Research Article |
Corresponding author: Quoc Toan Phan ( pqtoan84@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Jan van Tol
© 2018 Quoc Toan Phan.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Phan QT (2018) Notes on the genus Indocnemis Laidlaw, 1917 in Vietnam with description of Indocnemis marijanmatoki sp. n. (Odonata, Zygoptera, Platycnemididae). ZooKeys 809: 15-29. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.29058
|
Indocnemis marijanmatoki sp. n. (holotype ♂, 12°07'10.0"N, 108°5'51.0"E, 1503 m a.s.l., Hon Ba Nature Reserve, Nha Trang city, Khanh Hoa Province, central Vietnam) is described based on both sexes. The morphological variation of Indocnemis orang (Förster in Laidlaw, 1907) is discussed and its distribution in Vietnam updated.
Indocnemis, new species, Odonata , Platycnemididae , Vietnam
I do not intend here to synonymize the genus Indocnemis with Coeliccia, but I do not think the current distinction is valid (see also
Specimens of Indocnemis orang used for comparing with the new species were collected on the same date and location, Hon Ba Nature Reserve of Khanh Hoa Province (km 19, 12°06'49.3"N, 108°59'37.3"E, 418 m a.s.l.) as the types of I. marijanmatoki sp. n. The habitus of holotype and the female paratype were photographed with a Nikon D3300 digital camera and Nikon AFS DX Micro Nikkor 85 mm f/3.5G ED VR lens. Photographs in nature were taken with a Nikon D3300 digital camera with Nikon AF Micro 200 mm f4D IF-ED lens. Other colour photographs were taken with an Axiocam Erc 5s camera on Zeiss Stemi 508 stereomicroscope. Illustrations were made with Adobe Photoshop 7.0.
Morphological nomenclature used for damselfly structures follows
Abbreviations:
S1–10 abdominal segments 1 to 10;
Px postnodal crossveins;
HW hindwing;
FW forewing;
a.s.l above sea level.
All examined mature males of Indocnemis orang have synthoracic dorsal stripes covering most of mesepisternum and black cerci with blue marks dorsally (Fig.
Indocnemis orang forma orang: Large shield-shaped stripe on synthorax (Figs
Indocnemis orang forma kempi: Narrow stripe on synthorax (Fig.
The population of I. orang in Tam Dao, as reported by
1 mature male, Pia Oac National Park, Cao Bang Prov., 16 May 2015; 1 mature female, Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho Prov., 15 September 2015; 1 mature female, Vu Quang National Park, Ha Tinh Prov., 07 April 2015; 6 mature males, 5 mature females, Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue Prov., 27 June 2017; 1 mature male, 1 mature female, Sao La Nature Reserve, A Luoi District, Thua Thien Hue Prov., 18 September 2015; 1 mature male, 3 mature females, Deo Lo Xo, Phuoc Son District, Quang Nam Province, 05 August 2017; 3 mature males, 1 mature female, Nam Giang District, Quang Nam Prov., 25 May 2017; 1 mature male, 1 mature female, Bhalee, Tay Giang District, Quang Nam Prov., 18 September 2015; 1 mature male, 2 mature females, Ba Na Nature Reserve, Da Nang city, 25 May 2015; 1 mature male, Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, Gia Lai Prov., 11 March 2017; 1 mature male, Dak Roong, K’Bang District, Gia Lai Prov., 24 May 2018; 1 mature female, Chu Mom Ray National Park, Kon Tum Prov., 22 May 2017; 3 mature males, 1 mature female, Chu Yang Sin National Park, Dak Lak Prov., 19 May 2018; 1 mature male, Mang Canh, Kon Plong District, Kon Tum Prov., 22 September 2015; 1 mature male, 1 immature male, Maria pass, Bao Loc District, Lam Dong Prov., 16 March 2016; same location, 1 immature male, 3 mature female, 22 April 2016; 1 mature male, same location, 11 May 2017; 3 mature males, 1 immature male, 1 immature female, km19, Hon Ba Nature Reserve, Khanh Hoa Prov., 16 April 2017; 1 mature female, same location, 08 May 2015. All materials were collected by the author. 2 mature females, Kon Ka Kinh National Park, Gia Lai Prov., 6 April 2018, To Van Quang leg.
All examined immature males of Indocnemis orang forma orang differ from the mature specimens by the following characters: middle lobe of prothorax is mostly yellowish (Fig.
1 mature male, 1 mature female, Cuc Phuong National Park, Ninh Binh Prov., 25 June 2018, Q.T. Phan leg.
Vietnam: Vinh Phuc (Tam Dao National Park), Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong National Park), Thua Thien Hue (Bach Ma National Park), Lam Dong (Bao Loc District) [Do and Dang 2007], Ha Noi (Ba Vi National Park) [
Holotype. A mature male, folded wings in triangular envelope. Original label: “Indocnemis marijanmatoki sp. n., Hon Ba Nature Reserve, Nha Trang city, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam (12°07'10.0"N, 108°5'51.0"E, 1503 m a.s.l.), T.odo.16041705, Q.T. Phan leg”, “HOLOTYPE” [red handwritten label]. Paratypes. 1 mature male, 1 mature female, same date, location and collector as the holotype. All type specimens are deposited in the Zoological Collection of Duy Tan University, Da Nang city, Vietnam.
Two mature males, collected in a small stream on the main route to the top of the Kon Ka Kinh Mountain (14°19'83.5"N, 108°24'31.9"E, 1450 m a.s.l), Dak Hro village, Dak Roong commune, K’Bang District, Gia Lai Province, 09 April 2018, To Van Quang leg.
Marijanmatoki, a noun in the genitive case, after Marijan Matok (born 28 March 1972) of Ulm-Söflingen, Germany, in appreciation of his support of the author’s odonatological research in Vietnam through the International Dragonfly Fund.
The new species differs from I. orang with a combination of the following characters: in the male, the marking on dorsum of synthorax is small, shield-shaped; S9–10 entirely black; cerci short, of the length as S10, without a robust basal spine; paraproct entirely black. In the female, the posterior pronotal lobe of the prothorax is rather small, semicircular-shaped.
Head (Fig.
Thorax (Fig.
Legs (Fig.
Wings (Fig.
Abdomen (Figs
Genital ligula (Fig.
Anal appendages (Figs
Measurements. HW 41 mm; abdomen (incl. appendages) 55 mm.
The paratype male differs from the holotype as follows: the blue marking on the mesepisternum slightly larger; the yellow marking in metepimeron not extending to the margin of metinfraepisternum as in the holotype; ventro-lateral S2 without yellow band and the pale marking on S10 bigger than in the holotype. In one male from Kon Ka Kinh National Park, cerci longer than S10, reaching the level of paraproct as in I. orang. Measurements ranges of hind wing 40 mm and abdomen (incl. appendages) 52 mm.
Head (Figs
Thorax (Figs
Legs. Coxae and trochanter yellowish. Femora black with yellow marks at base. Tibia, tarsus and armature black.
Wings. Hyaline, 23–24 and 20 Px in FW and HW, respectively. Pterostigma brown, covering 1.5–2 cells.
Abdomen (Fig.
Measurements. HW 41 mm; abdomen (incl. appendages) 55 mm.
At the type locality, the new species was found at a narrow (2–3 m wide), shallow stream with sandy bottom. Specimens were collected in April, which otherwise is early for other dragonflies and damselflies, so only Anotogaster sp. was found at the same stream. At the two localities where the new species was found, I. marijanmatoki sp. n. and I. orang occur at quite different elevations. The new species occurs at very high elevations, from 1,400–1,500 m a.s.l., while I. orang is usually found in the areas ranging from 300–600 m a.s.l.
In the male, the cerci of Indocnemis marijanmatoki sp. n. are relatively short, as long as S10 and lack a robust basal spine (Figs
Indocnemis spp. and Coeliccia spp., base of hind wing. The brownish cells indicated the number of cells between discoidal cell and the nervure descending from the subnode 31 I. marijanmatoki sp. n., holotype male 32 I. orang, male (Km 19, Hon Ba Nature Reserve) 33 C. ambigua, female (Ba Be National Park, Bac Kan Prov., 6.vii.2015, Hoang Vu Tru leg.) 34 C. mingxiensis, male (Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue Prov., 27.vi.2017, Q.T. Phan leg.) 35 C. cyanomelas, male (Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue Prov., 27.vi.2017, Q.T. Phan leg.).
I am sincerely grateful to the following people: Mr Tom Kompier for revising and improving earlier drafts of the manuscript; Dr Oleg E. Kosterin, Dr Keith D.P. Wilson, and Dr Jan van Tol for reviewing, revising the manuscript; Mr To Van Quang (Southern Institute of Ecology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology) for providing specimens; Mr Noppadon Makbun for providing information on the distribution of Indocnemis orang in Thailand; Dr Le Nguyen Bao (Provost of Duy Tan University) for supporting fieldwork; Mr Pham Anh Tuan (Duy Tan University) for his help during fieldwork and the directorate of Hon Ba Nature Reserve for providing support and permission; and finally the IDEA WILD Foundation for supporting the purchase of the Micro Nikkor lens used in this study.
My fieldwork was partly funded by the International Dragonfly Fund and the Nagao Natural Environment Foundation, Japan to the author via the project entitled “Assessment of species diversity and conservation status of stream-dwelling damselflies (Odonata: Calopterygoidea) in Vietnam”.