Review Article |
Corresponding author: Somsak Panha ( somsak.pan@chula.ac.th ) Academic editor: Frank Köhler
© 2019 Khamla Inkhavilay, Chirasak Sutcharit, Ueangfa Bantaowong, Ratmanee Chanabun, Warut Siriwut, Ruttapon Srisonchai, Arthit Pholyotha, Parin Jirapatrasilp, Somsak Panha.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Inkhavilay K, Sutcharit C, Bantaowong U, Chanabun R, Siriwut W, Srisonchai R, Polyotha A, Jirapatrasilp P, Panha S (2019) Annotated Checklist of the Terrestrial Molluscs from Laos (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha, Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia). ZooKeys 834: 1-166. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.834.28800
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The land area of Laos is composed of a large variety of undisturbed habitats, such as high mountainous areas, huge limestone karsts and the lower Mekong Basin. Therefore, Laos is expected to have a high species diversity, especially for the land snails. However, with respect to research on malacology, Laos is probably the least well-researched area for land snail diversity in Indochina (including Laos) over the past few centuries. The handful of species lists have never been systematically revised from the colonial period to the present, so these classifications are outdated. Herein we present the first comprehensive annotated checklist with an up-to-date systematic framework of the land snail fauna in Laos based on both field investigations and literature surveys. This annotated checklist is collectively composed of 231 nominal species (62 ‘prosobranch’ and 169 heterobranches), of which 221 nominal species are illustrated. The type specimens of 143 species from several museum collections and/or 144 species of newly collected specimens are illustrated. There are 58 species recorded as new to the malacofauna of the country, and two new replacement names are proposed as Hemiplecta lanxangnica Inkhavilay and Panha, nomen novum (Ariophantidae) and Chloritis khammouanensis Inkhavilay and Panha, nomen novum (Camaenidae). Four recently described species of the genus Amphidromus from Laos, “thakhekensis”, “richgoldbergi”, “attapeuensis” and “phuonglinhae” are synonymized with previously described species. In addition, thirteen nominal species are listed as uncertain records that may or may not occur in Laos. This annotated checklist may inspire malacologists to carry on systematic research in this region.
Biodiversity, conservation, land snail, type specimen, Southeast Asia, new name, Indochina
Laos, or Lao PDR, is located in the center of the Indo-Burma region, one of the global biodiversity hotspots (
The basic information on land snail biodiversity in Laos is scarce and scantly known. So far, the most likely first record dates back to around the middle of the nineteenth century. The well-known naturalist and traveller, Henri Mouhot, had explored the Indochina region especially during his fourth mission in Siam where he journeyed from Bangkok to Luang Phrabang (previously under the rule of Siam [Thailand]). The land snail collections gathered during Mouhot’s travel were then sent back to England under the Hugh Cuming legacy (
Later in the late nineteenth century, the Siamese territory on the east bank of the Mekong River (forming the present-day Laos) was appended to the French colonial territories as French Indochina. Around this period, the most important explorer was the French civil servant and diplomat Auguste Pavie (his surveys so-called “Mission Pavie”), who dealed with not only diplomacy and politics but also geology and natural history (
This paper is the first comprehensive treatment to update the land snail diversity from Laos since the “Mission Pavie” by
The data compiled in the checklist of land snails from Laos are from two main sources. The first is from the published malacological literature ranging from the nineteenth century until 2017. This historical literature, including the “Journal de Conchyliologie”, is available online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org and www.archive.org. The taxa described in
Henri Mouhot travel routes map (after
The other source of information was from field surveys performed during the years 2013–2014. Land snails in Laos were sampled using direct search techniques throughout the country, including the north mountainous forests, limestone areas in the central area and deciduous forests in the south (Fig.
All sampled locations were recorded. At each locality, we searched intensively for land snails for about 1 to 2 hours by 3 to 4 well-trained assistants. All living snails and slugs were photographed before being preserved in 70% ethanol, and empty shells were air dried in mesh-bags for one to two weeks before being sorted.
Three main habitat types following geographical subdivisions, north, central and south of Laos. A Natural vegetation type of mountainous and dry-evergreen forests in the north, Luang Phrabang Province B Massive limestone karsts and caves in the central, Vientiane Province C Sandstones and dry-dipterocarp forests in lowlands of the south, Champasak Province.
Species determination and identification of specimens are based on the literature and comparisons with the type specimens and/or reference collections from several natural history museums. The classification of the higher taxa in the list is according to
Photos of the type specimens from the Molluscs Collection (IM) of MNHN are credited to the museum taken under the project E-RECOLNAT: ANR-11-INBS-0004, or stated otherwise. Photos of the type specimens from FMNH and HNHM are credited to Jochen Gerber and Barna Páll-Gergely, respectively. Photos of the type specimens from the other museum collections are credited to each respective museum.
This annotated checklist is based on the published literature up to 2017 and field surveys from 2013 to 2014. It comprises 231 nominal species of land snail fauna in Laos. There are 24 genera and 62 species of the ‘prosobranchs’, and 57 genera and 169 species and nine subspecies of the heterobranchs. Among these, 221 nominal species are accompanied with figures, 67 of which are known only from the type specimens. The list also includes 11 unidentified species that were collected during our field surveys and five species known only from the literature without newly collected specimens and without indication of the type specimens. In addition, thirteen taxa are considered as uncertain records requiring verification through further surveys.
Helicina hungerfordiana
Möllendorff, 1882a: 182. Type locality: Hong Kong; Tung-dshou, Macao [Hong Kong and Macau, China].
Aphanoconia hungerfordiana:
Specimens from km 30, Laos-Vietnam border road, Yommalath District, Khammouan Province (Fig.
Hong Kong, China and Vietnam (
Two of the three subspecies, Aphanoconia hungerfordiana halongensis Wagner, 1905 and Aphanoconia hungerfordiana tonkinensis Möllendorff in Wagner, 1907, were reported from Northern Vietnam. However, in this survey, only one shell was collected, so the status of the subspecific taxa could not be confidently determined.
Calybium massiei
Morlet, 1892a[1891]: 316, 317. Type locality: propè Kham-Keut in Provinciâ Laos dicta [around Khamkeut District, Bolikhamxay Province, Laos].
Calybium masiei
[sic]:
Specimens from Tam Mungkorn Cave, Khamkeut District, Bolikhamxay Province (Fig.
Laos (
Trochatella mouhoti
Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 277, pl. 36, fig. 14. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Geotrochatella mouhoti:
Specimens from limestone near Tam Tarn Kaison Cave, Viengxay District, Houaphanh Province (Fig.
Cambodia, Laos and Thailand (
Georissa decora
Möllendorff, 1900: 138. Type locality: Touranne [Danang Province, Vietnam].
Specimens from Tam Xang Cave, Thakhek District, Khammouan Province (Fig.
Vietnam (
Specimens from Tam Mungkorn Cave, Khamkeut District, Bolikhamxay Province (Fig.
These specimens are small, rather thick and hardly translucent. The species differs from Georissa decora in having a dull, relatively smooth shell surface with thin and inconspicuous growth lines only, and spiral sculpture absent, while the former species has very strong and prominent spiral ridges.
Alycaeus mouhoti
Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 275, pl. 36, figs 1, 2. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos]. Pfeifer 1863b: 228, 229, pl. 59, figs 9–11.
Syntypes NHMUK 20170120 from “Lao Mountains” (3 shells; Fig.
“Alycaeus carinata Brandt”: unpublished name [not
Alycaeus rolfbrandti
Maassen, 2006b: 136, 137, figs 6–9. Type locality: limestone hills 20 km E. of Takek, Laos [Thakhek District, Khammouan Province, Laos].
Holotype RMNH 104423 Brandt ex. Hemmen collection figured in
Known from the limestone karsts in Khammouan and Bolikhamxay Provinces, Laos (
Brandt collects these shells in November 1963 from Laos and recognised this as a new species, but the finding was not published. Later,
Alycaeus (Dyorix [sic]) vanbuensis Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900b: 120. Type locality: Van-Bu, Tonkin [Van Ban District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
Alycaeus (Dioryx) vanbuensis:
Dioryx vanbuensis:
Alycaeus vanbuensis:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-31798 from “Van Bu” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
Dicharax abdoui
Páll-Gergely in
Holotype MNHN IM-2012-27329 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Alycaeus depressus
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912: 51–52, pl. 6, figs 10–13. Type locality: Pac-Kha, Tonkin [Pa Kha in Long Luong Commune, Van Ho District, Son La Province, Vietnam].
Dicharax depressus:
Syntype MNHN IM-2012-27165 from “Pac-Kha, Tokin” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Alycaens [sic] (Charax) fimbriatus Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912: 52–53, pl. 6, figs 14–17. Type locality: Pac-Kha [Pa Kha in Long Luong Commune, Van Ho District, Son La Province, Vietnam].
Charax fimbriatus:
Chamalycaeus aff. fimbriatus:
Dicharax fimbriatus:
Syntype MNHN IM-2012-27166 from “Pac-Kha” (1 shell; Fig.
China, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Alycaeus (Dioryx) bacca
Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 275, 276. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Dioryx bacca:
Specimen NHMUK 1903.7.1.2714 from “Lao Mts.” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and Thailand (
Dioryx cariniger
Möllendorff, 1897: 41. Type locality: Prope Oppidum Luang-Prabang in regione Laos dicta [near Luang Phrabang District, Luang Phrabang Province, Laos].
Lectotype SMF 171804 (Fig.
Alycaeus (Dioryx) messageri
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900b: 119. Type locality: That-Khe [That Khe Town, Trang Dinh District, Lang Son Province, Vietnam].
Dioryx messageri:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-31785 from “That-Khe” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
This species has a shell morphology very similar to Dioryx bacca, except it has a relatively larger shell and a shorter sutural tube.
Alycaeus (Charax) heudei
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900b: 121, 122. Type locality: Haut-Tonkin [North Vietnam].
Alycaeus (Dicharax) heudei:
Metalycaeus heudei:
Syntype MNHN IM-2012-27169 from “Haut-Tonkin” (1 shell; Fig.
China, Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Metalycaeus laosensis
Páll-Gergely in
Holotype MNHN IM-2012-27172 (Fig.
Known from several localities in Phongsaly Province, Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) floridum Pfeiffer, 1855[1854]: 300. Type locality: unknown.
Cyclophorus (Cyclophorus) floridus:
Specimens from Ban Na Phong village, Pakkading District, Bolikhamxay Province (Fig.
Thailand (
Cyclophorus franzhuberi Thach, 2017: 14, figs 54–56. Type locality: Thakhek, Khammouane Province, Central Laos.
Holotype MNHN-IM-2000-33194 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
A, B Dioryx messageri A syntype MNHN-IM-2000-31785 and B CUMZ collection C Metalycaeus heudei, syntype MNHN-IM-2012-27169 D Metalycaeus laosensis, holotype MNHN-IM-2012-27172 E Cyclophorus floridus, CUMZ collection F Cyclophorus franzhuberi, holotype MNHN-IM-2000-33194. Photos: B. Páll-Gergely (C, D).
Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) fulguratum Pfeiffer, 1854[1852]: 63. Type locality: unknown.
Cyclophorus fulguratus:
Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) fulguratus:
Lectotype NHMUK 20130117/1 and paralectotypes NHMUK 20130117/2-3 (2 shells) figured in
Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (
Cyclophorus khongensis Thach & Huber in Thach, 2017: 14, 15, figs 59–61. Type locality: Khong Island on Mekong River, Champasak Province, South Laos [Khong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Holotype MNHN-IM-2000-33202 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Cyclophorus mansuyi Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1908: 204, 205, pl. 8, figs 1–4. Type locality: Quang-Huyen [Quang Uyen District, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam].
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-33835 from “Quang-Huyen” (1 shell; Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Vietnam (
Cyclophorus (Litostylus) orthostylus
Möllendorff, 1898: 80, 81. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Paksong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Lectotype SMF 34719 (Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
Cyclostoma siamense Sowerby I, 1850: 158, pl. 31a, figs 292, 293. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) siamensis:
Cyclophorus siamensis:
Lectotype NHMUK 20130088/1 and paralectotype NHMUK 20130088/2 (1 shell) figured in
India and Thailand (
Helix volvulus Müller, 1774: 82. Type locality: unknown.
Cyclophorus (Cyclophorus) volvulus:
Cyclophorus volvulus:
Specimens from Pathoumphone District, Champasak Province (Figs
Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam (
Rhiostoma bernardii
Pfeiffer, 1862: 45, 46, pl. 6, fig. 5. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Specimens from unknown locality NHMUX ex. Cuming collection (1 shell; Fig.
Thailand (
Cyclotus (Procyclotus) porrectus
Möllendorff, 1898: 84. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Paksong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Holotype SMF 132373 (Fig.
Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Cyclotus conicus Martens, 1860: 10. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Japonia
(Lagochilus [sic]) conica:
Specimens from Tam Xieng Liab Cave, Thakhek District, Khammouan Province (Fig.
Thailand (
Cyclophorus klobukowskii Morlet, 1885[1884]: 391, 392, pl. 12, fig. 1. Type locality: Près des rapides de Kamchay, aux environs de la grotte de Kébal-Réméas (route de Kampot à Hatien); trouvé communément sur les montagnes, dans les forêts, jusqu’à Compong-Som, et sur les rives de Tap-Chéang [In the area of Preah Sihanouk and Kampot Provinces, Cambodia].
Japonia
(Lagochilus [sic]) klobukowskii:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-26699 (1 shell; Fig.
Cambodia (
Cyclophorus landesi Morlet, 1885[1884]: 392, 393, pl. 11, figs 5, 5a. Type locality: extrémité de la chaîne de lÉléphant, non loin de la mer [probably refers to the Damrei Mountains, south of Cardamom Ranges, Cambodia].
Japonia
(Lagochilus [sic]) landesi:
Specimens from km 30, Laos-Vietnam border road, Yommalath District, Khammouan Province (Fig.
Cambodia (
Cyclophorus laomontanus Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 276. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Japonia
(Lagochilus [sic]) laomontana:
Possible syntypes NHMUK ex. Cuming collection from “Lao Mountains, Camboja” (2 shells; Fig.
Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the possible type specimens were examined. This species has a shell morphology very similar to Lagocheilus klobukowskii. Further taxonomic revision is needed to clarify their taxonomic statuses.
Leptopoma michaui Crosse & Fischer, 1863b: 367–369, pl. 14, fig. 7. Type locality: insula Poulo-Condor dicta, Cochinchine [Con Dao Islands, Ba Ria–Vung Tau Province, Vietnam].
Japonia (Japonia) michaui:
Specimens from Nam Ork Roo, Ban Nathong village, Namo District, Oudomxay Province (Fig.
Vietnam (
Cyclophorus (?) scissimargo Benson, 1856a: 228. Type locality: Phie Than vallis Tenasserim [Payathonzu or Phaya Thone Zu Town, Kyain Seikgyi Township, Kawkareik District, Kayin State, Myanmar].
Cyclophorus scissimargo:
Japonia
(Lagochilus [sic]) scissimargo:
Lagochilus
[sic] scissimargo:
Japonia scissimargo:
Specimens from Tam Xang Cave, Thakhek District, Khammouan Province (Fig.
Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam (
This species is the type species of Lagocheilus Blanford, 1864.
Laotia pahiensis
Saurin, 1953: 113, 114, pl. 4, figs 1a–c, 2a–c. Type locality: environs du village méo de Pah Hia, à 100 kilomètres au Sud de Xieng-Khouang, chef-lieu de la province du Tran Ninh, Laos [probably refers to Ban Namthong, Longchaeng District, Xaisomboun Province, Laos].
Syntypes MNHN-IM-2000-28217 from “Pah Hia” (2 shells; Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined. For the current interpretation of Pa Hia, see
Leptopoma (Trocholeptopoma) annamiticum
Möllendorff, 1900: 134. Type locality: Insel Bay-Min [Bay Min Island, Ha Long Provincial, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam].
Lectotype SMF 126975 (Fig.
Thailand and Vietnam (
Pterocyclus
[sic] bathyschisma Möllendorff, 1898: 82, 83. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Paksong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Pterocyclos bathyschisma:
Ptychopoma bathyschisma:
Lectotype SMF 130360 (Fig.
Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Pterocyclos marioni
Ancey, 1898: 137, pl. 9, fig. f. Type locality: Luang-prabang, Laos and Mont Hou, Tonkin [Luang Phrabang Province, Laos and Muang Khua District, Phongsaly Province, Laos].
Pterocyclus
[sic] marioni:
Syntype NMW 1955.158.24090 from “Luang-prabang, Laos” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos (
Rhiostoma morleti
Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906[1905]: 429–431, pl. 10, figs 1–4. Type locality: Luang-Prabang, Laos; Ha Giang, Tonkin [Ha Giang Province, Vietnam].
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-20961 from “Laos” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
Specimens from limestone outcrops in Ngoy Town, Ngoy District, Luang Phrabang Province (Figs
These specimens differ from Rhiostoma morleti, R. marioni, R. christae Thach, 2016 and R. herosae Thach & Huber in Thach, 2017 from Laos and Vietnam in having a long, descending and curved detached-whorl (proboscis-like detached-whorl), an aperture opened subventrally, and with a short and complete tubular accessory respiratory structure close to the aperture. In contrast, these four nominal species have a short to absent detached-whorl, a complete tubular or canal-like accessory respiratory structure, and an aperture opened laterally.
Scabrina laotica
Möllendorff, 1897: 35. Type locality: Prope Luang-Prabang regionis Lao [Luang Phrabang Province, Laos].
Lectotype SMF 128489 figured in
Cyclostoma (?) patera Pfeiffer, 1854[1852]: 61. Type locality: unknown.
Scabrina patera:
Specimens NHMUK ex. Cuming collection from “Lao Mountain” (4 shells; Fig.
Southern India, Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar (
Pterocyclus [sic] vanbuensis Smith, 1896: 130. Type locality: Vanbu, Tonkin [Van Ban District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
Scabrina vanbuensis:
Syntypes NHMUK 1896.1.25.7-8 from “Vanbu, Tonkin” (2 shells; Fig.
The name Spiraculum was nominated by
Spiraculum massiei
Morlet, 1892b: 85. Type locality: Mont Pou-Khiou, dans le Laos [Pou Khiou Mountain, Khamkeut District, Bolikhamxay Province, Laos].
Pearsonia (Pearsonia) massiei:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-20837 from “Mont Pou-Khiou, dans le Laos” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos (
Pearsonia vilvensi Thach & Huber in Thach, 2017: 16, figs 74, 75, 77. Type locality: suburb of Vang Vieng town, Ventiane Province, Central Laos [Vangvieng District, Vientiane Province, Laos].
Pearsonia “viviensis” Thach and Huber in Thach, 2017: 73 (figure captions).
Specimen from Tam Pou Kham Cave, Vangvieng District, Vientiane Province (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
There are two different original spellings “vilvensi” in the species description and “viviensis” in the figure caption. However, “viviensis” seemed to be an inadvertent error, since the author clearly proposed this species name in honor to “Claude Vilvens”.
Specimens from Ban Phone Can village, Yommalath District, Khammouan Province (Figs
These specimens differ from Spiraculum massiei and S. vilvensi from Laos and Pterocyclos huberi Thach, 2015, S. franzhuberi (Thach, 2017) and S. thachi (Huber in Thach, 2017) from Vietnam in having a short complete tubular accessory respiratory structure located close to the aperture and projecting forward to the aperture. In comparison, S. massiei has a long complete tubular accessory respiratory structure located further away from the aperture and projecting up to the apex. Spiraculum vilvensi has a long complete tubular accessory respiratory structure laying in the suture and projecting backwards to the aperture, and an apertural lip expanded near the suture (see
Diplommatina belonis
Möllendorff, 1900: 137. Type locality: Touranne [Danang Province, Vietnam].
Diplommatina (Diplommatina) belonis:
Lectotype SMF 105380 figured in
Vietnam (
Diplommatina bifissurata Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912: 45, 46, pl. 5, figs 9, 10. Type locality: Nat-Son [Nat Son Commune, Kim Boi District, Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam], Cam-Duong [Cam Duong Commune, Lao Cai City, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam], Phong-Tho [Phong Tho District, Lai Chau Province, Vietnam].
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-32429 from “Nat-Son” (1 shell; Fig.
Known from several localities in Vietnam (
Diplommatina clausilioides
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912: 42, pl. 5, figs 3, 4. Type locality: Muong-Hum [Muong Hum Commune, Bat Xat District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-32430 from “Muong-Hum” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
Diplommatina lemyrei
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1904[1903]: 227, pl. 11, figs 5, 6. Type locality: That-Khé [That Khe Town, Trang Dinh District, Lang Son Province, Vietnam].
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-32416 from “That-Khé” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Diplommatina (Sinica) messageri
Ancey in Bavay and Dutzenberg 1904[1903]: 224, 225, pl. 11, figs 1, 2. Type locality: Backan et That-Khé, Tonkin [Bac Kan Province and That Khe Town, Trang Dinh District, Lang Son Province, Vietnam].
Diplommatina messageri:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-9668 from “Haut-Tonkin, Bac-Kan et That-Khé” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and several localities in Vietnam (
For the correct authorship of the name, see
Diplommatina rotundata Saurin, 1953: 114, 115, pl. 4, fig. 3a, b. Type locality: environs du village méo de Pah Hia, à 100 kilomètres au Sud de Xieng-Khouang, chef-lieu de la province du Tran Ninh, Laos [probably refers to Ban Namthong, Longchaeng District, Xaisomboun Province, Laos].
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and the type specimen could not be traced. This species was figured in
Specimens from limestone cliff near Tam Tarn Kaison Cave, Viengxay District, Houaphanh Province (Fig.
These specimens differ from Diplommatina bifissurata in having less whorls (5 or 6), a circular aperture without anterior canal and protrusion, and with a strong columella tooth, while the latter species has 8 whorls, an anterior canal well developed resulting in a short protrusion on apertural lip, and with a small columellar tooth.
Hybocystis mouhoti
Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 276, pl. 36, fig. 13. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Pollicaria mouhoti:
Lectotype NHMUK 20130071/1 (Fig.
Thailand and probably in Cambodia and Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Cyclostoma myersii Haines, 1855: 157, pl. 5, figs 9–11. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Pollicaria myersi
[sic]:
Pollicaria myersii:
Specimens from Ban Phone Can village, Yommalath District, Khammouan Province (Figs
Laos and Thailand (
Pseudopomatias linanprietoae
Páll-Gergely in
Holotype HNHM 98835 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (Páll-Gergely et al. 2015).
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Pseudopomatias sophiae
Páll-Gergely in
Holotype NHMUK 1910.1.21.2 (Fig.
Vietnam (
Pupina brachysoma
Ancey in
Specimens from Nam Ork Roo, Ban Nathong village, Namo District, Oudomxay Province (Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
For the correct authorship of the name, see
Pupina mouhoti
Pfeiffer, 1861a: 196. Type locality: Camboja [Cambodia].
Pupina (Tylotoechus) mouhoti:
Ngoy Town, Ngoy District, Luang Phrabang Province (Fig.
Cambodia and Laos (
A Pollicaria mouhoti, lectotype NHMUK 20130071/1 B Pollicaria myersii, CUMZ collection C Pseudopomatias linanprietoae, holotype HNHM 98835 D, E Pseudopomatias sophiae D holotype NHMUK 1910.1.21.2 and E CUMZ collection F Pupina brachysoma, CUMZ collection G Pupina mouhoti, CUMZ collection. Photo: B. Páll-Gergely (C).
Pupina verneaui
Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906[1905]: 440, 441, pl. 10, figs 13–15. Type locality: Ha-Giang [Ha Giang Province, Vietnam].
Ban Nong Kham village, Kasy District, Vientiane Province (Fig.
Vietnam (
Pupinella frednaggsi Thach & Huber in Thach, 2017: 19, 20, figs 124–130. Type locality: suburb of Luang Phrabang, Central Laos [Luang Phrabang Province, Laos].
Holotype NHMUK 20170285 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
Eupupina mansuyi Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1908: 207, 208, pl. 6, figs 12–15. Type locality: Deux-Ponts; Quang-Huyen [Quang Uyen District, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam].
Pupina mansuyi:
Pupinella mansuyi:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-30756 from “Deux-Ponts” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Pseudopomatias fulvus:
Vargapupa biheli
Páll-Gergely in
Holotype MNHN-IM-2012-27020 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Vargapupa humilis Páll-Gergely, 2016: 432, 433, figs 3a–i. Type locality: Central Laos, Luang Prabang province, just northeast of Phou Khoun [Phoukhoune District, Luang Prabang Province, Laos].
Holotype MNHN-IM-2012-27159 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Published figures of the type specimens of A Diplommatina rotundata, syntype (after
Atopos laidlawi Collinge, 1902: 90, 91, pl. 5, figs 53–55. Type locality: Ban Kong Rah, District of Gaboing [in the area of Kabang District, Yala Province, Thailand].
Specimen from Ngoy Town, Ngoy District, Luang Phrabang Province (Figs
Known only from the type locality in Southern Thailand (
Vaginulus siamensis Martens, 1867: 68, pl. 5, fig. 3. Type locality: Petshaburi [Petchaburi Province, Thailand].
Semperula siamensis:
Valiguna siamensis:
Specimens from Phou Thevada Hotel, Paksong District, Champasak Province (Figs
Sri Lanka and Thailand (
These slugs are usually found in disturbed forests, plantations and anthropogenic habitats all over Laos and Thailand.
Achatina fulica
Bowdich, 1822: pl. 13, fig. 3. Type locality: unknown.
Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica:
Specimens from Vientiane Province, Laos (Fig.
The origin of this species is probably from East Africa (
Glessula kentungensis Godwin-Austen, 1920: 57, 58. Type locality: Mong Sing, Siam Boundary [Sing District, Luang Namtha Province, Laos].
Syntypes NHMUK 1986002 from “Mong Sing, Siam Boundary” (4 shells; Fig.
Known only from the type locality “Mong Sing, Siam Boundary” which is now located in Luang Namtha Province of Laos (Godwin-Austen 1920).
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Glessula latestriata
Möllendorff, 1899: 166. Type locality: Kalow, Shan Staaten [Kalaw Township, Taunggyi District, Shan State, Myanmar].
Holotype SMF 145919 figured in
Myanmar and Thailand (
Glessula paviei
Morlet, 1893[1892]: 321, 322, pl. 7, figs 4, 4a, b. Type locality: Muong-Laï, dans le Laos; Laï Chan, bords de la rivière Noire, Tonkin [Muong Lai, Laos and Lai Chan on the banks of Black River, Tonkin].
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-4668 from “Muong-Lai, dans le Laos” (1 shell; Fig.
Bulimus (?) gracilis (?) Hutton, 1834: 84, 85, 93. Type locality: Mirzapoor; Futtehpoor Sikra; between Agra and Neemuch [refers to the area of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh States, India].
Lamellaxis (Allopeas) gracile
[sic]:
Allopeas gracilis:
Allopeas gracile
[sic]:
Lectotype NHMUK 1856.9.15.68/1, paralectotypes 1856.9.15.68/2-11 (10 shells; Fig.
All over Laos, Thailand and Vietnam (
This species occurs in both natural and transformed anthropogenic habitats. This widespread and pan-tropical species has been introduced into many countries, including in greenhouses, and occurs throughout Laos and Thailand.
Prosopeas macilentum
Ancey in
Prosopeas anceyi
Pilsbry, 1906: 33, pl. 6, figs 72, 73 [new replacement name].
Syntype of “macilentum Ancey, 1904” MNHN-IM-2000-4693 from “Bac-Kan, Tonkin” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
Prosopeas excellens
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909d[1908]: 247, 248. Type locality: Phong Tho [Phong Tho District, Lai Chau Province, Vietnam], Muong Bo [probably refers to the Nam Sai Commune, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-4661 from “Muong-Bo et Phong-Tho” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
A–C Allopeas gracilis A paralectotypes NHMUK 1856.9.15.68/2-11 B, C CUMZ collections D, E Prosopeas anceyi D syntype of “macilentum” MNHN-IM-2000-4693 and E CUMZ collection F, G Prosopeas excellens F syntype MNHN-IM-2000-4661 and G CUMZ collection H, I Prosopeas turricula H syntype NHMUK 1895.8.1.10 and I CUMZ collection.
Stenogyra henrici
Ancey, 1898: 134, 135, pl. 9, fig. e. Type locality: Luang-prabang [Luang Phrabang Province, Laos].
Specimens from Phou Fa Mountain, Phongsaly District, Phongsaly Province (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
Stenogyra turricula
Martens, 1860: 9. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Paropeas turricula:
Syntypes NHMUK 1895.8.1.10 from “Siam” (3 shells; Fig.
Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand (
Prosopeas ventrosulum
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909d[1908]: 248. Type locality: Phong Tho.
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-4666 from “Phong-To” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
Sinoennea euryomphala
Inkhavilay & Panha in
Holotype CUMZ 7067 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
Sinoennea lizae
Maassen, 2008: 235, figs 1–4. Type locality: Tam Khama, Ban Phou Lek, Vieng Phouka District, Luang Namtha Province, Laos.
Holotype RMNH 109522 figured in
Laos (
Streptaxis blaisei Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1905: 86, 87, pl. 3, figs 1–4. Type locality: Ile Krieu, Tonkin [Krieu Island, Ha Long Provincial, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam].
Haploptychius blaisei:
Holotype MNHN-IM-2000-30866 (Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
Streptaxis pellucens
Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 273, pl. 36, fig. 6. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Haploptychius pellucens:
Lectotype NHMUK 20160249.1 (Fig.
Cambodia and several localities in Laos (
Streptaxis porrecta Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 273. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Haploptychius porrectus:
Lectotype NHMUK 20140750.1 (Fig.
Known from several localities in Laos (
Indoartemon diodonta
Inkhavilay & Panha in
Holotype CUMZ 6289 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
Streptaxis tridens Möllendorff, 1898: 67. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Paksong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Indoartemon tridens:
Holotype SMF 108507 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Perrottetia aquilonaria
Siriboon & Panha in
Holotype CUMZ 5003 figured in
Laos and Thailand (
Both species names “aquilonaria” and “aquilonaris” were presented in the original description (
Streptaxis dugasti
Morlet, 1892b: 82. Type locality: Laï-Chau, sur les bords de la Rivière Noire, Tonkin [on the banks of the Black River, Lai Chau Province, Vietnam].
Perrottetia dugasti:
Lectotype MNHN-IM-2000-30867 (Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Perrottetia megadentata
Inkhavilay & Panha in
Holotype CUMZ 6286 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
Perrottetia unidentata
Inkhavilay & Panha in
Holotype CUMZ 6281 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
Gudeodiscus (Gudeodiscus) messageri raheemi
Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi in
Holotype NHMUK 20110370.1 (Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Specimens from Ban Naweed village, Viengxay District, Houaphanh Province (Figs
This population is very close to Gudeodiscus messageri, but slightly differs in having thicken periostracum. The ribbed protoconch indicates it is a member of the genus Gudeodiscus (Páll-Gergely pers. comm.).
Plectopylis laomontana:
Hunyadiscus saurini
Páll-Gergely in
Holotype MNHN-IM-2000-24947 (Fig.
Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Helix laomontana
Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 272, pl. 36, figs 9, 10. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Naggsia laomontana:
Syntypes NHMUK 2013004 from “Lao Mountains, Camboja” (3 shells; Fig.
Known from several localities from Luang Phrabang Province, Laos (
Specimen from pomelo plantation near Ngoi District, Luang Phrabang Province (Fig.
A small specimen was found on pomelo (Citrus maxima Merr) leaves.
Bulimus subangulatus Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 274, 275. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Amimopina subangulatus
[sic]:
Lectotype NHMUK 1986166 (Fig.
Thailand and possibly in Cambodia or Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
All enid species from Southeast Asia have recently been assigned to the genus Coccoderma Möllendorff, 1901 (
Helix
(Buliminopsis ?) corti Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909d[1908]: 245. Type locality: Ban-Lao [Ban Lao in Muong Bum Commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province, Vietnam].
Coccoderma
(?) corti:
Specimen from Ban Nong Tang village, Phookood District, Xieng Khaung Province (Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
Buliminus macrostoma Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912: 25, 26, pl. 4, figs 11–13. Type locality: Muong-Hum [Muong Hum Commune, Bat Xat District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
Ena macrostoma:
Coccoderma macrostoma:
Specimen from Phou Thaleang Bio-Diversity Conservation Area, Boun Neua District, Phongsaly Province (Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
Pupa lignicola Stoliczka, 1871: 171, 172, pl. 7, fig. 3. Type locality: Moulmein, provincia Tenasserim [Mawlamyine Township, Mawlamyine District, Mon State].
Pupisoma lignicola:
Widely distributed from India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia and Myanmar (
No material of this species was found and the possible syntype specimen was figured in
Angustopila singuladentis
Inkhavilay & Panha in
Holotype CUMZ 7036 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
Boysidia novemdentata Saurin, 1953: 115, 116, fig. 1, and pl. 4, fig. 4a–c. Type locality: environs du village méo de Pah Hia, à 100 kilomètres au Sud de Xieng-Khouang, chef-lieu de la province du Tran Ninh, Laos [probably refers to Ban Namthong, Longchaeng District, Xaisomboun Province, Laos].
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-33881 from “Pah Hia” (1 shell; Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined. For the current interpretation of Pa Hia, see
Boysidia pahpetensis Saurin, 1953: 116, fig. 2, and pl. 4, fig. 5a–c. Type locality: environs du village méo de Pah Hia, à 100 kilomètres au Sud de Xieng-Khouang, chef-lieu de la province du Tran Ninh, Laos [probably refers to Ban Namthong, Longchaeng District, Xaisomboun Province, Laos].
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-33880 from “Pah Hia” (1 shell; Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined. For the current interpretation of Pa Hia, see
Boysidia paviei
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912: 20, 21, pl. 3, figs 4–6. Type locality: Pac-Kha [Pa Kha in Long Luong Commune, Van Ho District, Son La Province, Vietnam]; Long-Ping [Lung Phinh Commune, Bac Ha District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
Boysidia (Paraboysidia) paviei:
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found and the type specimen could not be traced. This species was figured in
Gyliotrachela plesiolopa
Inkhavilay & Panha in
Holotype CUMZ 7061 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
Krobylos clerxi Maassen, 2008: 239, figs 7–10. Type locality: Tam Khama, Ban Phou Lek, Vieng Phouka District, Luang Namtha Province, Laos.
Holotype RMNH 109519.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found. This species was figured in
Pyramidula laosensis Saurin, 1953: 119, pl. 4, fig. 11a–c. Type locality: environs du village méo de Pah Hia, à 100 kilomètres au Sud de Xieng-Khouang, chef-lieu de la province du Tran Ninh, Laos [probably refers to Ban Namthong, Longchaeng District, Xaisomboun Province, Laos].
Krobylos laosensis:
Holotype MNHN-IM-2000-31746 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Paraboysidia anguloobtusus
Inkhavilay & Panha in
Holotype CUMZ 7057 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
The gender agreement of specific epithet was modified (
A Angustopila singuladentis, holotype CUMZ 7036 B Boysidia novemdentata, syntype MNHN-IM-2000-33881 C Boysidia pahpetensis, syntype MNHN-IM-2000-33880 D Gyliotrachela plesiolopa, holotype CUMZ 7061 E Krobylos laosensis, holotype MNHN-IM-2000-31746 F Paraboysidia anguloobtusa, holotype CUMZ 7057. Photo: B. Páll-Gergely (E).
Paraboysidia gittenbergeri
Maassen, 2008: 237–239, figs 5, 6. Type locality: Tam Khama, Ban Phou Lek, Vieng Phouka District, Luang Namtha Province, Laos.
Holotype RMNH 109521, paratype RMNH 109523 (1 shell) figured in
Known from the type locality in Laos (
Paraboysidia paralella
Inkhavilay & Panha in
Holotype CUMZ 7059 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
Paraboysidia wangviangensis
Panha & Tongkerd in
Holotype CUMZ, Ver 988 and paratypes CUMZ, Ver 089 (12 shells).
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found. This species was figured in
Garnieria mouhoti moellendorffi
Nordsieck, 2002: 8, 9, fig. 2. Type locality: Laos, Luang Prabang [Luang Phrabang Province, Laos].
Holotype SMF 32039 (Fig.
Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Clausilia mouhoti Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 275, pl. 36, fig. 5. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Clausilia
(Phaedusa?) massiei Morlet, 1892b: 83. Type locality: Luang Prabang, dans le Laos [Luang Phrabang Province, Laos].
Garnieria massiei:
Garnieria mouhoti:
Lectotype of “mouhoti Pfeiffer, 1863” NHMUK 20010206/1 and paralectotypes NHMUK 20010206/2-3 (2 shells; Fig.
Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
A Paraboysidia gittenbergeri, specimen CUMZ 7055 B Paraboysidia paralella, holotype CUMZ 7059 C Garnieria mouhoti moellendorffi, holotype SMF 32039 D, E Garnieria mouhoti mouhoti D paralectotypes of “mouhoti” NHMUK 20010206/2-3 and E syntype of “massiei” MNHN-IM-2000-2509 F, G Neniauchenia amoena F holotype MNHN-IM-2000-2410 and G CUMZ collection.
Garnieria saurini
Nordsieck, 2002: 9, 10, fig. 3. Type locality: Laos, Pah Xieng Tong, Pah Hia [probably refers to Ban Namthong, Longchaeng District, Xaisomboun Province, Laos].
Holotype MNHN-IM-2000-2672 (Fig.
Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined. For the current interpretation of Pa Hia, see
Tropidauchenia (Neniauchenia) amoena Nordsieck, 2002: 10, 11, fig. 4. Type locality: Laos, Phou Tiou [Phou Tiou hill near Ban Nam San Noi village, Viengkham District, Vientiane Province, Laos].
Neniauchenia amoena:
Grandinenia amoena:
Holotype MNHN-IM-2000-2410 (Fig.
Known from several localities in Laos (
Clausilia dautzenbergi Morlet, 1893[1892]: 320, 321, pl. 7, figs 2, 2a, b. Type locality: Kham-Keute, dans le Laos [Khamkeut District, Bolikhamxay Province, Laos].
Neniauchenia dautzenbergi:
Grandinenia dautzenbergi:
Syntypes MNHN-IM-2000-2432 from “Kham-Keute” (2 shells; Fig.
Known from several localities in Laos (
Tropidauchenia (Neniauchenia) dautzenbergi decollata Nordsieck, 2002: 11, 16, fig. 5. Type locality: Laos, B. (= Ban) Na Ka Yak (Nhoum = Ngum?) [probably refers to Ban Me Nhoum village, Khamkeut District, Bolikhamxay Province, Laos].
Neniauchenia dautzenbergi decollata:
Holotype MNHN-IM-2000-2433 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Clausilia (Garnieria) rugifera Möllendorff, 1898: 76, 77. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Paksong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Neniauchenia rugifera:
Lectotype SMF 32015 (Fig.
Laos and possibly in Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Neniauchenia tonkinensis
Nordsieck, 2010: 46, 47, fig. 1. Type locality: Cuc Phuong N. P., Nho Quan District, Ninh Binh, Vietnam [error].
Grandinenia tonkinensis:
Holotype SMF 331370 (Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
A Garnieria saurini, holotype MNHN-IM-2000-2672 B, C Neniauchenia dautzenbergi dautzenbergi B syntype MNHN-IM-2000-2432 and C CUMZ collection D Neniauchenia dautzenbergi decollata, holotype MNHN-IM-2000-2433 E Neniauchenia rugifera, lectotype SMF 32015 F Neniauchenia tonkinensis, holotype SMF 331370.
Garnieria huleschheliae Grego & Szekeres, 2011: 14, 15, text figure and pl. 4, fig. 14. Type locality: northern region, Laos.
Progarnieria huleschheliae:
Holotype SMF 334937 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Lindholmiella ahuiri Grego & Szekeres, 2011: 9, 10, text figure and pl. 2, fig. 7. Type locality: Vieng Xai, Houaphanh Province, Laos.
Paratypes NHMUK 20100241 (2 shells; Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Oospira abstrusa ginkae
Grego & Szekeres in
Specimens from Phou Thaleang Bio-Diversity Conservation Area, Boun Neua District, Phongsaly Province (Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
Clausilia (Hemiphaedusa) bolovenica Möllendorff, 1898: 76. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Paksong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Clausilia (Hemiphaedusa) bolovenica Mut. gracilis Möllendorff, 1898: 76. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Paksong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Hemiphaedusa (Hemiphaedusa) bolovenica:
Hemiphaedusa (Hemiphaedusa) bolovenica gracilis:
Oospira (Oospira) bolovenica:
Lectotype of “bolovenica Möllendorff, 1898” SMF 62250 and paralectotypes SMF 62252 (6 shells), SMF 84922 (1 shell). Holotype of “bolovenica Mut. gracilis Möllendorff, 1898” SMF 62251.
Laos and possibly in Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined. The original description did not include an illustration. Later, Zilch designated and illustrated the lectotype of the species (
Oospira (?) gregoi Szekeres & Thach in Thach, 2017: 29, 30, figs 350–354. Type locality: Attapeu Province, southeast of Laos, close to Vietnam border.
Holotype NHMUK 20170227 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Oospira (Oospira) tetraptyx
Nordsieck, 2003: 130, 131, pl. 2, fig. 10. Type locality: Xieng Khouang, Muong Phan [probably refers to Kham District, Xieng Khaung Province, Laos].
Holotype MNHN-IM-2000-2219 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Phaedusa (Phaedusa) micropaviei
Nordsieck, 2011: 159, fig. 11. Type locality: Moc Chau towards Son La road, Son La, Vietnam.
Holotype SMF 335898 (Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Clausilia paviei
Morlet, 1893[1892]: 319, 320, pl. 7, figs 1, 1a–c. Type locality: Muong-Laï, dans le Laos [probably refers to the area of Muong Cha District, Dien Bien Province, Vietnam].
Phaedusa paviei:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-2655 from “Muong-Lai” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Phaedusa pygmaea Grego & Szekeres, 2011: 10, 11, text figure and pl. 2, fig. 8. Type locality: Hat Sao (Nong Khiaw), Luang Phrabang Province, Laos.
Paratype NHMUK 20100238 (1 shell; Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
Clausilia moirati Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909a: 100–102, pl. 2, figs 10–12. Type locality: Pac Kha [Pa Kha Commune, Bac Ha District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam], Muong Bo [probably refers to the Nam Sai Commune, Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam] et Binh-Lu [Binh Lieu District, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam].
Synprosphyma (Synprosphyma) moirati:
Hemiphaedusa (Hemiphaedusa) moirati:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-2642 from “Pac-Kha, Muong-Bo et Binh-Lu” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
Incilaria bilineata Benson in Cantor, 1842: 486. Type locality: Chusan [China].
Meghimatium bilineata
[sic]:
Specimens from Phou Thaleang Bio-Diversity Conservation Area, Boun Neua District, Phongsaly Province (Figs
Southern China (
Philomycus pictus Stoliczka, 1873: 30, 31, pl. 3, figs 9–14. Type locality: Penang hill, Penang Island [Malaysia].
Meghimatium cf. pictum:
Specimens from Phou Thaleang Bio-Diversity Conservation Area, Boun Neua District, Phongsaly Province (Figs
China and Malaysia (
Kaliella eurhabdota Saurin, 1953: 118, pl. 4, fig. 9a–d. Type locality: environs du village méo de Pah Hia, à 100 kilomètres au Sud de Xieng-Khouang, chef-lieu de la province du Tran Ninh, Laos [probably refers to Ban Namthong, Longchaeng District, Xaisomboun Province, Laos].
Specimens from km 159-177 road from Hoauisai, Ban Nam Thoung Village, Hoauixai District, Bokeo Province (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
For the current interpretation of Pa Hia, see
Kaliella micracyna Saurin, 1953: 117, pl. 4, fig. 10a, b. Type locality: environs du village méo de Pah Hia, à 100 kilomètres au Sud de Xieng-Khouang, chef-lieu de la province du Tran Ninh, Laos [probably refers to Ban Namthong, Longchaeng District, Xaisomboun Province, Laos].
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and the type specimen could not be traced. This species was figured in
Kaliella muongomensis Saurin, 1953: 117, pl. 4, figs 6a, b, 7. Type locality: Muong Om, voisine de Pah Hia, à 100 kilomètres au Sud de Xieng-Khouang, chef-lieu de la province du Tran Ninh, Laos [probably refers to Ban Namthong, Longchaeng District, Xaisomboun Province, Laos].
Specimens from Par-Houak limestone, Ban Vieng Swarng village, Vieng Phouka District, Luang Namtha Province (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
For the current interpretation of Pa Hia, see
Kaliella ordinaria
Ancey in
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-9660 from “Van Bu, Tonkin Occidental; Haut Tonkin” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
For the correct authorship of the name, see
Kaliella ornatissima
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912: 14, 15, pl. 2, figs 13–16. Type locality: Trinh-Tuong [Trinh Tuong Commune, Bat Xat District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam] et Binh-Lu, Tonkin [Binh Lieu District, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam].
Specimens from Par-Houak limestone, Ban Vieng Swarng village, Vieng Phouka District, Luang Namtha Province (Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
Kaliella tongkingensis
Möllendorff, 1901a: 70. Type locality: Than-moi, Mansongebirge [Mou Son Mountain, Lang Son Province, Vietnam].
Nanina (Kaliella) tongkingensis: Kobelt 1905: 1194, 1195, pl. 296, figs 13, 14.
Specimens from limestone outcrops near Ngoi Town, Ngoy District, Luang Phrabang Province (Fig.
Xestina tenera
Möllendorff, 1901b: 46. Type locality: Ballach, Süd-Annam [Southern Vietnam].
Nanina (Xestina) tenera: Kobelt 1902b: 1077, pl. 273, figs 10–12.
Quantula tenera tenera:
Holotype SMF 226949 (Fig.
Vietnam (
Helix weinkauffiana
Crosse & Fischer, 1863b: 350, 351. Type locality: Cochinchine [Southern Vietnam].
Nanina (Xestina) weinkauffiana:
Ariophanta (Cryptozona) weinkauffiana:
Syntypes MNHN-IM-2000-27780 from “Cochinchine” (3 shells; Fig.
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam (
Specimens from limestone outcrop at Tam Nang Rod Cave, Na-dan village, Yommalath District, Khammouan Province, Laos (Fig.
These specimens differ from Quantula weinkauffiana in having a smaller shell, upper shell surface with prominent nodules arranged on transverse ridges, and these ridges diminish below the periphery. In contrast, Q. weinkauffiana has a larger shell, an upper shell surface with smooth transverse ridges that terminate at the peripheral keel, and a smooth surface below the periphery.
Helix benigna Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 269, pl. 36, figs 11, 12. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Trochomorpha benigna:
Syntypes NHMUK ex. Cuming collection from “Lao Mountains, Camboja” (3 shells; Fig.
Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Helix paviei Morlet, 1885[1884]: 386, 387, pl. 11, figs 1, 1a. Type locality: dans les forêts, entre Kampot et Phnom-Penh, particulièrement près des rapides de Kamchay (rivière de Kampot), sur les bois pourris et les petite plantes [In forests, between Kampot and Phnom Penh, especially near the rapids Kamchay (Kampot River), on rotten wood and small plants].
Sivella paviei:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-27885 from “Kampoi et Phnom-Penh” (1 shell; Fig.
Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam (
Helix saigonensis Crosse, 1867: 208, 209, pl. 6, fig. 3. Type locality: in provincia Saigonensi et in insula Poulo-Condor dicta, Cochinchinae gallicae [Ho Chi Minh City and Con Dao Islands, Ba Ria–Vung Tau Province, Vietnam].
Geotrochus saigonensis:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-27875 “Poulo Condor” (1 shell; Fig.
Cambodia and Vietnam (
Specimens from Tam Nang Rod Cave, Na-dan village, Yommalath District, Khammouan Province (Fig.
These specimens differ from all other known species in Indochina by having a trochiform with a dome-shaped shell with the upper periphery dome-shaped and the lower periphery flattened; the shell is thickened and relatively large; last whorl with a sharp peripheral keel; upper periphery with irregular growth lines and brownish subsutural band; aperture angulated, lip simple and slightly thickened; umbilicus widely open and deep.
The generic assignment of this species in Trochomorpha s.l. is still provisional, and additional anatomical studies are necessary to confirm the systematic position of this species.
Specimens from Tam Xang Cave, Thakhek District, Khammouan Province (Fig.
These specimens obviously differ from Trochomorpha paviei by having a trochiform shell with the upper periphery dome-shaped and the lower periphery flattened; shell thickened, with monochrome dark brown colour; shell surface with thin transverse ridges; apertural lip slightly thickened; umbilicus open and deep. In contrast, Trochomorpha paviei has a trochiform shell with the upper periphery depressed, dome-shaped and the lower periphery convex; shell thin, translucent with monochrome brownish colour; apertural lip simple; umbilicus widely open and deep.
The generic assignment of this species in Trochomorpha s.l. is still provisional, and additional anatomical studies are necessary to confirm the systematic position of this species.
Specimens from Par-Houak limestone, Ban Vieng Swang village, Vieng Phoukha District, Luang Namtha Province (Fig.
These specimens are similar to Trochomorpha bicolor Martens, 1864, but the distinct characters are an elevated conical shell with flattening below the periphery, and a narrower and deep umbilicus.
The generic assignment of this species in Trochomorpha s.l. is still provisional, and additional anatomical studies are necessary to confirm the systematic position of this species.
Helix crossei Pfeiffer, 1862: 39, pl. 5, figs 2, 3. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Nanina (Xestina) crossei:
Nanina (Hemiplecta) crossei:
Ariophanta (Cryptozona) crossei:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-1869 from “Siam” (1 shell; Fig.
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Helix danae Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 268. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Nanina (Xestina) danae: Kobelt 1902b: 1076, pl. 273, figs 4–6.
Ariophanta (Cryptozona) danae:
Syntype NHMUK 20090243 from “Lao Mountains, Camboja” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and possibly Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Bensonia (Oxytes) laotica Möllendorff, 1899: 165. Type locality: Oberer Mekong im Lande der Laos [Upper Mekong in Laos].
Nanina (Oxytes) laotica: Kobelt 1902b: 1091. Kobelt 1904: pl. 276, figs 4, 5.
Syntype SMF 226681 from “Laos” (1 shell; Fig.
Known only form the type locality in Laos (Kobelt 1902b).
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Bensonia prionotropis Möllendorff, 1898: 69, 70. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Paksong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Ariophanta
(?) (Cryptozona) prionotropis:
Syntype SMF 226683 from “Boloven” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and probably in Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Specimens from plantation near Ngoy Town, Ngoy District, Luang Phrabang Province (Figs
The genus was first described from Peninsula Malaysia. These semi-slugs were founded on pomelo (Citrus maxima Merr) leaves. This is probably the second species of the genus. However, the genitalia characters of the type species are still unknown (
Helix siamensis
Pfeiffer, 1856a: 32. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Nanina (Hemiplecta) siamensis: Kobelt 1905: 1136, pl. 285, figs 10, 11.
Hemiplecta (Hemiplecta) siamensis:
Cryptozona siamensis:
Specimens from Tad Pha Soam waterfall, Paksong District, Champasak Province (Figs
Cambodia, Laos and Thailand (
Helix distincta
Pfeiffer, 1850: 69, 70. Type locality: insulis Moluccis [Molucca Islands].
Nanina distincta:
Rhysota distincta:
Hemiplecta (Koratia) distincta:
Koratia distincta:
Possible syntypes NHMUK ex. Cuming collection from “Siam and Camboja” (3 shells; Fig.
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam (
Hemiplecta esculenta Maassen, 2006a: 17, 18, figs 10–12. Type locality: limestone area near village Hang, NW-point Pu Luong National Park, Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam.
Holotype RMNH 99424 (Fig.
Vietnam (
Nanina distincta var. funerea
Smith, 1896: 128. Type locality: Vanbu, Tonkin [Van Ban District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
Nanina (Rhysota) distincta var. funerea:
Syntype NHMUK 1896.1.25.4 of “var. funerea” from “Vanbu, Tonkin” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
Hemiplecta huberi Thach, 2017: 33, figs 389–391. Type locality: Thakhek, Khammouane Province, Central Laos.
Holotype MNHN-IM-2000-33196 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Helminthoglypta huberi Thach, 2017: 54, figs 747–749 [non Hemiplecta huberi Thach, 2017: 33, figs 389–391]. Type locality: Thakhek, Khammouane Province, Central Laos.
The species name “lanxangnica” is derived from “Lan Xang”, the name of the historical empire during 13th to 18th centuries, which represents the current Laotian area.
Holotype RMNH 5006710, paratype MNHN-IM-2000-33215 (1 shell; Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
The genus Helminthoglypta Ancey, 1887 is mainly distributed in the California and northwest of Mexico (
By relocating Helminthoglypta huberi Thach, 2017 to the genus Hemiplecta, it becomes a secondary homonym of Hemiplecta huberi Thach, 2017. According to the ICZN guideline (
Helix pluto
Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 268, 269. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Nanina (Hemiplecta) pluto:
Hemiplecta pluto:
Syntypes NHMUK ex Cuming collection (2 shells; Fig.
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam (
Macrochlamys callojuncta
Ancey, 1898: 129. Type locality: Luang-prabang, Laos [Luang Phrabang Province, Laos].
Specimens from Ban Na Bia (Ban 019) village, Ngoy District, Luang Phrabang Province (Figs
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
Helix mitis
Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 268. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Ariophanta (Kaliella) mitis:
Hyalinia mitis:
Syntypes NHMUK ex. Cuming collection from “Lao Mountains, Camboja” (2 shells; Fig.
Cambodia and Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined. The generic placement of this species is provisional. We placed this species into Macrochlamys s.l. because it has a depressed conic shell, thin and translucent shell, smooth and shining shell surface, with 4 to 7 whorls and the last whorl rounded, and a simple apertural lip. However, this species differs slightly from Macrochlamys s.l. in having varices and a widely opened umbilicus (see Godwin-Austen (1883: 76–84) and
Vitrina tecta Souleyet in Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852: 499, 500, pl. 28, figs 15–17. Type locality: environs de Touranne, en Cochinchine [Da Nang Province, Vietnam].
Megaustenia
(?) tecta:
Syntypes NHMUK 1854.7.24.351 (2 shells; Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined. Recently,
Helicarion maleficus
Mabille, 1887a: 2. Type locality: Tonkin [Northern Vietnam].
Cryptosoma maleficum: Kobelt 1905: 1196, 1197, pl. 297, figs 4–6.
Specimens from limestone hill at Ban Nathan village, Viengxay District, Houaphanh Province (Figs
Laos and Vietnam (
Vitrina siamensis Haines, 1855: 158. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Cryptosoma siamensis: Kobelt 1905: 1197, 1198, pl. 297, figs 7–9.
Megaustenia siamensis:
Megaustenia siamense
[sic]:
Syntype AMNH 43912 from “Siam” (1 shell; Fig.
Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (
Lamprocystis annamitica Möllendorff, 1898: 68. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Paksong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Microcystina
(?) annamitica:
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found.
Microcystina messageri
Ancey in Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1904[1903]: 207, 208, pl. 8, figs 8–10. Type locality: Bac-Kan [Bac Kan Province, Vietnam].
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-9658 from “Bac-Kan” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
For the correct authorship of the name, see
Microcystis mirmido
Dautzenberg, 1893: 162, 163, pl. 8, fig. 1. Type locality: environs dHaïphong [the area of Hai Phong Province, Vietnam].
Microcystina mirmido:
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found.
Otesia mecongana Möllendorff, 1899: 165. Type locality: Oberer Mekong im Lande der Laos [upper Mekong in Laos].
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found.
Parmarion martensi
Simroth, 1893: 107, 108, pl. 7, fig. 8, pl. 8, figs 20–22. Type locality: Cambodja [Cambodia].
Specimens from limestones in Ngoy Town, Ngoy District, Luang Phrabang Province (Figs
Cambodia, Malaysia and Singapore (
Zonites benoiti Crosse & Fischer, 1863b: 346, pl. 14, fig. 4. Type locality: in loco Fuyen-Moth dicto, Cochinchine [Phu Yen Province, Vietnam].
Macrochlamys benoiti:
Specimens from Phou Fa Mountain, Phongsaly District, Phongsaly Province (Fig.
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam (
Nanina despecta
Mabille, 1887a: 2. Type locality: Tonkin [North Vietnam].
Macrochlamys despecta:
Syntypes MNHN-IM-2000-27880 from “Nha Trang” (1 shell), MNHN-IM-2000-27881 from “Nha Trang” (6 shells) and MNHN-IM-2000-27882 from “Nha Trang” (5 shells; Fig.
Vietnam (
Helix hainesi
Pfeiffer, 1856a: 32. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Macrochlamys hainesi:
Sarika aff. hainesii
[sic]:
Syntypes NMHUK ex. Cuming collection from “Siam” (3 shells; Fig.
Laos and Thailand (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Helix resplendens Philippi, 1846: 192. Type locality: Prope Mergui Indiae orientalis [Myeik (Mergui) Archipelago, Myeik District, Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar].
Macrochlamys resplendens:
Nanina (Austenia) resplendens: Kobelt 1905: 1183, 1184, pl. 294, figs 1, 2.
Sarika resplendens:
Specimens from Ban Namone village, Xayaboury District, Xayaboury Province (Figs
mainland Southeast Asia and eastern India (
Helix similaris var. infantilis Gredler, 1881: 111. Type locality: Provinz Hunan, Distrikt Yün-tscheu-fu, China [Yueyanglou District, Hunan Province, China].
Nanina
(?) infantilis:
Xesta unilineata
Dautzenberg, 1893: 161, pl. 7, fig. 4. Type locality: environs dHaïphong [the area of Hai Phong Province, Vietnam].
Chalepotaxis infantilis:
Bradybaena similaris infantilis:
Paratype SMF 193148 from “Hunan, China” (1 shell). Specimens from Nam Ork Roo, Ban Nathong village, Namo District, Oudomxay Province (Fig.
China, Laos and Vietnam (
Durgella libas Solem, 1966: 50–56, figs 7–9, 13b. Type locality: Wang Dao, North Thailand [Chiang Dao District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand].
Specimens from Khaungsi waterfall, Luang Phrabang District, Luang Phrabang Province (Figs
Known only from the type locality in Northern Thailand (
Helicarion rhaphiellus
Martens, 1867: 69, pl. 12, fig. 9. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Syntype ZMB/Moll–5033 from “Siam” (1 shell + one decayed; Fig.
Laos and Thailand (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Helix bouyei Crosse & Fischer, 1863a: 269, 270, pl. 9, fig. 7. Type locality: insula Poulo-Condor [Con Dao Islands, Ba Ria–Vung Tau Province, Vietnam].
Sesara bouyei:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-27879 from “Poulo Condor” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
Sesara penoti
Ancey, 1898: 129, 130, pl. 9, fig. c. Type locality. Luang-prabang [Luang Phrabang Province, Laos].
Syntype NMW 1955.158.24179 from “Luang-prabang, Laos” (1 shell). Specimens from Nam Ork Roo, Ban Nathong village, Namo District, Oudomxay Province (Fig.
Sitala tricincta Saurin, 1953: 118, pl. 4, fig. 8a, b. Type locality: environs du village méo de Pah Hia, à 100 kilomètres au Sud de Xieng-Khouang, chef-lieu de la province du Tran Ninh, Laos [probably refers to Ban Namthong, Longchaeng District, Xaisomboun Province, Laos].
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and the type specimen could not be traced. This species was figured in
Helix (Ganesella) coudeini
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900b: 113. Type locality: Bac-Kan [Bac Kan Province, Vietnam].
Ganesella coudeini:
Ganesella (Ganesella) coudeini:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-1867 from “Bac-Kan, Tonkin” (1 shell; Fig.
Thailand and Vietnam (
Helix emma
Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 273. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Aegista (Plectotropis) emma:
Syntype NHMUK 20170016 from “Lao Mountains, Camboja” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and possibly in Cambodia (
Helix (Plectotropis) gitaena
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909d[1908]: 240. Type locality: Nat-Son [Nat Son Commune, Kim Boi District, Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam].
Aegista (Plectotropis) gitaena:
Plectotropis gitaena:
Specimens from Ban Namone village, Xayaboury District, Xayaboury Province (Fig.
Vietnam (
Helix (Plectotropis) pseudotrochula
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909d[1908]: 239. Type locality: Muong-Kong [Muong Khuong District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam], Muong-Hum [Muong Hum Commune, Bat Xat District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam], Pac-Kha [Pa Kha in Long Luong Commune, Van Ho District, Son La Province, Vietnam], Phong-Tho [Phong Tho District, Lai Chau Province, Vietnam], Trinh-Tuong [Trinh Tuong Commune, Bat Xat District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
Aegista (Plectotropis) pseudotrochula:
Plectotropis pseudotrochula:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-31775 (1 shell; Fig.
Helix (Plectotropis) subinflexa var. major Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909b: 188, pl. 7, fig. 4. Type locality: Phong-Tho [Phong Tho District, Lai Chau Province, Vietnam].
Aegista (Plectotropis) subinflexa major:
Plectotropis subinflexa var. major:
Syntype of “var. major Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909” MNHN-IM-2000-31777 from “Phong-Tho” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
Helix (Plectotropis) subinflexa var. minor Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909b: 188, pl. 7, fig. 5. Type locality: Long-Ping, près de Pac-Kha; Phong-Tho, Muong-Hum [Lung Phinh Commune, Bac Ha District, Lao Cai Province; Muong Hum Commune, Bat Xat District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
Aegista (Plectotropis) subinflexa minor:
Plectotropis subinflexa var. minor:
Syntype of “var. minor Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909” MNHN-IM-2000-31778 from “Phong-Tho, Muong-Hum” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
Helix bocageana
Crosse, 1864: 284, 285. Type locality: China.
Bradybaena (Karaftohelix) weyrichi bocageana:
Karaftohelix bocageana bocageana:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-1844 from “China” (1 shell; Fig.
Helix jourdyi
Morlet, 1886c: 75, 76. Type locality: Tonkin. Les environs de Lang-son, Dang-son et Chu [Chu River, Lang Son Province; Dang Son Commune, Do Luong District, Nghe An Province, Vietnam].
Bradybaena jourdyi:
Bradybaena
(?) jourdyi:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-1944 from “Lang-Son, Dang-Son et Chu” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
Helix similaris Fèrussac, 1821: 43, no. 262, pl. 25b, figs 1, 4. Type locality: Timor.
Eulota similaris:
Bradybaena similaris:
Syntypes MNHN-IM-2000-31776 “Timor ? Nouvelle Hollande” (3 shells; Fig.
This species has been introduced widely around the world (
This species occurs in disturbed lowland to highland in Luang Phrabang, Phongsali and Xayaboury Provinces of Laos.
Helix (Plectotropis ?) bonnieri Fischer, 1898: 319, 320, pl. 17, figs 12–16. Type locality: Rochers calcaires Dèo-Ma-Phuc [Deo Ma Phuc limestone hills located east of Cao Bang District, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam].
Plectotropis bonnieri:
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found.
Helix repanda Pfeiffer, 1861a: 195. Type locality: Camboja [Cambodia].
Plectotropis
(?) repanda:
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found.
Bulimus areolatus
Pfeiffer, 1861a: 194. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Amphidromus (Syndromus) areolatus:
Amphidromus areolatus:
Lectotype NHMUK 19601430 and paralectotype NHMUK 19601431 (1 shell) figured in
Laos and Thailand (
Bulimus comes
Pfeiffer, 1861a: 193, 194. Type locality: Camboja [Cambodia].
Amphidromus (Amphidromus) comes:
Amphidromus comes:
Lectotype NHMUK 19601434 and paralectotypes NHMUK 19601435 (2 shells) figured in
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Bulimus flavus
Pfeiffer, 1861a: 194. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Amphidromus (Syndromus) flavus:
Syndromus flavus:
Amphidromus flavus:
Lectotype NHMUK 19601436 and paralectotype NHMUK 19601437 (1 shell) figured in
Laos, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam (
Amphidromus zebrinus fuscolabris
Möllendorff, 1898: 75. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Paksong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Amphidromus (Syndromus) zebrinus fuscolabris:
Amphidromus (Syndromus) fuscolabris:
Amphidromus thakhekensis Thach & Huber in Thach, 2017: 48, figs 553–556. Type locality: Thakhek, Khammouane Province, South-Central Laos. New synonym.
Holotype of “fuscolabris Möllendorff, 1898” SMF 7641 figured in
Known from several localities in Laos and probably in Vietnam (
The holotype of Amphidromus thakhekensis Thach & Huber, 2017 is identical to the un-banded colour form of A. fuscolabris, which probably reflects intra-population variation rather than separate biological species entities. Therefore, we recognised this name as a junior synonym of A. fuscolabris.
Amphidromus gerberi Thach & Huber in Thach, 2017: 39, 40, figs 649–652, 654, 655. Type locality: Don Khong Island on Mekong River, Si Phan Don, South Laos [Khong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Holotype FMNH 381987 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Amphidromus givenchyi
Geret, 1912: 55, 56, pl. 2, figs 21, 22. Type locality: unknown.
Amphidromus (Amphidromus) givenchyi:
Amphidromus richgoldbergi Thach & Huber in Thach, 2017: 45, figs 505–508. Type locality: Vang Vieng, Ventiane Province, Central Laos [Vangvieng District, Vientiane Province, Laos]. New synonym.
Holotype of “richgoldbergi Thach & Huber, 2017” FMNH 381986 (Fig.
Laos and Thailand (
Amphidromus richgoldbergi Thach & Huber, 2017 has a dextral shell, yellowish-green periostracum and a brownish spot on the apex (
Amphidromus haematostoma
Möllendorff, 1898: 74, 75. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Champasak, Laos].
Amphidromus haematostoma var. viridis
Möllendorff, 1898: 75. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Champasak, Laos].
Amphidromus haematostoma var. varians
Möllendorff, 1898: 75. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Champasak, Laos].
Amphidromus (Syndromus) haematostoma:
Amphidromus haematostomus
[sic]:
Amphidromus attapeuensis Thach & Huber in Thach, 2017: 37, 38, figs 573–578. Type locality: Attapeu Province, southeast of Laos, close to Vietnam border. New synonym.
Lectotype of “var. viridis Möllendorff, 1898” SMF 7559 (Fig.
Laos, Thailand and probably in Vietnam (
The holotype of Amphidromus attapeuensis Thach & Huber, 2017 has a greenish shell, purple lip and parietal callus, and brownish streaks on the apical whorls (
Bulimus annamiticus
Crosse & Fischer, 1863b: 357–359. Type locality: in vicinio urbis Saigon et pagi Fuyen-Moth dicti [Ho Chi Min Province and Phu Yen Province, Vietnam].
Amphidromus inversus annamiticus:
Amphidromus (Amphidromus) inversus annamiticus:
Syntypes MNHN-IM-2000-1820 from “Saigon et Fuyen-Moth” (2 shells; Fig.
Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam (
Amphidromus khammouanensis Thach & Huber in Thach, 2017: 41, figs 501–503. Type locality: Thakhek city, Khammouane Province, Central Laos.
Holotype NHMUK 20170276 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Amphidromus laosianus
Bavay, 1898: 15, 16, pl. 2, figs 1, 1a. Type locality: Khône, sur les bords du Mékong [on the banks of the Mekong River, Khone District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Amphidromus laosianus var. albocaerulescens
Bavay, 1898: 16, pl. 2, figs 2, 2a. Type locality: Khône, sur les bords du Mékong [on the banks of the Mekong River, Khone District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Amphidromus (Amphidromus) laosianus:
Specimens RMNH 101049 (2 shells) from Khone District, Champasak Province (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the old specimens were examined.
Amphidromus monsecourorum Thach & Huber in Thach, 2017: 43, figs 513–518. Type locality: Attapeu Province, southeast of Laos, close to Vietnam border.
Holotype RBINS-MT-3576 figured in
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Amphidronus pervariabilis
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909d[1908]: 246, 247. Type locality: Ban-Lao [Ban Lao in Muong Bum Commune, Thuan Chau District, Son La Province, Vietnam], Muong-Kong [Muong Khuong District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam], Pha-Long [Pha Long Commune, Muong Khuong District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam] and Pac Kha [Pa Kha Commune, Bac Ha District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
Amphidromus (Amphidromus) pervariabilis:
Syntypes MNHM-IM-2000-2049 (3 shells) figured in
Laos and Vietnam (
Amphidromus (Amphidromus) protania
Lehmann & Maassen, 2004: 17–20, figs 1–4. Type locality: South Laos, Salavan Province, near the Ban Donxé village, the east bank of the Se Don River.
Holotype RMNH 98143 (Fig.
Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Bulimus
römeri Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 274, pl. 36, fig. 4. Type locality: Laos Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Amphidromus roemeri:
Amphidromus (Syndromus) roemeri:
Lectotype NHMUK 19601450 and paralectotype NHMUK 19601451 (2 shells) figured in
Probably in Laos and Cambodia (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Amphidromus roseolabiatus
Fulton, 1896: 89, pl. 6, fig. 8. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Amphidromus (Amphidromus) roseolabiatus:
Amphidromus phuonglinhae Thach, 2017: 45, figs 581–584. Type locality: Bo Trach District, Quang Binh Province, Central Vietnam. New synonym.
Lectotype of “roseolabiatus Fulton, 1896” NHMUK 19601462 figured in
Laos, Thailand and Vietnam (
The holotype of A. phuonglinhae Thach, 2017 is an immature specimen. The distinguished characters of yellowish-green periostracum and reddish-brown spiral band and columella (see
Bulimus (Amphidromus) semitessellatus Morlet, 1885[1884]: 387, 388, pl. 11, figs 2, 2a. Type locality: les montagnes qui bordent le grand fleuve au delà de Stung-Treng. Les forêts et les montagnes de Kampot à Compong-Som [Mountains and forest in Stung Treng, Kampot and Sihanoukville Provinces, Cambodia].
Amphidromus (Syndromus) semitessellatus:
Syndromus semitessellatus:
Lectotype MNHN-IM-2000-1985 figured in
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and probably in Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Amphidromus (Amphidromus) syndromoideus
Inkhavilay & Panha in
Holotype CUMZ 7019 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
Amphidromus xiengensis
Morlet, 1891b: 27. Type locality: Xieng-Mai et les forêts des bords du Ménam Pinh, Laos occidental [banks of Ping River, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand].
Amphidromus contrarius var. multifasciata
Fulton, 1896: 78, pl. 7, fig. 5. Type locality: Cambodia.
Amphidromus xiengensis var. clausus
Pilsbry, 1900: 195, 196, pl. 63, figs 79–82. Type locality: Laos Mountains, Cambodia.
Amphidromus (Syndromus) xiengensis:
Lectotype MNHN-IM-2000-5249 figured in
Cambodia, Laos and Thailand (
Amphidromus (Syndromus) xiengkhaungensis
Inkhavilay & Panha in
Holotype CUMZ 7045 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
Bulimus zebrinus
Pfeiffer, 1861a: 194. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Amphidromus (Syndromus) zebrinus:
Syndromus zebrinus:
Amphidromus zebrinus:
Lectotype NHMUK 19601439 figured in
Laos, Thailand and probably in Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Helix choboensis Mabille, 1889: 7. Type locality: Tonkin.
Helix (Camaena) choboensis:
Camaena choboensis:
Syntypes MNHN-IM-2000-1908 from “Tonkin” (2 shells; Fig.
Camaena huberi Thach, 2017: 51, 52, figs 689–691. Type locality: south of Thakhek, Khammouane Province, Central Laos.
Holotype MNHN-IM-2000-33205 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
This species was originally described based on the immature holotype, which have a relatively smaller size (width 26.3 mm, height 16.4 mm) and apertural lip not expanded. Therefore, this nominal species is possibly the young specimens of either C. mansuyi Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906 or C. suprafusca Möllendorff, 1898, which are recorded from the massive karsts in Bolikhamxay and Khammouane Provinces.
Helix illustris
Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 269, pl. 36, fig. 8. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Camaena illustris:
Syntypes NHMUK ex. Cuming collection from “Lao Mountains, Camboja” (2 shells; Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
Camaena leeana Thach, 2017: 52, figs 693–696. Type locality: south of Thakhek, Khammouane Province, Central Laos.
Holotype FMNH 381984 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Camaena suprafusca
Möllendorff, 1898: 71. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Paksong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Camaena (Camaena) suprafusca:
Lectotype SMF 8105 figured in
Laos and possibly in Vietnam (
Camaena vanbuensis
Smith, 1896: 129, 130. Type locality: Vanbu, Tonkin [Van Ban District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
Camaena illustris vanbuensis:
Holotype NHMUK 1896.1.25.1 (Fig.
Vietnam (
Helix balansai
Morlet, 1886a: 1. Type locality: Baie dHalong et montagne de lÉléphant [Ha Long Bay and Elephant Mountain, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam].
Helix (Chloritis) balansai var. cincta
Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1905: 90, 91, pl. 3, figs 5–9. Type locality: Ile Krieu, Archipel des Faï-Tsi-Long, Tonkin [Krieu Island, Ha Long Provincial, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam].
Chloritis (Trichochloritis) balansai:
Chloritis (Trichochloritis) balansai var. cincta:
Chloritis balansai:
Chloritis balansai cincta:
Trachia balansai:
Syntype of “balansai Morlet, 1887” MNHN-IM-2000-2078 from “Tonkin” (1 shell; Fig.
Helix caseus Pfeiffer, 1860a: 134. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Helix (Plectotropis) caseus:
Chloritis (Trichochloritis) caseus:
Chloritis caseus:
Syntypes NHMUK 20160333 from “Siam” (3 shells; Fig.
Cambodia, Laos and Thailand (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
Helix condoriana Crosse & Fischer, 1863b: 351–353, pl. 14, fig. 1. Type locality: Poulo-Condor [Con Dao Islands, Ba Ria–Vung Tau Province, Vietnam].
Chloritis (Trichochloritis) condoriana:
Chloritis condoriana:
Trichochloritis condoriana:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-1866 from “Ile de Poulo-Condor” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
Helix deliciosa Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 271, pl. 36, fig. 3. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Chloritis (Trichochloritis) deliciosa:
Chloritis deliciosa:
Camaena deliciosa:
Syntypes NHMUK 20170017 from “Lao Mountains, Camboja” (3 shells; Fig.
Laos, Vietnam and possibly in Cambodia (
Chloritis diplochone
Möllendorff, 1898: 72. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Paksong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Chloritis (Trichochloritis) diplochone:
Trichochloritis diplochone:
Lectotype SMF 8594 (Fig.
Laos, Thailand and Vietnam (
Helix (Chloritis) durandi
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900b: 111, 112. Type locality: Bac-Kan [Bac Kan Province, Vietnam].
Chloritis (Eustomopsis) durandi:
Chloritis durandi:
Trachia
(?) durandi:
Syntypes MNHN-IM-2000-1881 from “Bac-Kan, Tonkin” (1 shell; Fig.
Helix fouresi Morlet, 1886b: 74. Type locality: Plateau de Stang-Trang, Cambodge [Steung Treng Province, Cambodia].
Fruticicola fouresi:
Chloritis (Trichochloritis) fouresi:
Chloritis fouresi:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-1888 from “Strung-Trang” (1 shell; Fig.
Cambodia and Thailand (
Megalacron huberi Thach, 2017: 53, 54, figs 741–743. [non Chloritis huberi Thach, 2016: 72, 73, figs 49, 407–410]. Type locality: Thakhek, Khammouane Province, South Central Laos.
The species name “khammouanensis” is from the type locality of the type specimens in Laos.
Holotype MNHN-IM-2000-33214 (Fig.
Known only from the type locality in Laos (
This species was originally placed in the genus Megalacron Rensch, 1934. It seemed inappropriate since all the known members are distributed in the Bismarck and Solomon Islands. Moreover, the subfamily Papuninae where Megalacron belongs has a restricted distribution in New Guinea, Australia and Melanesia (
By relocating Megalacron huberi Thach, 2017 to the genus Chloritis, it becomes a junior secondary homonym of Chloritis huberi Thach, 2016 (see below). According to the ICZN guideline (
Chloritis klausgrohi Thach & Huber in Thach, 2017: 52, figs 729–732. Type locality: Laos.
Holotype RMNH 5006711 figured in
Known only from the type locality and Khammouan Provinces (
Helix (Chloritis) lemeslei Morlet, 1891a: 245, 249, 250, pl. 7, fig. 1. Type locality: Song-Ma [Song Ma District, Son La Province, Vietnam].
Chloritis (Trichochloritis) lemeslei:
Chloritis lemeslei:
Camaena lemeslei:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-1925 from “Song-Ma” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Helix (Chloritis) marimberti
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900b: 111. Type locality: Cho-Ra [Cho Ra Township, Ba Be District, Bac Kan Province, Vietnam].
Chloritis (Trichochloritis) marimberti:
Helix (Chloritis) marimberti var. carinata Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909b: 180. Type locality: Muong Kong, Muong-Hum [Muong Khuong District; Muong Hum Town, Bat Xat District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
Chloritis marimberti:
Chloritis marimberti carinata:
Trachia marimberti carinata:
Trachia marimberti marimberti:
Syntype of “marimberti Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900” MNHN-IM-2000-1935 from “Cho-Ra” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
Chloritis microtricha
Möllendorff, 1898: 71, 72. Type locality: Boloven [Boloven Plateau, Paksong District, Champasak Province, Laos].
Chloritis (Trichochloritis) microtricha:
Trichochloritis microtricha:
Lectotype SMF 8540 figured in
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the old specimen was examined.
Helix (Chloritis) nasuta
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1908: 237, 238. Type locality: Muong-Hum [Muong Hum Commune, Bat Xat District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
Chloritis nasuta:
Trachia nasuta:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-2043 from “Muong-Hum” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
Helix norodomiana Morlet, 1883: 106, 107, pl. 4, figs 3, 3a, b. Type locality: Khamchay [Cambodia].
Chloritis (Trichochloritis) norodomiana:
Chloritis norodomiana:
Trachia norodomiana:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-1953 from “Kamchay” (1 shell; Fig.
Cambodia, Laos, probably in Thailand (Chiang Mai Province) and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Helix (Chloritis) remoratrix Morlet, 1893[1892]: 317, 318, pl. 6, figs 3, 3a, b. Type locality: Route de Bassac à Siempang, sur la rive gauche de Mékong, dans le Laos [road from Champasak (Laos) to Siem Pang District, Stung Treng Province (Cambodia), on the left bank of Mekong River in Laos].
Chloritis remoratrix:
Chloritis (Trichochloritis) remoratrix:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-1981 from “Route de Bassac à Siempang, Laos” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos, probably in Cambodia, and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Helix tenella Pfeiffer, 1862: 42, pl. 5, figs 6, 7. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Chloritis (Trichochloritis) tenella:
Chloritis tenella:
Aegista
(?) tenella:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-2045 from “Siam” (1 shell; Fig.
Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Helix (Plectotropis) hyperteleia
Morlet, 1892b: 82, 83. Type locality: Kham-Keute, dans le Laos [around Kham Kheuth District, Bolikhamxay Province, Laos].
Ganesella hyperteleia:
Plectotropis hyperteleia:
Specimens from Tam Mungkorn Cave, Khamkeut District, Bolikhamxay Province (Fig.
Laos and probably in Vietnam (
Satsuma leptopomopsis Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1908: 180, 181, pl. 4, figs 17–19. Type locality: Lung-Phoi, près That-Khé [Lung Po Town, Tra Linh District, Cao Bang Province; That Khe Town, Trang Dinh District, Lang Son Province, Vietnam].
Ganesella leptopomopsis:
Specimens from Tam Xang Cave, Ban Nam Kha village, Kham District, Xieng Khaung Province (Fig.
Vietnam (
Helix rostrella
Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 270. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Bradybaena (Torobaena) rostrella:
Bradybaena
(?) rostrella:
Syntypes NHMUK 20130217 from “Lao Mountains, Camboja” (3 shells; Fig.
Laos, Vietnam, and possibly in Cambodia (
Bulimus siamensis
Redfield, 1853: 15, 16. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].
Pseudobuliminus (Giardia) siamensis:
Pseudobuliminus
(Girardius [sic]) siamensis:
Giardia siamensis:
Specimens NHMUK ex. Cuming collection from “Siam” (3 shells; Fig.
Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam (
Helix horrida
Pfeiffer, 1863a[1862]: 272, pl. 36, fig. 15. Type locality: Lao Mountains, Camboja [Cambodia or Laos].
Helicodonta (Moellendorffia) horrida:
Moellendorffia horrida:
Syntypes NHMUK ex. Cuming collection from “Lao Mountains, Camboja: (3 shells; Fig.
Laos (
Helix (Chloritis) pseudomiara
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909d[1908]: 236. Type locality: Nat-Son, Binh-Lu, Muong-Hum [Nat Son Commune, Kim Boi District, Hoa Binh Province; Binh Lieu District, Quang Ninh Province; Muong Hum Commune, Bat Xat District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam].
Helix (Chloritis) pseudomiara var. minor
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909d[1908]: 236. Type locality: Phong-Tho [Phong Tho District, Lai Chau Province, Vietnam].
Chloritis pseudomaria
[sic]:
Chloritis pseudomaria
[sic] minor:
Trachia pseudomiara:
Syntype of “pseudomiara Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909” MNHN-IM-2000-31774 from “Nat-Son” (1 shell; Fig.
Vietnam (
Streptaxis discus Pfeiffer, 1853a[1851]: 252. Type locality: unknown.
Streptaxis (Discartemon) paradiscus Möllendorff, 1900: 117. Type locality: Phucson bei Touranne, Annam [Da Nang Province, Vietnam].
Discartemon paradiscus:
Discartemon discus:
Lectotype NHMUK 20130684 (Fig.
Vietnam and Laos (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined. As
Streptaxis fischeri
Morlet, 1886a: 2. Type locality: baie dHalong et montagne de lÉléphant [Ha Long Bay and Elephant Mountain, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam].
Haploptychius fischeri:
Lectotype MNHN-IM-2000-30873 (Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Streptaxis daedaleus
Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909d[1908]: 230. Type locality: Pac-Kha [Pa Kha in Long Luong Commune, Van Ho District, Son La Province, Vietnam].
Streptaxis daedaleus var. major
Perrottetia daedalea:
Perrottetia daedaleus
[sic]:
Syntype of “var. major Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909” MNHN-IM-2000-30871 from “Pac-Kha” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos and possibly in Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Helix (Plectopylis) schlumbergeri
Morlet, 1886a: 1, 2. Type locality: baie dHalone et montagne de lÉléphant, Tonkin [Ha Long Bay and Elephant Mountain, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam].
Endoplon schlumbergeri:
Halongella schlumbergeri:
Syntypes MNHN-IM-2000-24582 (2 shells; Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
Although
Hypselostoma crossei
Morlet, 1886a: 2, 3.
Gyliotrachela crossei crossei:
Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found and the type specimen could not be traced. This species was figured in
Helix sapeca Heude, 1890: 143, pl. 38, fig. 13. Type locality: in monte conico juxta Tay-ninh Cochinchine [probably refers to the hills in Tay Ninh Province, Vietnam].
Geotrochus sapeca:
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found.
Helix dura
Pfeiffer, 1864[1863]: 524. Type locality: Waigiou Island [Waigeo Island, Raja Ampat Regency, West Papua Province, Indonesia].
Hemiplecta dura:
Nanina (Hemiplecta) dura:
Ariophanta (Hemiplecta) dura:
Syntypes NHMUK ex. Cuming collection from “Waigiou Island” (2 shells; Fig.
West Papua Province, Indonesia (
No material of this species was found in this study and no specimen with a precise locality from Indochina has been recorded so far. Only the type specimens were examined, and the type specimen is illustrated herein for the first time. The species was originally described from West Papua, Indonesia (
Microparmarion andamanica
Collinge, 1901b: 17, 18, pl. 1, figs 7–10. Type locality: North Andaman [error].
Microparmarion annamica Collinge, 1901a: 120. Type locality: Mekong Valley, Annam [correct type locality].
Laos and probably in Vietnam (
The correct type locality of this species should be “Mekong Valley, Annam” (see
Macrochlamys dugasti Morlet, 1891b: 25, 26. Type locality: forêts des bords du Ménam-Pinh, Laos occidental [forest edges of Ping River, Thailand].
Ariophanta (Macrochlamys) dugasti:
Sarika dugasti:
Syntype MNHN-IM-2000-27884 from “Forêts des bords du Ménam-Pinh, Laos occidental” (1 shell; Fig.
Laos, Nepal, Thailand and probably in Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined. The type locality is mentioned as “Ménam-Pinh, Laos occidental” where
A Discartemon discus, holotype NHMUK 20130684 B Haploptychius fischeri, lectotype MNHN-IM-2000-30873 C Perrottetia daedalea, lectotype MNHN-IM-2000-30871 D Halongella schlumbergeri, syntype MNHN-IM-2000-24582 E Hemiplecta dura, syntype NHMUK ex. Cuming collection F Sarika dugasti, syntype MNHN-IM-2000-27884. Photo: B. Páll-Gergely (D).
Amphidromus dautzenbergi
Fulton, 1899: 303, fig. 3. Type locality: Tonkin [north of Vietnam].
Holotype NHMUK 1899.12.18.38 (Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimen was examined.
Helix (Camaena) hainanensis Adams, 1870: 8, pl. 1, fig. 15. Type locality: Hainan [Hainan Province, China].
Camaena hainanensis:
Camaena hainanensis hainanensis:
Hainan Island, Laos and Vietnam (
Chloritis huberi Thach, 2016: 72, 73, figs 49, 407–410. Type locality: Khanh Vinh, Kanh Hao Province, (Central Vietnam).
Holotype ANSP 466247, paratype MNHN-IM-2014-6068 (1 shell; Fig.
The type locality and probably in Da Lat, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam (
The relatively small size, and a simple apertural lip without constriction all probably indicate that the type specimens are juveniles. In the original description,
Helix onestera
Mabille, 1887a: 3. Type locality: Tonkin [Northern Vietnam].
Ganesella onestera:
Globotrochus onestera:
Syntypes MNHN-IM-2000-32456 from “Tonkin” (2 shells; Fig.
Laos and Vietnam (
No material of this species was found, and only the type specimens were examined.
The senior author is grateful to all members of the Animal Systematics Research Unit members, Chulalongkorn University for their kind help during field trips in Laos. Special thanks go to the Faculty of Natural Science, National University of Laos for the preparation of permission documents and data collection in Laos. The authors are also indebted to J. Ablett, F. Naggs and H. Taylor (NHM, London), T. Backeljau (RBINS, Brussels), M.E. Siddall (AMNH, New York), P. Bouchet, V. Héros, D. Brabant and M. Caballer (project E-RECOLNAT: ANR-11-INBS-0004, MNHN, Paris), R. Janssen (SMF, Frankfurt), J. Gerber (FMNH, Chicago), W.J.M. Maassen (RMNH, Leiden), R.G. Moolenbeek (ZMA, Amsterdam), B. Páll-Gergely (Hungarian Academy of Sciences) and T. von Rintelen (ZMB, Berlin) allowing the authors to examine the material housed in the type collections, the type material database and photographs. This project was mainly funded through grants received from the TRF Strategic Basic Research DBG 6080011 (2017-2019), Center of Excellence on Biodiversity BDC-PG2-161002, the Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund of Chulalongkorn University WCU-58-016-FW, the Darwin Initiative Project no. 14–653, and additional supports by CU-ASEAN Scholarships and the 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Fund. We also express our gratitude for the comments from F. Köhler, B. Páll-Gergely and A.A. Schileyko that improved the manuscript.