.
Language of species description: French.
Remark: The holotype was not clearly designated in the original description.
64. Peripatus juliformis Guilding, 1826
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: SAINT VINCENT ISLAND. The precise locality might be the Grand Bonhomme Mountain (
Language of species description: Latin.
Remark: A wrong year of description, 1825, has been commonly assigned to the species name (e.g.
65. Peripatus lachauxensis Brues, 1935
Synonyms: Peripatus dominicae var. lachauxensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: HAITI, south eastern foothills of the Massif (Plateau) de la Hotte, southeastern peninsula of Haiti, 305 m (1, 000 ft).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: As for Peripatus basilensis, except that this species was recorded from a single locality. Requires revision.
66. Peripatus manni Brues, 1913
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
Type locality: HAITI, Massif (Plateau) de la Selle. The precise locality might be La Visite National Park, 1, 524–2, 134 m (5, 000–7, 000 ft) (
Language of species description: English.
Remark: Requires revision.
67. Peripatus ruber Fuhrmann, 1913
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: COSTA RICA, San José, Rancho Redondo.
Language of species description: German.
Remark: Requires revision.
68. Peripatus sedgwicki Bouvier, 1899c
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: VENEZUELA, Federal district, environs of Caracas. The precise locality might be La Guaira (
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: Note that the abbreviation Peripatus sedgwicki may be confused with the same abbreviation of Peripatopsis sedgwicki, the junior synonym of Peripatopsis dewaali (Weber, 1898). The species redescription was based on specimens from different localities (
69. Peripatus solorzanoi Morera-Brenes & Monge-Nájera, 2010
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museo de Zoología de la Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica, 10°02'58"N, 83°32'31"W, 400–500 m.
Type locality: COSTA RICA, Limón, Guayacán de Siquirres.
Language of species description: English.
Remark: Requires revision.
70. Peripatus swainsonae Cockerell, 1893
Synonyms: Peripatus jamaicensis mut. swainsonae, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: JAMAICA, Saint Thomas Parish, Bath, Beacon Hill (see Remarks).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The name Peripatus juliformis var. gossei (
Nomina dubia
Peripatus antiguensis Bouvier, 1899c
Synonyms: Peripatus antiguensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: ANTIGUA ISLAND, Barlar, near Warburton (see Remarks).
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: The holotype has not been designated explicitly in the original description. According to
Peripatus bavaysi Bouvier, 1899c
Synonyms: Peripatus sedgwicki var. bavaysi, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: GUADELOUPE ISLAND (see Remarks).
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: Common misspelling bavayi (e.g.,
Type species: Plicatoperipatus jamaicensis (Grabham & Cockerell, 1892), by monotypy.
71. Plicatoperipatus jamaicensis (Grabham & Cockerell, 1892)
Synonyms: Peripatus jamaicensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks)
Type locality: JAMAICA, Saint Thomas Parish, Bath, Beacon Hill (see Remarks).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The type locality data were obtained from labels of specimens deposited in the Natural History Museum of London, United Kingdom.
Type species: Speleoperipatus spelaeus Peck, 1975, by monotypy.
72. Speleoperipatus spelaeus Peck, 1975
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
Type locality: JAMAICA, Clarendon, Pedro River, Pedro Great Cave, 518 m (1, 700 ft).
Language of species description: English.
Typhloperipatus Kemp, 1913Type species: Typhloperipatus williamsoni Kemp, 1913, by subsequent monotypy.
73. Typhloperipatus williamsoni Kemp, 1913
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: INDIA, Assam, Dihang River, vicinity of Rotung, 366–762 m (1, 200–2, 500 ft).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Although the species name was introduced in 1913, a more comprehensive species description followed one year later (
Type genus: Peripatopsis Pocock, 1894
Remark: The citation “Peripatopsidae Bouvier, 1904” (e.g.,
Type species: Acanthokara kaputensis Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
1. Acanthokara kaputensis Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype:Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Nadewar Range, Mount Kaputar, 30°16'S, 150°10'E, 1, 508 m.
Language of species description: English.
Aethrikos Reid, 1996Type species: Aethrikos setosa Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
2. Aethrikos setosa Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Styx River State Forest, 30°31'S, 152°21'E, 1, 376 m.
Language of species description: English.
Aktinothele Reid, 1996Type species: Aktinothele eucharis Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
3. Aktinothele eucharis Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Finch Hatton Gorge, 21°05'S, 14°38'E, 200 m.
Language of species description: English.
Anoplokaros Reid, 1996Type species: Anoplokaros keerensis Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
4. Anoplokaros keerensis Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Mount Keira (near Scout Camp), 34°24'S, 150°50'E, 320 m.
Language of species description: English.
Austroperipatus Baehr, 1977Type species: Austroperipatus paradoxus (Bouvier, 1914a), by subsequent monotypy.
5. Austroperipatus aequabilis Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Mount Finnigan, 37 km south of Cooktown, 15°49'S, 145°17'E, 850–1, 100 m.
Language of species description: English.
6. Austroperipatus eridelos Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Boonjie, 13 km east-southeast of Malanda, 17°24'S, 145°44'E, 700 m.
Language of species description: English.
7. Austroperipatus paradoxus (Bouvier, 1914a)
Synonyms: Ooperipatus paradoxus, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated. A lectotype has been designated by
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Bellenden Ker, 17°12'S, 145°51'E, 1, 312 m (4, 000 ft).
Language of species description: French
Remarks: A wrong year of description, 1915, has been assigned to the species name (e.g.
8. Austroperipatus superbus Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Hinchinbrook Island, Gayundah Creek, 18°22'S, 146°13'E, 80 m.
Language of species description: English.
Baeothele Reid, 1996Type species: Baeothele saukros Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
9. Baeothele saukros Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Wollemi National Park, Mount Coricudgy, 32°50'S, 150°21'E, 1, 350 m.
Language of species description: English.
Centorumis Reid, 1996Type species: Centorumis trigona Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
10. Centorumis trigona Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Gloucester Tops, 32°03'S, 151°39'E, 704 m.
Language of species description: English.
Cephalofovea Ruhberg, Tait, Briscoe and Storch, 1988Type species: Cephalofovea tomahmontis Ruhberg, Tait, Briscoe and Storch, 1988, by monotypy
11. Cephalofovea cameroni Reid, Tait, Briscoe & Rowell, 1995
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Rydal, 33°29’S, 150°02’E, 900 m.
Language of species description: English.
12. Cephalofovea clandestina Reid, Tait, Briscoe & Rowell, 1995
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Kanangra Boyd National Park, 33°50'S, 150°00'E, 1, 140 m.
Language of species description: English.
13. Cephalofovea pavimenta Reid, Tait, Briscoe & Rowell, 1995
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Mount Canobolas, 33°21'S, 148°59'E, 1, 395 m.
Language of species description: English.
14. Cephalofovea tomahmontis Ruhberg, Tait, Briscoe & Storch, 1988
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Mount Tomah, 33°33'S, 150°25'E, 1, 015 m.
Language of species description: English.
Critolaus Reid, 1996Type species: Critolaus lepidus Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
15. Critolaus lepidus Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Calliope Range, Kroombit Tops (south-southwest of Calliope Beauty Spot 98), 24°22'S, 150°59'E, 860 m.
Language of species description: English.
Dactylothele Reid, 1996Type species: Dactylothele habros Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
16. Dactylothele habros Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Nothofagus Mountain, 12 km north of Woodenbong, 28°17'S, 152°38'E, 1, 200 m.
Language of species description: English.
Dystactotylos Reid, 1996Type species: Dystactotylos aletes Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
17. Dystactotylos aletes Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Massey Range, 4 km west of Centre Bellenden Ker, 17°16'S, 145°49'E, 1, 250 m.
Language of species description: English.
Euperipatoides Ruhberg, 1985Type species: Euperipatoides leuckartii (Sänger, 1871), by monotypy.
18. Euperipatoides kanangrensis Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Kanangra Boyd National Park, 33°59'S, 150°08'E, 1, 140 m.
Language of species description: English.
19. Euperipatoides leuckartii (Sänger, 1871)
Synonyms: Peripatus leuckartii, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated. A neotype has been designated by
Type locality:AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Mount Tomah, 33°33'S, 150°25'E, 1, 015 m.
Language of species description: Russian. French translation available (
Remarks: See
20. Euperipatoides rowelli Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Tallaganda State Forest, Forbes Creek Road, 35°28'S, 149°32'E, 1, 000 m.
Language of species description: English.
Florelliceps Tait & Norman, 2001Type species: Florelliceps stutchburyae Tait & Norman, 2001, by monotypy.
21. Florelliceps stutchburyae Tait & Norman, 2001
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Mount Warning National Park, 28°24'S, 153°16'E, 400 m.
Language of species description: English.
Hylonomoipos Reid, 1996Type species: Hylonomoipos akares Reid, 1996, by original designation (
22. Hylonomoipos akares Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Lamington National Park (O’Reillys), 28°14'S, 153°08'E, 913 m.
Language of species description: English.
23. Hylonomoipos brookensis Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Upper Brookfield, 27°30'S, 152°55'E, 40 m.
Language of species description: English.
Konothele Reid, 1996Type species: Konothele kallimos Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
24. Konothele kallimos Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Mount Hemmant, 6 km southwest of Cape Tribulation, 16°07'S, 145°25'E, 880 m.
Language of species description: English.
Kumbadjena Reid, 2002Type species: Kumbadjena occidentalis (Fletcher, 1895), by original designation (
25. Kumbadjena kaata Reid, 2002
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Western Australia, Porongurup National Park, Scenic Drive, 3.1 km west of intersection of Scenic Drive and Bolganup Road, 34°39'S, 117°51'E, 320 m.
Language of species description: English.
26. Kumbadjena occidentalis (Fletcher, 1895)
Synonyms: Peripatus leuckarti var. occidentalis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated. A neotype has been designated by
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Western Australia, Bridgetown Jarrah Park, 20.3 km west of intersection of South Western Highway and Brockman Highway, 34°01'S, 116°00'E, 250 m.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: See
27. Kumbadjena shannonensis Reid, 2002
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Western Australia, Shannon National Park, Giant Karri Grove, Deeside Coast Road, 5 km south of intersection of Middleton Road and Deeside Coast Road, 34°38'S, 116°20'E, 150 m.
Language of species description: English.
Lathropatus Reid, 2000aType species: Lathropatus nemorum Reid, 2000a, by monotypy.
28. Lathropatus nemorum Reid, 2000a
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Cobboboonee State Forest (Southern end), ~11.4 km northwest of Portland, beside Elbow Road, off Nelson Portland Road, 38°17'S, 141°33'E, 60 m.
Language of species description: English.
Leuropezos Reid, 1996Type species: Leuropezos eungellensis Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
29. Leuropezos eungellensis Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Eungella National Park, Crediton Creek, 21°11'S, 148°33'E, 750 m.
Language of species description: English.
Mantonipatus Ruhberg, 1985Type species: Mantonipatus persiculus Ruhberg, 1985, by monotypy.
30. Mantonipatus persiculus Ruhberg, 1985
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited at the Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, South Australia, Mount Lofty Range, Carey Gully, Wotton’s Scrub, 34°58'S, 138°46'E, 480 m.
Language of species description: German.
Metaperipatus Clark, 1913bType species: Metaperipatus blainvillei (Gervais, 1837), by monotypy.
31. Metaperipatus inae Mayer, 2007
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museo Zoológico de la Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Type locality: CHILE, VIII region del Bío-Bío, forest near Contulmo, 38°01'S, 73°11'W, 390 m.
Language of species description: English.
Nomen dubium
Metaperipatus blainvillei (Gervais, 1837)
Synonyms: Venilia blainvillei (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: CHILE (see Remarks).
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: An incorrect authority (Blanchard) is commonly attributed to this species (e.g.,
Type species: Minyplanetes kroombensis Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
32. Minyplanetes kroombensis Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Queensland Kroombit Tops, 24°25'S, 151°03'E, 940 m.
Language of species description: English.
Nodocapitus Reid, 1996Type species: Nodocapitus barryi Reid, 1996, by original designation (
33. Nodocapitus barryi Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Richmond Range State Forest, 28°40'S, 152°45'E, 400 m.
Language of species description: English.
34. Nodocapitus formosus Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Mount Elliot, 19°29'S, 146°59'E, 1, 050 m.
Language of species description: English.
35. Nodocapitus inornatus Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Gibralter Range National Park, 29°28'S, 152°21'E, 900 m.
Language of species description: English.
Occiperipatoides Ruhberg, 1985Type species: Occiperipatoides gilesii (Spencer, 1909), by original designation (
Remarks: The genus originally contained two nominal species, but Occiperipatoides occidentalis (Fletcher, 1895) is currently treated as a synonym of Kumbadjena occidentalis (Fletcher, 1895) (see
36. Occiperipatoides gilesii (Spencer, 1909)
Synonyms: Peripatoides woodwardi (junior synonym; Bouvier, 1909: 315; see Remarks); Peripatoides gilesii (
Holotype: Not designated (
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Western Australia, Armadale, 32°09'S, 116°00'E.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The name Peripatoides woodwardi is regarded as a junior synonym since it was suggested in December 1909, while Peripatus gilesii was suggested in March of the same year. Thus, the name Peripatoides woodwardi represents a nomen nudum. The holotype was not clearly designated in the original description of Occiperipatoides gilesii (see
Type species: Ooperipatellus insignis (Dendy, 1890), by original designation (
37. Ooperipatellus decoratus (Baehr, 1977)
Synonyms: Ooperipatus decoratus, by original designation (
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Tasmania, Mawbanna, Dip River Falls, 8 km south of Mawbama, northwest Tasmania, ca. 250 m.
Language of species description: German.
Remarks: The species has been synonymised with Ooperipatellus insignis (
38. Ooperipatellus duwilensis Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Grampians National Park, Mount William, 37°18'S, 142°36'E, 1, 256 m.
Language of species description: English.
39. Ooperipatellus insignis (Dendy, 1890)
Synonyms: Peripatus insignis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Mount Macedon, 37°23'S, 144°35'E, 1, 001 m.
Language of species description: English.
Remark: The species has been revised by
40. Ooperipatellus nanus Ruhberg, 1985
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: NEW ZEALAND, South Island, Takitimu Range, Cheviot Face, 1, 160 m.
Language of species description: German.
Remarks: The species description is based on four juveniles (
41. Ooperipatellus parvus Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, South Australia, Mount Lofty Range, Mylor, beside Onkaparinga river, 35°03'S, 138°46'E, 320 m.
Language of species description: English.
42. Ooperipatellus spenceri (Cockerell, 1913b)
Synonyms: Ooperipatus insignis (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Tasmania, Wellington Park, Mount Wellington.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The species was assigned previously to Ooperipatellus insignis (
43. Ooperipatellus viridimaculatus (Dendy, 1900b)
Synonyms: Peripatus viridimaculatus, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: NEW ZEALAND, South Island, “in the dense beech forest at the head of Lake Te Anau”.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Ooperipatellus viridimaculatus was synonymised with Ooperipatellus insignis (
Nomen dubium
Ooperipatellus cryptus Jackson & Taylor, 1994
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Tasmania, northwest (see Remarks).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Imprecise type locality data have been provided for this species, covering an area of over 2, 000 km2 in north-western Tasmania, although the “main population” occurs in the Christmas Hills, Arthur River, Rapid River area (
Type species: Ooperipatus oviparus (Dendy, 1895), by subsequent designation (
44. Ooperipatus birrgus Reid, 2000a
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, South East Forest National Park, Coolangubra Section, 5 km north of intersection of Coolangubra Forest Way and Northern Access Road, 37°01'S, 149°23'E, 800 m.
Language of species description: English.
45. Ooperipatus caesius Reid, 2000a
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Mount Buffalo National Park, Track to Eurobin Falls, 36°43'S, 146°50'E, 500 m.
Language of species description: English.
46. Ooperipatus centunculus Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Mount Donna Buang, 37°42'S, 145°41'E, 1, 250 m.
Language of species description: English.
47. Ooperipatus costatus Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality:AUSTRALIA, Australian Capital Territory, Namadgi National Park, Stockyard Gap, 35°33'S, 148°46'E, 1, 560 m.
Language of species description: English.
48. Ooperipatus hispidus Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Tallaganda State Forest, Forbes Creek Road, 35°28'S, 149°32'E, 1, 000 m.
Language of species description: English.
49. Ooperipatus lepidus Reid, 2000a
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Granite Flat, 9 km south of Mitta Mitta, beside Omeo Highway, 350 m north of intersection of Omeo Highway and Walsh’s Road, 36°35'S, 147°27'E, 340 m.
Language of species description: English.
50. Ooperipatus nebulosus Reid, 2000a
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Merrijig, Carters Hill Reserve, 950 m along Carters Road from Mount Buller Road, 37°06'S, 146°22'E, 640 m.
Language of species description: English.
51. Ooperipatus oviparus (Dendy, 1895)
Synonyms: Peripatus oviparus, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated. A lectotype has been deposited in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Mount Macedon, 37°23'S, 144°35'E, 1, 001 m.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: A new genus Symperipatus was suggested for the species by
52. Ooperipatus porcatus Reid, 2000a
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Mount Useful Scenic Reserve, 14.5 km north of intersection of Binns Road and McEvoys Track, 37°43'S, 146°31'E, 750 m.
Language of species description: English.
53. Ooperipatus pulchellus Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Baw Baw National Park, Mount Baw Baw, 37°50'S, 146°17'E, 1, 566 m.
Language of species description: English.
54. Ooperipatus silvanus Reid, 2000a
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Otway range, 0.1 km south of intersection of Young Creek Track and Philips Road, 38°40'S, 143°30'E, 260 m.
Language of species description: English.
Opisthopatus Purcell, 1899Type species: Opisthopatus cinctipes Purcell, 1899, by original designation (
55. Opisthopatus amatolensis Choonoo, 1947
Synonyms: Opisthopatus cinctipes var. amatolensis (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape. The precise locality might be southeast of Houghton’s farm, along the road from Alice towards Hogsback, 1, 158 m (3, 800 ft) (
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The variation was considered as invalid by
56. Opisthopatus cinctipes Purcell, 1899
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape, Dunbrody, near Blue Cliff Station, Uitenhage Division.
Language of species description: English.
57. Opisthopatus herbertorum Ruhberg & Hamer, 2005
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal, Mount Currie Nature Reserve, near Kokstad, alongside road between main entrance and pass, in forest patch near ravine, 30°17'13"S, 29°13'40"E (30.28 713°S/29.22 781°E).
Language of species description: English.
58. Opisthopatus laevis Lawrence, 1947
Synonyms: Opisthopatus cinctipes var. laevis by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal, East Griqualand, Bulwer.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The variation was considered as invalid by
59. Opisthopatus natalensis Bouvier, 1900d
Synonyms: Opisthopatus cinctipes var. natalensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, Durban.
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: The variation was considered as invalid by
60. Opisthopatus roseus Lawrence, 1947
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu-Natal, East Griqualand, Ingeli Forest, near Kokstad.
Language of species description: English.
Paraperipatus (Willey, 1898a)Type species: Paraperipatus novaebritanniae (Willey, 1898b), by subsequent monotypy.
Remarks: Initially, Paraperipatus was described as a subgenus of Peripatus and the name has been used as a generic name without an explicit statement since
61. Paraperipatus ceramensis (Muir & Kershaw, 1909)
Synonyms: Peripatus ceramensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: INDONESIA, Moluccas (Maluku archipelago), West Ceram (Seram island), vicinity of Përoe.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Requires revision.
62. Paraperipatus keiensis Horst, 1923
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: INDONESIA, Key Islands [Kei-islands], Great Key Island [Pulau Kai-besar], Goenoeng Daab [Gunung Daab], 300 m.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The species name has been misspelt as Paraper. keyensis in the original description (
63. Paraperipatus novaebritanniae (Willey, 1898b)
Synonyms: Peripatus novæ-britanniæ, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Bismarck archipelago, New Britain island, Gazelle Peninsula, Blanche Bay, Karavi, “at an elevation of several hundred feet above see-level” (
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Requires revision.
64. Paraperipatus papuensis (Sedgwick, 1910)
Synonyms: Peripatus papuensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West Papua, Sarayu, Central Arfak Mountains, 1, 066 m (3, 500 ft).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Requires revision.
65. Paraperipatus lorentzi
Synonyms: none (see Remarks).
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks)
Type locality: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West Papua, Wichmann Mountains, southern part of the Arfak Range, 2, 743 m (9, 000 ft) (
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: A holotype has not been designated for this species, although
66. Paraperipatus vanheurni Horst, 1922
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, New Guinea, Doormanpad, 2, 900 m. The current name of the locality might be the Maoke Mountains (Doormanpad-bivak, Pegunungan Maoke)
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Requires revision.
Nomina dubia
Paraperipatus amboinensis Pflugfelder, 1948
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: INDONESIA, Maluku archipelago, Ambon Island.
Language of species description: German.
Remarks: According to
Paraperipatus leopoldi
Synonyms: None (see Remarks).
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West Papua, environs of Sakaoeni (spelt Sakoemi in the original description), 500 m.
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: In the original species description,
Paraperipatus schultzei Heymons, 1912
Synonyms: Paraperipatus schultzei var. ferrugineus (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, north of New Guinea, inland region, on a mountain at 1, 570 m (German New Guinea; see Remarks).
Language of species description: German.
Remarks: The holotype was not clearly designated in the original description. According to
Paraperipatus stresemanni Bouvier, 1914b
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: INDONESIA, inland region of Ceram (Seram) Island (see Remarks).
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: Misspelt as stresemani by
Type species: Paropisthopatus umbrinus (Johow, 1911), by original designation (
67. Paropisthopatus umbrinus (Johow, 1911)
Synonyms: Peripatus (Peripatopsis) umbrinus, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: CHILE, Valparaíso, Balneario de Zapallar, near the border of the Aconcagua province (32°33'S), La Higuera mountain, Quebrada del Tigre (300–500 m), and “point situated next to the top” (700 m).
Language of species description: Spanish.
Remarks: Requires revision.
Nomen dubium
Paropisthopatus costesi (Gravier & Fage, 1925)
Synonyms: Opisthopatus costesi, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: CHILE, Colchagua (see Remarks).
Language of species description: French.
Remarks: The description contains imprecise type locality data (the province of Colchagua in Chile occupies 5, 678 km2). Since no further work with more precise locality data is available, a revision of this species based on topotypes will be difficult.
Peripatoides Pocock, 1894Type species: Peripatoides novaezealandiae (Hutton, 1876), by original designation (
68. Peripatoides indigo Ruhberg, 1985
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Entomology Division of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Auckland, New Zealand.
Type locality: NEW ZEALAND, South Island, Nelson district, Bainham Paturau area, Twin Forks Cave, 3.22 km (2 miles) south of the Paturau river and 1.6 km (1 mile) inland from the coast.
Language of species description: German.
69. Peripatoides kawekaensis Trewick, 1998
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: NEW ZEALAND, North Island, Hawke’s Bay, Hutchinson and Balls Clearing Reserves.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The original description is based exclusively on molecular data and contains no type designation, which was not mandatory until 1999 (ICZN Art. 16). However, in contrast to other species described by
70. Peripatoides suteri (Dendy, 1894)
Synonyms: Peripatus novæ-zealandiæ var. suteri, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: NEW ZEALAND, North Island, Stratford.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks:
Nomina dubia
Peripatoides aurorbis Trewick, 1998
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: NEW ZEALAND, central and mid-northern North Island.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The original description is based exclusively on molecular data from specimens collected at different localities (
Peripatoides morgani Trewick, 1998
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: NEW ZEALAND, eastern North Island in a narrow coastal strip including southern and central Hawke’s Bay and north to Lake Tikitapu.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The original description is based exclusively on molecular data from specimens collected at different localities (
Peripatoides novaezealandiae (Hutton, 1876)
Synonyms: Peripatus novæ-zealandiæ, by original designation (
Holotype:Not designated.
Type locality: NEW ZEALAND, southern North Island (
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The species name was commonly used for every species with 15 leg pairs found in New Zealand (
Peripatoides sympatrica Trewick, 1998
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: NEW ZEALAND, widespread in northern central and mid-eastern central North Island, Waitomo Caves, Saddle Road, Norsewood, Balls Clearing, Opepe, Mangatutara, Kakaho, Forthbranch and Kaueranga.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The original description is based exclusively on molecular data from specimens collected at different localities (
Type species: Peripatopsis capensis (Grube, 1866), by original designation (
71. Peripatopsis alba Lawrence, 1931
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Likely to have been deposited in the South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa (see Remarks).
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, Cape Town, Table Mountain Nature Reserve, Table Mountain Caves, in sandstone formation near the top of Table Mountain.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The author designated two types in the original description but did not specify, which of the two specimens is the holotype (
72. Peripatopsis balfouri (Sedgwick, 1885)
Synonyms: Peripatus balfouri, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, Cape Town, Table Mountain Nature Reserve (see Remarks).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The species comprises a species complex according to
73. Peripatopsis capensis (Grube, 1866)
Synonyms: Peripatus capensis, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated. A neotype has been designated by
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, Cape Town, Table Mountain, Rhodes Memorial (see Remarks).
Language of species description: German.
Remarks: A type specimen has not been designated in the original description.
74. Peripatopsis clavigera Purcell, 1899
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape, “in the forest at Knysna”. The precise locality might be the Garden of Eden (
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: The species comprises a species complex according to
75. Peripatopsis intermedia Hutchinson, 1928
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa(see Remarks).
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, 11.26 km (7 miles) east of Montagu.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: A holotype has been designated in the original description under the name type.
76. Peripatopsis lawrencei McDonald, Ruhberg & Daniels, 2012
Synonyms: Peripatopsis capensis (
Holotype: Deposited in the South African Museum – Entomological Collection (Iziko Museums of Cape Town), Cape Town, South Africa.
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape province, Riviersonderend, Oubos, 34°04'34.33"S, 19°49'43.76"E (see Remarks).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks:
77. Peripatopsis leonina Purcell, 1899
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Not designated (see Remarks).
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, Cape Town, Cape town side of Signal Hill (Lions Hill).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: A type specimen has not been designated explicitly in the original description, although
78. Peripatopsis moseleyi (Wood-Mason, 1879)
Synonyms: Peripatus moseleyi, by original designation (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape, presumably the environs of King William’s town (
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Species name suggested in a footnote in the original paper (
79. Peripatopsis overbergiensis McDonald, Ruhberg & Daniels, 2012
Synonyms: Peripatopsis capensis (
Holotype: Deposited in the South African Museum – Entomological Collection (Iziko Museums of Cape Town), Cape Town, South Africa.
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape province, Langeberg, Grootvadersbosch Nature Reserve, 33°58'55"S, 20°49'23"E (see Remarks).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks:
80. Peripatopsis sedgwicki Purcell, 1899
Synonyms: Peripatus dewaali (senior synonym: Weber, 1898: 8); Peripatopsis sedgwicki (
Holotype: Not designated.
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape, most likely the environs of Knysna (
Language of species description: Dutch.
Remarks: Although Peripatopsis sedgwicki is a junior synonym of Peripatus dewaali, the name sedgwicki was favoured by
81. Peripatopsis stelliporata Sherbon & Walker, 2004
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Natural History Museum of London, United Kingdom.
Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, Cape Town, Newlands Forest, 33°12’S, 18°24’E.
Language of species description: English.
Phallocephale Reid, 1996Type species: Phallocephale tallagandensis Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
82. Phallocephale tallagandensis Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Tallaganda State Forest, Forbes Creek Road, 35°28'S, 149°32'E, 1, 000 m.
Language of species description: English.
Planipapillus Reid, 1996Type species: Planipapillus taylori Reid, 1996, by original designation (
83. Planipapillus annae Reid, 2000b
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, 5.9 km northwest of Bonang, beside Deddick River Road (between Bonang and Tubbut), 37°11'S, 148°41'E, 740 m.
Language of species description: English.
84. Planipapillus berti Reid, 2000b
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Granite Flat, 9 km south of Mitta Mitta, beside Omeo Highway, north of intersection of Omeo Highway and Walsh’s Road, 36°35'S, 147°27'E, 350 m.
Language of species description: English.
85. Planipapillus biacinaces Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Howman Gap, 36°50'S, 147°16'E, 1, 260 m.
Language of species description: English.
86. Planipapillus biacinoides Reid, 2000b
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUTRALIA, Victoria, beside Livingtone Creek at intersection of Birregun Road and Upper Livingstone Track (6.2 km south of intersection of Cassilis Road and Birregun Road), 37°05'S, 147°36'E, 300 m.
Language of species description: English.
87. Planipapillus bulgensis Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Tarra-Bulga National Park, 38°26'S, 146°32'E, 580 m.
Language of species description: English.
88. Planipapillus cyclus Reid, 2000b
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, 9 km north of Club Terrace, junction of Errinundra Road and Combienbar Road, 37°28'S, 148°55'E, 130 m.
Language of species description: English.
89. Planipapillus gracilis Reid, 2000b
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, beside Livingstone Creek, at intersection of Birregun Road and Upper Livingstone Track (6.2 km south of Cassilis Road and Birregun Road), 37°05'S, 147°36'E, 300 m.
Language of species description: English.
90. Planipapillus impacris Reid, 2000b
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, South East Forests National Park, Coolangubra Section, 5 km north of intersection of Coolangubra Forest Way and Northern Access Road, 37°01'S, 149°23'E, 800 m.
Language of species description: English.
91. Planipapillus mundus Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Wilsons Valley, 36°21'S, 148°32'E, 1, 360 m.
Language of species description: English.
92. Planipapillus taylori Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Bombala River, 36°37'S, 149°22'E, 1, 120 m.
Language of species description: English.
93. Planipapillus tectus Reid, 2000b
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, 6.7 km south of the intersection of Gelantipy Road and Tulloch Ard Road (10.7 km south of Gelantipy, 300 m north of Forest Creek Track), 37°17'S, 148°15'E, 710 m.
Language of species description: English.
94. Planipapillus vittatus Reid, 2000b
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Victoria, Dinner Plain, 36°59’S, 147°17’E, 1, 628 m.
Language of species description: English.
Regimitra Reid, 1996Type species: Regimitra quadricaula Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
95. Regimitra quadricaula Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Tuggolo State Forest, 31°31'S, 151°27'E, 1, 060 m.
Language of species description: English.
Ruhbergia Reid, 1996Type species: Ruhbergia bifalcata Reid, 1996, by original designation (
96. Ruhbergia bifalcata Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Tinderry Mountains, 35°40'S, 149°15'E, 1, 300 m.
Language of species description: English.
97. Ruhbergia brevicorna Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Mount Fairy (northwestern Bungendore), 35°09'S, 149°33'E, 820 m.
Language of species description: English.
98. Ruhbergia rostroides Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Wombeyan Caves, intersection of Wombeyan Caves Road and Langs Road, 34°18'S, 150°01'E, 420 m.
Language of species description: English.
Sphenoparme Reid, 1996Type species: Sphenoparme hobwensis Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
99. Sphenoparme hobwensis Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Lamington National Park, Mount Hobwee, 28°15'S, 153°14'E, 500 m.
Language of species description: English.
Tasmanipatus Ruhberg, Mesibov, Briscoe and Tait, 1991Type species: Tasmanipatus barretti Ruhberg, Mesibov, Briscoe & Tait, 1991, by original designation (
100. Tasmanipatus anophthalmus Ruhberg, Mesibov, Briscoe & Tait, 1991
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Launceston, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Tasmania, Elephant Pass, 4l°38'S, 148°14'E, 380 m.
Language of species description: English.
101. Tasmanipatus barretti Ruhberg, Mesibov, Briscoe & Tait, 1991
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Launceston, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Tasmania, Evercreech Rivulet, 41°27'S, 147°57'E.
Language of species description: English.
Tetrameraden Reid, 1996Type species: Tetrameraden meringos Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
102. Tetrameraden meringos Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Warrumbungle Range, Siding Springs Mountain, 31°16'S, 149°04'E, 1, 165 m.
Language of species description: English.
Vescerro Reid, 1996Type species: Vescerro turbinatus Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
103. Vescerro turbinatus Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, Queensland, Iron Range, Claudie River, 12°45'S, 143°14'E, 50 m.
Language of species description: English.
Wambalana Reid, 1996Type species: Wambalana makrothele Reid, 1996, by monotypy.
104. Wambalana makrothele Reid, 1996
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia.
Type locality: AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Telegherry State Forest, 32°07'S, 151°41'E, 900 m.
Language of species description: English.
Type species: †Cretoperipatus burmiticus Grimaldi et al. , 2002, by monotypy.
1. †Cretozperipatus burmiticus Grimaldi et al. , 2002
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
Type locality: MYANMAR, Kachin, Tanai Village (on Ledo Road, 105 km northwest of Myitkyina).
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: Species description is based on an incomplete specimen preserved in amber of ambiguous age.
Type species: †Succinipatopsis balticus Poinar, 2000, by monotypy.
2. †Succinipatopsis balticus Poinar, 2000
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Poinar amber collection at the Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.
Type locality: BALTIC REGION.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: In amber, dating back to ~40 million years.
Type species: †Tertiapatus dominicanus Poinar, 2000, by monotypy.
3. †Tertiapatus dominicanus Poinar, 2000
Synonyms: None.
Holotype: Deposited in the Poinar amber collection at Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.
Type locality: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.
Language of species description: English.
Remarks: In amber, dating back to 15–45 million years.
Our revised checklist revealed 177 valid onychophoran species worldwide (Table 1). However, this number most likely does not reflect the actual diversity of Onychophora as recent evidence suggests a high number of undescribed and cryptic species in both Peripatidae and Peripatopsidae (
Besides the nomina dubia, our study shows that many of the valid species also require revision, in particular representatives of Paraperipatus within Peripatopsidae, and nearly all species of Peripatidae. It is evident from previous studies that numerous species have been described based on characters that are ambiguous for some onychophoran subgroups, such as colour pattern of the skin, number of leg pairs, number of jaw denticles, and number and arrangement of spinous pads (for critical discussions, see
Summary of the number of species and genera within Onychophora and their taxonomic status.
Peripatidae | Peripatopsidae | Fossil taxa | |
---|---|---|---|
Number of genera | 10 | 39 | 3 |
Number of valid species | 73 | 104 | 3 |
Number of nomina dubia | 9 | 11 | – |
Number of species with designated holotypes | 28 | 81 | 3 |
Notably, 70% of the Peripatopsidae species (81 species) but only 34% of the Peripatidae (28 species) have designated holotypes (Table 1; Appendix 1: Checklist_numbers). This finding reflects the understudied nature of Peripatidae, with only one thorough revision at the species level (
We are thankful to Mrs. Janet Beccaloni for providing access to the Onychophora collection and for her kind hospitality and support during ISO’s stay at the Natural History Museum of London, United Kingdom. Mr. Jean-Jacques Geoffroy is gratefully acknowledged for providing information on the Onychophora collection held in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle of Paris, France. Pavel Kvartalnov kindly provided a copy of Sänger’s (1871) publication and useful information on the original description of Euperipatoides leuckartii. We thank Bob Mesibov, Noel Tait and Hilke Ruhberg for linguistic suggestions and constructive comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by a PhD fellowship of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq: 290029/2010-4) and by a SYNTHESYS grant to ISO (financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action – FP7 Integrating Activities Programme: http://www.synthesys.info/). GM is a Research Group Leader supported by the Emmy Noether Programme of the German Research Foundation (DFG: Ma 4147/3-1).
Summary of the current status of species within Onychophora. (doi: 10.3897/zookeys.211.3463.app) File format: Adobe PDF File (pdf).
Explanation note: Number of valid species, nomina dubia and designated holotypes within each onychophoran genus.